This document is a 2-3 page paper assignment on diabetes and drug treatments. It discusses the key differences between types of diabetes including type 1, type 2, gestational and juvenile diabetes. It focuses on type 1 diabetes, describing insulin as the primary treatment, including proper preparation, administration and dietary considerations. The paper also explains the short and long-term impacts of type 1 diabetes on patients, including effects of drug treatments like headaches from insulin and long-term complications from persistent hyperglycemia.
Maria EstrellaKaplan University July 07, 2015.docxinfantsuk
Maria Estrella
Kaplan University
July 07, 2015
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Introduction
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a terminal disease whereby the blood has a high level of glucose. This disease is also known as insulin-dependent diabetes. It was formerly called juvenile onset diabetes because it mostly begins during childhood. Mostly, type 1 diabetes is diagnosed in children aged between 4 and 14 years old. However, in recent times, it also begins in adolescents and adults. Type 1 diabetes mellitus involves pancreas gland that is suited behind the stomach (American Diabetes Association, 2015).
Causes of Type 1 Diabetes
The exact cause of type 1 diabetes remains largely unknown. Generally, it is assumed that the predisposition to have abnormal antibodies in the blood is partially genetically inherited, however, genetics are not very well understood. What is clearly understood is that the body detects the cells which makes insulin as foreign cells and hence destroys them (Bluestone, Herold, Eisenbarth, 2010).
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease. The immune system of patients with type 1 diabetes mistakenly produces antibodies as well as inflammatory cells which attack the patients’ body tissues severely damaging them. The misdirected immune system attacks the pancreas’ beta cells of patient suffering from type 1 diabetes. The beta cells are responsible for production of insulin in the body. The pancreas is damaged to a level that it cannot produce insulin. As a result, most patients with this disease have been found to have abnormal antibodies. . Examples of antibodies found in patients with this disease include anti-insulin antibodies, anti-islet cell antibodies as well as anti-glutamic decarboxylase antibodies (Lernmark and Larsson, 2013).
Another believed cause of type 1 diabetes is environmental toxins. Exposure to specific viral infections, such as Coxsackie, Epstein-Barr, cytomegalovirus and mumps viruses or any other environmental toxins can serve to cause abnormal antibodies to react in a way damaging the pancreas cells. Early upper respiratory system infection can also be a risk factor for type 1 diabetes (Huxley, Peters, Mishra, Woodward, 2015).
Symptoms
The early symptoms to watch out for include feeling very thirsty, feeling the urge to pass urine often, feeling very hungry, losing weight unintentionally, having blurry eyesight, having dry, irritating skin, having sores that take long to heal, feeling numbness and feeling fatigue and weakness. These symptoms indicate that there is high sugar in the blood and hence should prompt one to get screened to find out whether he/she is suffering from type 1 diabetes. Later symptoms of type 1 diabetes include dry mouth and skin, difficulty breathing, loss of appetite, feeling nausea, stomach pain, flushed face and fruity breath odor. These are serious warnings signs as they indicate that there is a very high sugar in the blood (Atkinson, 2014).
How the Normal function ...
Peer #1 Nicholette ThomasTypes of diabetes Type 1 .docxpauline234567
Peer #1
Nicholette Thomas
Types of diabetes:
Type 1 diabetes only accounts for 5% of diabetes cases and is usually diagnosed in childhood or adolescent ages (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2017). In type 1, the body destroys its own pancreatic beta cells through an autoimmune process. For this reason, no insulin can be produced innately, hence why it is known as insulin-dependent diabetes (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2017). Juvenile diabetes used to be used interchangeably with the term Type 1 diabetes, although the incidence of children developing type 2 diabetes is on the rise as well as the correlated rates of childhood obesity (Valaiyapathi et al., 2020).
Type 2 diabetes, which will be the main focus of this discussion, is usually diagnosed after the age of 40, and while there is a large hereditary component, it is often brought on largely by modifiable risk factors such as obesity, poor diet and sedentary lifestyle (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2017). It is characterized by the development of insulin resistance within target tissues such as the liver and adipose tissue, as well as an impaired or delayed secretion of insulin (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2017). Diagnosis of diabetes can include a combination of different tests including a fasting plasma glucose (FPG) of greater than 126 mg/dL, a random glucose of greater than 200, an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) of greater than 11, and an A1c of greater than 6.5% (Quattrocchi et al., 2020). It is important to note that other conditions can affect the hgb A1c as well, such as sickle cell, anemia, blood transfusions, dialysis and pregnancy (Quattrocchi et al., 2020). Therefore, multiple tests should be performed and possibly repeated before making a definitive diagnosis.
Gestational diabetes is brought on by pregnancy and subsides rapidly after the birth of the child (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2017). It can be difficult to control due to elevated cortisol levels during pregnancy, other placental hormones that can antagonize the actions of insulin, and also due to the ability of glucose to freely get into the blood of the fetus (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2017). For this reason, blood glucose levels often need to be checked six to seven times per day and be correlated properly with meals / amount of carbohydrates to avoid harm to the fetus. Diet and insulin are utilized primarily to treat this type of diabetes (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2017).
