This document discusses supporting co-operatives in New Brunswick. It provides an overview of the co-operative business model, including how it differs from traditional business models in its purpose, ownership structure, and decision-making process. Examples are given of successful food and agriculture co-ops in the region, such as the Quinte Organic Farmers Co-op and Just Us! Coffee Roasters. The steps for starting a new co-op are outlined, and resources are listed for organizations supporting co-op development.
This document outlines the agenda for a course on high bionutrient crop production. It discusses assessing plant and soil health through measurements of conductivity, brix, and pH. Key topics include preventing limiting growth factors, integrating whole system understanding, hands-on testing, reviewing experiences so far, and reducing limiting factors through critical components of early development. Plant parameters and visual signs of nutrient deficiencies are reviewed for many essential minerals.
This workshop discussed organic strawberry production methods used by Paul and Sandy Arnold of Pleasant Valley Farm. The Arnolds have experimented with matted row systems but now prefer the annual bed system using tips instead of plugs. Some key benefits of the annual bed system are that it frees up space for other crops, reduces disease and pest issues, and improves aeration and yields compared to the matted row system. The workshop provided detailed instructions on soil preparation, planting, irrigation, pest management and harvesting using the annual bed system with tips.
This document summarizes a presentation about farm record keeping using AgSquared software. It defines good farm record keeping as being targeted and organized. It outlines how AgSquared can help with management, planning, record keeping and analysis. The presentation provides several case studies of farms using AgSquared to track details like crop varieties, organize their operations, streamline management, and track costs and inventory. It concludes by noting the mobile app capabilities of AgSquared.
Panel: The Business of Seed with Andrea Berry, Gilberte Doelle and Angus Mellishacornorganic
The panel discusses changes in the commercial seed industry from the perspective of a seed grower, small seed company owner, and medium seed company manager. They note a trend of industry consolidation which has led to fewer varieties available. This has opened opportunities for smaller seed companies. The panelists discuss quality control challenges for new entrants and contract growers. They see potential for more training and resources to help small seed companies and growers improve quality standards to meet demand for local organic seed.
Sébastien Angers spoke about growing organic no-till soybeans at the 2013 ACORN Conference. He discussed using a well-planned rotation of corn, soybeans, and green manures to incorporate residues and control weeds without tilling. This improves soil structure and nutrient availability. His technique requires precision implements and timing to ridge crops, control weeds, and leave roots undisturbed to benefit subsequent crops.
This workshop discussed organic strawberry production methods used by Paul and Sandy Arnold at their farm in New York. The Arnolds have experimented with both the matted bed system and the annual bed system, but now prefer the annual bed system using tips rather than plugs. Some benefits of the annual bed system are that it frees up space for other crops, reduces disease issues, and improves aeration in the soil. The workshop provided detailed instructions on soil preparation, planting, irrigation, pest management and harvesting strawberries using the annual bed system with tips.
This document discusses supporting co-operatives in New Brunswick. It provides an overview of the co-operative business model, including how it differs from traditional business models in its purpose, ownership structure, and decision-making process. Examples are given of successful food and agriculture co-ops in the region, such as the Quinte Organic Farmers Co-op and Just Us! Coffee Roasters. The steps for starting a new co-op are outlined, and resources are listed for organizations supporting co-op development.
This document outlines the agenda for a course on high bionutrient crop production. It discusses assessing plant and soil health through measurements of conductivity, brix, and pH. Key topics include preventing limiting growth factors, integrating whole system understanding, hands-on testing, reviewing experiences so far, and reducing limiting factors through critical components of early development. Plant parameters and visual signs of nutrient deficiencies are reviewed for many essential minerals.
This workshop discussed organic strawberry production methods used by Paul and Sandy Arnold of Pleasant Valley Farm. The Arnolds have experimented with matted row systems but now prefer the annual bed system using tips instead of plugs. Some key benefits of the annual bed system are that it frees up space for other crops, reduces disease and pest issues, and improves aeration and yields compared to the matted row system. The workshop provided detailed instructions on soil preparation, planting, irrigation, pest management and harvesting using the annual bed system with tips.
This document summarizes a presentation about farm record keeping using AgSquared software. It defines good farm record keeping as being targeted and organized. It outlines how AgSquared can help with management, planning, record keeping and analysis. The presentation provides several case studies of farms using AgSquared to track details like crop varieties, organize their operations, streamline management, and track costs and inventory. It concludes by noting the mobile app capabilities of AgSquared.
