The document discusses a study analyzing dermatoglyphic patterns on the palms of 190 Romanian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The results found significant pathological dermatoglyphic distortions and anomalies in the patients compared to a control group. Specifically, over 55% of patients showed a partial suppression of line C, which was more common in women at around 38%. This and other dermatoglyphic markers could help identify individuals at risk for T2DM.
This document summarizes a study on mortality trends among type 2 diabetes patients in two hospitals in Nigeria. The study found that diabetic foot ulcer had the highest percentage of deaths at 42.8% of cases. Other leading causes of death were diabetic ketoacidosis, hypertension, and hyperglycemia. Married patients accounted for the majority of diabetes-related deaths at both hospitals. The study aimed to identify causes of premature death in diabetes patients to help reduce complications and mortality.
Clinical and Laboratory Prognostic Factors in Malignant form of Mediterranean...inventionjournals
Mediterranean spotted fever (MSF) caused by Rickettsia conorii has become a significant health risk for suffering people and international travelers. In the past, overlooked as a serious disease, at present it is known that MSF was wrongly considered a benign condition. In this report, we present a set of clinical features and laboratory parameters in 55 patients (19 fatalities and 36 survivors) with malignant forms of the disease. The purpose of the study was to outline the prognostic factors of the fatal outcome in patients with malignant MSF. Based on our data, the main prediction factors for mortality in malignant MSF patients were: advanced age, delayed hospital admission, severe concomitant diseases, and failure to start or to complete appropriate antibiotic treatment. Laboratory prognostic factors in fatalities were: leukocytosis with a marked shift to the left; extremely high serum urea and creatinine levels; low levels of fibrinogen and prolongation of thrombin time. The most frequently involved organ systems of malignant cases were: central nervous system 100%, liver 92.72%, kidneys 60%, lungs 58.18%, myocardium 30.9%, and gastrointestinal tract 23.63%. The conducted histopathological investigations revealed lethal complications: encephalitis, brain edema, acute respiratory distress syndrome, non-cardiogenic lung swelling, acute myocarditis, gastrointestinal bleeding, hemorrhagicnecrotizing pancreatitis and acute renal failure
Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory process of the pancreas that can range from mild to severe. The document discusses the history of classifying and defining acute pancreatitis, from the original 1992 Atlanta Consensus to the 2012 revision. The 2012 revision updated definitions for severity, complications, and diagnostic criteria based on evolving knowledge over the prior 20 years. It classified pancreatitis as mild, moderately severe, or severe based on new parameters including organ failure.
This study examined the prevalence of vascular complications among patients with type 2 diabetes at Aden Abdulle Hospital in Somalia. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 69 patients. The majority were male, over age 60, and married. Most common complications were heart and leg issues. Over half did not have kidney disease, but 18% did, with 11 receiving dialysis 1-3 times per week. About a quarter reported numbness in their legs. The study provides insight into the burden of vascular complications of type 2 diabetes in Somalia.
Prevalence of vascular complication among type2 of diabetes mellitus At Aden ...Abdi fitaax dahir
This document appears to be a cover page and table of contents for a research study on the prevalence of vascular complications among patients with type 2 diabetes at Aden Abdulle Hospital. The study used a descriptive cross-sectional design and data collection forms to gather information. Key findings included that the majority of participants were male, over 60 years old, and 62.3% reported taking medications regularly. However, 24.6% of participants had developed complications including issues with eyes, kidneys, heart and legs. The document recommends increased awareness efforts, screening, and management of diabetes to reduce complications.
Clinical presentation and outcomes of HIV positive patients with diagnosis of...Oscar Malpartida-Tabuchi
This document summarizes a study on tuberculosis (TB) in HIV-positive patients at a hospital in Lima, Peru in 2014. It finds that:
- 22 HIV+ patients were diagnosed with TB, most were male with low CD4 counts. Extra-pulmonary TB was most common.
- 21 cases were microbiologically confirmed, with high rates of drug resistance including 30% MDR and 5% XDR.
- Outcomes differed by HIV treatment group: no mortality in groups receiving HIV drugs >6 months or <6 months, but 18.2% mortality in group not receiving HIV drugs.
Cistitis Intersticial, una actualización.pdfjhinner eloy
This document discusses interstitial cystitis (IC), a chronic bladder pain disorder. It provides an overview of the disease including:
1) Theories on the pathophysiology of IC including disruption of the bladder's glycosaminoglycan layer, altered permeability of the bladder epithelium, uroinflammation, and neural upregulation.
2) Common symptoms of IC such as painful urinary symptoms, increased urgency and frequency, and pelvic or abdominal tenderness.
3) Risk factors for IC and the importance of ruling out other conditions through testing to properly diagnose IC.
4) Diagnostic criteria for IC outlined by guidelines which require chronic symptoms and exclusion of other conditions to confirm a diagnosis.
This document summarizes a study on mortality trends among type 2 diabetes patients in two hospitals in Nigeria. The study found that diabetic foot ulcer had the highest percentage of deaths at 42.8% of cases. Other leading causes of death were diabetic ketoacidosis, hypertension, and hyperglycemia. Married patients accounted for the majority of diabetes-related deaths at both hospitals. The study aimed to identify causes of premature death in diabetes patients to help reduce complications and mortality.
Clinical and Laboratory Prognostic Factors in Malignant form of Mediterranean...inventionjournals
Mediterranean spotted fever (MSF) caused by Rickettsia conorii has become a significant health risk for suffering people and international travelers. In the past, overlooked as a serious disease, at present it is known that MSF was wrongly considered a benign condition. In this report, we present a set of clinical features and laboratory parameters in 55 patients (19 fatalities and 36 survivors) with malignant forms of the disease. The purpose of the study was to outline the prognostic factors of the fatal outcome in patients with malignant MSF. Based on our data, the main prediction factors for mortality in malignant MSF patients were: advanced age, delayed hospital admission, severe concomitant diseases, and failure to start or to complete appropriate antibiotic treatment. Laboratory prognostic factors in fatalities were: leukocytosis with a marked shift to the left; extremely high serum urea and creatinine levels; low levels of fibrinogen and prolongation of thrombin time. The most frequently involved organ systems of malignant cases were: central nervous system 100%, liver 92.72%, kidneys 60%, lungs 58.18%, myocardium 30.9%, and gastrointestinal tract 23.63%. The conducted histopathological investigations revealed lethal complications: encephalitis, brain edema, acute respiratory distress syndrome, non-cardiogenic lung swelling, acute myocarditis, gastrointestinal bleeding, hemorrhagicnecrotizing pancreatitis and acute renal failure
Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory process of the pancreas that can range from mild to severe. The document discusses the history of classifying and defining acute pancreatitis, from the original 1992 Atlanta Consensus to the 2012 revision. The 2012 revision updated definitions for severity, complications, and diagnostic criteria based on evolving knowledge over the prior 20 years. It classified pancreatitis as mild, moderately severe, or severe based on new parameters including organ failure.
This study examined the prevalence of vascular complications among patients with type 2 diabetes at Aden Abdulle Hospital in Somalia. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 69 patients. The majority were male, over age 60, and married. Most common complications were heart and leg issues. Over half did not have kidney disease, but 18% did, with 11 receiving dialysis 1-3 times per week. About a quarter reported numbness in their legs. The study provides insight into the burden of vascular complications of type 2 diabetes in Somalia.
Prevalence of vascular complication among type2 of diabetes mellitus At Aden ...Abdi fitaax dahir
This document appears to be a cover page and table of contents for a research study on the prevalence of vascular complications among patients with type 2 diabetes at Aden Abdulle Hospital. The study used a descriptive cross-sectional design and data collection forms to gather information. Key findings included that the majority of participants were male, over 60 years old, and 62.3% reported taking medications regularly. However, 24.6% of participants had developed complications including issues with eyes, kidneys, heart and legs. The document recommends increased awareness efforts, screening, and management of diabetes to reduce complications.
Clinical presentation and outcomes of HIV positive patients with diagnosis of...Oscar Malpartida-Tabuchi
This document summarizes a study on tuberculosis (TB) in HIV-positive patients at a hospital in Lima, Peru in 2014. It finds that:
- 22 HIV+ patients were diagnosed with TB, most were male with low CD4 counts. Extra-pulmonary TB was most common.