Drug Therapy: Metformin
There are many different types of oral medications and different types of insulin that can be used to manage diabetes. Each class of oral medications works differently in the body to help lower blood sugar. A stepwise approach for managing diabetes, especially alongside different comorbidities such as heart disease and CKD should be implemented, as noted by the recommendations by the ADA, which I will link the updated 2023 articles for standards of care for pharm management under the references listed below. For the purpose o.
Nutrease powder- A natural plant based nutritional shake helps to supports in...SriramNagarajan16
Supplementation of Nutrease powder is essential for proactive prevention and also for the best outcome therapy in Diabetes.
Supplementing essential and conditionally essential nutrients like Nutrease powder to support essential metabolic pathways
is required for immune defense and repair, neuro-hormone balance as well as digestive and detox competencies.
Impaired antioxidant status has been shown to have a definite role in the development of insulin resistance and type 2
diabetes. Overproduction of oxidants (reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species) in the human body is
responsible for the pathogenesis of some diseases. The scavenging of these oxidants is thought to be an effective measure to
depress the level of oxidative stress of organisms. It has been reported that intake of Nutrease powder is inversely associated
with the risk of many chronic diseases, and antioxidant phytochemicals in Nutrease powder are considered to be responsible
for these health benefits. Antioxidant phytochemicals found in Nutrease powder plays an important role in the prevention
and treatment of chronic diseases caused by oxidative stress. They often possess strong antioxidant and free radical
scavenging abilities, which are also the basis of other bioactivities and health benefits, such as diabetes mellitus.
Phytonutrients in Nutrease powder play a positive role by maintaining and modulating immune function to prevent specific
diseases. Being natural products, they hold a great promise in clinical therapy. Phytonutrients are the plant nutrients with
specific biological activities that support human health. Some of the important bioactive phytonutrients include polyphenols,
terpenoids, resveratrol, flavonoids, isoflavonoids, carotenoids, limonoids, glucosinolates, phytoestrogens, phytosterols,
anthocyanins, and probiotics. They play specific pharmacological effects in human health. This article reviews the current
available scientific literature regarding the effect of Nutrease powder as an effective supplementation for a daily energy
need in life style disorders like diabetes.
Approach to Support Diabetes through Data Visualization DivyaBastola
Used Tableau to created a Geo-map by zip codes, Bar chart by sex and race, and another Bar chart by age to display the dense of diabetes prevalence in 17 zip codes of North Texas.
Literature Review is conducted to demonstrate the reduction of hyperglycemia events after the implementation of an inpatient multidisciplinary glucose control management program.
Created Info-graphic to exhibit the ways to manage diabetes through education, counseling, meal/diet, and exercise and potential comorbidities in the diabetic patient that undergoes surgeries.
Maria EstrellaKaplan University July 07, 2015.docxinfantsuk
Maria Estrella
Kaplan University
July 07, 2015
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Introduction
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a terminal disease whereby the blood has a high level of glucose. This disease is also known as insulin-dependent diabetes. It was formerly called juvenile onset diabetes because it mostly begins during childhood. Mostly, type 1 diabetes is diagnosed in children aged between 4 and 14 years old. However, in recent times, it also begins in adolescents and adults. Type 1 diabetes mellitus involves pancreas gland that is suited behind the stomach (American Diabetes Association, 2015).
Causes of Type 1 Diabetes
The exact cause of type 1 diabetes remains largely unknown. Generally, it is assumed that the predisposition to have abnormal antibodies in the blood is partially genetically inherited, however, genetics are not very well understood. What is clearly understood is that the body detects the cells which makes insulin as foreign cells and hence destroys them (Bluestone, Herold, Eisenbarth, 2010).
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease. The immune system of patients with type 1 diabetes mistakenly produces antibodies as well as inflammatory cells which attack the patients’ body tissues severely damaging them. The misdirected immune system attacks the pancreas’ beta cells of patient suffering from type 1 diabetes. The beta cells are responsible for production of insulin in the body. The pancreas is damaged to a level that it cannot produce insulin. As a result, most patients with this disease have been found to have abnormal antibodies. . Examples of antibodies found in patients with this disease include anti-insulin antibodies, anti-islet cell antibodies as well as anti-glutamic decarboxylase antibodies (Lernmark and Larsson, 2013).
Another believed cause of type 1 diabetes is environmental toxins. Exposure to specific viral infections, such as Coxsackie, Epstein-Barr, cytomegalovirus and mumps viruses or any other environmental toxins can serve to cause abnormal antibodies to react in a way damaging the pancreas cells. Early upper respiratory system infection can also be a risk factor for type 1 diabetes (Huxley, Peters, Mishra, Woodward, 2015).
