This document summarizes a study that aimed to determine the factors affecting employee satisfaction in public health service organizations (PHSOs) in Eastern Province, Sri Lanka. The study conducted a literature review on previous research related to employee satisfaction. It identified environmental, psychological, and structural factors as potential determinants of employee satisfaction in PHSOs based on the literature. The study collected primary data through questionnaires distributed to 100 employees at 3 government hospitals in Eastern Province. Factor analysis and regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The results found that the environmental, psychological, and structural factors identified were reliable determinants of employee satisfaction in PHSOs that explained around 93% of the variation in satisfaction levels.
Motivation of Non Registered Auditor to Take Profession of Accountant Educati...iosrjce
This study aimed to examine the influence of motivation of quality, career, economic, seeking
knowledge, degree, and taking USAP over the non-registered auditor’s interest in taking PPAk after the change
in the regulation. This study obtained responds from 46 auditors who have not taken PPAk or non-registered
auditors. Double linear regression technique was used in this study to examine the research data using Smart
PLS software. Result analysis of this model indicated that quality and career motivation variable positively
influence the non-registered auditor’s interest in taking PPAk, meanwhile economic, seeking knowledge, degree
and taking USAP did not influence the non-registered auditor’s interest in taking PPAk. In general, this study
revealed that motivation of auditors could also be influenced by pressure or latest fact about the education
program that they would take. The change in regulation on PPAk has changed the auditor’s motivation to
different direction.
Staff welfare as an antecedent to service delivery among civil servants in ke...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the relationship between staff welfare and service delivery among civil servants in Nandi County, Kenya. The study used a survey of 350 county employees to examine how flexible scheduling, safety/health programs, and retirement plans affected service delivery. The results found low levels of safety/health services and retirement plans for employees, but high levels of flexible scheduling. Statistical analysis showed that safety/health, retirement plans, and flexible scheduling had a significant positive effect on service delivery. The document reviews several other studies that also found workplace health programs, pension plans, and other welfare benefits improved employee motivation, satisfaction, and performance. In conclusion, the study emphasizes the importance of adequately providing welfare services to civil servants in order to
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Skill variety, feedback and employee performance a case of moi teaching and r...Alexander Decker
This study examined the relationship between job design (independent variables of skill variety and feedback) and employee performance (dependent variable) among nurses at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital in Eldoret, Kenya. The study aimed to determine the effect of skill variety and feedback on job performance. A sample of 320 nurses completed questionnaires using a Likert scale. Data analysis methods included descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression to analyze the relationships. The results showed that skill variety had a significant positive effect on job performance but feedback did not significantly influence job performance. The study concluded that providing nurses with more training to enhance their skills could help improve job performance.
An Empirical Study on relationship among Quality of work life and its factorsIOSR Journals
QWL is a very important concept of favorable situation in a working environment. QWL helps the management and employees by facilitating training opportunities, job satisfaction and working condition. A satisfied employee is one who has a career growth along with the organization growth. Sample of 826 respondents were collected from IT industry. The factor analysis was applied to find out the underlying variance among the variables. the results of exploratory factor analysis confirmed that the measurement scales used in this study satisfactorily met the standards of validity and reliability analyses. This study used empirical research methods to explore the correlation between QWL factors. That provided a new way of thinking and measures how to improve the QWL of IT professionals and the organization Performance. Conclusion of this study is elaborated.
Stress in Women Employee; A study on influence of Age (With reference to Insu...IOSR Journals
Occupational stresses and causes work load and job nature that produced stresses among the insurance employees seek to identify in the present scenario of the insurance industry. The present study is about measuring the satisfaction level of females in an insurance sector and to evaluate the relationships between occupational stress, health and job satisfaction. The main aim of this study to measure the influence of age factors on occupational stress among insurance employees. And to evaluate the impact of occupational stress level on job satisfaction among the insurance employees. For this purpose a structured questionnaire was designed to collect information and statistical tool was applied on the data. The purpose of this study is occupational stressors among females in an insurance company.
Motivation of Non Registered Auditor to Take Profession of Accountant Educati...iosrjce
This study aimed to examine the influence of motivation of quality, career, economic, seeking
knowledge, degree, and taking USAP over the non-registered auditor’s interest in taking PPAk after the change
in the regulation. This study obtained responds from 46 auditors who have not taken PPAk or non-registered
auditors. Double linear regression technique was used in this study to examine the research data using Smart
PLS software. Result analysis of this model indicated that quality and career motivation variable positively
influence the non-registered auditor’s interest in taking PPAk, meanwhile economic, seeking knowledge, degree
and taking USAP did not influence the non-registered auditor’s interest in taking PPAk. In general, this study
revealed that motivation of auditors could also be influenced by pressure or latest fact about the education
program that they would take. The change in regulation on PPAk has changed the auditor’s motivation to
different direction.
Staff welfare as an antecedent to service delivery among civil servants in ke...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the relationship between staff welfare and service delivery among civil servants in Nandi County, Kenya. The study used a survey of 350 county employees to examine how flexible scheduling, safety/health programs, and retirement plans affected service delivery. The results found low levels of safety/health services and retirement plans for employees, but high levels of flexible scheduling. Statistical analysis showed that safety/health, retirement plans, and flexible scheduling had a significant positive effect on service delivery. The document reviews several other studies that also found workplace health programs, pension plans, and other welfare benefits improved employee motivation, satisfaction, and performance. In conclusion, the study emphasizes the importance of adequately providing welfare services to civil servants in order to
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Skill variety, feedback and employee performance a case of moi teaching and r...Alexander Decker
This study examined the relationship between job design (independent variables of skill variety and feedback) and employee performance (dependent variable) among nurses at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital in Eldoret, Kenya. The study aimed to determine the effect of skill variety and feedback on job performance. A sample of 320 nurses completed questionnaires using a Likert scale. Data analysis methods included descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression to analyze the relationships. The results showed that skill variety had a significant positive effect on job performance but feedback did not significantly influence job performance. The study concluded that providing nurses with more training to enhance their skills could help improve job performance.
An Empirical Study on relationship among Quality of work life and its factorsIOSR Journals
QWL is a very important concept of favorable situation in a working environment. QWL helps the management and employees by facilitating training opportunities, job satisfaction and working condition. A satisfied employee is one who has a career growth along with the organization growth. Sample of 826 respondents were collected from IT industry. The factor analysis was applied to find out the underlying variance among the variables. the results of exploratory factor analysis confirmed that the measurement scales used in this study satisfactorily met the standards of validity and reliability analyses. This study used empirical research methods to explore the correlation between QWL factors. That provided a new way of thinking and measures how to improve the QWL of IT professionals and the organization Performance. Conclusion of this study is elaborated.
Stress in Women Employee; A study on influence of Age (With reference to Insu...IOSR Journals
Occupational stresses and causes work load and job nature that produced stresses among the insurance employees seek to identify in the present scenario of the insurance industry. The present study is about measuring the satisfaction level of females in an insurance sector and to evaluate the relationships between occupational stress, health and job satisfaction. The main aim of this study to measure the influence of age factors on occupational stress among insurance employees. And to evaluate the impact of occupational stress level on job satisfaction among the insurance employees. For this purpose a structured questionnaire was designed to collect information and statistical tool was applied on the data. The purpose of this study is occupational stressors among females in an insurance company.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The Journal will bring together leading researchers, engineers and scientists in the domain of interest from around the world. Topics of interest for submission include, but are not limited to
This document provides a summary of a research report on job satisfaction among non-managerial healthcare employees in Karachi, Pakistan. The report includes 5 chapters that cover an introduction, literature review, methodology, data analysis and presentation, and conclusions and recommendations. The introduction defines the research problem around absenteeism rates and identifies the objective of studying how physical, psychological and environmental factors impact job satisfaction. The literature review discusses previous research and theories of job satisfaction. The methodology chapter describes how the study was conducted, including the population, sample, data collection and analysis methods.
ACQUIRING EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT TO ACHIEVE HIGH QUALITY OF CARE IN PRIMARY HEAL...JIANGUANGLUNG DANGMEI
Quality of care in the primary health care system of India is poor that often leads to high infant mortality and maternal mortality rate in the rural areas. However, there are strong evidences that demonstrate the importance of employee engagement to quality of care and patient satisfaction in the health care industry. Many health care industries have adopted employee engagement as a strategy to enhance the quality of care. Engaging the employees effectively can overcome the challenges faced by the health care system of India in the years to come and will continue to improve quality of services towards the patients. This paper explores the importance and significances of employee engagement to enhance quality of care in the primary health care of India.
The Relationship between Organizational Justice, Organizational Commitment an...inventionjournals
The current study examines primarily the relationship between organizational justice, organizational commitment, and intention to leave. Investigating if there are gender differences in their levels of organizational justice, organizational commitment and intention to leave the organization is the second objective of this study. Data were collected from 384 health employees of a private hospital in Turkey by related instruments. Consequently, OJ was measured using Niehoff and Moorman’s (1993) scale; Mowday, Steers and Porter’s (1979) scale to measure OB was used and INTL was measured using Bluedorn’s (1982) scale. The reliabilities of the survey instrument was assessed, frequency tests were employed, correlation, regression and independent t-test were made in order to evaluate the relationships between organizational justice, organizational commitment and intention to leave of health employees’. The findings of the study suggest important implications for management theory and practice. The results show that OJ is positively related to OB and negatively related to INTL. OB is negatively related to INTL. As predicted, gender has significant effect on OB, OJ, and INTL. Further, males appear to have a higher OJ and INTL perception, females tend to engage higher OC.
COVID IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT IN AN IT INDUSTRY AND THE REMEDIATION PLANIAEME Publication
This document discusses the impact of COVID-19 on employee engagement in the IT industry and proposes a remediation plan. It identifies factors like professional, personal, emotional, financial, social, economic, and psychological factors that affected employee engagement. It categorizes the levels of impact as critical, high, medium, and low and describes the stages of impact as preliminary, intermediatory, and advanced modes. The document also discusses organizational changes like transitioning to online functioning and infrastructure optimization. Finally, it analyzes changes in employee behavior during the pandemic in terms of advantages like work-life balance and cost savings, and disadvantages like lack of supervision and increased healthcare costs.
The efficacy of retirement plans and flexible scheduling in improving the qua...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that examined the effects of retirement plans and flexible scheduling on service delivery among civil servants in Nandi South, Kenya. A survey of 350 employees found that retirement plans had a significant positive relationship with service delivery, while flexible scheduling was also positively associated with service delivery. Regression analysis confirmed that both retirement plans and flexible scheduling had significant effects on service delivery. The study concluded that implementing retirement plans and policies supporting flexible scheduling can improve service delivery in the public sector.