- 21 cases were microbiologically confirmed, with high rates of drug resistance including 30% MDR and 5% XDR.
- Outcomes differed by HIV treatment group: no mortality in groups receiving HIV drugs >6 months or <6 months, but 18.2% mortality in group not receiving HIV drugs.
Cistitis Intersticial, una actualización.pdfjhinner eloy
This document discusses interstitial cystitis (IC), a chronic bladder pain disorder. It provides an overview of the disease including:
1) Theories on the pathophysiology of IC including disruption of the bladder's glycosaminoglycan layer, altered permeability of the bladder epithelium, uroinflammation, and neural upregulation.
2) Common symptoms of IC such as painful urinary symptoms, increased urgency and frequency, and pelvic or abdominal tenderness.
3) Risk factors for IC and the importance of ruling out other conditions through testing to properly diagnose IC.
4) Diagnostic criteria for IC outlined by guidelines which require chronic symptoms and exclusion of other conditions to confirm a diagnosis.
The document provides World Gastroenterology Organisation global guidelines on celiac disease from April 2012. It was reviewed by an international team and covers definitions, epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of celiac disease. Key points include that celiac disease affects genetically predisposed individuals and is triggered by ingestion of gluten. Diagnosis requires histological changes in intestinal biopsy and positive celiac disease serology or response to gluten-free diet. Management involves strict lifelong gluten-free diet to avoid complications.
Tokyo guidelines for cholangitis and cholecystitis Thorsang Chayovan
The document presents the Tokyo Guidelines for the management of acute cholangitis and cholecystitis. It was created by an international working group to address the lack of standardized diagnostic criteria and treatment guidelines for biliary infections. The working group conducted an extensive literature review, found little high-level evidence, and thus developed the guidelines through international consensus meetings. The Tokyo Guidelines provide evidence-based diagnostic criteria, severity assessments, and management recommendations for acute cholangitis and cholecystitis. They aim to establish international standards for evaluating and treating biliary infections.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects 8-16% of the global population and is often underdiagnosed. Defined as a glomerular filtration rate below 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or markers of kidney damage for over 3 months, CKD is most commonly caused by diabetes and hypertension. Primary care clinicians play an important role in screening for CKD through routine testing of serum creatinine and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio, diagnosing and staging CKD based on GFR and albuminuria levels, and managing CKD through controlling risk factors, treating complications, and referring high-risk patients to nephrologists. Appropriate screening, diagnosis and management
This document summarizes a study that retrospectively analyzed 451 patients with acute cholecystitis from multiple Japanese hospitals to validate and potentially revise the diagnostic criteria and severity assessment from the 2007 Tokyo Guidelines for acute cholecystitis. The study found that the 2007 diagnostic criteria had a sensitivity of 92.1% and specificity of 93.3% compared to pathological diagnosis. Based on these results, the study proposed new diagnostic criteria that improved the accuracy rate from 92.7% to 94%. Regarding severity assessment, no major changes were needed from the 2007 criteria. Therefore, the proposed new diagnostic criteria and revised 2007 severity assessment criteria were adopted as the 2013 Tokyo Guidelines.
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
A Study on Biomarkers in a Spatially Distributed Type – 2 Diabetes mellitus G...IOSRJPBS
Diabetes, a dreaded disease already ravaged a huge population worldwide, whether it is inherited through generations or invited by the people by their uncontrolled way of life is still obscure. Biomarkers assay is a boon to the diseased to opt proper prophylactic measures to curb or eradicate diseases. The elevated levels of various biomarkers related to inflammation of vital organs, liver function, kidney function and other vital parameters in our diabetic cases reveals the extent of organ(s) damage in these subjects. It is also evident that the levels of various biomarkers are similar in our diabetic subjects, irrespective of their habits or habitats.
Actualización en la etiología, clasificación y manejo de las glomerulopatías.pdfjhinner eloy
This document provides an overview of recent updates in the classification and management of various glomerular diseases. It discusses how new genetic discoveries have led to changes in classifications, such as membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis now being divided into C3 glomerulopathy and immunoglobulin/C3 positive categories. Treatment options for diseases like minimal change disease, membranous nephropathy, and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis have expanded with the use of rituximab and complement inhibitors. Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis is now classified based on etiology into anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody disease, ANCA-associated vasculitis, and immune complex disorders.
This article discusses Helicobacter pylori infection, which causes chronic inflammation in the stomach. H. pylori infection is linked to gastric and duodenal ulcers, gastric cancer, and gastric MALT lymphoma. The article reviews evidence on testing and treating H. pylori infection, guidelines for appropriate testing candidates, and strategies for uninvestigated dyspepsia. Treatment of H. pylori infection cures most ulcers and reduces cancer risk, but has limited benefit for functional dyspepsia in the absence of ulcers.
frequency of hepatitis C virus infection in patients with type 2 diabetes mel...Dr Tarique Ahmed Maka
ABSTRACT
Objective: To determine the frequency of hepatitis C virus infection in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and to look for the common risk factors leading to this infection in diabetics. Study Design: Descriptive cross sectional study design. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medicine, Combined Military Hospital (CMH) Kharian, from Jan 2015 to Jun 2015. Patients and Methods: This study was conducted in the department of Medicine, Combined Military Hospital Kharian. Through a descriptive cross sectional study design, a total of 140 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, admitted through casualty, OPD or private clinics were selected and tested for Hepatitis C virus infection. The common risk factors leading to such infection among positive cases were also scrutinized. Results: The mean age of patients was 48.82 ± 10.14 with 60.7% female gender predominating the overall sample of diabetics. Using 3rd generation ELISA method, hepatitis C virus was found in 45 (32.1%) of patients with 41-50 years of age group most commonly affected age group (34.7%) and female (57.8%) commonly affected gender. The distribution of risk factors leading to hepatitis C virus in diabetics are: 21 (46.7%) had history of surgery in the past, 13 (28.9%) had history of blood transfusion in the past, 7 (15.55%) had history of hemodialysis while only 4 (8.9%) had history of tattooing in the past. Conclusion: Hepatitis C virus infection is still a common problem in diabetic patients of our local population and we recommend further research work over its risk factors so that the guidelines for its control may be formulated. Keywords: Blood transfusion, Diabetes Mellitus, Haemodialysis, Hepatitis C virus infection, Risk Factors, Surgery, Tattooing.
This document summarizes a study on the prevalence of type 2 diabetes among hepatitis C virus seropositive subjects in Dutse, Nigeria. The study found that 16.1% of male and 19.4% of female HCV-infected subjects had fasting blood sugar levels above 7 mmol/L, indicating a higher risk of diabetes compared to the control group. Liver enzymes were significantly higher in the HCV group. While some metabolic syndrome parameters differed between groups, the differences were not statistically significant. The study concludes that there is a high prevalence of type 2 diabetes among HCV-infected individuals in Dutse, and factors like age, BMI, triglycerides, and HDL may contribute to the development of diabetes.
Management strategies in inflammatory bowel disease. https://youtu.be/ZVtMSTH...Yasser Abdel-Halim
https://youtu.be/ZVtMSTHb-JM
Modern strategies used in IBD (inflammatory bowel disease), (Crohn's disease & ulcerative colitis) with the most recent data from Network Meta-Analysis & AGA guidelines. We have one goal. Which is to block the structural bowel damage progression before it becomes irreversible, with the least possible side effects. & We have three clinical objectives, Early Remission, Maintaining Remission, De-escalation when Longstanding Remission. & To achieve objectives, we have four strategies. Early effective therapy for high-risk patient strategy, Treat to Target strategy, Tight Control strategy & Exit Strategy.