Symptoms
The early symptoms to watch out for include feeling very thirsty, feeling the urge to pass urine often, feeling very hungry, losing weight unintentionally, having blurry eyesight, having dry, irritating skin, having sores that take long to heal, feeling numbness and feeling fatigue and weakness. These symptoms indicate that there is high sugar in the blood and hence should prompt one to get screened to find out whether he/she is suffering from type 1 diabetes. Later symptoms of type 1 diabetes include dry mouth and skin, difficulty breathing, loss of appetite, feeling nausea, stomach pain, flushed face and fruity breath odor. These are serious warnings signs as they indicate that there is a very high sugar in the blood (Atkinson, 2014).
How the Normal function ...
Peer #1 Nicholette ThomasTypes of diabetes Type 1 .docxpauline234567
Peer #1
Nicholette Thomas
Types of diabetes:
Type 1 diabetes only accounts for 5% of diabetes cases and is usually diagnosed in childhood or adolescent ages (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2017). In type 1, the body destroys its own pancreatic beta cells through an autoimmune process. For this reason, no insulin can be produced innately, hence why it is known as insulin-dependent diabetes (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2017). Juvenile diabetes used to be used interchangeably with the term Type 1 diabetes, although the incidence of children developing type 2 diabetes is on the rise as well as the correlated rates of childhood obesity (Valaiyapathi et al., 2020).
Type 2 diabetes, which will be the main focus of this discussion, is usually diagnosed after the age of 40, and while there is a large hereditary component, it is often brought on largely by modifiable risk factors such as obesity, poor diet and sedentary lifestyle (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2017). It is characterized by the development of insulin resistance within target tissues such as the liver and adipose tissue, as well as an impaired or delayed secretion of insulin (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2017). Diagnosis of diabetes can include a combination of different tests including a fasting plasma glucose (FPG) of greater than 126 mg/dL, a random glucose of greater than 200, an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) of greater than 11, and an A1c of greater than 6.5% (Quattrocchi et al., 2020). It is important to note that other conditions can affect the hgb A1c as well, such as sickle cell, anemia, blood transfusions, dialysis and pregnancy (Quattrocchi et al., 2020). Therefore, multiple tests should be performed and possibly repeated before making a definitive diagnosis.
Gestational diabetes is brought on by pregnancy and subsides rapidly after the birth of the child (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2017). It can be difficult to control due to elevated cortisol levels during pregnancy, other placental hormones that can antagonize the actions of insulin, and also due to the ability of glucose to freely get into the blood of the fetus (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2017). For this reason, blood glucose levels often need to be checked six to seven times per day and be correlated properly with meals / amount of carbohydrates to avoid harm to the fetus. Diet and insulin are utilized primarily to treat this type of diabetes (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2017).
Drug Therapy: Metformin
There are many different types of oral medications and different types of insulin that can be used to manage diabetes. Each class of oral medications works differently in the body to help lower blood sugar. A stepwise approach for managing diabetes, especially alongside different comorbidities such as heart disease and CKD should be implemented, as noted by the recommendations by the ADA, which I will link the updated 2023 articles for standards of care for pharm management under the references listed below. For the purpose o.
Nutrease powder- A natural plant based nutritional shake helps to supports in...SriramNagarajan16
Supplementation of Nutrease powder is essential for proactive prevention and also for the best outcome therapy in Diabetes.
Supplementing essential and conditionally essential nutrients like Nutrease powder to support essential metabolic pathways
is required for immune defense and repair, neuro-hormone balance as well as digestive and detox competencies.
Impaired antioxidant status has been shown to have a definite role in the development of insulin resistance and type 2
diabetes. Overproduction of oxidants (reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species) in the human body is
responsible for the pathogenesis of some diseases. The scavenging of these oxidants is thought to be an effective measure to
depress the level of oxidative stress of organisms. It has been reported that intake of Nutrease powder is inversely associated
with the risk of many chronic diseases, and antioxidant phytochemicals in Nutrease powder are considered to be responsible
for these health benefits. Antioxidant phytochemicals found in Nutrease powder plays an important role in the prevention
and treatment of chronic diseases caused by oxidative stress. They often possess strong antioxidant and free radical
scavenging abilities, which are also the basis of other bioactivities and health benefits, such as diabetes mellitus.
Phytonutrients in Nutrease powder play a positive role by maintaining and modulating immune function to prevent specific
diseases. Being natural products, they hold a great promise in clinical therapy. Phytonutrients are the plant nutrients with
specific biological activities that support human health. Some of the important bioactive phytonutrients include polyphenols,
terpenoids, resveratrol, flavonoids, isoflavonoids, carotenoids, limonoids, glucosinolates, phytoestrogens, phytosterols,
anthocyanins, and probiotics. They play specific pharmacological effects in human health. This article reviews the current
available scientific literature regarding the effect of Nutrease powder as an effective supplementation for a daily energy
need in life style disorders like diabetes.
Approach to Support Diabetes through Data Visualization DivyaBastola
Used Tableau to created a Geo-map by zip codes, Bar chart by sex and race, and another Bar chart by age to display the dense of diabetes prevalence in 17 zip codes of North Texas.
Literature Review is conducted to demonstrate the reduction of hyperglycemia events after the implementation of an inpatient multidisciplinary glucose control management program.
