This is the shor paper presentation given by Jin Gao at DH2017 conference 11 August 2017 in Montreal.

1. The Intellectual Structure of Digital Humanities:
An Author Co-Citation Analysis
Jin Gao, Oliver Duke-Williams, Simon Mahony,
Julianne Nyhan
UCL Centre for Digital Humanities

2. Author co-citation network, data from CHum, LLC/DSH, and DHQ. (1966-2016), generated by
VOSviewer.

3. Author co-citation network, data from CHum, LLC/DSH, and DHQ. (1966-2016), generated by
VOSviewer.

4. Analysis process
Chum, LLC/DSH, DHQ
Citation Data
2. remove self-citation
check each citation
received, if the author
is one of the citing
authors, full count -1
3. fractional citation count
check each remaining citation,
if it cites a paper that author A
co-authored with others, then
discount accordingly. (e.g. 3
authors, then 1/3)
4. author ranking
a) full list of 22,321
authors are cited
b) calculate the size of
the author node
proportionally
1. Full citation count
calculate the total
number of citations
the author received
data cleaning
author name
disambiguation
method
1. remove one time co-author
when cites at least one of A s
article, at least one of B s article
that is different from the one of
A, co-citation increases by 1.
2. calculate each pair of two
create the author co-citation
matrix containing co-citation
count for each pair of two
authors
3. assign to cluster
a) calculate similarity matrix
and coordinates
b) assign author to clusters with
different colour
exclusive all-author co-citation count
to construct author relation network
fractional non-self citation count
to calculate author node size
network construction
and visualisation

5. Analysis process
Citation Data
data
cleaning visualisation
relation
node size

6. Data collection
Citation Data
data
cleaning

7. Data collection
• Computers and the Humanities (CHum)
• Digital Scholarship in the Humanities (DSH) /
Literary and Linguistic Computing (LLC)
• Digital Humanities Quarterly (DHQ)

8. The number of articles by CHum, LLC/DSH, and DHQ. (1966-2016) 2,582 articles with 52,823
cited references.

9. The number of articles by CHum, LLC/DSH, and DHQ. (1966-2016) 2,582 articles with 52,823
cited references.

10. Data cleaning – 22,321 authors
• author name disambiguation (Strotmann, 2012)
– two names are mutually compatible
– they have common co-authors
– they have not co-authored any paper together
Strotmann, A., & Zhao, D. (2012). Author name disambiguation: What difference does it make
in author‐based citation analysis?. Journal of the Association for Information Science and
Technology, 63(9), 1820-1833.

11. Data analysis
node size relation
*author position byline is treated equally

12. Data analysis
node size
Fractional non-self citation count

13. Data analysis
node size
Fractional non-self citation count
Citation count
Non-self citation count

14. Data analysis
Paper 1 cited by 1
A B
Paper 2 cited by 100
A B C D
fractional citation count of A
1
2
× 1 +
1
4
× 100 = 25.5

15. Fractional value top 10
author
total
citation
nonself
citation
fractional nonself
citation value
1 burrows, j.f.*# 209 197 182.67
2 holmes, d.i.*# 201 164 114.16
3 mcgann, j.*# 116 116 112.60
4 robinson, p.*# 163 138 108.22
5 biber, d.# 129 127 96.07
6 mccarty, w.*#‡ 126 100 84.06
7 hayles, n.k. 78 78 76.50
8 hoover, d.l.*#‡ 101 73 71.17
9 sperberg-mcqueen, c.m.*# 134 128 67.28
10 burnard, l.*# 117 116 65.19
Published in CHum*, DSH/LLC#, DHQ‡

16. Data analysis
Exclusive co-citation count
relation

17. Data analysis
• Exclusive co-citation count
• when an article cites at least one paper of author A and at
least one of author B that is different from the one of A,
the co-citation count of authors A and B increases by 1
(Zhao, 2006)
Zhao, D. (2006). Towards all-author co-citation analysis. Information Processing & Management,
42(6), 1578-1591.

18. burrows
, j.f.
mcgann
, j.
mccarty,
w.
hoover,
d.l.
sperberg-
mcqueen,
c.m.
hockey,
s.
busa,
r.
terras,
m.
burrows,
j.f. 0 4 18 169 1 10 6 7
mcgann,
j. 4 0 62 8 9 10 5 17
mccarty,
w. 18 62 0 12 17 47 27 38
hoover,
d.l. 169 8 12 0 0 1 2 4
sperberg-
mcqueen,
c.m. 1 9 17 0 0 19 2 0
hockey, s. 10 10 47 1 19 0 32 6
busa, r. 6 5 27 2 2 32 0 1
terras, m. 7 17 38 4 0 6 1 0
Co-citation matrix example

19. Network construction
visualisation
relation
node size
software - VOSviewer 1.6.5
Van Eck, N. J., & Waltman, L. (2010). Software survey: VOSviewer, a computer program for
bibliometric mapping. Scientometrics, 84(2), 523-538.

20. Author co-citation network, data from CHum, LLC/DSH, and DHQ. (1966-2016), generated by
VOSviewer.

21. Author co-citation network, data from CHum, LLC/DSH, and DHQ. (1966-2016), generated by
VOSviewer.

22. History periods
• 1949 – 1970 Beginnings
• 1971 – 1985 Consolidation
• 1986 – 1990 New developments
• 1991 – now Era of the Internet
• Split by 2005
Hockey, S. (2004). The history of humanities computing. A companion to digital humanities, 3-19.

23. 1966-1970
Author co-citation network, data from CHum, LLC/DSH, and DHQ. (1966-2016), generated by
VOSviewer.
Beginnings

24. 1971-1985
Author co-citation network, data from CHum, LLC/DSH, and DHQ. (1966-2016), generated by
VOSviewer.
Consolidation

25. 1986-1990
Author co-citation network, data from CHum, LLC/DSH, and DHQ. (1966-2016), generated by
VOSviewer.
New developments

26. 1991-2005
Author co-citation network, data from CHum, LLC/DSH, and DHQ. (1966-2016), generated by
VOSviewer.
Era of the Internet (1)

27. 2006-2016
Author co-citation network, data from CHum, LLC/DSH, and DHQ. (1966-2016), generated by
VOSviewer.
Era of the Internet (2)

28. Author co-citation network, data from CHum, LLC/DSH, and DHQ. (1966-2016), generated by
VOSviewer.
1966-1970 1971-1985 1986-1990
1991-2005 2006-2016

29. Future research
• citation is only one way
• citations vary each year
• citation lag time (5-8 years)
• more journals
• Twitter analysis

30. Thank you!
jin.gao.13@ucl.ac.uk
@Gaojin_