This study assessed clinical, virological, histopathological and biochemical factors related to hepatic steatosis in Egyptian patients with HCV genotype 4. The study found steatosis in 80% of early HCV patients and 88% of cirrhotic patients. Steatosis grade correlated with higher viral load and liver inflammation. Patients had lower triglycerides and cholesterol levels correlated with steatosis grade. They also had higher leptin and beta-2-microglobulin levels and lower adiponectin levels compared to controls, correlating with steatosis grade and liver disease severity. The results suggest HCV genotype 4 is associated with biochemical changes like increased leptin and beta-2-microglobulin that may
This document provides an overview of the World Health Organization's Classification of Tumours series. It summarizes several editions of the WHO Classification of Tumours focusing on haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues. The classification system organizes neoplasms into groups based on shared characteristics and provides standardized terminology. It is intended to improve diagnosis and management of patients.
This case report describes a 36-year-old woman who presented with abdominal pain and a history of diarrhea and weight loss. Tests revealed positive tuberculosis markers and imaging showed thickening of the ascending colon. A right hemicolectomy was performed and histopathological examination found granulomatous inflammation and caseous necrosis consistent with tuberculosis. Anti-tuberculosis therapy was administered and the patient's symptoms resolved, highlighting the importance of differential diagnosis between Crohn's disease and intestinal tuberculosis.
HIV infection is increasingly affecting older individuals as treatment allows for longer lifespans. Older adults with HIV have higher rates of age-related comorbidities like cardiovascular disease, cancer, liver disease, kidney disease, lung disease, and bone disease than HIV-negative individuals of the same age. Management of these conditions in HIV requires screening for comorbidities, treating underlying viral infections, modifying lifestyle factors, and following guidelines for prevention and treatment of common age-related diseases.
The document summarizes a study on the characteristics of dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever in children in Cambodia in 2006. It found that 184 of 832 pediatric patients admitted to the National Pediatric Hospital had dengue hemorrhagic fever. The 5-10 year age group was most affected. Over 90% presented with abdominal pain, positive tourniquet tests, and hemorrhaging. Laboratory results showed thrombocytopenia in 88.1% and hemoconcentration in 29.9%. Younger children with dengue shock syndrome had more severe symptoms than others with dengue hemorrhagic fever. The mortality rate was 1.6%.
A study of health comprehension about the cholera among a slicesin74
A study was conducted among 98 University of Baghdad employees and 30 randomly selected individuals to assess their knowledge of cholera. Most participants correctly identified that cholera is transmitted through contaminated water and food and causes watery diarrhea. While over half of the study group identified bacteria as the causative agent, answers varied more among the control group. The results indicate relatively good understanding of cholera transmission and symptoms but lack of complete knowledge about the bacterial cause.
Abstract—Hydatid cyst disease is a zoonotic disease caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus Multilocularis. In human beings, apart from involving the liver and lungs commonly, it also affects other organs like brain, kidney and spleen. Rupture of Hydatid cyst into abdominal cavity causes disseminated abdominal hydatidosis which is a rare complication. Here this rare case was presenting as a 48 years old female patient of disseminated intra-abdominal hydatidosis. Disseminated abdominal hydatidosis occurs secondary to traumatic or surgical rupture of a hepatic cyst. Ultrasonography or Computed Tomography findings are helpful in making a definitive diagnosis. For localized hydatid cysts in liver or lungs, the management of choice is preferably surgical while the treatment for disseminated intra-abdominal hydatidosis remains medical. Albendazole is the treatment of choice for disseminated abdominal hydatidosis.
Diabetes-related Clinical Complications: Novel Approaches for Diagnosis and M...asclepiuspdfs
Metabolic diseases such as hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and vascular diseases have reached epidemic proportions worldwide. In the past four decades, childhood and adolescent obesity has increased four-fold worldwide. During the same period, obesity in adults has doubled and diabetes has increased by four-fold. In China, India, and the USA, the number of prediabetes is more than diabetics. This population is at considerable risk for developing diabetes, its clinical complications, and acute vascular events. The management of modifiable risks for cardiometabolic risks has improved considerably. Several major studies have demonstrated, that robust management of modifiable risks for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), significantly reduces premature mortality from CVDs. Considering the progress made in the risk assessment, risk management, we feel strongly, that not much progress is made in the areas of primary prevention and early risk assessment, for clinical complications associated with metabolic diseases, in particular, diabetes. The majority of the clinical complications associated with diabetes are due to dysfunction of the vascular system or nervous system. Complications include vasculopathy leading to subclinical atherosclerosis, heart attacks, and stroke.
APPROACH TO DIABETES DIAGNOSIS A ReviewClaire Webber
This document discusses approaches to diagnosing diabetes. It begins by providing background on diabetes as a global epidemic. There are various types of diabetes classified as type 1 and type 2. Blood samples are used to check glycemia levels through tests like oral glucose tolerance tests and HbA1c levels. Urine can also indicate sugar levels. Early diagnosis is important to minimize complications like damage to nerves, eyes, heart, and kidneys. The document focuses on the importance of HbA1c testing to assess glycemia over the past 3 months and improve patient care and monitoring of their condition.
This document summarizes diabetes mellitus (DM), including its main types, causes, classification, prevalence, and complications. DM refers to high blood glucose caused by issues with insulin secretion or insulin resistance. It is classified into type 1 DM (caused by lack of insulin) and type 2 DM (caused by insulin resistance and relative lack of insulin). DM is a leading cause of kidney failure, lower limb amputations, blindness and cardiovascular disease. Its prevalence has greatly increased worldwide in recent decades.
The document provides World Gastroenterology Organisation global guidelines on celiac disease from April 2012. It was reviewed by an international team and covers definitions, epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of celiac disease. Key points include that celiac disease affects genetically predisposed individuals and is triggered by ingestion of gluten. Diagnosis requires histological changes in intestinal biopsy and positive celiac disease serology or response to gluten-free diet. Management involves strict lifelong gluten-free diet to avoid complications.
Tokyo guidelines for cholangitis and cholecystitis Thorsang Chayovan
The document presents the Tokyo Guidelines for the management of acute cholangitis and cholecystitis. It was created by an international working group to address the lack of standardized diagnostic criteria and treatment guidelines for biliary infections. The working group conducted an extensive literature review, found little high-level evidence, and thus developed the guidelines through international consensus meetings. The Tokyo Guidelines provide evidence-based diagnostic criteria, severity assessments, and management recommendations for acute cholangitis and cholecystitis. They aim to establish international standards for evaluating and treating biliary infections.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects 8-16% of the global population and is often underdiagnosed. Defined as a glomerular filtration rate below 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or markers of kidney damage for over 3 months, CKD is most commonly caused by diabetes and hypertension. Primary care clinicians play an important role in screening for CKD through routine testing of serum creatinine and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio, diagnosing and staging CKD based on GFR and albuminuria levels, and managing CKD through controlling risk factors, treating complications, and referring high-risk patients to nephrologists. Appropriate screening, diagnosis and management
This document summarizes a study that retrospectively analyzed 451 patients with acute cholecystitis from multiple Japanese hospitals to validate and potentially revise the diagnostic criteria and severity assessment from the 2007 Tokyo Guidelines for acute cholecystitis. The study found that the 2007 diagnostic criteria had a sensitivity of 92.1% and specificity of 93.3% compared to pathological diagnosis. Based on these results, the study proposed new diagnostic criteria that improved the accuracy rate from 92.7% to 94%. Regarding severity assessment, no major changes were needed from the 2007 criteria. Therefore, the proposed new diagnostic criteria and revised 2007 severity assessment criteria were adopted as the 2013 Tokyo Guidelines.
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
A Study on Biomarkers in a Spatially Distributed Type – 2 Diabetes mellitus G...IOSRJPBS
Diabetes, a dreaded disease already ravaged a huge population worldwide, whether it is inherited through generations or invited by the people by their uncontrolled way of life is still obscure. Biomarkers assay is a boon to the diseased to opt proper prophylactic measures to curb or eradicate diseases. The elevated levels of various biomarkers related to inflammation of vital organs, liver function, kidney function and other vital parameters in our diabetic cases reveals the extent of organ(s) damage in these subjects. It is also evident that the levels of various biomarkers are similar in our diabetic subjects, irrespective of their habits or habitats.