Created Info-graphic to exhibit the ways to manage diabetes through education, counseling, meal/diet, and exercise and potential comorbidities in the diabetic patient that undergoes surgeries.
"Empowered Living with Diabetes: Navigating the Path to Wellness" is an indispensable guide for individuals seeking comprehensive knowledge and practical strategies for effectively managing diabetes. Written by Dr. Olivia Mitchell, a renowned expert in the field of diabetes management, this book offers a holistic approach to understanding and navigating the complexities of diabetes.
From the introductory chapters that provide a thorough overview of diabetes and its various types, to the detailed discussions on prevention, management, and coexisting conditions, this book covers it all. With clarity and expertise, Dr. Mitchell delves into topics such as blood glucose monitoring, medication management, healthy eating, physical activity, stress management, and the emotional well-being of individuals with diabetes.
Through insightful chapters that address common comorbidities associated with diabetes, readers will gain valuable knowledge on how to effectively manage cardiovascular health, hypertension, kidney disease, eye complications, nerve damage, and mental health concerns. Practical tips, evidence-based recommendations, and real-life examples provide readers with the tools needed to take control of their health and embrace a life of empowerment.
Furthermore, this book offers guidance for navigating special occasions, traveling with diabetes, and staying motivated while overcoming challenges. Dr. Mitchell emphasizes the importance of a supportive environment, self-advocacy, and the power of a positive mindset in achieving long-term success in diabetes management.
"Empowered Living with Diabetes" is not just a guidebook, but a source of inspiration and empowerment for individuals living with diabetes. Dr. Olivia Mitchell's expertise and compassionate approach create a valuable resource that will help readers develop the skills, knowledge, and confidence to thrive while managing their condition.
Whether you are newly diagnosed, have been living with diabetes for years, or are a caregiver or healthcare professional seeking comprehensive insights, this book is an invaluable companion on your journey towards wellness and empowerment. With its practical advice, empowering strategies, and the belief that a fulfilling life with diabetes is possible, "Empowered Living with Diabetes" will guide you towards a healthier, happier, and more empowered future.
TYPE 2 DIABETES
TYPE 2 DIABETES 2
Type 2 Diabetes
Student Name
Date
school
Type 2 Diabetes
Introduction
Diabetes is a multifaceted disease that affects over 29 million individuals in the United States although most of them are not aware they are sick. The prevalence of diagnosed diabetes is higher among certain minorities such as Alaska Natives, American Indians, Hispanics, Asian Americans and non-Hispanic Black. Its reduces muscle, liver and adipose tissue insulin sensitivity to as well as a decrease pancreatic b-cell function leading which can impair insulin secretion. Diabetes mellitus (DM) can be in form of Type 1 DM, gestation DM, type 2 DM, Pre-DM or medication-induced DM while all bear high levels of blood glucose. Lately, new antidiabetic medications have been adopted for the treatment of T2DM, including dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide 1(GLP-1) receptor agonists, anamylin analogue, and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors. Of all cases of diabetes, 90% - 95% is accounted by type 2 DM (Olokoba, Obateru & Olokoba, 2012). It is characterized by the body failing to use insulin properly because of the relative deficiency in insulin or insulin resistance. Failure to manage type 2 diabetes appropriately can cause grave complications such as neuropathy, retinopathy and cardiovascular diseases. .
Problem
Diabetes Mellitus type 2 has become an epidemic in the adult population and managing the glucose levels has become a serious problem with close to 285 million people worldwide affected (International Diabetes Federation. 2011). The number of Americans people affected by type 2 diabetes mellitus has continued to grow by 1.9 million cases every year. The problem has been rampant on older people in the United States who account for 10.9 million cases. Among the factors identified as drivers of type 2DM epidemic is physical inactivity, increased age of the U.S. population, increase in the sub-populations prone to diabetes and obesity epidemic. The cost of type 2DM is enormous and in 2012, approximately $176 billion was used in direct medical costs and $69 billion in lost due to lack of productivity.
Review of the Literature
Author
Article Title
Describe Relevance to the Problem Statement
1. SLO #1: Discuss various research designs
Lew, K. N., &
Wick, A.
Pharmacotherapy of
Type 2 Diabetes
Mellitus: Navigating
Current and New
Therapies
Descriptive, correlational and review
research designs. The three
forenamed research designs were
used in the article.
2. SLO #2: Compare and contrast select research designs
Espeland et al.
Intensive Weight
Loss Intervention
in Older Individuals:
Results from the Action
for Health in Diabetes
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Trial
A Randomized controlled clinical trial
design
Research was done on individuals to
determine the impact o ...
Diagnosis of diabetes using classification mining techniques [IJDKP
Diabetes has affected over 246 million people worldwide with a majority of them being women. According to the WHO report, by 2025 this number is expected to rise to over 380 million. The disease has been named the fifth deadliest disease in the United States with no imminent cure in sight. With the rise of information technology and its continued advent into the medical and healthcare sector, the cases of diabetes as well as their symptoms are well documented. This paper aims at finding solutions to diagnose the disease by analyzing the patterns found in the data through classification analysis by employing
Decision Tree and Naïve Bayes algorithms. The research hopes to propose a quicker and more efficient technique of diagnosing the disease, leading to timely treatment of the patients.