Panel: The Business of Seed with Andrea Berry, Gilberte Doelle and Angus Mellishacornorganic
The panel discusses changes in the commercial seed industry from the perspective of a seed grower, small seed company owner, and medium seed company manager. They note a trend of industry consolidation which has led to fewer varieties available. This has opened opportunities for smaller seed companies. The panelists discuss quality control challenges for new entrants and contract growers. They see potential for more training and resources to help small seed companies and growers improve quality standards to meet demand for local organic seed.
Sébastien Angers spoke about growing organic no-till soybeans at the 2013 ACORN Conference. He discussed using a well-planned rotation of corn, soybeans, and green manures to incorporate residues and control weeds without tilling. This improves soil structure and nutrient availability. His technique requires precision implements and timing to ridge crops, control weeds, and leave roots undisturbed to benefit subsequent crops.
This workshop discussed organic strawberry production methods used by Paul and Sandy Arnold at their farm in New York. The Arnolds have experimented with both the matted bed system and the annual bed system, but now prefer the annual bed system using tips rather than plugs. Some benefits of the annual bed system are that it frees up space for other crops, reduces disease issues, and improves aeration in the soil. The workshop provided detailed instructions on soil preparation, planting, irrigation, pest management and harvesting strawberries using the annual bed system with tips.
On-Farm and Off-Farm Processing with Guylaine Buecheliacornorganic
This document provides an overview of an organic meat company. It outlines the company's history starting 30 years ago with organic agriculture. The company farms organically on 210 acres and raises 60 beef and 700 pork. It processes 3000-4000 pounds of fresh and frozen meat per week at its 5000 square foot facility. The company sells its products through various retail channels including direct to consumers, natural food stores, conventional grocery stores, restaurants, and butcher shops. It uses various promotion tools such as exhibitions, word of mouth, and social media. The target customers care about organic and local food.
Richard Wiswall gave a presentation on farm budgeting at the ACORN Conference in Moncton, New Brunswick. He emphasized that profit equals income minus expenses, and provided lessons on scrutinizing big expenses like labor, efficiencies of scale, and having a cushion for overhead costs and bad years. Wiswall also discussed keeping budgets simple by focusing on key parameters and targets. He provided examples of budgeting for egg production from 50 layers and meat production from 50 birds to demonstrate the process.
This document provides templates and worksheets for farmers to plan their operations and analyze costs and profits. It includes templates for a marketing chart, production plan, seedling calendar, and crop journal. It also provides worksheets to calculate labor costs, delivery costs, farmers' market costs, and annual overhead costs. The templates and worksheets are designed to help farmers establish sales projections, production plans, and cost analyses to determine profitability.
This workshop explored the potential for growing table grapes as an emerging fruit crop in eastern Canada. It discussed various table grape varieties and their characteristics, ideal growing conditions, cultivation techniques, and market potential. The speaker, Claude Gélineau, has trialled over 80 varieties of grapes at his farm in Quebec and recommends growing 5 varieties to meet customer preferences and ensure a long harvest season. Key considerations for growing table grapes include choosing varieties suited to the climate, using proper trellising and pruning techniques, and protecting the grapes from wildlife predators.
Building Wholesale Relationships & Positioning for the US Marketacornorganic
Beth Pomper presented this presentation as part of the 2013 ACORN Conference and Trade Show held in Moncton. Topics covered include wholesale, export and value-added organic production for building strong relationships in new markets.
Loic Dewavrin owns a 1500-acre farm in Quebec where he produces sunflower oil. In his presentation, he discussed the basics of oil production from oilseeds and compared different oilseed crops for their suitability for cold pressing into oil. He regards sunflowers as the best option as they produce high oil yields with good taste when cold pressed. He also trialled other crops like safflower, canola, flax, hemp, and camelina but found issues with yields, taste, or processing requirements for each. Loic emphasized the importance of crop yields, oil content, and market factors when considering oilseed production but noted other motivations like diversification could also drive the decision to produce oilseeds
This document outlines key points from a presentation on high bionutrient crop production. It discusses addressing limiting soil factors like minerals, biology, carbon, water and air. Supporting soil life is key to healthy plants. Quality objectives include nutrient levels, flavor and shelf life. Correlations between soil, plant, human and environmental health are noted. Topics covered include soil testing, biological inoculation, potting soil, tillage, fertigation, and foliar spraying. Target levels of macro and trace minerals are provided. Maximum yearly application rates of nutrients are outlined. The importance of inoculants, seed selection, potting soil, tillage methods, complexing compounds, pest and disease resistance, irrigation, and foliar
This workshop summary discusses the spotted wing drosophila, an invasive pest in the Atlantic Region. Dr. Debra Moreau from Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada presented on her research of the pest. She discussed identification of the pest, commercial and alternative hosts that are damaged, and control methods including monitoring with traps, sanitation practices, and organic treatments like Entrust and exclusion nets. Future research plans also focused on continued monitoring of the pest and determining habitat suitability and host plants.