Actualización en la etiología, clasificación y manejo de las glomerulopatías.pdfjhinner eloy
This document provides an overview of recent updates in the classification and management of various glomerular diseases. It discusses how new genetic discoveries have led to changes in classifications, such as membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis now being divided into C3 glomerulopathy and immunoglobulin/C3 positive categories. Treatment options for diseases like minimal change disease, membranous nephropathy, and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis have expanded with the use of rituximab and complement inhibitors. Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis is now classified based on etiology into anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody disease, ANCA-associated vasculitis, and immune complex disorders.
This article discusses Helicobacter pylori infection, which causes chronic inflammation in the stomach. H. pylori infection is linked to gastric and duodenal ulcers, gastric cancer, and gastric MALT lymphoma. The article reviews evidence on testing and treating H. pylori infection, guidelines for appropriate testing candidates, and strategies for uninvestigated dyspepsia. Treatment of H. pylori infection cures most ulcers and reduces cancer risk, but has limited benefit for functional dyspepsia in the absence of ulcers.
frequency of hepatitis C virus infection in patients with type 2 diabetes mel...Dr Tarique Ahmed Maka
ABSTRACT
Objective: To determine the frequency of hepatitis C virus infection in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and to look for the common risk factors leading to this infection in diabetics. Study Design: Descriptive cross sectional study design. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medicine, Combined Military Hospital (CMH) Kharian, from Jan 2015 to Jun 2015. Patients and Methods: This study was conducted in the department of Medicine, Combined Military Hospital Kharian. Through a descriptive cross sectional study design, a total of 140 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, admitted through casualty, OPD or private clinics were selected and tested for Hepatitis C virus infection. The common risk factors leading to such infection among positive cases were also scrutinized. Results: The mean age of patients was 48.82 ± 10.14 with 60.7% female gender predominating the overall sample of diabetics. Using 3rd generation ELISA method, hepatitis C virus was found in 45 (32.1%) of patients with 41-50 years of age group most commonly affected age group (34.7%) and female (57.8%) commonly affected gender. The distribution of risk factors leading to hepatitis C virus in diabetics are: 21 (46.7%) had history of surgery in the past, 13 (28.9%) had history of blood transfusion in the past, 7 (15.55%) had history of hemodialysis while only 4 (8.9%) had history of tattooing in the past. Conclusion: Hepatitis C virus infection is still a common problem in diabetic patients of our local population and we recommend further research work over its risk factors so that the guidelines for its control may be formulated. Keywords: Blood transfusion, Diabetes Mellitus, Haemodialysis, Hepatitis C virus infection, Risk Factors, Surgery, Tattooing.
This document summarizes a study on the prevalence of type 2 diabetes among hepatitis C virus seropositive subjects in Dutse, Nigeria. The study found that 16.1% of male and 19.4% of female HCV-infected subjects had fasting blood sugar levels above 7 mmol/L, indicating a higher risk of diabetes compared to the control group. Liver enzymes were significantly higher in the HCV group. While some metabolic syndrome parameters differed between groups, the differences were not statistically significant. The study concludes that there is a high prevalence of type 2 diabetes among HCV-infected individuals in Dutse, and factors like age, BMI, triglycerides, and HDL may contribute to the development of diabetes.
Management strategies in inflammatory bowel disease. https://youtu.be/ZVtMSTH...Yasser Abdel-Halim
https://youtu.be/ZVtMSTHb-JM
Modern strategies used in IBD (inflammatory bowel disease), (Crohn's disease & ulcerative colitis) with the most recent data from Network Meta-Analysis & AGA guidelines. We have one goal. Which is to block the structural bowel damage progression before it becomes irreversible, with the least possible side effects. & We have three clinical objectives, Early Remission, Maintaining Remission, De-escalation when Longstanding Remission. & To achieve objectives, we have four strategies. Early effective therapy for high-risk patient strategy, Treat to Target strategy, Tight Control strategy & Exit Strategy.
This study assessed clinical, virological, histopathological and biochemical factors related to hepatic steatosis in Egyptian patients with HCV genotype 4. The study found steatosis in 80% of early HCV patients and 88% of cirrhotic patients. Steatosis grade correlated with higher viral load and liver inflammation. Patients had lower triglycerides and cholesterol levels correlated with steatosis grade. They also had higher leptin and beta-2-microglobulin levels and lower adiponectin levels compared to controls, correlating with steatosis grade and liver disease severity. The results suggest HCV genotype 4 is associated with biochemical changes like increased leptin and beta-2-microglobulin that may
This document provides an overview of the World Health Organization's Classification of Tumours series. It summarizes several editions of the WHO Classification of Tumours focusing on haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues. The classification system organizes neoplasms into groups based on shared characteristics and provides standardized terminology. It is intended to improve diagnosis and management of patients.
This case report describes a 36-year-old woman who presented with abdominal pain and a history of diarrhea and weight loss. Tests revealed positive tuberculosis markers and imaging showed thickening of the ascending colon. A right hemicolectomy was performed and histopathological examination found granulomatous inflammation and caseous necrosis consistent with tuberculosis. Anti-tuberculosis therapy was administered and the patient's symptoms resolved, highlighting the importance of differential diagnosis between Crohn's disease and intestinal tuberculosis.
HIV infection is increasingly affecting older individuals as treatment allows for longer lifespans. Older adults with HIV have higher rates of age-related comorbidities like cardiovascular disease, cancer, liver disease, kidney disease, lung disease, and bone disease than HIV-negative individuals of the same age. Management of these conditions in HIV requires screening for comorbidities, treating underlying viral infections, modifying lifestyle factors, and following guidelines for prevention and treatment of common age-related diseases.
The document summarizes a study on the characteristics of dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever in children in Cambodia in 2006. It found that 184 of 832 pediatric patients admitted to the National Pediatric Hospital had dengue hemorrhagic fever. The 5-10 year age group was most affected. Over 90% presented with abdominal pain, positive tourniquet tests, and hemorrhaging. Laboratory results showed thrombocytopenia in 88.1% and hemoconcentration in 29.9%. Younger children with dengue shock syndrome had more severe symptoms than others with dengue hemorrhagic fever. The mortality rate was 1.6%.
A study of health comprehension about the cholera among a slicesin74
A study was conducted among 98 University of Baghdad employees and 30 randomly selected individuals to assess their knowledge of cholera. Most participants correctly identified that cholera is transmitted through contaminated water and food and causes watery diarrhea. While over half of the study group identified bacteria as the causative agent, answers varied more among the control group. The results indicate relatively good understanding of cholera transmission and symptoms but lack of complete knowledge about the bacterial cause.
Abstract—Hydatid cyst disease is a zoonotic disease caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus Multilocularis. In human beings, apart from involving the liver and lungs commonly, it also affects other organs like brain, kidney and spleen. Rupture of Hydatid cyst into abdominal cavity causes disseminated abdominal hydatidosis which is a rare complication. Here this rare case was presenting as a 48 years old female patient of disseminated intra-abdominal hydatidosis. Disseminated abdominal hydatidosis occurs secondary to traumatic or surgical rupture of a hepatic cyst. Ultrasonography or Computed Tomography findings are helpful in making a definitive diagnosis. For localized hydatid cysts in liver or lungs, the management of choice is preferably surgical while the treatment for disseminated intra-abdominal hydatidosis remains medical. Albendazole is the treatment of choice for disseminated abdominal hydatidosis.
Diabetes-related Clinical Complications: Novel Approaches for Diagnosis and M...asclepiuspdfs
Metabolic diseases such as hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and vascular diseases have reached epidemic proportions worldwide. In the past four decades, childhood and adolescent obesity has increased four-fold worldwide. During the same period, obesity in adults has doubled and diabetes has increased by four-fold. In China, India, and the USA, the number of prediabetes is more than diabetics. This population is at considerable risk for developing diabetes, its clinical complications, and acute vascular events. The management of modifiable risks for cardiometabolic risks has improved considerably. Several major studies have demonstrated, that robust management of modifiable risks for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), significantly reduces premature mortality from CVDs. Considering the progress made in the risk assessment, risk management, we feel strongly, that not much progress is made in the areas of primary prevention and early risk assessment, for clinical complications associated with metabolic diseases, in particular, diabetes. The majority of the clinical complications associated with diabetes are due to dysfunction of the vascular system or nervous system. Complications include vasculopathy leading to subclinical atherosclerosis, heart attacks, and stroke.