BETH MARTINSExplain the difference between the types of dia.docxtangyechloe
BETH MARTINS
Explain the difference between the types of diabetes, including type 1, type 2, gestational, and juvenile diabetes
Type I Diabetes is hyperglycemia due to insulin deficiency. This is caused by autoimmune destruction of B cells that are within the islets of Langerhans (Chetan, Thrower,& Narendran, 2019). Some signs surrounding Type I DM is polydipsia, polyuria, and weight loss. This is more common in children, but can be diagnosed at any age throughout life. Type I diabetes used to be called juvenile diabetes,but this is now known to not be the correct way to view this disease.
Type 2 Diabetes is impaired insulin secretion and abnormal suppression of postprandial (Hurtado & Vella, 2019). Type 2 DM the pancreas resists insulin, or does not produce enough insulin on its own. Often Type I and Type 2 DM are diagnosed incorrectly or mistaken for each other as signs and symptoms are similar. Being overweight or reduced amount of exercise is though to be a contributing factor as well as genetics, but this is till not fully understood.
Gestational diabetes is characterized by spontaneous hyperglycemia during pregnancy. Some risk factors include family history of diabetes, obesity during pregnancy, and advanced maternal age (Plows, Stanley, Baker, 2019). B cell dysfunction which lacks the ability to release insulin when the body needs it is what causes gestational diabetes.
Consider one type of drug used to treat the type of diabetes you selected, including proper preparation and administration of this drug. Then, reflect on dietary considerations related to treatment.
Patients who have Type 2 DM have both insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2021). The liver, muscle and adipose tissue are insulin resistant and increased blood sugar causes B cell function to fail. Insulin secretion decreases and B cells must increase how hard they must work to work against insulin resistance within the tissues (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2021).
The medication I chose os Metformin from the class of Biguanide medications for treatment of Type 2 DM. Metformin uses 3 mechanisms to help lower blood sugar.
Inhibits glucose production in the liver
Reduces glucose absorption in the gut
Sensitizes insulin receptors in fat and skeletal muscle
Metformin is taken by mouth and is absorbed by the small intestines and excreted by the kidneys. Metformin is known to be a great choice for those who skip meals as it will not make blood sugar levels become dangerously low. Those with DM Type 2 should eat healthy carbs such as fruits and vegetables and not indulge in sugary drinks. Protein and polyunsaturated fats should be a staple in the everyday diet. Alcohol should be avoided, and the patient should try to eat several small “meals” per day tp keep blood sugar steady. If blood sugar becomes low having a sugary snack with a complex carbohydrate such as peanut butter and crackers should be on hand.
Short-term and long-t.
"Empowered Living with Diabetes: Navigating the Path to Wellness" is an indispensable guide for individuals seeking comprehensive knowledge and practical strategies for effectively managing diabetes. Written by Dr. Olivia Mitchell, a renowned expert in the field of diabetes management, this book offers a holistic approach to understanding and navigating the complexities of diabetes.
From the introductory chapters that provide a thorough overview of diabetes and its various types, to the detailed discussions on prevention, management, and coexisting conditions, this book covers it all. With clarity and expertise, Dr. Mitchell delves into topics such as blood glucose monitoring, medication management, healthy eating, physical activity, stress management, and the emotional well-being of individuals with diabetes.
Through insightful chapters that address common comorbidities associated with diabetes, readers will gain valuable knowledge on how to effectively manage cardiovascular health, hypertension, kidney disease, eye complications, nerve damage, and mental health concerns. Practical tips, evidence-based recommendations, and real-life examples provide readers with the tools needed to take control of their health and embrace a life of empowerment.
Furthermore, this book offers guidance for navigating special occasions, traveling with diabetes, and staying motivated while overcoming challenges. Dr. Mitchell emphasizes the importance of a supportive environment, self-advocacy, and the power of a positive mindset in achieving long-term success in diabetes management.
"Empowered Living with Diabetes" is not just a guidebook, but a source of inspiration and empowerment for individuals living with diabetes. Dr. Olivia Mitchell's expertise and compassionate approach create a valuable resource that will help readers develop the skills, knowledge, and confidence to thrive while managing their condition.
Whether you are newly diagnosed, have been living with diabetes for years, or are a caregiver or healthcare professional seeking comprehensive insights, this book is an invaluable companion on your journey towards wellness and empowerment. With its practical advice, empowering strategies, and the belief that a fulfilling life with diabetes is possible, "Empowered Living with Diabetes" will guide you towards a healthier, happier, and more empowered future.