Effects of Employee Commitment on Academic Performance of Secondary Schools i...paperpublications3
Abstract: Employee commitment always plays a very key role in improving the academic performance. Distinguished performing companies perceive that employee commitment is a premier contributing factor toward maintaining continual success and composing value. A committed employee is participative and energized about their work and performs in an aspect that will progress the organization’s interest. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of employee commitment on academic performance of secondary schools in Elgeyo- Marakwet County. The objectives of the study were: to determine the effect of emotional commitment of the headteacher on school’s academic performance, to establish the effect of normative commitment of the headteacher on school’s academic performance, to examine the effect of continual commitment of the headteacher on school’s academic performance. The study adopted a census case design that entailed having all the headteachers of all the secondary schools in Elgeyo-Marakwet County as the respondents. The three constructs of employee commitment i.e. the normative, emotional and continuous commitment were treated as the independent variable while academic performance was the dependent variable. Data was analyzed using SPSS and both descriptive and inferential statistics was used. Regression was used to construct models that were used to determine the nature of the relationships between the variables of interest. All the hypothesized relationships developed were found to be statistically significant at level p < 0.05 i.e. emotional commitment (r = 0.401, p < 0.000), continual commitment (r = 0.410, p < 0.000), normative commitment (r = 0.273, p < 0.000) were correlated to academic performance significantly and positively. all the organizational commitment constructs of emotional commitment, continual commitment, and normative commitment have significant positive relationship with academic performance (emotional commitment: β=.258, p-value= 0.000; continual commitment: β= .137, p-value= 0.020; normative commitment: β= .056, p-value= 0.044). The results of this study will form the framework for policy making on the issue of organizational commitment and academic performance.
STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING : EMPLOYEE SATISFACTION ASSESSMENT IN THE INDONE...GSA Publishing
Job satisfaction is a persons feelings for the work given to him. The main problem in this research are employee job satisfaction with Indonesia National Shipping Industry. from the results of pre-research shows that there are still many unsatisfied workmen for their work. Factors that affect job satisfaction employees organizational culture, leadership, career development and work motivation.
The research aimed to measure and analyze the influence of organizational culture, leadership, career development and work motivation toward employee job satisfaction. The method used in this study is a sample of 250 respondents, and SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) is used as the data analysis method and the Linear Structural Relationship (LISREL 8.70) program.
The results of this study indicate that: 1). organizational culture, leadership and career development have a positive and significant impact on work motivation. 2) organizational culture, leadership, career development and work motivation have positive and significant effect on job satisfaction.
This research recommends that to improving employees works satisfaction with Indonesias National Shipping Industry, particularly the work itself, which is reflected on the dimensional initiating structure and strengthening of the organizational culture which is reflected by dimension of company regulations and the enhancement of career development which is dimension by management management dimension conducted by the company.
Effect of Job Stress, Benefits and Salary on Employee Job Satisfaction Based ...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
The study aimed to explore the mediating role of work environment with employee job satisfaction, job stress and benefits and salary, to investigate the moderating effects of leadership between work environment and employee job satisfaction. The quantitative and inductive approach was used to collect data for 515 employees. The data was collected through a field survey with a closed-ended questionnaire methodology. The Smart-Partial Least Square (PLS-3.0) was used to analyze structural equation modeling (SEM) for studied variables. Furthermore, findings proved that there is a positive relationship between benefits and salary with employee job satisfaction. The work environment mediates the relationship between Benefits & salary and employee job satisfaction. Here, leadership moderates between work environment and employees' job satisfaction. The job stress has a relationship between employee job satisfaction, whereas, the work environment has a positive effect on job stress. This study assists the executive bodies of the telecommunication sector, how to reduce job stress and raise the level of job satisfaction among employees.
AN ANALYSIS OF WORKPLACE ENTERTAINMENT AMONG COLLEGE TEACHERS ON WORK ENGAGEMENTIAEME Publication
The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of workplace entertainment on work engagement among college teachers. An empirical study conducted among the 200 college teachers in Tiruchirappalli District, Tamil Nadu. Purposive sampling method under non probability sampling technique was adopted for selecting samples for this study. Questionnaire survey was conducted for data collection. The major findings were workplace entertainment have both positive and negative effect on the work engagement of college teachers. Socialising with co-workers and Personal freedom at work have positive effect on factors like cognitive, emotional and social work engagement while celebration at work has positive effect on emotional work engagement and negative effect on cognitive and social work engagement of teachers. Authorities of colleges are major beneficiary of findings of this study. They will get a clear picture about the current pulse of workers regarding the effects of workplace entertainment on work engagement experienced by the college teachers.
The article discusses the importance of employee engagement for organizational
and business performance through the prism of ergonomics. The issues that are
discussed in this paper comprise the modest contribution that ergonomics as a
discipline has made. The relevance of workplace health and ergonomics work relate
with that of participation, safety culture and further implications for participatory
ergonomics approaches. Based on recently published conceptual framework that
recognises the dynamic and multi-dimensional nature of safety culture, the paper
highlights the due significance demanded by ergonomics and that which is equally
ignored by top management. The paper concludes by considering the much needed
empirical survey on this issue in almost all industries and prompt action being taken
to implement it. Also, the paper gives a glimpse of various approaches for an
empirical study, within an organisation which is noted as important to the success of
ergonomics projects
An empirical investigation of how the unified pay structures affects job perf...Alexander Decker
The document analyzes how a unified pay structure affects job performance in federal teaching hospitals in Nigeria. It conducted a study across 14 major teaching hospitals, surveying 560 health workers. The results found that over 75% of respondents rated job performance as poor under the current unified pay structure. Additionally, over 60% of respondents from each hospital also rated performance as poor. The unified pay structure was found to compensate all health workers the same regardless of competency or performance, failing to link effort to reward. This denies opportunities for achievement and fails to motivate workers. It was concluded that revising the pay structure to better link performance to rewards could improve motivation and job performance among health workers.
INFLUENCE OF DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE ON JOB SATISFACTION: A FOCUS ON EMPLOYEES I...IAEME Publication
Arising from the fact that it has become pertinent to establish a research agenda that can guide managerial efforts ethical conducts that will be perceived as workplace or organizational justice, especially with respect to distributive justice, hence, this research is focused on investigating the influence of distributive justice on employees’ job satisfaction. The descriptive survey research design was used for this study. The sample size for this study included three hundred and twenty-five (325) staff of the Nigerian Ports Authority. Using the multiple regression analysis, the study revealed that that distributive justice has significant influence on employees’ satisfaction. Consequently, the study suggested that deliberate effort should be made to install and run a system whereby distribution of outcomes, particularly financial rewards should be performance based and reviewed at regular intervals in light of prevailing socio-economic circumstances.
Investigating the influence of service training reward system and empowerment...csandit
This document investigates the relationship between service training, reward systems, empowerment, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment among employees of a telecommunications company in Ilam, Iran. It aims to determine if training, rewards, and empowerment positively impact job satisfaction, and if job satisfaction positively impacts organizational commitment. A survey was administered to 190 employees. Results found meaningful relationships between all variables, supporting the hypotheses that training, rewards, and empowerment positively influence job satisfaction, and job satisfaction positively influences organizational commitment. Reward systems and job satisfaction together explained 59% of the variance in organizational commitment.
Role of Work Engagement in Mediating the Effect of Leader Member Exchange on ...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT : Employee performance is an important aspect that must be considered, because employee
performance is the result of work controlled by individual employees and can contribute to the success of the
organization in achieving its goals. This study aims to analyze the effect of LMX and work engagement on
employee performance, the effect of LMX on work engagement and the role of work engagement in mediating
the influence of LMX on the employee performance. The number of respondents used was 89 employees using
the saturated sample method. Data collection was carried out by interviewing, distributing questionnaires and
observations. The data analysis technique used is path analysis and single test. The results of the analysis show
that LMX has a significant positive effect on employee performance and work engagement, work engagement
has a significant positive effect on employee performance and work engagement partially mediates the effect of
LMX on employee performance. The implications in this study provide evidence that work engagement has an
important role because it can strengthen the influence of LMX in organizations to improve employee
performance.
KEYWORDS: leader member exchange, work engagement, employee performance
A Study on Employee Wefare at Sree Chakra in Madurai Literature Reviewijtsrd
Employee welfare means anything done. Employee welfare is an improvement fact of industrial relation giving satisfaction to the worker in this factory. Employee welfare including various services benefits and facilities offered to employee. In this research used to the descriptive research and primary data collected from 90 respondents through questionnaire .then statistical tools is used for chi square, percentage analysis. Employee welfare toward employee satisfaction. Dr. M. Robinson | S. Chitra "A Study on Employee Wefare at Sree Chakra in Madurai Literature Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33076.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/33076/a-study-on-employee-wefare-at-sree-chakra-in-madurai-literature-review/dr-m-robinson
11.impact of hr practices on job satisfaction of university teacher evidence ...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that investigates the relationship between HR practices (compensation, performance evaluation, promotion, and empowerment) and job satisfaction among university teachers in Pakistan. A survey was administered to 100 university teachers. The results found that teacher satisfaction was not predicted by these HR practices, indicating there are other factors influencing satisfaction. The document provides background on job satisfaction in education and reviews literature linking various HR practices to satisfaction. It concludes by outlining four hypotheses predicting positive relationships between each HR practice and teacher job satisfaction.
Impact of hr practices on job satisfaction of university teacher evidence fro...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that investigates the relationship between HR practices (compensation, performance evaluation, promotion, and empowerment) and job satisfaction among university teachers in Pakistan. A survey was administered to 100 university teachers. The results found that teacher satisfaction was not predicted by these HR practices, indicating there are other factors influencing satisfaction. The document provides background on job satisfaction in education and reviews literature linking various HR practices to satisfaction. It concludes by outlining four hypotheses predicting positive relationships between each HR practice and teacher job satisfaction.
An empirical assessment on job satisfaction of public knowledge employees in ...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on job satisfaction among public knowledge employees in Bangladesh. The study surveyed 64 employees from agricultural research institutions and universities. It assessed levels of job satisfaction across 8 dimensions: pay, promotion, security, supervision, benefits & rewards, work ability & operating procedure, co-workers and nature of works. The major finding was that job satisfaction among these public employees was significantly dependent on work motivation and fair treatment. The document provides context on the importance of studying job satisfaction and reviews previous literature on defining and measuring job satisfaction.