APPROACH TO DIABETES DIAGNOSIS A ReviewClaire Webber
This document discusses approaches to diagnosing diabetes. It begins by providing background on diabetes as a global epidemic. There are various types of diabetes classified as type 1 and type 2. Blood samples are used to check glycemia levels through tests like oral glucose tolerance tests and HbA1c levels. Urine can also indicate sugar levels. Early diagnosis is important to minimize complications like damage to nerves, eyes, heart, and kidneys. The document focuses on the importance of HbA1c testing to assess glycemia over the past 3 months and improve patient care and monitoring of their condition.
This document summarizes diabetes mellitus (DM), including its main types, causes, classification, prevalence, and complications. DM refers to high blood glucose caused by issues with insulin secretion or insulin resistance. It is classified into type 1 DM (caused by lack of insulin) and type 2 DM (caused by insulin resistance and relative lack of insulin). DM is a leading cause of kidney failure, lower limb amputations, blindness and cardiovascular disease. Its prevalence has greatly increased worldwide in recent decades.
This document discusses diabetes mellitus (DM), including its definition, symptoms, long-term effects, and global burden. DM is characterized by high blood glucose levels resulting from defects in insulin production or action. It can cause serious complications affecting the eyes, kidneys, nerves, and heart. The number of people with DM is growing rapidly worldwide and is projected to reach over 330 million by 2025, with three-quarters living in low- and middle-income countries. India has a particularly high prevalence, with over 77 million adults affected, making it the diabetes capital of the world. Without treatment, DM can be fatal, and it also increases the risks of other diseases like tuberculosis.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) refers to a group of common metabolic disorders that share the phenotype of hyperglycemia.
Several distinct types of DM are caused by a complex interaction of genetics and environmental factors.
Depending on the etiology of the DM, factors contributing to hyperglycemia include reduced insulin secretion, decreased glucose utilization, and increased glucose production.
The metabolic dysregulation associated with DM causes secondary pathophysiologic changes in multiple organ systems that impose a tremendous burden on the individual with diabetes and on the health care system.
This document discusses diabetes and cardiovascular disease. It defines diabetes and describes its increasing worldwide prevalence. It notes that diabetes significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases like coronary artery disease and stroke. The pathophysiology of diabetic vascular disease is described, including how hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress damage blood vessels and promote atherosclerosis. The document also outlines criteria for diagnosing diabetes and the role diabetes plays in various cardiovascular conditions.
This document discusses a study evaluating the presence of isolated left axis deviation (LAD) in diabetic patients and its relationship to various factors. The study found LAD present in 35% of diabetic patients compared to 8% of controls, indicating structural heart disease. LAD was more common in type 2 diabetics, those with high triglycerides or BMI, but not related to HbA1c or duration of diabetes. The document provides background on diabetes, its classification and diagnostic criteria, complications, and goals for glycemic control according to the American Diabetes Association.
This document discusses subtypes of type 2 diabetes (T2D). It describes how T2D is a heterogeneous disease with varying characteristics, progression, and risk of complications. The document outlines research that identified five distinct subclusters within T2D based on clinical parameters like autoantibodies, age of onset, HbA1c, BMI, and measures of insulin resistance and secretion. These subclusters showed different risks for complications - for example, the severe insulin-deficient subtype had higher risk of retinopathy and neuropathy, while the severe insulin-resistant subtype had highest risk of diabetic kidney disease and fatty liver. Identifying these subtypes could help personalize treatment for diabetes patients.
Diabetes is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia. The prevalence of diabetes has risen dramatically worldwide over the past few decades. Diabetes greatly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease like coronary artery disease. Patients with diabetes have a 2-4 times higher risk of cardiovascular disease and it often develops decades earlier than in non-diabetic patients. Diabetes contributes to both microvascular complications like nephropathy and retinopathy as well as macrovascular complications from atherosclerosis.
1) Diabetes is a growing global problem, with an estimated 415 million cases worldwide as of 2015. Rates are increasing rapidly in developing countries.
2) South East Asia will be particularly challenged, with projections of 140.2 million cases in the region by 2040 due to risks like changing lifestyles and diets.
3) Diabetes poses serious health risks like heart disease and kidney failure and is a major cause of death. Without proper management of the disease and associated risk factors, these complications can reduce life expectancy in diabetic patients.
Three famous individuals struggled with chronic kidney disease: former rugby player Jonah Lomu who had a transplant, film director Alfred Hitchcock who died of renal failure, and the fictional Tiny Tim from A Christmas Carol who appeared to have chronic kidney disease alongside rickets. Chronic kidney disease can have various causes such as genetics, obesity, diabetes or environmental factors as represented by these three examples. Chronic kidney disease is defined as long term kidney damage and is associated with increased mortality, often progressing to end stage renal disease. It affects millions worldwide and prevalence is expected to increase significantly in coming decades due to aging populations and risk factors like diabetes and hypertension.
Evaluation of the risk factors for the development of metabolic syndrome in b...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that evaluated risk factors for metabolic syndrome in Babylon, Iraq in 2012. The study found that 31.1% of patients had a low risk, 50.8% had a moderate risk, and 18.1% had a high risk of metabolic syndrome. There was a significant association between risk of metabolic syndrome and age, as well as associations between risk levels and factors like hypertension, triglycerides, overweight/obesity, central obesity, diabetes, and low HDL cholesterol. The study concluded that the risk of metabolic syndrome in Babylon increased with the number of risk factors present and with advancing age.
Hi,follwoing matter and list of reference will useful for your res.pdfarasequ
Hi,
follwoing matter and list of reference will useful for your research on diabetes
Diabetes is a complex metabolic issue that is progressively influencing the world\'s
populace. Its wellbeing and monetary outcomes are significant. The WHO Global
Procedure for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases perceives diabetes
as one of its need conditions (1). The larger part of individuals with diabetes live in low-and
center salary nations, where the commonness is expanding significantly. A few thorough
trials in chose populaces have demonstrated that diabetes and its confusions can be counteracted
then again postponed. This paper diagrams the populace and clinical research that can be
directed in
low-asset settings and that can possibly diminish the weight of diabetes in low-and
center wage nations. The points incorporate needs in making an interpretation of clinical trial
comes about into
essential and auxiliary aversion, indicative criteria refinement and enhanced demonstrative
what\'s more, observing techniques, appraisal and administration of comorbidity with irresistible
maladies, reconnaissance and monetary assessment of mediations. 1. Diabetes and its worldwide
weight Diabetes mellitus is a mind boggling set of metabolic issue described by unending
hyperglycaemia and unsettling influences of sugar, fat and protein digestion system coming
about because of absconds in insulin emission, insulin activity or both (2). The long haul,
generally particular
inconveniences of diabetes mellitus are prevalently vascular and incorporate the advancement
of retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy. Individuals with diabetes additionally have an
altogether
expanded danger of cardiovascular, fringe blood vessel and cerebrovascular malady. The
significant sorts of
diabetes are sort 1, sort 2 and gestational diabetes, however a few different types of diabetes exist
and there seems, by all accounts, to be an expanding extent of atypical presentations of diabetes
in some low-and center pay nations (3). The analysis of diabetes is affirmed by exhibiting raised
blood/plasma glucose levels either in fasting or post-challenge states. A wide range of diabetes
include both hereditary vulnerability (albeit quite a bit of this still remains obscure) and
presentation to undesirable situations or ways of life. The recurrence of right now known
qualities connected with vulnerability to diabetes is high, however their esteem in foreseeing
future diabetes stays low (4). It is assessed that 285 million individuals have diabetes in 2010,
and around 70% of them live in
creating nations (5). The weight of diabetes is all around delineated by the way that while 3%
of an aggregate populace is dealt with for diabetes and its inconveniences, the malady devours
around 10–15% of the whole medicinal services spending plan (6). In spite of the fact that
populace based information are
rare, accessible studies demonstrate that diabetes is a vital reason for dismalness and .