TYPE 2 DIABETES
TYPE 2 DIABETES 2
Type 2 Diabetes
Student Name
Date
school
Type 2 Diabetes
Introduction
Diabetes is a multifaceted disease that affects over 29 million individuals in the United States although most of them are not aware they are sick. The prevalence of diagnosed diabetes is higher among certain minorities such as Alaska Natives, American Indians, Hispanics, Asian Americans and non-Hispanic Black. Its reduces muscle, liver and adipose tissue insulin sensitivity to as well as a decrease pancreatic b-cell function leading which can impair insulin secretion. Diabetes mellitus (DM) can be in form of Type 1 DM, gestation DM, type 2 DM, Pre-DM or medication-induced DM while all bear high levels of blood glucose. Lately, new antidiabetic medications have been adopted for the treatment of T2DM, including dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide 1(GLP-1) receptor agonists, anamylin analogue, and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors. Of all cases of diabetes, 90% - 95% is accounted by type 2 DM (Olokoba, Obateru & Olokoba, 2012). It is characterized by the body failing to use insulin properly because of the relative deficiency in insulin or insulin resistance. Failure to manage type 2 diabetes appropriately can cause grave complications such as neuropathy, retinopathy and cardiovascular diseases. .
Problem
Diabetes Mellitus type 2 has become an epidemic in the adult population and managing the glucose levels has become a serious problem with close to 285 million people worldwide affected (International Diabetes Federation. 2011). The number of Americans people affected by type 2 diabetes mellitus has continued to grow by 1.9 million cases every year. The problem has been rampant on older people in the United States who account for 10.9 million cases. Among the factors identified as drivers of type 2DM epidemic is physical inactivity, increased age of the U.S. population, increase in the sub-populations prone to diabetes and obesity epidemic. The cost of type 2DM is enormous and in 2012, approximately $176 billion was used in direct medical costs and $69 billion in lost due to lack of productivity.
Review of the Literature
Author
Article Title
Describe Relevance to the Problem Statement
1. SLO #1: Discuss various research designs
Lew, K. N., &
Wick, A.
Pharmacotherapy of
Type 2 Diabetes
Mellitus: Navigating
Current and New
Therapies
Descriptive, correlational and review
research designs. The three
forenamed research designs were
used in the article.
2. SLO #2: Compare and contrast select research designs
Espeland et al.
Intensive Weight
Loss Intervention
in Older Individuals:
Results from the Action
for Health in Diabetes
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Trial
A Randomized controlled clinical trial
design
Research was done on individuals to
determine the impact o ...
Diagnosis of diabetes using classification mining techniques [IJDKP
Diabetes has affected over 246 million people worldwide with a majority of them being women. According to the WHO report, by 2025 this number is expected to rise to over 380 million. The disease has been named the fifth deadliest disease in the United States with no imminent cure in sight. With the rise of information technology and its continued advent into the medical and healthcare sector, the cases of diabetes as well as their symptoms are well documented. This paper aims at finding solutions to diagnose the disease by analyzing the patterns found in the data through classification analysis by employing
Decision Tree and Naïve Bayes algorithms. The research hopes to propose a quicker and more efficient technique of diagnosing the disease, leading to timely treatment of the patients.
BETH MARTINSExplain the difference between the types of dia.docxtangyechloe
BETH MARTINS
Explain the difference between the types of diabetes, including type 1, type 2, gestational, and juvenile diabetes
Type I Diabetes is hyperglycemia due to insulin deficiency. This is caused by autoimmune destruction of B cells that are within the islets of Langerhans (Chetan, Thrower,& Narendran, 2019). Some signs surrounding Type I DM is polydipsia, polyuria, and weight loss. This is more common in children, but can be diagnosed at any age throughout life. Type I diabetes used to be called juvenile diabetes,but this is now known to not be the correct way to view this disease.
Type 2 Diabetes is impaired insulin secretion and abnormal suppression of postprandial (Hurtado & Vella, 2019). Type 2 DM the pancreas resists insulin, or does not produce enough insulin on its own. Often Type I and Type 2 DM are diagnosed incorrectly or mistaken for each other as signs and symptoms are similar. Being overweight or reduced amount of exercise is though to be a contributing factor as well as genetics, but this is till not fully understood.
Gestational diabetes is characterized by spontaneous hyperglycemia during pregnancy. Some risk factors include family history of diabetes, obesity during pregnancy, and advanced maternal age (Plows, Stanley, Baker, 2019). B cell dysfunction which lacks the ability to release insulin when the body needs it is what causes gestational diabetes.
Consider one type of drug used to treat the type of diabetes you selected, including proper preparation and administration of this drug. Then, reflect on dietary considerations related to treatment.
Patients who have Type 2 DM have both insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2021). The liver, muscle and adipose tissue are insulin resistant and increased blood sugar causes B cell function to fail. Insulin secretion decreases and B cells must increase how hard they must work to work against insulin resistance within the tissues (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2021).
The medication I chose os Metformin from the class of Biguanide medications for treatment of Type 2 DM. Metformin uses 3 mechanisms to help lower blood sugar.
Inhibits glucose production in the liver
Reduces glucose absorption in the gut
Sensitizes insulin receptors in fat and skeletal muscle
Metformin is taken by mouth and is absorbed by the small intestines and excreted by the kidneys. Metformin is known to be a great choice for those who skip meals as it will not make blood sugar levels become dangerously low. Those with DM Type 2 should eat healthy carbs such as fruits and vegetables and not indulge in sugary drinks. Protein and polyunsaturated fats should be a staple in the everyday diet. Alcohol should be avoided, and the patient should try to eat several small “meals” per day tp keep blood sugar steady. If blood sugar becomes low having a sugary snack with a complex carbohydrate such as peanut butter and crackers should be on hand.