Determinants of corporate performance (cp) in public health service organizat...Alexander Decker
This document discusses a study that aims to determine the factors affecting the performance of public health service organizations (PHSOs) in Sri Lanka using the balanced scorecard (BSC) approach. It reviews previous literature on measuring corporate performance in different contexts using factors like patients, key service lines, learning and growth, and resources. The study develops a conceptual model of PHSO performance based on these 4 BSC factors. It then describes the methodology, which includes collecting secondary data through literature review and primary data through questionnaires distributed to employees at selected hospitals to measure 34 identified performance measures. The goal is to analyze the data to identify the key performance factors and develop a mathematical model of PHSO performance.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Staff welfare as an antecedent to service delivery among civil servants in ke...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a research study that examined the relationship between staff welfare and service delivery among civil servants in Nandi County, Kenya. The study used a survey of 350 county employees to assess levels of safety/health services, retirement plans, and flexible scheduling. Statistical analysis found that safety/health and retirement plans had a significant positive relationship with service delivery. Flexible scheduling also had a positive correlation with better service. The researchers concluded that addressing staff welfare issues through these factors could help improve service delivery among civil servants.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The Journal will bring together leading researchers, engineers and scientists in the domain of interest from around the world. Topics of interest for submission include, but are not limited to
This document provides a summary of a research report on job satisfaction among non-managerial healthcare employees in Karachi, Pakistan. The report includes 5 chapters that cover an introduction, literature review, methodology, data analysis and presentation, and conclusions and recommendations. The introduction defines the research problem around absenteeism rates and identifies the objective of studying how physical, psychological and environmental factors impact job satisfaction. The literature review discusses previous research and theories of job satisfaction. The methodology chapter describes how the study was conducted, including the population, sample, data collection and analysis methods.
ACQUIRING EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT TO ACHIEVE HIGH QUALITY OF CARE IN PRIMARY HEAL...JIANGUANGLUNG DANGMEI
Quality of care in the primary health care system of India is poor that often leads to high infant mortality and maternal mortality rate in the rural areas. However, there are strong evidences that demonstrate the importance of employee engagement to quality of care and patient satisfaction in the health care industry. Many health care industries have adopted employee engagement as a strategy to enhance the quality of care. Engaging the employees effectively can overcome the challenges faced by the health care system of India in the years to come and will continue to improve quality of services towards the patients. This paper explores the importance and significances of employee engagement to enhance quality of care in the primary health care of India.
The Relationship between Organizational Justice, Organizational Commitment an...inventionjournals
The current study examines primarily the relationship between organizational justice, organizational commitment, and intention to leave. Investigating if there are gender differences in their levels of organizational justice, organizational commitment and intention to leave the organization is the second objective of this study. Data were collected from 384 health employees of a private hospital in Turkey by related instruments. Consequently, OJ was measured using Niehoff and Moorman’s (1993) scale; Mowday, Steers and Porter’s (1979) scale to measure OB was used and INTL was measured using Bluedorn’s (1982) scale. The reliabilities of the survey instrument was assessed, frequency tests were employed, correlation, regression and independent t-test were made in order to evaluate the relationships between organizational justice, organizational commitment and intention to leave of health employees’. The findings of the study suggest important implications for management theory and practice. The results show that OJ is positively related to OB and negatively related to INTL. OB is negatively related to INTL. As predicted, gender has significant effect on OB, OJ, and INTL. Further, males appear to have a higher OJ and INTL perception, females tend to engage higher OC.
COVID IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT IN AN IT INDUSTRY AND THE REMEDIATION PLANIAEME Publication
This document discusses the impact of COVID-19 on employee engagement in the IT industry and proposes a remediation plan. It identifies factors like professional, personal, emotional, financial, social, economic, and psychological factors that affected employee engagement. It categorizes the levels of impact as critical, high, medium, and low and describes the stages of impact as preliminary, intermediatory, and advanced modes. The document also discusses organizational changes like transitioning to online functioning and infrastructure optimization. Finally, it analyzes changes in employee behavior during the pandemic in terms of advantages like work-life balance and cost savings, and disadvantages like lack of supervision and increased healthcare costs.
The efficacy of retirement plans and flexible scheduling in improving the qua...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that examined the effects of retirement plans and flexible scheduling on service delivery among civil servants in Nandi South, Kenya. A survey of 350 employees found that retirement plans had a significant positive relationship with service delivery, while flexible scheduling was also positively associated with service delivery. Regression analysis confirmed that both retirement plans and flexible scheduling had significant effects on service delivery. The study concluded that implementing retirement plans and policies supporting flexible scheduling can improve service delivery in the public sector.
Effects of Employee Commitment on Academic Performance of Secondary Schools i...paperpublications3
Abstract: Employee commitment always plays a very key role in improving the academic performance. Distinguished performing companies perceive that employee commitment is a premier contributing factor toward maintaining continual success and composing value. A committed employee is participative and energized about their work and performs in an aspect that will progress the organization’s interest. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of employee commitment on academic performance of secondary schools in Elgeyo- Marakwet County. The objectives of the study were: to determine the effect of emotional commitment of the headteacher on school’s academic performance, to establish the effect of normative commitment of the headteacher on school’s academic performance, to examine the effect of continual commitment of the headteacher on school’s academic performance. The study adopted a census case design that entailed having all the headteachers of all the secondary schools in Elgeyo-Marakwet County as the respondents. The three constructs of employee commitment i.e. the normative, emotional and continuous commitment were treated as the independent variable while academic performance was the dependent variable. Data was analyzed using SPSS and both descriptive and inferential statistics was used. Regression was used to construct models that were used to determine the nature of the relationships between the variables of interest. All the hypothesized relationships developed were found to be statistically significant at level p < 0.05 i.e. emotional commitment (r = 0.401, p < 0.000), continual commitment (r = 0.410, p < 0.000), normative commitment (r = 0.273, p < 0.000) were correlated to academic performance significantly and positively. all the organizational commitment constructs of emotional commitment, continual commitment, and normative commitment have significant positive relationship with academic performance (emotional commitment: β=.258, p-value= 0.000; continual commitment: β= .137, p-value= 0.020; normative commitment: β= .056, p-value= 0.044). The results of this study will form the framework for policy making on the issue of organizational commitment and academic performance.
STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING : EMPLOYEE SATISFACTION ASSESSMENT IN THE INDONE...GSA Publishing
Job satisfaction is a persons feelings for the work given to him. The main problem in this research are employee job satisfaction with Indonesia National Shipping Industry. from the results of pre-research shows that there are still many unsatisfied workmen for their work. Factors that affect job satisfaction employees organizational culture, leadership, career development and work motivation.
The research aimed to measure and analyze the influence of organizational culture, leadership, career development and work motivation toward employee job satisfaction. The method used in this study is a sample of 250 respondents, and SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) is used as the data analysis method and the Linear Structural Relationship (LISREL 8.70) program.
The results of this study indicate that: 1). organizational culture, leadership and career development have a positive and significant impact on work motivation. 2) organizational culture, leadership, career development and work motivation have positive and significant effect on job satisfaction.
This research recommends that to improving employees works satisfaction with Indonesias National Shipping Industry, particularly the work itself, which is reflected on the dimensional initiating structure and strengthening of the organizational culture which is reflected by dimension of company regulations and the enhancement of career development which is dimension by management management dimension conducted by the company.
Effect of Job Stress, Benefits and Salary on Employee Job Satisfaction Based ...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
The study aimed to explore the mediating role of work environment with employee job satisfaction, job stress and benefits and salary, to investigate the moderating effects of leadership between work environment and employee job satisfaction. The quantitative and inductive approach was used to collect data for 515 employees. The data was collected through a field survey with a closed-ended questionnaire methodology. The Smart-Partial Least Square (PLS-3.0) was used to analyze structural equation modeling (SEM) for studied variables. Furthermore, findings proved that there is a positive relationship between benefits and salary with employee job satisfaction. The work environment mediates the relationship between Benefits & salary and employee job satisfaction. Here, leadership moderates between work environment and employees' job satisfaction. The job stress has a relationship between employee job satisfaction, whereas, the work environment has a positive effect on job stress. This study assists the executive bodies of the telecommunication sector, how to reduce job stress and raise the level of job satisfaction among employees.
AN ANALYSIS OF WORKPLACE ENTERTAINMENT AMONG COLLEGE TEACHERS ON WORK ENGAGEMENTIAEME Publication
The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of workplace entertainment on work engagement among college teachers. An empirical study conducted among the 200 college teachers in Tiruchirappalli District, Tamil Nadu. Purposive sampling method under non probability sampling technique was adopted for selecting samples for this study. Questionnaire survey was conducted for data collection. The major findings were workplace entertainment have both positive and negative effect on the work engagement of college teachers. Socialising with co-workers and Personal freedom at work have positive effect on factors like cognitive, emotional and social work engagement while celebration at work has positive effect on emotional work engagement and negative effect on cognitive and social work engagement of teachers. Authorities of colleges are major beneficiary of findings of this study. They will get a clear picture about the current pulse of workers regarding the effects of workplace entertainment on work engagement experienced by the college teachers.
The article discusses the importance of employee engagement for organizational
and business performance through the prism of ergonomics. The issues that are
discussed in this paper comprise the modest contribution that ergonomics as a
discipline has made. The relevance of workplace health and ergonomics work relate
with that of participation, safety culture and further implications for participatory
ergonomics approaches. Based on recently published conceptual framework that
recognises the dynamic and multi-dimensional nature of safety culture, the paper
highlights the due significance demanded by ergonomics and that which is equally
ignored by top management. The paper concludes by considering the much needed
empirical survey on this issue in almost all industries and prompt action being taken
to implement it. Also, the paper gives a glimpse of various approaches for an
empirical study, within an organisation which is noted as important to the success of
ergonomics projects
An empirical investigation of how the unified pay structures affects job perf...Alexander Decker
The document analyzes how a unified pay structure affects job performance in federal teaching hospitals in Nigeria. It conducted a study across 14 major teaching hospitals, surveying 560 health workers. The results found that over 75% of respondents rated job performance as poor under the current unified pay structure. Additionally, over 60% of respondents from each hospital also rated performance as poor. The unified pay structure was found to compensate all health workers the same regardless of competency or performance, failing to link effort to reward. This denies opportunities for achievement and fails to motivate workers. It was concluded that revising the pay structure to better link performance to rewards could improve motivation and job performance among health workers.
