The document discusses the principles of design, including structural and decorative design. It describes the elements of each type of design such as line, form, value, texture, and color. It provides details on how different lines, shapes, tones, textures, and colors can affect human behavior and perception. The document also discusses techniques for rendering tonal values in design through hatching, scribbling, stippling, smudging, and digital methods.

1. Designing is the process of planning and
creating a structure or ornament that will
serve its purpose and function.
Two types of design:
1.Structural design
2. Decorative design
DESIGNING

2. It is the proper choice of materials and
methods of construction in such a way as
to produce an object or structure that
will function effectively.
1.Structural design

3. It is the surface enrichment or decoration
of a structural design. It is the harmonious
selection and arrangement of the elements
of decorative design so that they fit in a
given surface or space.
2.Decorative design

4. 1.Materials
2.Construction
3.Finish
4.Function
Elements of Structural design

5. 1.Line
2.Form or Shape
3.Value
4.Texture
5.Color
Elements of decorative design

6. Line is imaginary but in design or in
the visual arts, a line is visible. It
maybe represented by a stroke of a
pencil or object that can trace the
latter.
LINE

7. Psychologists say that various lines have different effects on
human behavior.
1. Vertical lines- suggests strength, dignity or uprightness.
2.Horizontal lines- quietness and balance.
3.Inclined lines- instability, support, or action.
4.Regular curve lines- monotony and uniformity.
5.Irregular curve lines- feminity, grace or variety.
6.Heavy lines- boldness or nearness.
7.Light lines- distance, fineness, delicateness
8.Broken lines- disorder, power, as in the symbol of lightning.
LINE

8. Line joined end to end to produces a form.
Psychologists say that a square is not a good
structural shape but is a good decorative shape.
Most objects around us such as buildings, tables,
doors, and windows are rectangular in shape. A
circle suggests monotony, but unlike the square it
is a good structural shape.
FORM

9. Term sometimes called as shade, tone, notan, or
dark and light. It is the lightness and darkness of a
color of an object.
Black is the absence of light and white is its
presence.
The middle value of between black and white is
gray or neutrality.
The darkest value is low dark and the lightest
value is high light.
VALUE

11. Refers to the kind or quality of a surface. The
surface maybe fine or rough, hot or cold, hard or
soft rugged or smooth, shiny or dull.
In design texture can be represented by line-
shading technique.
Rough texture may suggests strength or poor
quality, while fine texture may suggests delicacy
or good quality.
TEXTURE

13. Among the elements of decorative design it is the most
interesting because of the quality of light.
Physicists tell us that color is seen when there is light. The
source of all light we have on earth except the dim light
from the stars and moon is the sun.
Light is composed of light waves of varying lenghts, each
length representing a color.
COLOR

15. Physiologists have found that we see color
when light waves entering the pupil of the
eye are focused by the eye lens on the retina.
In the retina cells called cones react when the
eye sees color, and the other cells called rods
react to dark and light or shades. From the
rods and cones the light image is then
transmitted to the brain through the optic
nerves and then the brain interprets what the
eye sees.
COLOR

16. Psychologists say that color affects our
emotions and feelings.
1.Blue- tiredness or melancholy
2.Red- courage, death, or fire
3. Yellow- cowardice, light or ripeness
4. Orange- ripeness and sweetness
5.green- jealousy, (green eyed monster) and
freshness
6. violet- royalty, reverence, or distance
COLOR

17. Primary colors
red, yellow and blue
Secondary colors
orange (red plus yellow)
green (blue plus yellow)
violet ( blue plus red)
Intermediate colors
yellow –green, yellow- orange, red- orange,
red violet, blue- green, and blue- violet.
COLOR

18. 1.Hue- name of a color.
2.Intensity- the brightness or dullness of a
color.
3.Value- the darkness and or lightness of a
color.
Properties of color

19. 1. Analogous or neighboring harmony- is the
combination of any colors neighboring or
adjacent on the color chart.
2.Complementary harmony- is the combination
of two opposite colors in the chart.
3.Double Complementary harmony- is the
combination of two adjacent colors and their
opposite colors on the color chart.
Color Combination or harmonies

21. ANALOGOUS HARMONY

22. COMPLEMENTARY HARMONY

23. DOUBLE COMPLEMENTARY HARMONY

24. 4.Split Complementary- is the combination of
a primary or intermediate and the
colors adjacent to its opposite or
complement on the color chart.
5.Triadic harmony or simply triad- is the
combination of any three colors which
form an equilateral triangle on the
chart.
Color Combination or harmonies

25. SPLIT COMPLEMENTARY

26. TRIADIC HARMONY

27. 1.Naturalistic design resembles an actual or
real object in shape and in color.
2.Conventional design has some resemblance
to the real object but some details are
omitted from it. The canal method is one
way to conventionalize a naturalistic
design.
Kinds of Decorative Design

28. NATURALISTIC DESIGN

29. CONVENTIONAL DESIGN

30. 3.Geometrical design has a slight
resemblance to the real object, but
consists of geometrical shapes.
Another type of geometrical design is
that made like in cross- stitching on
course- woven cloth.
Kinds of Decorative Design

31. GEOMETRICAL DESIGN

32. 4.Abstract design is not recognizable as
representing any known object. Such
design greatly differs in appearance from
any object. Easier to create than a
conventional or naturalistic design.
Kinds of Decorative Design

33. ABSTRACT DESIGN

34.  It focuses on the principles that regulate how
well a composition of lines and shapes
conveys the illusion of a three- dimensional
construction or spatial environment on a two
dimensional surface, be it a sheet of paper,
an illustration board or a computer monitor.
Rendering Tonal Values

35. While lines are essential to the task of
delineating contour and shape, there are also
quality of light, texture, mass, and space that
cannot be fully described by line alone. In
order to model the surfaces of forms an
convey a sense of light, we rely on the
rendering of tonal values.
Rendering Tonal Values

36. 1.Hatching
Hatching consists of a series of more or less
parallel lines. The strokes maybe long or short,
mechanically ruled or drawn freehand and
executed with either a pen or a pencil on
smooth or rough paper. Another kind is cross-
hatching.
Basic Techniques for creating tonal
values

38. 2. Scribbling
Scribbling is a shading technique that involves
drawing a network of random,
multidirectional lines. We can vary the shape,
density, and direction of the strokes to
achieve a wide range of tonal values, textures
and visual expressions.
Basic Techniques for creating tonal
values

40. 3.Stippling
Stippling is a technique for shading by means
of a very fine dots. Applying stippling is a
slow and time- consuming procedure that
requires the utmost patience and care in
controlling the size and spacing of the dots.
The best results occur when using a fine-
tipped ink pen on a smooth drawing surface.
Basic Techniques for creating tonal
values

42.  Smudging means that you have to work less to
achieve shading. You simply put some graphite down
and then smear it to cover a larger area much more
quickly, thanks to the resulting blurred shadow.
Source. Browse our range of art pencils, pastels and
charcoals.
Smudging

43.  Another technique in shading is smudging or
smearing the graphite on the paper. You first
create your basic shading as talked about on
the previous page, then you take your finger
and smudge or smear the graphite of the
shading. The smudging of the shading will
blur the shading, make it less crisp.

45. 4.Digital Tonal Value
2D drawing and 3D modeling programs usually
permit colors and tonal values to be selected
from a menu or palette and assigned to the
surfaces of forms. Image processing software
further allows the creation and application of
visual textures, some of which mimic the
traditional techniques.
Basic Techniques for creating tonal
values