Organic Strawberries with Paul & Sandy Arnoldacornorganic
This document provides details about the organic strawberry production system used by Paul and Sandy Arnold on their farm in Argyle, New York. It summarizes their transition to an annual bed system for strawberries, which involves planting plugs in raised beds covered with biodegradable paper mulch. The system provides weed-free berries and allows for a crop rotation. Details are provided on soil preparation, planting, irrigation, season extension techniques, and record keeping processes used to evaluate labor efficiency and profitability.
Recipes for Growing High Quality Seed with Jodi Lew-Smithacornorganic
This document provides guidance on growing high quality seed. It discusses key factors like genetic purity, isolation distances, and post-harvest handling. Seed quality is determined by germination rate and vigor. The basic recipe is strong fertility, good airflow/disease control, full maturity, and proper drying/storage. Wet-seeded crops like cucurbits and tomatoes and dry-seeded crops like mustards and brassicas are well-suited for the Northeast. New methods like using high tunnels allow growing biennial seed crops and expanding the varieties that can be grown. Passion and dedicating several years to learning are important for those starting seed production.
Organic Poultry Symposium - Tim Livingstoneacornorganic
This document provides a cost analysis for raising organic chickens and selling their eggs. It estimates that it costs $14-16 to raise a pullet to laying age. Direct costs to produce a dozen eggs are $2.74, including feed, carton, and costs to raise the hen. Labor to collect and process eggs is estimated at $1.67 per dozen. Total costs per dozen including labor are $4.41. Broiler production is also analyzed under different scenarios, estimating costs per pound raised and potential profits. Recommendations are provided for egg production practices like lighting, nest boxes, and cleaning.
This document outlines various rules, regulations, and programs related to livestock in Canada. It discusses disease prevention programs like Premise ID that track animal locations. It also outlines regulations like the Livestock Operations Act that govern manure management. The supply of chicken is managed by the Canadian Chicken Marketing Agency. For small egg and chicken farms in New Brunswick, there are limits of 199 hens or 200 chickens per year and requirements for storage, processing and packaging.
This document summarizes information from an organic poultry symposium, including brooding methods, costs of raising chickens from day-old to laying age, and costs associated with egg production. Key points include the costs to brood chicks for the first 4 weeks, costs to raise pullets from 5 to 20 weeks, costs to raise hens from 21 to 72 weeks, and the net profit per hen of $20.40 over 51 weeks of egg production. Processing costs of $5 per bird are also outlined.
This document summarizes common vegetable crop diseases in New Brunswick from 2014-2016. It outlines both infectious (biotic) and non-infectious (abiotic) plant diseases. For infectious diseases, it describes the causal pathogens such as fungi, bacteria, nematodes, protozoa, and viruses. It then discusses disease development and the disease triangle. The role of insects in transmitting diseases is also noted. The document provides details on specific diseases for various vegetable crops including tomatoes, cucurbits, carrots, alliums, and cole crops. It describes symptoms, pathogens, and management strategies for diseases like late blight, early blight, powdery mildew, and more. Biological control options and resources for
Three key points from the document:
1. Research found that more complex forage mixtures with multiple grass types yielded higher than simpler mixtures, and legumes like alfalfa and birdsfoot trefoil provided higher forage quality and nitrogen fixation.
2. Cattle generally had better daily weight gain on pastures with mixtures of timothy, meadow fescue, and bluegrass, but mixtures including tall fescue provided more gain per acre. Reseeding legumes every 2-3 years is important to sustain productivity.
3. Managing grazing to reduce mud and extending the grazing season through techniques like bale grazing can help lower winter feeding costs for cattle in eastern Canada's climate. Shelter, body condition
The Dexter Cattle Company promotes its certified organic beef which comes from cattle raised sustainably and with dignity on PEI. The organic beef has the highest nutrient content and quality fats while having the lowest toxins of any meat. Raising the cattle organically and grass-fed is also economically viable for PEI farmers as it costs less than conventional cattle farming with no grain, fertilizer, antibiotics or vet bills needed.