INFLUENCE OF DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE ON JOB SATISFACTION: A FOCUS ON EMPLOYEES I...IAEME Publication
Arising from the fact that it has become pertinent to establish a research agenda that can guide managerial efforts ethical conducts that will be perceived as workplace or organizational justice, especially with respect to distributive justice, hence, this research is focused on investigating the influence of distributive justice on employees’ job satisfaction. The descriptive survey research design was used for this study. The sample size for this study included three hundred and twenty-five (325) staff of the Nigerian Ports Authority. Using the multiple regression analysis, the study revealed that that distributive justice has significant influence on employees’ satisfaction. Consequently, the study suggested that deliberate effort should be made to install and run a system whereby distribution of outcomes, particularly financial rewards should be performance based and reviewed at regular intervals in light of prevailing socio-economic circumstances.
Investigating the influence of service training reward system and empowerment...csandit
This document investigates the relationship between service training, reward systems, empowerment, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment among employees of a telecommunications company in Ilam, Iran. It aims to determine if training, rewards, and empowerment positively impact job satisfaction, and if job satisfaction positively impacts organizational commitment. A survey was administered to 190 employees. Results found meaningful relationships between all variables, supporting the hypotheses that training, rewards, and empowerment positively influence job satisfaction, and job satisfaction positively influences organizational commitment. Reward systems and job satisfaction together explained 59% of the variance in organizational commitment.
Role of Work Engagement in Mediating the Effect of Leader Member Exchange on ...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT : Employee performance is an important aspect that must be considered, because employee
performance is the result of work controlled by individual employees and can contribute to the success of the
organization in achieving its goals. This study aims to analyze the effect of LMX and work engagement on
employee performance, the effect of LMX on work engagement and the role of work engagement in mediating
the influence of LMX on the employee performance. The number of respondents used was 89 employees using
the saturated sample method. Data collection was carried out by interviewing, distributing questionnaires and
observations. The data analysis technique used is path analysis and single test. The results of the analysis show
that LMX has a significant positive effect on employee performance and work engagement, work engagement
has a significant positive effect on employee performance and work engagement partially mediates the effect of
LMX on employee performance. The implications in this study provide evidence that work engagement has an
important role because it can strengthen the influence of LMX in organizations to improve employee
performance.
KEYWORDS: leader member exchange, work engagement, employee performance
A Study on Employee Wefare at Sree Chakra in Madurai Literature Reviewijtsrd
Employee welfare means anything done. Employee welfare is an improvement fact of industrial relation giving satisfaction to the worker in this factory. Employee welfare including various services benefits and facilities offered to employee. In this research used to the descriptive research and primary data collected from 90 respondents through questionnaire .then statistical tools is used for chi square, percentage analysis. Employee welfare toward employee satisfaction. Dr. M. Robinson | S. Chitra "A Study on Employee Wefare at Sree Chakra in Madurai Literature Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33076.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/33076/a-study-on-employee-wefare-at-sree-chakra-in-madurai-literature-review/dr-m-robinson
11.impact of hr practices on job satisfaction of university teacher evidence ...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that investigates the relationship between HR practices (compensation, performance evaluation, promotion, and empowerment) and job satisfaction among university teachers in Pakistan. A survey was administered to 100 university teachers. The results found that teacher satisfaction was not predicted by these HR practices, indicating there are other factors influencing satisfaction. The document provides background on job satisfaction in education and reviews literature linking various HR practices to satisfaction. It concludes by outlining four hypotheses predicting positive relationships between each HR practice and teacher job satisfaction.
Impact of hr practices on job satisfaction of university teacher evidence fro...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that investigates the relationship between HR practices (compensation, performance evaluation, promotion, and empowerment) and job satisfaction among university teachers in Pakistan. A survey was administered to 100 university teachers. The results found that teacher satisfaction was not predicted by these HR practices, indicating there are other factors influencing satisfaction. The document provides background on job satisfaction in education and reviews literature linking various HR practices to satisfaction. It concludes by outlining four hypotheses predicting positive relationships between each HR practice and teacher job satisfaction.
An empirical assessment on job satisfaction of public knowledge employees in ...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on job satisfaction among public knowledge employees in Bangladesh. The study surveyed 64 employees from agricultural research institutions and universities. It assessed levels of job satisfaction across 8 dimensions: pay, promotion, security, supervision, benefits & rewards, work ability & operating procedure, co-workers and nature of works. The major finding was that job satisfaction among these public employees was significantly dependent on work motivation and fair treatment. The document provides context on the importance of studying job satisfaction and reviews previous literature on defining and measuring job satisfaction.
Determinants of corporate performance (cp) in public health service organizat...Alexander Decker
This document discusses a study that aims to determine the factors affecting the performance of public health service organizations (PHSOs) in Sri Lanka using the balanced scorecard (BSC) approach. It reviews previous literature on measuring corporate performance in different contexts using factors like patients, key service lines, learning and growth, and resources. The study develops a conceptual model of PHSO performance based on these 4 BSC factors. It then describes the methodology, which includes collecting secondary data through literature review and primary data through questionnaires distributed to employees at selected hospitals to measure 34 identified performance measures. The goal is to analyze the data to identify the key performance factors and develop a mathematical model of PHSO performance.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Staff welfare as an antecedent to service delivery among civil servants in ke...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a research study that examined the relationship between staff welfare and service delivery among civil servants in Nandi County, Kenya. The study used a survey of 350 county employees to assess levels of safety/health services, retirement plans, and flexible scheduling. Statistical analysis found that safety/health and retirement plans had a significant positive relationship with service delivery. Flexible scheduling also had a positive correlation with better service. The researchers concluded that addressing staff welfare issues through these factors could help improve service delivery among civil servants.
Job satisfaction of employees of public and private organizations in BangladeshPremier Publishers
This study examined the level of job satisfaction among the employees ofprivate and public organizations in Bangladesh. Data have been collected randomly from 40employees of Gaibandha District in Bangladesh through a structured questionnairein January to February, 2010. Among the respondents 50% is government employee while 50% is non-government employee. Brayfield and Rothe (1951) method was used to determine the job satisfaction of the employees. Likert scale was used for measuring the attitude of the employees on their job. This research revealed that there was no significant difference between the job satisfaction of government and non-government employees. The study suggests that an effective policy on recruitment, job security, service rules, promotional opportunities, regular payments, retirements’ benefits should be made by the government to improve the job satisfaction and attitude of employees in both government and non-government employees.
Flexible scheduling, retirement plans and service delivery amongAlexander Decker
This study examined the effects of flexible scheduling and retirement plans on service delivery among civil servants in Nandi South, Kenya. A survey of 350 employees found that retirement plans had a significant positive relationship with service delivery. Flexible scheduling was also positively associated with service delivery. Regression analysis confirmed that both retirement plans and flexible scheduling significantly predicted levels of service delivery. The study concluded that flexible scheduling and adequate retirement plans enhance service delivery by civil servants.
AN ANALYSIS ON THE DETERMINANTS OF QUALITY OF WORK LIFE AND EMPLOYEE TURNOVER...IAEME Publication
The document analyzes the determinants of quality of work life and employee turnover among nurses in private hospitals in Coimbatore, India. It examines the opinions of 200 sample nurses on their quality of work life and intention to leave their organizations. The study finds that the sample nurses have expressed dissatisfaction with the quality of work life in their organizations. It analyzes eight dimensions that determine quality of work life, including compensation, working conditions, opportunities at work, and work-life balance. The study aims to understand how socioeconomic factors and quality of work life dimensions influence nurses' turnover intentions.
Abstract— If job satisfaction is there in employees, work done by these employees is usually of better quality in comparison where the employees are not satisfied with their jobe. So this study to assess job satisfaction and influence of demographic variables on job satisfaction, this study was carried out on 105 doctors of teaching hospitals. Questionnaire method of data collection was adopted. Job satisfaction was measured by six domains: Organizational functioning, Interpersonal relationship, Financial incentives, Non-financial incentives, Physical facilities and Working conditions. Study observed that over all, doctors were moderately satisfied with their job. Domains such as Interpersonal relationship and Working conditions, doctors were highly satisfied, whereas rest of the domains: Organizational functioning, Financial incentives, Non-financial incentives, and Physical facilities doctors were moderately satisfied. It is important to note that even though overall satisfaction is moderate, there were few components, where doctors were highly satisfied were - Communication system between patients and doctors, Involvement in decision making in the department, Rules and regulations of the institution, relationship between the department colleagues and other department colleagues, Provision for leave encashment, reward given for research work, workload of clinical aspect and workload of teaching aspect. Age and sex both shown significant association on level of satisfaction where as experience, designation and marital status of the doctors have not shown significant association.
This document summarizes a study on job satisfaction among nurses in private hospitals in Kerala, India. The study used a questionnaire to collect data from 200 nurse samples on factors like age, sex, experience and levels of job satisfaction. Statistical analysis found that the majority of nurses were moderately satisfied. It also found that age, sex and experience had a significant relationship with job satisfaction. The study concluded it is important to address factors hindering job satisfaction to help ensure high quality healthcare.
Employer Work & Life Balance Policies and its impacty on Employee PerformanceHussain Mumtaz
This document outlines a thesis proposal on the relationship between employee trust in employer work-life balance policies and employee performance. The study will quantitatively examine how elements of trust (ability, benevolence, integrity), leave policies, well-being policies, and flexible work arrangements impact performance in the private banking sector of Pakistan. Surveys will be used to collect data, which will be analyzed using statistical methods like regression to test hypotheses about the effects of work-life balance policies on reducing conflict and improving attitudes, attendance, and productivity.
This document summarizes a study that assessed healthcare workers' perceptions of institutional structure and leadership in two hospitals in Ethiopia. A survey of 204 healthcare workers at the hospitals found:
1) The overall perception of institutional structure was 37.2% positive and the overall perception of leadership was 31.6% positive, indicating low levels of positive perception.
2) About 59.3% perceived their hospital did not emphasize quality of service enough and 69.6% perceived inadequate facilities.
3) Educational status and place of work were associated with perceptions of institutional structure. Position was the only predictor of perceptions of leadership.
