This document discusses determiners and pronouns. It explains that determiners are used before nouns to indicate whether the noun is specific or general. Specific determiners include definite and demonstrative articles as well as possessives, while general determiners include indefinite articles, any, other, another, and interrogatives. Quantifiers are also a type of determiner used to express amounts. Pronouns are used to replace nouns and can be used alone, as objects of verbs, or after determiners. The document provides examples for different types of determiners and pronouns.

1. Determiners and pronouns
(Unit 9)

2. Determiners
● Are used before nouns
● They determine whether the noun is specific or general
- Specific determiners include the definite article the, demonstrative this,
that, these, those, possessives my, his, their, etc and interrogative which
eg: Have you seen the last Dior commercial?
Which one?
The one with Johnny Depp in it.

3. - General determiners include the indefinite article a, an,
any, other, another and the interrogative what
eg: Some consumers consider that advertising should be
appealing, but others do not agree with these fact.
What adverts appeal to you?
I don’t believe in advertising so I don't find any of them
interesting.

4. ● Quantifiers are also a category of determiners and we use
them to express amount and quantity.
● For countable and uncountable nouns: all, any, enough, less,
loads of, a lot of, lots of, more, most, no, none of, plenty, some
eg: Most industry experts believe that advertising nowadays
is much more persuasive than in the past, although some
others question the methods used.

5. ● Only with countable nouns: both, a couple of, each, (a) few,
fewer, hundreds of, several eg: Both experts agree that brands
can win back public support by advertising on social media
● Only with uncountable nouns: (a) little, (not) much, a bit of
● With uncountable abstract nouns such as time, money,and
trouble, we often use a good/great deal of eg: Dior has invested
a great deal of money
● Either/Neither are used to talk about two things and are followed
by singular nouns eg: Neither brand agreed to launch their
products online

6. ● Each/Every are followed by a singular noun and mean all eg:
According to the last market research, each end-user was
satisfied with the new product.
● A few: some or more than expected eg: Quite a few people
turned up to the meeting
● Few: not as many as expected eg: Very few points of sales,
allow advertising of cigarettes.

7. Pronouns
● Are used to replace nouns
● can be used on their own: Have you got any money? Not much/
A lot
● as objects of verbs: Those two cannot stand each other. We
bought two products each
● after a determiner: Look at this one
● all and both also can be used after a noun, pronoun, modal or
auxiliary verb: You can keep the books, I’ve read them all.

8. Let’s practise
Do activities 1, 3, 4, and 5 from the student’s book page 88