This document provides information about Halaal meat according to Islam. It begins with a brief history of Islam and how Islamic dietary laws originated from the Quran and Hadith. It explains that Halaal refers to permissible foods and Haraam refers to prohibited foods according to Islamic law. The document then outlines specific food restrictions in Islam, Judaism, and Christianity. It provides verses from the Quran regarding prohibited and permitted foods. It also discusses the proper procedures for slaughtering animals according to Islamic and Jewish traditions to ensure the meat is Halaal or Kosher. The document concludes with additional guidelines and customs related to the slaughtering process and storage of Halaal meat.
This document discusses considerations for calculating the cost of production (CoP) on organic farms. It notes that traditional CoP calculations only look at a single growing season and other costs like multi-year investments are not fully captured. The document advocates calculating both costs of production and benefits of production to better assess sustainability. It also discusses how climate change and other risks can make CoP calculations more variable and less effective as a performance measure over time.
This document discusses the importance and benefits of on-farm record keeping. It notes that record keeping allows farms to be managed by providing data on costs, activities, finances, and other metrics over time. Proper record keeping is essential for compliance, financial planning, traceability, and analyzing farm performance and costs of production. The document provides examples of different types of records farms can keep and recommends starting with key questions to determine what specific data should be prioritized. It also discusses best practices for organizing records through entity relationship diagrams and data modeling to facilitate analysis and insights. Spatial mapping of farm features and activities over years is also presented as an important component of comprehensive record keeping.
The document provides relationship advice for farm families based on a presentation by Michelle Wolf at an ACORN conference. Some of the key relationship lessons discussed include using gardening and farmers' market management as metaphors for relationships, understanding love languages and speaking your partner's language, adopting the 100/0 relationship principle of taking full responsibility while expecting nothing in return, building shared habits and rituals, paying attention to "bids for closeness", managing conflict effectively, and developing the skill of having difficult conversations. Resources are offered to help couples strengthen communication and nurture their relationships.
On-Farm and Off-Farm Processing with Guylaine Buecheliacornorganic
This document provides an overview of an organic meat company. It outlines the company's history starting 30 years ago with organic agriculture. The company farms organically on 210 acres and raises 60 beef and 700 pork. It processes 3000-4000 pounds of fresh and frozen meat per week at its 5000 square foot facility. The company sells its products through various retail channels including direct to consumers, natural food stores, conventional grocery stores, restaurants, and butcher shops. It uses various promotion tools such as exhibitions, word of mouth, and social media. The target customers care about organic and local food.
Richard Wiswall gave a presentation on farm budgeting at the ACORN Conference in Moncton, New Brunswick. He emphasized that profit equals income minus expenses, and provided lessons on scrutinizing big expenses like labor, efficiencies of scale, and having a cushion for overhead costs and bad years. Wiswall also discussed keeping budgets simple by focusing on key parameters and targets. He provided examples of budgeting for egg production from 50 layers and meat production from 50 birds to demonstrate the process.
This document provides templates and worksheets for farmers to plan their operations and analyze costs and profits. It includes templates for a marketing chart, production plan, seedling calendar, and crop journal. It also provides worksheets to calculate labor costs, delivery costs, farmers' market costs, and annual overhead costs. The templates and worksheets are designed to help farmers establish sales projections, production plans, and cost analyses to determine profitability.
This workshop explored the potential for growing table grapes as an emerging fruit crop in eastern Canada. It discussed various table grape varieties and their characteristics, ideal growing conditions, cultivation techniques, and market potential. The speaker, Claude Gélineau, has trialled over 80 varieties of grapes at his farm in Quebec and recommends growing 5 varieties to meet customer preferences and ensure a long harvest season. Key considerations for growing table grapes include choosing varieties suited to the climate, using proper trellising and pruning techniques, and protecting the grapes from wildlife predators.
Building Wholesale Relationships & Positioning for the US Marketacornorganic
Beth Pomper presented this presentation as part of the 2013 ACORN Conference and Trade Show held in Moncton. Topics covered include wholesale, export and value-added organic production for building strong relationships in new markets.