4) Given the low overall positive perceptions, the study recommends promoting workers based on performance
This study examined the moderating effect of employees' growth need strength on the relationship between job characteristics and job satisfaction among bank employees in Sri Lanka. Survey data was collected from 62 bank staff measuring their perceptions of job characteristics, growth need strength, and job satisfaction. Hypotheses were tested using correlation and regression analysis. While job characteristics were positively related to job satisfaction, employees' growth need strength did not significantly influence this relationship. However, growth need strength was found to positively predict job satisfaction levels. The study provides insights into how growth motivation impacts satisfaction among bank employees in Sri Lanka.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI)inventionjournals
The document discusses a study on the significance of general well-being of IT professionals in India. Through a survey of 826 IT professionals, the study identified three key factors that influence general well-being: physical health, depressive symptoms, and work stress. Physical health was positively correlated with both depressive symptoms and work stress. Depressive symptoms were also positively correlated with work stress. The study concludes that understanding these influencing factors is important for developing training and workplace initiatives to promote employee well-being in the IT industry.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
This document summarizes a study on job satisfaction among employees of SIDCO (State Industries Promotion Corporation) in Tamil Nadu, India. The study surveyed 254 employees across SIDCO units. It found that most employees were aged 18-36, had nuclear families of 3 or fewer members, lived in urban areas, earned Rs. 20,001-30,000 monthly, and had 0-20 years of experience. The study aimed to understand factors influencing job satisfaction and differences by socioeconomic characteristics. It used questionnaires and statistical analysis to assess relationships between job satisfaction, quality of work life, organizational culture, and employee performance.
This document summarizes a research study on the relationship between employee engagement, employee performance, and core self-evaluation in the health sector of Punjab, Pakistan. The study found:
1) Core self-evaluation fully mediated the relationship between employee engagement and task performance, as well as the relationship between employee engagement and organizational citizenship behavior directed at individuals.
2) Core self-evaluation partially mediated the relationship between employee engagement and organizational citizenship behavior directed at the organization.
3) Structural equation modeling indicated a good fit between the proposed mediation models and the data. Regression and mediation tests supported all hypotheses, showing core self-evaluation's mediating role in improving employee performance through engagement.
2. hapzi ali, et al., 2016, model of employee performance, ijer, mercu buana ...Hapzi Ali
This document summarizes a research study on factors that influence the performance of civil servants in the West Java provincial government in Indonesia. The study found that organizational culture, organizational climate, and leadership style positively and significantly impact organizational commitment, explaining 55% of the variance in commitment. These three factors also positively and significantly impact employee performance, explaining 80% of the variance. Organizational commitment was found to be the most dominant individual influence on employee performance. The research concludes that improving organizational culture, climate, leadership and commitment can help increase the performance of civil servants.
Hapzi ali et al., model of employee performance, mercu buana university, jaka...Hapzi Ali
This document summarizes a research study on factors that influence the performance of civil servants in the government of West Java Province, Indonesia. The study found that organizational culture, organizational climate, and leadership style positively and significantly impact organizational commitment, explaining 55% of the variance in commitment. These three factors also positively and significantly impact employee performance, explaining 80% of the variance. Organizational commitment was found to be the most dominant individual influence on employee performance. The study aims to provide empirical evidence on how improving these factors can increase civil servant performance.
This study assessed job satisfaction among 97 pharmacy professionals in Southwest Ethiopia. Over half (60.8%) reported being satisfied with their job due to helping patients and professional gratification. However, more than one third (39.2%) were dissatisfied mainly due to inadequate salary, poor interaction with healthcare teams, lack of motivation and training, and poor infrastructure. The study aimed to evaluate job satisfaction and factors influencing it among pharmacy workers in the region, which is important for improving healthcare quality and outcomes. A survey was administered from June to July 2011 across multiple towns.
This study examined the relationship between the functional capacity (physical and mental abilities) of 102 retired part-time workers in higher education institutions in the Philippines and their job competence. The workers were surveyed about their physical and mental health using validated scales. Their job performance was also evaluated using a standard performance evaluation form completed by students. Statistical analysis found that the retired workers had satisfactory job performance and high physical and mental capacities. A positive association was found between the retired workers' physical and mental functioning and their job competence. Maintaining physical and mental health is important for high quality work even after retirement.
Similar to Determinants of employee satisfaction (es) in public health service organizations (phso) in eastern province of sri lanka a pilot study (20)
Abnormalities of hormones and inflammatory cytokines in women affected with p...Alexander Decker
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have elevated levels of hormones like luteinizing hormone and testosterone, as well as higher levels of insulin and insulin resistance compared to healthy women. They also have increased levels of inflammatory markers like C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and leptin. This study found these abnormalities in the hormones and inflammatory cytokines of women with PCOS ages 23-40, indicating that hormone imbalances associated with insulin resistance and elevated inflammatory markers may worsen infertility in women with PCOS.
A usability evaluation framework for b2 c e commerce websitesAlexander Decker
This document presents a framework for evaluating the usability of B2C e-commerce websites. It involves user testing methods like usability testing and interviews to identify usability problems in areas like navigation, design, purchasing processes, and customer service. The framework specifies goals for the evaluation, determines which website aspects to evaluate, and identifies target users. It then describes collecting data through user testing and analyzing the results to identify usability problems and suggest improvements.
A universal model for managing the marketing executives in nigerian banksAlexander Decker
This document discusses a study that aimed to synthesize motivation theories into a universal model for managing marketing executives in Nigerian banks. The study was guided by Maslow and McGregor's theories. A sample of 303 marketing executives was used. The results showed that managers will be most effective at motivating marketing executives if they consider individual needs and create challenging but attainable goals. The emerged model suggests managers should provide job satisfaction by tailoring assignments to abilities and monitoring performance with feedback. This addresses confusion faced by Nigerian bank managers in determining effective motivation strategies.
A unique common fixed point theorems in generalized dAlexander Decker
This document presents definitions and properties related to generalized D*-metric spaces and establishes some common fixed point theorems for contractive type mappings in these spaces. It begins by introducing D*-metric spaces and generalized D*-metric spaces, defines concepts like convergence and Cauchy sequences. It presents lemmas showing the uniqueness of limits in these spaces and the equivalence of different definitions of convergence. The goal of the paper is then stated as obtaining a unique common fixed point theorem for generalized D*-metric spaces.
A trends of salmonella and antibiotic resistanceAlexander Decker
This document provides a review of trends in Salmonella and antibiotic resistance. It begins with an introduction to Salmonella as a facultative anaerobe that causes nontyphoidal salmonellosis. The emergence of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella is then discussed. The document proceeds to cover the historical perspective and classification of Salmonella, definitions of antimicrobials and antibiotic resistance, and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella including modification or destruction of antimicrobial agents, efflux pumps, modification of antibiotic targets, and decreased membrane permeability. Specific resistance mechanisms are discussed for several classes of antimicrobials.
A transformational generative approach towards understanding al-istifhamAlexander Decker
This document discusses a transformational-generative approach to understanding Al-Istifham, which refers to interrogative sentences in Arabic. It begins with an introduction to the origin and development of Arabic grammar. The paper then explains the theoretical framework of transformational-generative grammar that is used. Basic linguistic concepts and terms related to Arabic grammar are defined. The document analyzes how interrogative sentences in Arabic can be derived and transformed via tools from transformational-generative grammar, categorizing Al-Istifham into linguistic and literary questions.
A time series analysis of the determinants of savings in namibiaAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the determinants of savings in Namibia from 1991 to 2012. It reviews previous literature on savings determinants in developing countries. The study uses time series analysis including unit root tests, cointegration, and error correction models to analyze the relationship between savings and variables like income, inflation, population growth, deposit rates, and financial deepening in Namibia. The results found inflation and income have a positive impact on savings, while population growth negatively impacts savings. Deposit rates and financial deepening were found to have no significant impact. The study reinforces previous work and emphasizes the importance of improving income levels to achieve higher savings rates in Namibia.
A therapy for physical and mental fitness of school childrenAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the importance of exercise in maintaining physical and mental fitness for school children. It discusses how physical and mental fitness are developed through participation in regular physical exercises and cannot be achieved solely through classroom learning. The document outlines different types and components of fitness and argues that developing fitness should be a key objective of education systems. It recommends that schools ensure pupils engage in graded physical activities and exercises to support their overall development.
A theory of efficiency for managing the marketing executives in nigerian banksAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study examining efficiency in managing marketing executives in Nigerian banks. The study was examined through the lenses of Kaizen theory (continuous improvement) and efficiency theory. A survey of 303 marketing executives from Nigerian banks found that management plays a key role in identifying and implementing efficiency improvements. The document recommends adopting a "3H grand strategy" to improve the heads, hearts, and hands of management and marketing executives by enhancing their knowledge, attitudes, and tools.
This document discusses evaluating the link budget for effective 900MHz GSM communication. It describes the basic parameters needed for a high-level link budget calculation, including transmitter power, antenna gains, path loss, and propagation models. Common propagation models for 900MHz that are described include Okumura model for urban areas and Hata model for urban, suburban, and open areas. Rain attenuation is also incorporated using the updated ITU model to improve communication during rainfall.
A synthetic review of contraceptive supplies in punjabAlexander Decker
This document discusses contraceptive use in Punjab, Pakistan. It begins by providing background on the benefits of family planning and contraceptive use for maternal and child health. It then analyzes contraceptive commodity data from Punjab, finding that use is still low despite efforts to improve access. The document concludes by emphasizing the need for strategies to bridge gaps and meet the unmet need for effective and affordable contraceptive methods and supplies in Punjab in order to improve health outcomes.
A synthesis of taylor’s and fayol’s management approaches for managing market...Alexander Decker
1) The document discusses synthesizing Taylor's scientific management approach and Fayol's process management approach to identify an effective way to manage marketing executives in Nigerian banks.
2) It reviews Taylor's emphasis on efficiency and breaking tasks into small parts, and Fayol's focus on developing general management principles.
3) The study administered a survey to 303 marketing executives in Nigerian banks to test if combining elements of Taylor and Fayol's approaches would help manage their performance through clear roles, accountability, and motivation. Statistical analysis supported combining the two approaches.
A survey paper on sequence pattern mining with incrementalAlexander Decker
This document summarizes four algorithms for sequential pattern mining: GSP, ISM, FreeSpan, and PrefixSpan. GSP is an Apriori-based algorithm that incorporates time constraints. ISM extends SPADE to incrementally update patterns after database changes. FreeSpan uses frequent items to recursively project databases and grow subsequences. PrefixSpan also uses projection but claims to not require candidate generation. It recursively projects databases based on short prefix patterns. The document concludes by stating the goal was to find an efficient scheme for extracting sequential patterns from transactional datasets.