This document provides information about diabetes and diabetic retinopathy for medical students. It outlines learning objectives related to understanding diabetes demographics, diagnosis, complications, and treatments. Key points include that diabetes affects over 29 million Americans and has significant medical costs. Diabetic retinopathy is a leading cause of blindness and its progression can be slowed by controlling blood sugar and blood pressure. The document also defines the stages of diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema.
There has been an increase in the predominance of diabetes mellitus over the past 40 years worldwide. The worldwide occurrence of diabetes in 2000 was approximately 2.8% and is estimated to grow to 4.4% by 2030. This data interprets a projected rise of diabetes from 171 million in 2000 to well over 350 million in 2030. The presence of hypertension in diabetic patients substantially increases the risks of coronary heart disease, stroke, nephropathy and retinopathy. Indeed, when hypertension coexists with diabetes, the risk of CVD is increased by 75%, which further contributes to the overall morbidity and mortality of an already high risk population. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus have a considerably higher risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and are disproportionately affected by cardiovascular disease. Most of this excess risk is associated with high prevalence of well-established risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidaemia and obesity in these patients. Hypertension plays a major role in the development and progression of microvascular and macrovascular disease in people with diabetes. Lifestyle Modifications and pharmacotherapy are the choice for the Management of Hypertension in Patients with Diabetes.
This document discusses a protocol for a systematic review that aims to synthesize evidence on the relative risk of mortality in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It provides background on the prevalence of T2DM and discusses inconsistencies in reported mortality rates. The systematic review will explore all-cause mortality risk in T2DM expressed as hazard ratios, and examine subgroups based on age, gender, socioeconomic factors and causes of death. The review expects to pool data from large cohort studies to accurately summarize the actual mortality risk in T2DM with limited bias and help direct future research.
The growing epidemic of type 2 diabetes is one of the leading causes of premature morbidity and mortality worldwide, mainly due to the micro- and macrovascular complications associated with the disease. A growing body of evidence suggests that although the risk of developing complications is greater with glucose levels beyond the established
1) This document reviews the impact of glucose-lowering drugs on cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes patients.
2) It discusses the natural history and pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes, including the increased risk of cardiovascular complications.
3) The review examines the effects of various oral and injectable glucose-lowering drugs on established cardiovascular risk factors and long-term cardiovascular outcomes based on evidence from epidemiological studies and clinical trials.
Abstract— Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic and progressive condition with a hereditary predisposition which is further induced by unhealthy lifestyle. It is a silent killer with cardiovascular complications being most common cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with T2DM.
Objective: To find out association of socio demographic and clinical parameters of diabetes type 2 with hypertension and dyslipidemia among Diabetes Mellitus type 2 cases aged 18 to 70 years. Methodology: A cross sectional hospital based study was conducted on 272 type 2 DM patients attending Department of Medicine in a secondary care referral hospital after taking consent.
Results: Hypertension was present in 192 (70.59%) and dyslipidemia was present in 93 (34.19%) of type 2 diabetes patients. Age, family income, presence of family history, duration of illness, type of treatment, consumption of alcohol , BMI, Hba1c level were found to be associated significantly with both hypertension and dyslipidemia in type 2 DM patients.
Similar to Dermatoglyphics in diabetes mellitus of type 2 (20)
This study examined the association between fingerprint patterns on the right and left second digits and intelligence quotient (IQ) level in 342 Iranian adolescents. The adolescents were divided into three groups based on their IQ scores: a talented group with IQs over 120, a normal group with IQs of 70-120, and a learning disabilities group with IQs below 70. The researchers found some significant differences in fingerprint patterns between the groups on the right second digit, but no significant differences on the left second digit. The study supports an association between some fingerprint patterns on the right second digit and IQ level in adolescents. Further research with larger sample sizes is recommended.
The document describes a laboratory exercise for students to analyze fingerprint patterns, total ridge counts, and angles of triradii deviation (ATD) among classmates and individuals with Down syndrome to study the genetics underlying these dermatoglyphic traits. Students will take fingerprints and palm prints, classify patterns, count ridges, measure ATD angles, and compare results between individuals to explore polygenic inheritance and developmental influences on these quantitative traits.
1) The study analyzed dermatoglyphic patterns such as digital patterns, ATD angles, ridge counts, and triradii on the hands of 30 prostate cancer patients and 30 normal subjects in Nigeria.
2) Significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of higher mean A-B and B-C ridge counts, and lower mean ATD angles, in the prostate cancer patients compared to normal subjects.
3) These characteristic dermatoglyphic patterns associated with prostate cancer could potentially provide a tool for early diagnosis of prostate cancer among Nigerians.
The Future lies in your fingerprints
Studying genetic coding via fingerprint mapping, researchers can find precisely what your child can grow up to be choosing the Right Career Path
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The study examined dermatoglyphic parameters such as fingerprint patterns, ridge counts, and atd angles in 100 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis compared to 100 healthy controls. It found whorl patterns were predominant in patients (56.6%) compared to controls (23.8%), while loop patterns decreased. Total and absolute finger ridge counts were significantly higher in patients. The atd angle was also significantly narrower in patients. This suggests dermatoglyphic analysis may help in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis.
The document summarizes a study on dermatoglyphic patterns in 137 patients diagnosed with infantile autism. The study found a broad range of dermatoglyphic anomalies in patients with autism compared to healthy controls. Specifically:
1) Patients with autism had higher frequencies of arch patterns and lower frequencies of loop patterns on fingers compared to controls.
2) Patients also showed atypical palmar dermatoglyphic patterns including differences in ridge count patterns and triradius positions.
3) Both digital and palmar dermatoglyphic anomalies occurred more frequently in autism patients of both sexes and were often more pronounced on the left hand. These dermatoglyphic distortions
Dermatoglyphics in diabetes mellitus of type 2CA. Sanjay Ruia
The document discusses a study analyzing dermatoglyphic patterns on the palms of 190 Romanian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The results found significant pathological dermatoglyphic distortions and anomalies in the T2DM patients compared to controls. Specifically, over 55% of patients had a partial suppression of line C, which was more common in women at 38% compared to 33% in men. While individual dermatoglyphic distortions may serve as markers for early T2DM diagnosis, two differences in overall palm patterns allow differentiation of T2DM from type 1 diabetes mellitus.
The document summarizes a study on dermatoglyphic patterns in 137 patients diagnosed with infantile autism. The study found a broad range of dermatoglyphic anomalies in patients with autism compared to healthy controls. Specifically:
1) Patients with autism had higher frequencies of arch patterns and lower frequencies of loop patterns on fingers compared to controls.
2) Patients also showed atypical palmar dermatoglyphic patterns including differences in ridge count patterns and triradius positions.
3) Both digital and palmar dermatoglyphic anomalies occurred more frequently in autism patients of both sexes and were often more pronounced on the left hand. These dermatoglyphic distortions
This study examined the relationship between dermatoglyphic patterns, fluctuating asymmetry, and positive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia. 72 schizophrenia patients and 72 controls were studied. Schizophrenic subjects had significantly lower ridge counts in both hands compared to controls. Fluctuating asymmetry was significantly higher in schizophrenic subjects. Schizophrenics with predominantly negative symptoms showed significantly lower ridge counts and higher fluctuating asymmetry than schizophrenics with positive symptoms. The findings support the hypothesis that schizophrenia could be related to central nervous system developmental abnormalities.
Dermatoglyphic investigations on infantile autismCA. Sanjay Ruia
This document summarizes the findings of a study comparing dermatoglyphic (fingerprint) patterns in two groups of people with infantile autism. The 2008 group consisted of 207 individuals (104 boys and 103 girls), more than the 2003 group of 137. Several fingerprint distortions were found at significantly different rates between the groups, such as increased radial arcs and reduced fingerprint ridge spacing, suggesting an increased pathological load in the 2008 group. Sex differences in distortion frequencies were consistent between groups. Most distortions occurred more often on the left hand. Overall, distortion rates differed from a reference group, indicating genetic/teratogenic factors influence fingerprint development in autism before birth. The results help characterize dermatoglyphic indicators for diagnosing
Dermatoglyphic anomalies and neurocognitive deficits in siblingCA. Sanjay Ruia
1) Sibling pairs discordant for schizophrenia spectrum disorders were assessed for neurocognitive performance and dermatoglyphic anomalies.