Loic Dewavrin owns a 1500-acre farm in Quebec where he produces sunflower oil. In his presentation, he discussed the basics of oil production from oilseeds and compared different oilseed crops for their suitability for cold pressing into oil. He regards sunflowers as the best option as they produce high oil yields with good taste when cold pressed. He also trialled other crops like safflower, canola, flax, hemp, and camelina but found issues with yields, taste, or processing requirements for each. Loic emphasized the importance of crop yields, oil content, and market factors when considering oilseed production but noted other motivations like diversification could also drive the decision to produce oilseeds
This document outlines key points from a presentation on high bionutrient crop production. It discusses addressing limiting soil factors like minerals, biology, carbon, water and air. Supporting soil life is key to healthy plants. Quality objectives include nutrient levels, flavor and shelf life. Correlations between soil, plant, human and environmental health are noted. Topics covered include soil testing, biological inoculation, potting soil, tillage, fertigation, and foliar spraying. Target levels of macro and trace minerals are provided. Maximum yearly application rates of nutrients are outlined. The importance of inoculants, seed selection, potting soil, tillage methods, complexing compounds, pest and disease resistance, irrigation, and foliar
This workshop summary discusses the spotted wing drosophila, an invasive pest in the Atlantic Region. Dr. Debra Moreau from Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada presented on her research of the pest. She discussed identification of the pest, commercial and alternative hosts that are damaged, and control methods including monitoring with traps, sanitation practices, and organic treatments like Entrust and exclusion nets. Future research plans also focused on continued monitoring of the pest and determining habitat suitability and host plants.
Organic Strawberries with Paul & Sandy Arnoldacornorganic
This document provides details about the organic strawberry production system used by Paul and Sandy Arnold on their farm in Argyle, New York. It summarizes their transition to an annual bed system for strawberries, which involves planting plugs in raised beds covered with biodegradable paper mulch. The system provides weed-free berries and allows for a crop rotation. Details are provided on soil preparation, planting, irrigation, season extension techniques, and record keeping processes used to evaluate labor efficiency and profitability.
Recipes for Growing High Quality Seed with Jodi Lew-Smithacornorganic
This document provides guidance on growing high quality seed. It discusses key factors like genetic purity, isolation distances, and post-harvest handling. Seed quality is determined by germination rate and vigor. The basic recipe is strong fertility, good airflow/disease control, full maturity, and proper drying/storage. Wet-seeded crops like cucurbits and tomatoes and dry-seeded crops like mustards and brassicas are well-suited for the Northeast. New methods like using high tunnels allow growing biennial seed crops and expanding the varieties that can be grown. Passion and dedicating several years to learning are important for those starting seed production.
Organic Poultry Symposium - Tim Livingstoneacornorganic
This document provides a cost analysis for raising organic chickens and selling their eggs. It estimates that it costs $14-16 to raise a pullet to laying age. Direct costs to produce a dozen eggs are $2.74, including feed, carton, and costs to raise the hen. Labor to collect and process eggs is estimated at $1.67 per dozen. Total costs per dozen including labor are $4.41. Broiler production is also analyzed under different scenarios, estimating costs per pound raised and potential profits. Recommendations are provided for egg production practices like lighting, nest boxes, and cleaning.
This document outlines various rules, regulations, and programs related to livestock in Canada. It discusses disease prevention programs like Premise ID that track animal locations. It also outlines regulations like the Livestock Operations Act that govern manure management. The supply of chicken is managed by the Canadian Chicken Marketing Agency. For small egg and chicken farms in New Brunswick, there are limits of 199 hens or 200 chickens per year and requirements for storage, processing and packaging.
This document summarizes information from an organic poultry symposium, including brooding methods, costs of raising chickens from day-old to laying age, and costs associated with egg production. Key points include the costs to brood chicks for the first 4 weeks, costs to raise pullets from 5 to 20 weeks, costs to raise hens from 21 to 72 weeks, and the net profit per hen of $20.40 over 51 weeks of egg production. Processing costs of $5 per bird are also outlined.
This document summarizes common vegetable crop diseases in New Brunswick from 2014-2016. It outlines both infectious (biotic) and non-infectious (abiotic) plant diseases. For infectious diseases, it describes the causal pathogens such as fungi, bacteria, nematodes, protozoa, and viruses. It then discusses disease development and the disease triangle. The role of insects in transmitting diseases is also noted. The document provides details on specific diseases for various vegetable crops including tomatoes, cucurbits, carrots, alliums, and cole crops. It describes symptoms, pathogens, and management strategies for diseases like late blight, early blight, powdery mildew, and more. Biological control options and resources for
Three key points from the document:
1. Research found that more complex forage mixtures with multiple grass types yielded higher than simpler mixtures, and legumes like alfalfa and birdsfoot trefoil provided higher forage quality and nitrogen fixation.