Short-term and long-t.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
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1. Diabetes and Drug Treatments Essay
Diabetes and Drug Treatments EssayAssignment: Diabetes and Drug Treatments Diabetes is
an endocrine system disorder that affects millions of children and adults (ADA, 2011). If left
untreated, diabetic patients are at risk for several alterations including heart disease,
stroke, kidney failure, neuropathy, and blindness. There are various methods for treating
diabetes, many of which include some form of drug therapy. The type of diabetes as well as
the patient’s behavior factors will impact treatment recommendations. In this Assignment,
you compare types of diabetes including drug treatments for type 1, type 2, gestational, and
juvenile diabetes. To prepare: • Review this week’s media presentation on the endocrine
system and diabetes, as well as Chapter 46 of the Arcangelo and Peterson text and the
Peterson et al. article in the Learning Resources. • Reflect on differences between types of
diabetes including type 1, type 2, gestational, and juvenile diabetes. • Select one type of
diabetes. • Consider one type of drug used to treat the type of diabetes you selected
including proper preparation and administration of this drug. Then, reflect on dietary
considerations related to treatment. Diabetes and Drug Treatments Essay. • Think about the
short-term and long-term impact of the diabetes you selected on patients including effects
of drug treatments. By Day 7 Write a 2- to 3- page paper that addresses the following: •
Explain the differences between types of diabetes including type 1, type 2, gestational, and
juvenile diabetes. • Describe one type of drug used to treat the type of diabetes you selected
including proper preparation and administration of this drug. Include dietary
considerations related to treatment. • Explain the short-term and long-term impact of this
diabetes on patients including effects of drugs treatments. Reminder: The School of Nursing
requires that all papers submitted include a title page, introduction, summary, and
references. The Sample Paper provided at the Walden Writing Center provides an example
of those required elements (available at http://writingcenter.waldenu.edu/57.htm). All
papers submitted must use this formatting. Submission and Grading Information Grading
Criteria To access your rubric: Week 6 Assignment Rubric Check Your Assignment Draft for
Authenticity ASSIGNMENT REQUIRED COURSE RESOURCES (MUST use 2-3 required course
resources PLUS 2 credible outside resources). Diabetes and Drug Treatments
Essay. Arcangelo, V. P., Peterson, A. M., Wilbur, V., & Reinhold, J. A. (Eds.). (2017).
Pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice: A practical approach (4th ed.). Ambler, PA:
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. • Chapter 36, “Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis” (pp.
591-609) This chapter examines the causes, pathophysiology, and diagnostic criteria of
osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. It then outlines the process of selecting,
2. administering, and managing drug therapy for both disorders. • Chapter 46, “Diabetes
Mellitus” (pp. 785-806) This chapter begins by identifying the causes, pathophysiology, and
diagnostic criteria of diabetes mellitus. It then examines the process of selecting,
administering, and managing drug therapy for patients with diabetes mellitus. • Chapter 47,
“Thyroid Disorders” (pp. 809-822) This chapter explores the causes, pathophysiology,
diagnostic criteria, and administration of drug therapy for patients with thyroid disorders,
including hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, thyroid nodules, subclinical thyroid disease,
and thyroiditis. It also discusses the mechanisms of prescribed drugs, as well as proper
dosages and potential adverse reactions. English, C. & Aloi, J.J. (2015). New FDA-Approved
Disease-Modifying Therapies for Multiple Sclerosis. Clinical Therapeutics. 37(4). 691-715
Note: Retrieved from the Walden Library databases. This article covers new FDA approved
medications for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Kargiotis, O., Paschali, A., Messinis, L., &
Papathanasopoulos, P. (2010). Quality of life in multiple sclerosis: Effects of current
treatment options. International Review of Psychiatry, 22(1), 67–82. Note: Retrieved from
the Walden Library databases. Diabetes and Drug Treatments Essay. This article examines
the process of evaluating and diagnosing patients who present with symptoms of multiple
sclerosis and explores treatment and rehabilitation methods. Document: American Diabetes
Association. (2018). Pharmacologic Approaches to Glycemic Treatment: Standards of
medical care in diabetes—2018. Diabetes Care, 41(Supplement 1), S73-S85. Retrieved from
http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/41/supplement_1/s73.full-text.pdf Required
Media Laureate Education, Inc. (Executive Producer). (2012). The endocrine system and
diabetes. Baltimore, MD: Author. This media presentation explores the endocrine system
and diabetes including diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Note: The approximate
length of this media piece is 5 minutes. Laureate Education, Inc. (Executive Producer).