2) Affected siblings performed significantly worse on tests of executive function, set shifting, and attention compared to their unaffected siblings.
3) Affected siblings also had a greater number of dermatoglyphic anomalies including abnormal palmar flexion creases and ridge dissociations.
4) However, no significant association was found between dermatoglyphic anomalies and neurocognitive deficits in the affected siblings, suggesting a role for genetic or late environmental factors in the origin of their cognitive impairments.
The brain develops rapidly in early childhood as neurons form connections in response to stimuli and experiences. Early learning peaks between ages 3-10 but continues through life. Parents and caregivers play a critical role by providing loving, consistent care; talking and reading to infants and children; exposing them to music and physical activities; and mirroring behaviors to nurture. Positive experiences in early childhood help organize the brain and form the building blocks for human interactions, while neglect or trauma can cause later problems.
The document discusses brain development in young children. It makes three key points:
1) A child's environment and experiences have a huge impact on how their brain cells connect, with loving interactions stimulating growth. During early childhood, the brain undergoes rapid growth and pruning of unused connections.
2) "Windows of opportunity" exist when specific skills like language and motor skills are most easily learned. Stimulating activities during these periods helps the brain develop important circuits.
3) Providing children with responsive care, a language-rich environment, opportunities for safe exploration and limiting TV can help optimize brain development and readiness for school. Loving relationships are crucial for healthy development.
This document discusses the future of biometrics technologies and their potential applications. It provides an overview of current biometrics technologies including facial scanning, iris scanning, retina scanning, finger scanning, and hand scanning. The document also discusses expanding these technologies to assess character and medical diagnoses by recognizing patterns in biometric scans. Potential applications mentioned include health care, education, employment, security, and government/military uses.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
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Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
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1. JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
2006; 14 (1-2): 60-70
DERMATOGLYPHICS IN DIABETES MELLITUS OF TYPE 2
(T2DM) OR NON-INSULINDEPENDENT
Ana Ţarcă
Iaşi Branch of the Romanian Academy - Department of Anthropology, România
Abstract. Aim. The study is aimed to analyze the pathology of palmary dermatoglyphics of a
group of population from Moldova (North-East part of Romania). Materials and methods.
The study was performed on a group of 190 patients (60 men and 130 women), affected by
diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM), aged between 40 and 82. The installation of the disease has
occurred between the age of 35 and 80 years of age. Results. The results reached in the
analysis of the 380 dermatoglyphic files have been compared with those recorded (by the
author) for T1DM - affected patients, and for a reference sample from the same geographical
region with the former ones. The observation to be made is that, regardless of the age of the
malady’s onset or of the afferent complications generated by T2DM in time, the patients
evidenced a palmary dermatoglyphic picture with a deep pathological charge, suggestively
illustrated by 10 important distortions or anomalies carrying profound medical significance.
Associated in various combinations, between 3 and 6, in the palmar print of each affected
person, such anomalies recorded values sensibly different from those of the reference sample,
being quite close to the behavior of T1DM - affected patients, in whom - actually - the clinical
manifestations of the malady are (generally) similar. If, by its 10 individual palmary
distortions T2DM is highly resembling T1DM, once they might be utilized as ,,markers” for a
precocious diagnosis of the persons in whom the risk of T2DM is quite high, two important
deviations at the level of the whole palmary picture permit the differentiation of the two forms
of diabetes for further possible populational studies have been evidenced. They refer to the
sensible diminution of the pattern frequency in the interdigital space IV, which led to a
different positioning of this compartment in the classical distribution formula, namely: III >
Hp > IV > Th/I > II instead of: IV > III > Hp > Th/I > II. Conclusions. Distorsions might be
markers in the individual diagnosis. Dermatoglyphic test represent one of the procedure for
tracing diabetes in population.
Key words: palmary dermatoglyphics, distortions or anomalies, pathology, type 2 diabetes
mellitus (T2DM)
Rezumat. Scop. Scopul studiului a fost analizarea patologiei dermatoglifelor palmare pe un
lot de persoane din Moldova (Nord-Estul României). Material şi metode. Studiul s-a efectuat
pe un lot de 190 pacienţi (60 bărbaţi şi 130 femei) diagnosticaţi cu T2DM, cu vârsta cuprinsă
între 40 şi 82 de ani şi cu un debut al bolii între 35 şi 80 ani. Rezultate. Rezultatele obţinute
din analiza celor 380 fişe dermatoglifice au fost studiate comparativ cu cele constatate de autor
la pacienţii cu T1DM şi pe un eşantion martor din aceeaşi zonă cu afectaţii. Se constată că,
indiferent de vârsta la debut a bolii sau de complicaţiile aferente generate în timp de T2DM,
pacienţii prezintă un tablou dermatoglific palmar cu o mare încărcătură patologică, sugestiv
ilustrată prin 10 distorsiuni sau anomalii cu profunde semnificaţii medicale. Asociate în
diverse combinaţii între 3 şi 6 în amprenta fiecărui afectat, pe ansamblul eşantionului aceste
anomalii înregistrează valori care se distanţează sensibil de cele ale lotului martor, în schimb,
60
2. DERMATOGLYPHICS IN DIABETES MELLITUS OF TYPE 2
se apropie mult de comportamentul pacienţilor cu T1DM, la care manifestările clinice ale bolii
sunt, în general, asemănătoare. Dacã prin cele 10 distorsiuni palmare individuale T2DM se
apropie de T1DM, ele putând servi ca ,,markeri” în diagnosticarea precoce a persoanelor cu
risc pentru T2DM, pe ansamblul tabloului palmar s-au evidenţiat două importante abateri de la
normalitate care permit departajarea celor două forme de diabet în posibile studii
populaţionale. Ele constau în diminuarea sensibilă a frecvenţei de model în spaţiul IV
interdigital care a condus la schimbarea poziţiei acestui compartiment în formula clasică de
distribuţie în sensul: III > Hp > IV > Th/I > II în loc de IV > III > Hp > Th/I > II. Concluzii.
Distorsiunile pot fi markeri în diagnosticul individual al bolii. Testul dermatoglific reprezintă
o altă procedură de identificare a diabetului în populaţie.
Cuvinte cheie: dermatoglife palmare, distorsiuni sau anomalii, patologie, diabet zaharat
tipul 2 (T2DM)
INTRODUCTION new cases of diabetes, mainly for the
Nowadays, it is unanimously recognized, 35-65 years segment of age.
that diabetes, generally, and type 2 As to the developed countries, in the
diabetes, especially, represents a major following 25 years to come, the
threatening of the public health number of the cases of diabetes
condition worldwide, if considering recorded now will get double, affected
the epidemic ratios recorded at people being persons - 65 years and
planetary scale seen as dramatically over (7, 19, 20, 22).
increasing all over the world (4, 6, 19, 21). The rapid evolution of diabetic
In 2030, it is estimated that the total pandemy, especially of type 2, which
number of diabetes - affected people is the most frequent one among all
will reach 366 millions. This idea is forms of diabetes known up to now, is
also supported by the fact that, mainly caused by the general aging
annually, 3.2 million persons die of tendency of the population, rapid
diabetes, 8,700 die every day, 6 persons social and cultural changes, rapid
every minute, which explains the urbanization, modification of the life
anticipations provided by World Health style and, implicitly, of the diet, etc,
Organization (WHO), International all these elements generating stress,
Diabetes Federation (IFD), European which is a key factor in provoking the
Association for the Study of Diabetes malady (20). According to the estimations
(EASD) and European Diabetes Care of the Eurodiab Association, the
Predicators (EURO DIAB) according epidemy of diabetes (T2, especially)
to which, in the future diabetes will be will become more severe in Romania,
on the top of the mortality and morbidity as a consequence of globalization,
causes along with cardio-vascular manifested in the new life style
diseases and cancer (20, 21, 22). adopted by most of the people, lack of
Mostly affected by this epidemy of the physical activities, hypercaloric diets,
21st century will be the under developed contributing to a considerable extent
and the developing countries which will to the appearance of the first clinical
take over probably about 80% of the signs of the malady (4, 6, 20). About
50.000 new cases of T2DM are
61
3. Ana Ţarcă
recorded, annually in our county of pattern of insulin secretion in persons
which 47% with HTA, 55% with liable to T2DM - risk, a parameter that
dislipidemies, 37% with cardio- might be employed as a marker in
vascular diseases, 22% with neuro- or their precocious detection; to an
polyneuropathies, 12% with retinopathies, increased blood proinsulin ratio, as
5% with nephropathies, constituting due to its more reduced conversion
irreversible complications induced by into insulin, with age (4, 6, 8,11).