2. Cattle generally had better daily weight gain on pastures with mixtures of timothy, meadow fescue, and bluegrass, but mixtures including tall fescue provided more gain per acre. Reseeding legumes every 2-3 years is important to sustain productivity.
3. Managing grazing to reduce mud and extending the grazing season through techniques like bale grazing can help lower winter feeding costs for cattle in eastern Canada's climate. Shelter, body condition
The Dexter Cattle Company promotes its certified organic beef which comes from cattle raised sustainably and with dignity on PEI. The organic beef has the highest nutrient content and quality fats while having the lowest toxins of any meat. Raising the cattle organically and grass-fed is also economically viable for PEI farmers as it costs less than conventional cattle farming with no grain, fertilizer, antibiotics or vet bills needed.
This document provides information about Halaal meat according to Islam. It begins with a brief history of Islam and how Islamic dietary laws originated from the Quran and Hadith. It explains that Halaal refers to permissible foods and Haraam refers to prohibited foods according to Islamic law. The document then outlines specific food restrictions in Islam, Judaism, and Christianity. It provides verses from the Quran regarding prohibited and permitted foods. It also discusses the proper procedures for slaughtering animals according to Islamic and Jewish traditions to ensure the meat is Halaal or Kosher. The document concludes with additional guidelines and customs related to the slaughtering process and storage of Halaal meat.
This document discusses considerations for calculating the cost of production (CoP) on organic farms. It notes that traditional CoP calculations only look at a single growing season and other costs like multi-year investments are not fully captured. The document advocates calculating both costs of production and benefits of production to better assess sustainability. It also discusses how climate change and other risks can make CoP calculations more variable and less effective as a performance measure over time.
This document discusses the importance and benefits of on-farm record keeping. It notes that record keeping allows farms to be managed by providing data on costs, activities, finances, and other metrics over time. Proper record keeping is essential for compliance, financial planning, traceability, and analyzing farm performance and costs of production. The document provides examples of different types of records farms can keep and recommends starting with key questions to determine what specific data should be prioritized. It also discusses best practices for organizing records through entity relationship diagrams and data modeling to facilitate analysis and insights. Spatial mapping of farm features and activities over years is also presented as an important component of comprehensive record keeping.
The document provides relationship advice for farm families based on a presentation by Michelle Wolf at an ACORN conference. Some of the key relationship lessons discussed include using gardening and farmers' market management as metaphors for relationships, understanding love languages and speaking your partner's language, adopting the 100/0 relationship principle of taking full responsibility while expecting nothing in return, building shared habits and rituals, paying attention to "bids for closeness", managing conflict effectively, and developing the skill of having difficult conversations. Resources are offered to help couples strengthen communication and nurture their relationships.
This document summarizes the results of a 2016 survey of over 1,000 organic vegetable growers in the Northeast United States. 210 growers responded to identify their top breeding and research priorities. The highest priority crops for cultivar development identified were arugula, Asian greens, basil, beet, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, carrot, cilantro, cucumber, cucurbits, eggplant, fava bean, garlic, green bean, kale, leek, lettuce, melon, mustard, okra, onion, parsnip, pea, pepper, potato, radish, shallot, spinach, summer squash, sweet corn, Swiss chard, tomato, and watermelon
This document discusses various plant breeding techniques including recurrent selection, pedigree breeding, backcrossing, population breeding, and hybrid breeding. It provides examples of each technique and explains concepts like dominant and recessive traits, true breeding, and heterozygotes. Specific projects are summarized, like developing a sweet striped pepper and an early red bell pepper variety through selection of farmer varieties. Breeding projects acknowledge funders and collaborators.
S2 dynamics of proprietary seed mazourek acornacornorganic
This document discusses the dynamics between public and private seed development over time. It begins with open-pollinated seeds in the early 20th century and the rise of certified seed programs and early seed companies. Later, the development of hybrids, intellectual property protections, industry consolidation, and the resurgence of small seed companies distributing locally adapted varieties are described. The document also outlines the pedigree breeding process and issues around searching for seed, material transfer agreements, licenses, and how the author's university supports their public plant breeding program through royalty structures.
Stock seed, also known as breeder's seed, is the highest quality seed maintained by the breeder to ensure genetic purity. There are different classes of certified seed including breeder, foundation, registered, and certified seed. Maintaining genetic purity of stock seed is important and involves minimizing contamination and strictly rogueing off-types before pollination. Producing stock seed infrequently helps maintain genetic purity over time by reducing genetic drift. Proper storage methods like cool, dry conditions also preserve genetic integrity.