The document outlines the classical approach to speech preparation, including invention, arrangement, and style, emphasizing the importance of audience analysis and topic selection. It provides guidance on structuring speeches, developing thesis statements, and employing supporting materials while suggesting practices to manage speech anxiety. Key components include outlining the speech, choosing appropriate presentation aids, and delivering effectively to leave a memorable impression.

1. DEVELOPING YOUR FIRST SPEECH
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Why Prepare?
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The Classical Approach to Speech Preparation (1 of 6)
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The Classical Approach to Speech Preparation (2 of 6)
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2. The Classical Approach to Speech Preparation Invention:
generation of ideas for use in speechGenerate many ideasIdeas
serve a purposeIdeas are adapted to audienceIdeas based on
topic, purpose, supporting evidence
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The Classical Approach to Speech Preparation
Arrangement: structuring of ideas to convey them effectively
Most speeches have three parts:Introduction, body, conclusion
Arrange ideas to be clear and memorable
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The Classical Approach to Speech Preparation
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EXPLAIN WHAT HAS CHANGED ABOUT HOW WE NOW

3. USE THE FIVE CLASSICAL CANONS—INVENTION,
ARRANGEMENT, STYLE, MEMORY, AND DELIVERY.
PRESENT AN ASPECT OF EACH CANON THAT WE STILL
RETAIN TODAY.
Analyze your audienceAudience analysis: learning interests,
backgrounds to create specialized speech
What is important about audience analysis? Why should it be
one of your first considerations when inventing your speech?
What questions would you ask your classmates if you were
allowed to survey them before delivering your first speech?
How would you use this information?
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Select your topicTopic: subject you will address in
speechChoose topic
that interests youAvoid overused
topics
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4. Determine your speech’s rhetorical purposeRhetorical purpose:
speech’s main goalSpeeches typically have one of three
objectives to focus content:Informing, persuading, marking
special occasion
Preparing and Delivering Your First Speech
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Brainstorming: quickly listing every idea that comes to mind,
without evaluating meritsDevelops substantial list of
ideas.Make final topic decision later
Preparing and Delivering Your First Speech
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Create a thesis statementThesis statement: states message,
narrowed topic, rhetorical purposeDetermine your main
pointsMain point: major ideas to emphasizeEach point must
support thesis
Preparing and Delivering Your First Speech
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Develop supporting materialsSupporting materials: bolster,

5. flesh out claims made in main points
Preparing and Delivering Your First Speech
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Organize, outline body of speechOutline: Text of speech in
complete sentences or briefer phrasesThe three major parts of
an outline are theIntroduction, body (core of your speech),
conclusion
Create two to five main points, numbered with roman
numeralDevelop subpoints for each main pointSubpoints
explain, prove, expand on main pointsFollow rules of
subordinationMain points relate to specific purpose Subpoints
relate to their main points
Preparing and Delivering Your First Speech (8 of 19)
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Generic sample of subordination:
Main Point 1SubpointSubpointSub-subpointSub-subpoint Main
Point 2

6. Preparing and Delivering Your First Speech
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Preparing and Delivering Your First Speech
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SAConclusion: summarizes what you said-Leaves audience with
memorable impressionTwo main parts:Summary of main
pointsClincher (vivid closing)
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Preparing and Delivering Your First SpeechConsider your word
choiceWord choice (diction) makes speech more memorable,

7. engaging
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Preparing and Delivering Your First Speech (15 of 19)Consider
presentation aidsPresentation aid: anything that audience
members can see, hearHelps them understand, remember
message
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Preparing and Delivering Your First Speech Traditional
presentation aids includeActual objects or modelsVideo, audio
recordings, drawings, photographsCharts, maps, graphs,
PowerPoint Presentation aids must support your developing
point
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Preparing and Delivering Your First Speech (17 of 19)Practice
your speechExtemporaneous delivery: Using only notes, rather
than reading speech word-for-word

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Preparing and Delivering Your First Speech (18 of 19)Mediated
presentationTransmitted through mechanical or electronic
mediumPractice with technology and camera operation you will
usePlay speech back to see needed adjustments
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Preparing and Delivering Your First Speech Deliver your
speechProject your voiceMaintain even rate of speakingConvey
interest in topicMaintain eye contact
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Overcoming Speech Anxiety
Speech anxiety (stage fright)Worry or fear before giving
speechA little nervousness can help
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9. Overcoming Speech Anxiety You can learn to manage speech
anxiety
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Overcoming Speech Anxiety Prepare early and follow a
planResist urge to procrastinateReduce anxiety by being
preparedIncorporate feedback
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Overcoming Speech Anxiety
Practice your speechWith group of classmatesWith friends,
familyThrough imagined interactions Mentally practice
delivering speech to audience, picture positive interactions

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Overcoming Speech Anxiety Take care of yourselfGet enough
sleepAvoid too much sugar, caffeineManage other commitments
before speech
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Overcoming Speech Anxiety (6 of 8)Visualize
successVisualization: imagine yourself a resounding
successMake visualization as specific as possibleVisualize
success
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Overcoming Speech Anxiety Use relaxation
techniquesRelaxation strategies: help reduce muscle tension,
negative thoughtsBasic muscle, breathing exercises help reduce
anxietyPlan time for enjoyable activity

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Overcoming Speech Anxiety Volunteer to speak firstNever
defeat yourself.Do not give up
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