(2012). Advanced pharmacology - Mid-course review. Baltimore, MD: Author. This media is
an interactive mid-course review covering course content. Diabetes and Drug Treatments
EssayIntroduction Diabetes refers to a chronic condition which is primarily
characterized by persistent hyperglycemia due to insulin defects. Persistent hyperglycemia
has been linked to organ dysfunction, organ damage and organ failure. This paper discusses
the differences between different types of diabetes and the drugs used in the management
of type 1 DM. A description of the short-term and log-term impacts of DM and the impacts of
drugs will also be provided.ORDER A PLAGIARISM- FREE PAPER NOWDifferences between
Different Types of Diabetes Type 1 DM occurs when the body’s immunity attacks the
pancreatic beta cells which produce insulin. As a result, insulin becomes totally absent
making the body unable to regulate the level of glucose in blood making one to totally rely
on insulin injection since childhood. It is for this reason that it is also referred to as IDDM
(Zaccardi et al., 2016). The symptoms of type 1diabetes mellitus include: frequent
urination, thirst, polydipsia, high blood glucose and weight loss. Major complications of type
1 DM include: renal failure, ketoacidosis and diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes and Drug
Treatments EssayIn contrast, type 2 DM occurs either due to the inability of pancreatic cells
to produce enough insulin or increased sensitivity of the body to insulin. Since it begins
later in life and individuals tend not to be completely dependent on insulin, it is also
referred to as adult onset DM or NIDDM (Zaccardi et al., 2016). Its signs and symptoms
3. include: polyuria, polyphagia, polydipsia, chronic sores and general body malaise. Long
term impacts include: diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, hypertension and
atherosclerosis.On the other hand, gestational diabetes is predominantly experienced by
women during pregnancy and those diagnosed are at high risk of developing adult onset
diabetes mellitus after birth. However in most cases, the disorder ceases to exist
immediately after birth. When not promptly detected, it can result to complications for both
the fetus and the baby such as: macrosomia, polyhydromnoius, premature or still birth and
even preeclampsia (Baynes, 2015).Lastly, juvenile diabetes primarily affects the young
population of individuals aged 16-25 years old. It is worth knowing that insulin dependent
diabetes mellitus is considered to be juvenile diabetes since it tends to affect 95% of those
who are young (Baynes, 2015). Besides, the clinical manifestations of juvenile diabetes are
similar to that of IDDM. Diabetes and Drug Treatments EssayMedications Used In The
Management of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, Preparation, Administration and Dietary
Guidelines associated with TreatmentFor the purpose of this assignment, type 1 diabetes
mellitus has been chosen. It is managed with insulin injections and patients are also
expected to observe specific dietary guidelines in order to regulate the blood glucose. The
most challenging issue in the management of type 1 DM is striking a balance between
hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia (Chamberlain et al, 2016). Insulin is usually administered
subcutaneously as an injection and a patient should ensure to use the right syringe and
amount usually U-100. However, insulin is also available in other concentrations such as; U-
300 and U-500. Clients are also advised not to dilute concentrated insulin with other insulin
forms (Fullerton et al., (2016). During administration, the skin should be pinched and the
needle placed at either 450 or 900 and slowly injected. People with type 1 diabetes mellitus
are expected to take fewer meals of saturated fats and a lot of meals rich in unsaturated fats
such as omega 3.Short and Long-term Effects of Type And Medications EffectsIn the long
term, persistent hyperglycemia experienced in type 1 DM can damage small and large blood
vessels leading to both macrovascular and microvascular complications. Some of the
microvascular complications are related to damage to the eye, nerves and the kidney
leading to cataracts, diabetic foot and kidney failure respectively (Katsarou et al.,
2017). Macrovascular complications lead to damage of the heart, brain and blood vessels
potentially resulting to hypertension, stroke, peripheral vascular disease and heart attack.
The most common side effects of insulin include: headaches, anxiety, bumps and swellings
on the injection sites, headaches, hypoglycemia and weight gain as the body begins
adjusting to therapy (Fullerton et al., (2016). Diabetes and Drug Treatments
EssayReferencesBaynes, H. W. (2015). Classification, pathophysiology, diagnosis and
management of diabetes mellitus. J diabetes metab, 6(5), 1-9.Chamberlain, J. J., Rhinehart, A.
S., Shaefer, C. F., & Neuman, A. (2016). Diagnosis and management of diabetes: synopsis of
the 2016 American Diabetes Association Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes. Annals of
internal medicine, 164(8), 542-552.Fullerton, B., Siebenhofer, A., Jeitler, K., Horvath, K.,
Semlitsch, T., Berghold, A., & Gerlach, F. M. (2016). Short‐acting insulin analogues versus
regular human insulin for adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database of
Systematic Reviews, (6).Katsarou, A., Gudbjörnsdottir, S., Rawshani, A., Dabelea, D.,
Bonifacio, E., Anderson, B. J., & Lernmark, Å. (2017). Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Nature
4. reviews Disease primers, 3, 17016.Zaccardi, F., Webb, D. R., Yates, T., & Davies, M. J. (2016).
Pathophysiology of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a 90-year perspective. Postgraduate
medical journal, 92(1084), 63-69.Diabetes and Drug Treatments Essay