A survey on live virtual machine migrations and its techniquesAlexander Decker
This document summarizes several techniques for live virtual machine migration in cloud computing. It discusses works that have proposed affinity-aware migration models to improve resource utilization, energy efficient migration approaches using storage migration and live VM migration, and a dynamic consolidation technique using migration control to avoid unnecessary migrations. The document also summarizes works that have designed methods to minimize migration downtime and network traffic, proposed a resource reservation framework for efficient migration of multiple VMs, and addressed real-time issues in live migration. Finally, it provides a table summarizing the techniques, tools used, and potential future work or gaps identified for each discussed work.
A survey on data mining and analysis in hadoop and mongo dbAlexander Decker
This document discusses data mining of big data using Hadoop and MongoDB. It provides an overview of Hadoop and MongoDB and their uses in big data analysis. Specifically, it proposes using Hadoop for distributed processing and MongoDB for data storage and input. The document reviews several related works that discuss big data analysis using these tools, as well as their capabilities for scalable data storage and mining. It aims to improve computational time and fault tolerance for big data analysis by mining data stored in Hadoop using MongoDB and MapReduce.
1. The document discusses several challenges for integrating media with cloud computing including media content convergence, scalability and expandability, finding appropriate applications, and reliability.
2. Media content convergence challenges include dealing with the heterogeneity of media types, services, networks, devices, and quality of service requirements as well as integrating technologies used by media providers and consumers.
3. Scalability and expandability challenges involve adapting to the increasing volume of media content and being able to support new media formats and outlets over time.
This document surveys trust architectures that leverage provenance in wireless sensor networks. It begins with background on provenance, which refers to the documented history or derivation of data. Provenance can be used to assess trust by providing metadata about how data was processed. The document then discusses challenges for using provenance to establish trust in wireless sensor networks, which have constraints on energy and computation. Finally, it provides background on trust, which is the subjective probability that a node will behave dependably. Trust architectures need to be lightweight to account for the constraints of wireless sensor networks.
This document discusses private equity investments in Kenya. It provides background on private equity and discusses trends in various regions. The objectives of the study discussed are to establish the extent of private equity adoption in Kenya, identify common forms of private equity utilized, and determine typical exit strategies. Private equity can involve venture capital, leveraged buyouts, or mezzanine financing. Exits allow recycling of capital into new opportunities. The document provides context on private equity globally and in developing markets like Africa to frame the goals of the study.
This document discusses a study that analyzes the financial health of the Indian logistics industry from 2005-2012 using Altman's Z-score model. The study finds that the average Z-score for selected logistics firms was in the healthy to very healthy range during the study period. The average Z-score increased from 2006 to 2010 when the Indian economy was hit by the global recession, indicating the overall performance of the Indian logistics industry was good. The document reviews previous literature on measuring financial performance and distress using ratios and Z-scores, and outlines the objectives and methodology used in the current study.
Prepare for cold weather rafting with proper gear: layering for warmth, insulated headgear, gloves, waterproof footwear, and essential accessories like sunglasses and sunscreen. Prioritize safety with a life jacket and maintain gear for optimal performance. Stay warm, dry, and ready for adventure on the rapids!
Our Bahrain Visa PowerPoint Presentation offers a detailed and comprehensive guide to the Bahrain visa application process. It is designed to assist travelers, travel agents, and businesses in navigating the various visa types, including tourist, business, work, student, and family visas. Each section provides an in-depth look at eligibility criteria, required documents, and step-by-step application procedures. Additionally, the presentation includes valuable tips for avoiding common application mistakes, an overview of processing times, and details on fees and payment methods. This presentation aims to ensure a smooth and successful visa application experience, making travel to Bahrain as seamless as possible.
Sicily's Coastal Charms: Discovering the Top 5 Beaches on the IslandTime for Sicily
Nestled in the azure embrace of the Mediterranean, Sicily boasts a coastline dotted with breathtaking beaches. From secluded coves to lively shores, each offers a unique slice of paradise. Among the island's gems, Mondello Beach entices with its golden sands and crystal-clear waters, while San Vito Lo Capo enchants visitors with its powdery shores framed by rugged cliffs. For a taste of history and natural beauty, Scala dei Turchi beckons with its striking white cliffs, while Isola Bella captivates with its picturesque islet setting. Sicily's coastal charms await exploration, promising unforgettable seaside adventures. For more information, visit the website https://timeforsicily.com/the-top-5-beaches-in-sicily-for-this-summer/
What Outdoor Adventures Await Young Adults in Montreal's Surrounding NatureSpade & Palacio Tours
Experience Montreal's vibrant culture and thrilling outdoor adventures. From hiking scenic trails at Mont-Saint-Bruno to kayaking the Saint Lawrence River, there's something for every adventurous young adult. Explore street art, camp under the stars, and immerse yourself in nature's beauty just beyond the city's bustling streets.
You can easily change/correct a name on your flight ticket under the American Airlines name change policy. The airline provides multiple online and offline modes to place a name change request. To learn more about how to change a name on American Airlines ticket, you can directly approach the airline’s customer support. Moreover, you can connect with a flight expert at +1-866-738-0741 for quick assistance.
jaipur metro: stations, timings and latest newsnarinav14
Jaipur Metro, a significant development in the realm of urban transportation, has transformed the way residents and visitors navigate the Pink City. Inaugurated in 2015, the metro system has steadily expanded, providing a fast, efficient, and eco-friendly mode of transport
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Determinants of employee satisfaction (es) in public health service organizations (phso) in eastern province of sri lanka a pilot study
1. European Journal of Business and Management
www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1905 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2839 (Online)
Vol.5, No.21, 2013
Determinants of Employee Satisfaction (ES) in Public Health
Service Organizations (PHSO) in Eastern Province of Sri Lanka:
A Pilot Study
Ismail, M. B. M., Ph. D. Research Scholar, Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Jaffna, Sri Lanka,
mbmismail1974@gmail.com, 0094 77 69 444 77.
Prof.(Dr). Velnampy, T., Dean/ Faculty of Management Studies & Commerce, University of Jaffna, Sri Lanka,
tvnampy@yahoo.co.in, 0094 777 44 83 52
Abstract
Employee satisfaction in public health service organizations is meeting the expectations of employees with
respect to psychological, structural and environmental factors. Many authors have studied employee satisfaction
in different context in different organizations. This study tries to determine factors affecting employee
satisfaction in PHSOs; to know the reliability and validity of items & factors and to create a mathematical
equation model. Data are collected in both secondary and primary sources. Researcher collected 41 from
employee satisfaction in public health service organisations’ performance during the period of 2012 to 1996.
Primary data have been collected using questionnaire. Since this is a pilot study researcher selected only 100
hospital employees out of 3 selected government hospitals in Addalaichenai Divisional Secretariat of Ampara
District. Collected questionnaires have been analysed by a factor analysis and regression analysis. Results found
that environmental, psychological and structural factors have been factors have been identified as determinants
of employee satisfaction in public health service organizations. Values of Cronbach alpha for items in
environmental factor, psychological factor and structural factor are 0.961, 0.807 and 0.928. It shows the
existence of high reliability among items of these factors. KMO is used to know the statistical validity of factors.
In this study, values of KMO environmental factor, psychological factor and structural factor are 0.750, 0.598
and 0.698 respectively. Log log model is the best fitted model than linear models. In terms of this model,
environmental, psychological and structural factor explain around 93% of total variation for employee
satisfaction.
Keywords: Employee satisfaction, Public Health Service Organizations, Eastern Province, Sri Lanka.
1. Introduction
Eastern Province (EP) of Sri Lanka consists of three cardinal districts such as Ampara, Batticaloa and
Trincomalee. Public health service organisations (PHSO) are all sorts of government medical institutions (GMIs)
that are government hospitals (GHs). Heathfield (2012) defines employee satisfaction is one way to assess
whether employees are happy at work. Employee satisfaction is often measured by surveys. Employee
satisfaction is important to employers. He stated that factors contributing to employee satisfaction include
treating employees with respect, providing regular employee recognition, empowering employees, offering
above industry-average benefits and compensation, providing employee perks and company activities, and
positive management within a success framework of goals, measurements, and expectations. Job satisfaction
experienced by employees will include the people to give their best to the organization (Velnampy,
2008). Employee satisfaction is the satisfaction of hospital employees or health personnel (HP) or health staff
(HS). Hospital employees can be satisfied by way of environmental, psychological and social needs. The
population of Sri Lanka in 2003 was estimated at 19.25 million. The annual population growth rate was reduced
to its current 1.3% level with an increase in Life Expectancy at birth. Sri Lanka is aging rapidly (Department of
Census & Statistics, 2001). It is projected that by 2020, 20% of Sri Lanka’s population will be 60 years of age or
over, while the proportion in the young age group is decreasing. Hospital employees should be satisfied for
making performance of PHSOs in Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka’s progress in health and social development can be seen
in the vital health outcomes. The Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) has declined steadily since the beginning of the
last century (11.2 per 1,000 live births – 2003) while the Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) steadily declined until
1992 but remained stagnant thereafter (47 per 100,000 live births – 2001). However, there was significant district
variation in IMR and MMR. Batticaloa and Trincomalee of Eastern Province were among the top ten in maternal
deaths in Island. Batticaloa, Trincomalee and Ampara of Eastern Province had 116.1, 60.3 and 31.8 maternal
deaths per 100, 000 live births during the past (World Health Organization, 2006). In order to control these
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ISSN 2222-1905 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2839 (Online)
Vol.5, No.21, 2013
health and social conditions, performance of hospitals should be increased. When hospital staff are satisfied it is
possible to get high performance of government hospitals.
2. Statement of Problem
Research problem is stated by empirical review of literatures. Previous studies related to employee satisfaction
were reviewed. Choi, Flynn and Aiken (2012) studied about nursing practice environment and registered nurses’
job satisfaction in nursing homes. They concluded that a supportive practice environment is significantly
associated with higher job satisfaction among RNs working in nursing homes. Unlike other nursing home
characteristics, specific dimensions of the nursing practice environment should be modified through
administrative actions to enhance RN job satisfaction. Grissom, Nicholson-Crotty and Keiser (2012) studied
about whether boss's gender is important for explaining job satisfaction and employee turnover in the public
sector. They also found important effects of gender support which appear to be driven by lower satisfaction and
greater turnover among male teachers with female principals. Wickramasinghe and Wickramasinghe (2012)
studied the effects of perceived organisational support on participation in decision making (PDM), affective
commitment and job satisfaction in lean production in Sri Lanka. It was found that POS moderates the
relationship between PDM and affective commitment, and PDM and job satisfaction. Samaranayake and
Gamage (2012) studied about employee perception towards electronic monitoring at work place and its impact
on job satisfaction of software professionals in Sri Lanka. The findings of this research suggested that IT security
policy making in the software development organizations in Sri Lanka and in similar economics, with a special
emphasis on the job satisfaction of their employees, which is the most valuable asset of the organization. These
studies have been carried out in different contexts, in different countries and in different periods. Findings of
these studies are also different. Factors identified these studies also different. Therefore this study is undertaken
in the performance of public health service organization specially, in government hospitals in Eastern Province
of Sri Lanka during the period of 2011 to 2014.
2.1 Research questions and objectives
Empirical review of literatures of previous studies confirms that research issue exists on determinants of
employee satisfaction in public health service organization i.e. government hospitals. This main research issue is
cascaded into three sub research questions. They are; first is what factors influence employee satisfaction in
public health service organizations. Second is whether these items & factors are reliable and valid?. Third is it
possible to create a mathematical equation model. These three research questions are converted into research
objectives. They are; first is to determine factors affecting employee satisfaction in PHSOs. Second is to know
the reliability and validity of items & factors. Third is to create a mathematical equation model.
3. Significances of the research
This study signifies in various ways. First, Employee satisfaction is important to employees for organizations for
several reasons. First, employee satisfaction plays vital role in health organizations. Second, it creates employee
satisfaction and loyal customers. For instance, Costen and Salazar (2011) studied the impact of training and
development on employee job satisfaction, loyalty, and intent to stay in the lodging industry in the United States.
They concluded that opportunity for new skills is important to employees for satisfying them in their job.
Satisfaction leads to loyalty for organizations. Third, it provides job enrichment, employee satisfaction,
motivation, job involvement and increased performance. Fourth, it promotes job characteristics, satisfaction and
motivation. Fifth, employee satisfaction generates committed employees and reduced employee turnover. For
example, Previous studies of employee satisfaction are reviewed. Han and Jekel (2011) concluded that nurse
managers can try to cultivate a good relationship with the nurses for enhancing nurses’ job satisfaction and in
turn lower their turnover intentions. Employees are satisfied they are in turn contribute to the higher performance
of government hospitals. Government hospitals may in turn render better services to patients continuously. Sixth,
there are few articles in employee satisfaction specially in government hospitals in Sri Lanka. This research is in
the context of employee satisfaction in Government Medical Institutes in Eastern Province of Sri Lanka. Thus,
this research fills the literature gap.
4. Review of Literature
Previous studies of employee satisfaction are reviewed. Han and Jekel (2011) studied the mediating role of job
satisfaction between leader-member exchange and turnover intentions. This is a cross-sectional survey study.
Data were collected in a US hospital. Results showed that higher leader-member exchange was associated with
lower turnover intentions (β = −0.41, P < 0.001). Leader-member exchange was positively related to one’s job
satisfaction (β = 0.50, P < 0.001). Job satisfaction was negatively related to turnover intentions (β = −0.64, P <
0.001). When leader-member exchange and job satisfaction were both controlled for, the link between leadermember exchange and turnover intentions was no longer significant (β = −0.12, P > 0.05). It was concluded that
job satisfaction mediates the link between leader-member exchange and turnover intentions. Hann, Reeves and
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Sibbald (2011) studied the relationships between job satisfaction, intentions to leave family practice and actually
leaving among family physicians in England. A national survey of family physicians working in the national
health service (NHS) of England in 2001 revealed that 1/10 under 50 years of age were intending to leave direct
patient care within 5 years, and that the principal predictor of their intention to leave was job satisfaction. Results
revealed that of the 1174 family physicians studied, 194 (16.5%) had left direct patient care within 5 years.
Multivariate regression showed that job satisfaction predicted a physician’s intention to leave direct patient care
and that intention to leave predicted actually leaving. Logically, job satisfaction should then have predicted
actual leaving. However, their findings suggest that this is only partly true. It is concluded that although higher
levels of job ‘dissatisfaction’ were associated with an increased likelihood of leaving, higher levels of job
‘satisfaction’ did not prevent leaving. Wickramasinghe and Gamage (2011) studied about high-involvement
work practices, quality results, and the role of HR function. It was an exploratory study of manufacturing firms
in Sri Lanka. Correlation and regression were used for the data analysis. Findings showed that team work,
communication, performance evaluation, empowerment, rewards and recognition, and skill development
practices significantly positively correlate with quality results. Sledge, Miles, Maartje and Sambeek (2011)
studied about a comparison of employee job satisfaction in the service industry in the United States. This
research incorporates Hackman and Oldham’s Job Diagnostic Survey and Hofstede’s dimensions of culture in a
study of employees in the global services industry. The job diagnostic survey (JDS) is an instrument designed to
measure variables such as objective job characteristics, particularly the degree to which jobs are designed so that
they enhance work motivation and job satisfaction; personnel affective reactions of individuals to their jobs and
work setting; the readiness of individuals to respond positively to "enriched" jobs--jobs with high potential for
generating internal work motivation. Hofstede five dimensions are power distance, uncertainty avoidance,
masculinity vs. femininity, individualism vs. collectivism and long vs. short term orientation. Literature review
identified factors for performance of public health service organization. Factors for employee satisfaction in
public health service organizations environmental, psychological and structural factors. Velnampy(2006) in his
study revealed that incentives have a significant effect on employees’motivation.
5. Conceptual model
A conceptual model has been created by researcher using identified factors for hospital employee satisfaction.
This model can be justified by several reasons. This model is a result of detailed and thorough literature review.
Factors and measures have been taken from well- known, widely used and generally accepted models. Employee
satisfaction is based on content and process theories of motivation. This conceptual model is shown in figure 1.
Figure 1: Conceptual model for performance of public health service organisation
6. Operationalisation of study
Operationalisation for employee satisfaction in public health service organizations is shown in table 1.
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Table 1: Operationalisation for employee satisfaction
Concept
Factors
Environmental
factors
Employee
satisfaction
Psychological factors
Structural factors
Measures
Early opportunity to job, work environment,
working environment, social environment and
participative environment
Positive attitude, negative attitude, assertiveness,
agreeableness and workload
Work autonomy, work stress, supervisory/ career
support, job
security,
realization
(selfactualisation),
pay,
promotional
chances,
distributive justice and flexi-time
Number
measures
05
of
05
09
(Source: Literature review)
7. Methodology
Data collection is made using secondary source and primary source. Secondary source was used for literature
review. Primary data have been collected using questionnaire.
7.1 Data collection
Data are collected in both secondary and primary sources. Literature review was carried out using secondary data
collection. Researcher collected 41 from employee satisfaction in public health service organisations’
performance. Secondary source of data collection was made to collect articles. Collected articles were from full
text journal articles (indexed & refereed), extended abstracts & abstracts (indexed & refereed), books (reviewed)
and Internet access. Corporate performance articles were from during the period of 2012 to 1996. Data have been
collected from primary source using questionnaire as an instrument. Questionnaire was prepared in English
language first. Then, it is translated into Tamil. Research translated questionnaire from English version to Tamil
version on his own with the assistance of the supervisor. Pilot study has been conducted to test the questionnaire
in selected government hospitals in Addalaichenai Divisional Secretariat, Ampara District, Eastern Province of
Sri Lanka.
7.2 Sampling units (SUs)
Primary sampling units (PSUs) are all government hospital units in all three Districts of Eastern Province. There
65 government hospitals in Eastern Province. Ampara, Batticaloa and Trincomalee districts consist of 29, 18 and
18 government hospitals respectively. Sample size has been determined using the sample size formula. Primary
sampling units (PSUs) are research sites i.e. government hospitals where research is carried out. Researcher
wished to know how many government hospitals have to be taken from these 65 government hospitals as
primary sampling units. He estimated mean number of government hospital units more precisely so that the
estimate will be within ± 2 government hospitals of mean number of true population of government hospitals.
The following formula is used to calculate sample size of government hospital units.
n = σ2 * z2 ………………………………………………………………………….formula (1)
2
D (Source: Malhorta, 2006). Where; σ2 = variance of the population number of hospitals. z2 = z value
associated with 95 % of the confidence level. Associated z value is 1.96. Of the 65 government hospitals, 39
government hospitals have to be taken as sample size for the study in Eastern Province. 17, 11 and 11
government hospitals have to be taken in Ampara district, Batticaloa district and Trincomalee district of Eastern
Province respectively. Pilot study should be undertaken with a limited sample size. Since this is a pilot study
researcher selected only 3 government hospitals in Addalaichenai Divisional Secretariat of Ampara District.
Secondary sampling units are government hospital staff/ health employees who are working in these 3
government hospitals. There are 31420 health personnel in all three districts of Eastern Province. Ampara
district, Batticaloa district and Trincomalee district consist of 19194, 7535 and 4691 hospital staff respectively.
Researcher wanted to estimate mean number of health personnel more precisely so that the estimate will be
within ± 275 health personnel of mean number of true population of hospital health personnel. The following
formula is used to calculate sample size of hospital health personnel.
n = σ2 * z2 …………………………………………………………………………formula (2)
Where: σ2 = variance of the population number of health personnel. z2 = z value associated
D2
with 95 % of the confidence level. Associated z value is 1.96. Of the 31420 health personnel, 3000 hospital
health personnel have to be taken as sample size of SSUs of government hospital employees for the study. 1832,
720 and 448 hospital employees have to be taken as sample size in Ampara district, Batticaloa district and
Trincomalee district of Eastern Province respectively. Pilot study should be undertaken with a limited sample
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ISSN 2222-1905 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2839 (Online)
Vol.5, No.21, 2013
size. Since this is a pilot study researcher selected only 100 hospital employees out of 3 selected government
hospitals in Addalaichenai Divisional Secretariat of Ampara District.
7.3 Data source, period and analysis
Primary source of data collection have been made to collect questionnaires from hospital employees. A
questionnaire has been prepared using identified measures above. Questionnaire consists of two sections such as
personal & demographic variables of employees and employee satisfaction in PHSOs. Instrument- questionnaire
is scaled in 5 point likert- scale. Employee satisfaction in public health service organizations are scaled in
agreement scale ranging from 5 to 1. Collected questionnaires have been cross checked and used as input for
processing in SPSS. Data have been collected during the period of first quarter of 2013. Collected questionnaires
have been analysed by a factor analysis and regression analysis.
8. Results and discussion of findings
8.1 Reliability and validity
Cronbach alpha is most widely used method for checking the reliability of scale. It may be mentioned that its
value varies from 0 to 1 but, satisfactory value is required to be more than 0.6 for the scale to be reliable
(Malhorta, 2002; Cronbach, 1951). In this study, researcher use Cronbach alpha scale as a measure of reliability.
Environmental factor is comprised of opportunity to job, work environment, working environment, social
environment and participative environment. Cronbach alphas for these social and participative environments
were also high. But, these two were not taken into grant due to communality value of less than 0.6. Values of
Cronbach alpha for opportunity to job, work environment and working environment are 0.961. Psychological
factor is composed of positive attitude, negative attitude, assertiveness, agreeableness and workload. Cronbach
alpha for these 11 items is 0.807. Structural factor is composed of work autonomy, job stress, supervisory or
career support, job security, realization or self-actualisation, distributive justice, promotional chances, pay and
flexi-time. Cronbach alphas for Job stress and supervisory or career support were also high. But, these two were
not taken into grant due to communality value of less than 0.6. Cronbach alpha for these 7 items is 0.928.
Reliability statistics are shown in table 2.
Factors
Environment
Psychology
Table 2: Reliability statistics
Value of Cronbach's Alpha
N of items
0.807
5
.807
5
Learning and growth
N of items
3
5
7
.651
9
8.2 Communalities and testing the sufficiency of sample size
Researcher tested collected data for appropriateness for factor analysis. Appropriateness of factor analysis is
dependent upon the sample size. In this connection, MacCallum, Windaman, Zhang and Hong (1999) have
shown that the minimum sample size depends upon other aspects of the design of the study. According to
them, as communalities become lower the importance of sample size increases. They have advocated that if all
communalities are above 0.6 relatively small samples (less than 100) may be perfectly appropriate. In this
regard, communalities for opportunity to job (0.896), work environment (0.956) and working environment
(0.946) are more than 0.6. Since communalities for social and participative environments were less than 0.6
therefore, these two were not taken into grant. Communalities for positive attitude (.845), negative attitude
(.936), assertiveness (.946), agreeableness (.852) and workload (.912) are greater than o.6. Communalities for
work autonomy (.925), job security (.633), realisation or self-actualisation (.848), distributive justice (.862),
promotional chances (.945), pay (.845) and flexi-time (.959) are greater than o.6. Communalities are shown in
table 3.
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Environmental
factor
Values of
Communality
(Extraction)
opportunity to job
work environment
working
environment
0.896
0.956
Table 3: Communalities
Psychological
Values of
factor
Communality
(Extraction)
Positive attitude
.845
Negative attitude
Assertiveness
0.946
.936
.946
Agreeableness
.852
Workload
.912
Structural
factor
Values of
Communality
(Extraction)
Work
autonomy
Job security
Realisation or
selfactualisation
Distributive
justice
Promotional
chances
Pay
Flexi-time
.925
.633
.848
.862
.945
.845
.959
Measure of Keyzer-Meyer-Oklin (KMO) is another method for to show the appropriateness of data for factor
analysis. KMO statistics varies between 0 and 1. Keyzer (1974) recommended that values greater than 0.5 are
acceptable; between 0.5 to 0.7 are moderate; between 0.7 to 0.8 are good; between 0.8 to 0.9 are superior (Field,
2000). Bartlet’s test of sphericity is the final statistical test applied in this study for verifying its appropriateness
(Bartlet, 1950). In this study, values of KMO for 3 items of environmental factor, 5 items of psychological
factors and 7 items of structural factor are 0.750, 0.598 and 0.698. These values indicate sample taken to process
factor analysis is statistically significant. In addition to KMO, Chi- square value for environmental factor,
psychological factors and structural factor is 375, 405 and 836 with significance value of 0.000. These values
confirm test is statistically significant when significance value is less than significance level. Significance value
is 0.000 at 5% level of significance. These values indicate that data are statistically significant for factor analysis.
Values of KMO and Bartlet test of Sphericity are shown in table 4.
Environmental
factor
Kaiser-MeyerOlkin
Measure of
Sampling
Adequacy.
Bartlett's Test
of Sphericity
.750
Approx.
ChiSquare
Df
Sig.
Table 4: KMO & Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity
Psychological
Structural
factor
factor
KaiserKaiserMeyer-Olkin
MeyerMeasure of
Olkin
.598
Sampling
Measure
Adequacy.
of
Sampling
Adequacy.
Bartlett's Test Approx.
Bartlett's
375.500 of Sphericity
Chi405.796 Test of
Square
Sphericity
3
Df
10
.000
Sig.
.000
.698
Approx.
ChiSquare
Df
Sig.
836.238
21
.000
8.3 Factor Analysis
After examining the reliability of the scale and test appropriateness of data as above, researcher carry out factor
analysis to know factors affecting corporate performance of Public Health Service Organisations in Eastern
Province of Sri Lanka and to select an appropriate regression model for Public Health Service Organisations in
Eastern Province of Sri Lanka. For achieving these objectives, researcher employs principal component analysis
(PCA) that is followed by the varimax rotation. Varimax rotation is mostly used in factor analysis (Hema and
Anura, 1993). From table, it can be seen that environmental factor has two components. These components are
extracted from the analysis with an eigen value greater than 1 (Tabachnick and Field, 1996). In this study, these
two components of environmental factor explain 98% of the total variation. Two components of psychological
factor explain 89%. Two components of structural factor explain 85%. Variation is shown in table 5.
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Environmental factor
% of
Compo
Tot Varia Cumula
nent
al
nce
tive %
2.7 93.24
93.243
1
97
3
2
.15
5.135
98.378
4
(Source: Survey data)
Table 5: total variation
Psychological factor
% of
Compo
Tot Varia Cumula
nent
al
nce
tive %
1
2.8 57.69
57.690
84
0
2
1.6 32.13
89.825
07
5
Structural factor
% of
Compo
Tot Varia Cumula
nent
al
nce
tive %
1
4.1 59.45
59.457
62
7
2
1.8 26.50
85.964
55
7
8.4 Model selection
Gujarati, Porter and Gunasker (2012) stated that Variation Inflation Factor (VIF) should be less than 10 and
Durbin Watson (DW) should be between (dL ≤ d ≥ du) i.e. 1.020 to 1.920 for a model selection. In this study,
Log Log model has less than 10 for VIF and 2.28 for DW. Thereby, researcher selects this model as the best
fitted model for his study. Results are shown in table 6.
Models
EMPLOYEE SATISFACTION
LOG = 2.01 + 0.0337
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR
- 0.00058 PSYCHOLOGICAL
FACTOR + 0.0654
STRUCTURAL FACTOR
EMPLOYEE SATISFACTION
= - 0.0448 - 0.00654
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR
- 0.0192
LOG
PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTOR
LOG + 0.0172 STRUCTURAL
FACTOR LOG
EMPLOYEE SATISFACTION
LOG = - 0.00036 + 0.0784
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR
LOG + 0.294 PSYCHOLOGICAL
FACTOR LOG + 0.482
STRUCTURAL FACTOR LOG
(Source: Survey data)
Table 6: Selection of model
Type of
R2%
F
P
the
statistics
model
Log
96.6%
902.89
0.000
Linear
Values
of VIF
DW
6.584,
4.088
&
11.392
0.246174
Linear
Log
model
100%
86869.46
0.000
6.943,
3.660
&
11.141
0.337085
Log
Log
model
92.8%
412.98
0.000
1.060,
1.233
&
1.215
2.28215
Selected
model
√
9. Conclusions
First objective is to determine factors affecting employee satisfaction in PHSOs. Environmental, psychological
and structural factors have been factors have been identified as determinants of employee satisfaction in public
health service organizations. Second objective is to know the reliability and validity of items & factors. In this
study, researcher use Cronbach alpha scale as a measure of reliability. Environmental factor is comprised of
opportunity to job, work environment, working environment, social environment and participative environment.
Values of Cronbach alpha for opportunity to job, work environment and working environment are 0.961.
Cronbach alphas for these social and participative environments were also high. But, these two were not taken
into grant due to communality value of less than 0.6. Psychological factor is composed of positive attitude,
negative attitude, assertiveness, agreeableness and workload. Cronbach alpha for these 11 items is 0.807.
Structural factor is composed of work autonomy, job stress, supervisory or career support, job security,
realization or self-actualisation, distributive justice, promotional chances, pay and flexi-time. Cronbach alphas
for Job stress and supervisory or career support were also high. But, these two were not taken into grant due to
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Vol.5, No.21, 2013
communality value of less than 0.6. Cronbach alpha for these 7 items is 0.928. KMO is used to know the
statistical validity of factors. In this study, values of KMO for 3 items of environmental factor, 5 items of
psychological factors and 7 items of structural factor are 0.750, 0.598 and 0.698. These values indicate sample
taken to process factor analysis is statistically significant. Content validity and convergent validity are higher.
Discriminant validity are lower statistically. Third objective is to know the best fitted model. Log log model is
the best fitted model than linear models. In terms of this model, environmental, psychological and structural
factor explain around 93% of total variation for employee satisfaction.
10. Limitations and avenues for future research
This research is based a pilot study that depended on small number of sample size. This study could be expanded
to a larger sample size that covers Eastern Province.
11. Value addition
This study fills the literature gap. In Sri Lanka, previous studies related to corporate performance in both health
service organizations and in non- health service organizations are poor. Limited number of researches are found
in Public Health Service Organisations in foreign and Sri Lanka. This literature gap motivated researcher to
research PHSOs in Sri Lanka. A conceptual model has been created using identified factors for public health
service organization.
12. Acknowledgement
I acknowledge to Prof. Thirunavukkarasu Velnampy, Dean/ Faculty of Management Studies & Commerce,
University of Jaffna, Sri Lanka for the first instance for his valuable supervision and guidance during my study.
Many of the Senior Academics of from Department of Management, Faculty of Management and Commerce,
South Eastern University of Sri Lanka not only encouraged me to pursue Ph. D. but also to write and publish
research articles in Management field. I thank them all. South Eastern University of Sri Lanka funded me
partially for reading my Ph. D. This is both self- funded and partially institutionally funded Ph. D. This research
study is part of my Ph. D. I acknowledge that the article is my original contribution and has not been plagiarized/
copied from any source/ individual. I have properly cited and referred all citations and references in my research
paper. Further, I have been duly acknowledged at the appropriate places to the best of my knowledge.
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