diabetes type 2. Sometimes, such deficiencies might
Unlike T1DM, which is an auto- generate modifications in the sensitivity
immune malady with a sudden and of the peripherical tissues in utilizing
tumultuous debut, at early ages insulin as a sort of insulin-resistance
(childhood and adolescence), T2DM (the second side of T2DM).
has a much slower and non apparent Nevertheless, the latter one may be
debut, or even masked by another genetically conditioned as well (a
affection generated in time being also proof of this being that T2DM is more
discovered much later, after the ages frequently occurring in persons with a
of 40 (16, 17). positive diabetic history in the family),
According to the definitions supported or by an excessive accumulation in
by the latest progress recorded in the blood of the free fatty acids and by
field, T2DM constitutes a profound their subsequent deposition both in
and complex disorder of the general beta insulinic cells and in the muscular
metabolism, in which there are tissue, as triglycerides, which impedes
involved - in variable ratios - the the transport and retention of glucose
deficiency in insulin secretion of the with 40% (versus the normal value)
beta - pancreatic cells, on one side, and the synthesis of glycogen - with
and the resistance of the peripheral 60%, thus facilitating the death,
(muscular, adipose, hepatic, etc.) through apoptosis - of some muscular
tissues in employing insulin for cells and sensibilization of the
transporting glucose in blood and for remaining ones in utilizing insulin,
its subsequent transformation in sometimes with steatonecrosis of the
glycogen (the so called insulin- myocardium (12). Thus, the risk for
resistant), on the other side (5, 6, 21). T2DM increases with the increase of
The insulin-secreting deficiency of the the bodily weight and abdominal
beta-pancreatic cells has multiple obesity.
causes, a very important role being From a hereditary perspective,
attributed to: the reduction in the studies developed on twins or on
mass of such cells with 30-40%, families with one or more members
which may be either a hereditary cause affected by T2DM, along several
or it may be caused by a prolonged successive generations, evidenced an
hyperlgicemy, leading to the death - ample genetic charge of T2DM,
through necrosis or programmed suggestively illustrated by a high
apoptosis - of some of the beta cells; index of the malady’s concordance in
the modification of the oscillating monozygote twins (about 100%), as
62
4. DERMATOGLYPHICS IN DIABETES MELLITUS OF TYPE 2
well as by a higher risk of its Consequently, the author will try to
appearance in once removed relatives demonstrate the existence or the
of the affected persons - which is 20- absence - in the dermatoglyphic
40% higher versus only 2-6%, which picture of T2DM patients - of some
are the values found in the normal characteristic malformative sketches,
population (4,5,11,18). as well as the ratios they record in the
As in the case of T1DM, the genes group taken into study.
responsible for T2 DM are multiple,
even hundreds, some of them being MATERIALS AND METHODS
responsible for the sensitiveness towards In the Center for Diabetology of the
the malady, others for its genesis, while ,,Sf. Spiridon” University Clinical
others assure the organism’s resistance Hospital of Iaşi, there have been
to T2 DM (4,18). Genes’ action is investigated dermatoglyphically 190
cumulative and selective consequently, patients (60 men and 130 women)
some of them being responsible for the suffering from T2DM, with ages
deficiency in insulin’s secretion, others between 40 and 82 years (95% of the
for the reduction of its biological men and 91% of the women being
action or for the peripherical insulin- older than 50), from whom 380
resistance, in spite of the fact that the palmary prints have been taken over.
mechanism of these multiple genes is The individual inquiry of each
not clearly known, as the mechanism affected person evidenced that the
of transmission to descendants still youngest age at which T2DM had
non-elucidated. been discovered was of 34 years in
For the situations of T2 DM transmitted women and 35 years in men, while the
exclusively through, maternal line, a oldest ones - 79 and 80 years respectively.
significant part in its genesis is played It is mentioned that, in 60% of the
by the mithocondrial DNA, which women and in 63% of the men the
encodes an important number of malady occurred between 50 and 65
proteins with genetic defects years. In 8.33% of cases in men and in
responsible both for the manifestation 20% of the women, the non-insulin-
of deficiencies in insulin secretion, dependent diabetes started with
and for the sensibilization of the specific clinical symptoms, such as:
peripherical tissues in the utilization of asthenia, fatigue, dry mouth, polyuria,
this hormone for assuring insulin- etc, in 33% of the men and 38% of the
resistance (5, 6, 18). Considering all the women the T2DM being discovered
above observations, and also the well- by routine tests. The rest-up to 100%
known relation of dermatoglyphics were diagnosed by the physician, as
with the malady, the present paper is precarious health conditions, such as:
devoted to the study of these AHT (arterial hypertension), ischemic
morphological characteristics, on a cardiopathy, myocardium infarct, atrial
group of subjects suffering from non- fibrillations, obliterant arteriopathy of the
insulindependent diabetes mellitus, all inferior members, chronic hepatitis,
coming from Moldova (2, 3, 13). hepatic cirrhosis, osteoporosis, lowering
63
5. Ana Ţarcă
of visual acuity, neuro- or polyneuropathy, comparatively to the normal values,
etc, most of them being secondary from which they are significantly
affections generated by an atypical, different (table 1). Part of these
inapparent diabetes, discovered much important distortions or anomalies
later (if considering the moment of its bearing grave clinical implications and
debut). The same individual inquiry have been also recorded in other
showed that, in 35% the patients (39% European groups of diabetics (9, 13).
women and 30% men), T2DM is The observation has been therefore
hereditary. made that most of the T2DM -
For all evidenced dermatoglyphic affected patients (55.79%), the
pathology, there have been also feminine series, especially (58.48%) -
analyzed sexual dismorphism, the are carriers of the partial suppression
bilateral differences as well as their of line C (Cx) which, as a formation
uni- or bilateral disposition in the bearing severe pathological implications,
carriers, which illustrates the extent to reach an average ratio of 36.58%
which the patients are affected from (38.07% in women and 33.48% in
this perspective. The results obtained men) occurring especially on the left
have been compared with those palm, in both sexes (table 1) (2, 13).
recorded on patients suffering from In a decreasing order of their frequency
insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus after Cx, more frequently anomalies
coming from the same region and also occurring in the study group are the
with those of a reference sample from followings: arrangement of the
Moldova (North-East part of Romania) papillary ridges from Th/I in a dense
(13, 16, 17). and very dense network, with an
The methods applied are those currently average weight of 31.84%, being only
employed in investigations of pathologic less frequent in women and mainly on
dermatoglyphics (2, 3, 9, 13, 15). the patients’ left palm; the presence of
2, 3 or 4 triradia (tt’t’’, etc.) in the
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION same palm of the patients, an anomaly
The individual analysis of palmary discovered in equal ratios (around
dermatoglyphics, to which the present 27.50%) in the two sexes and
study has been devoted, permitted especially on the patients’ right palm;
evidencing of 10 important sketches or total suppression of line C (Co) in an
malformative signals with deep average ratio of 15,93%, present more
pathological significance, which occurs frequently in men than in women, and
grouped, in a number ranging between on the left hand of both sexes; the
3 and 6, in various positions and much more reduced a-b distance,
combinations, in the palm of each more frequently observed in women
patient. At the level of the whole group, and especially on the left palm (mainly
each of these distortions or anomalies when referring to the masculine series
should attain extremely high ratios, (20.0% versus 6% on the right palm);
64
6. DERMATOGLYPHICS IN DIABETES MELLITUS OF TYPE 2
Table 1. Percent distribution, according to hand and sex, of the palmary anomalies -
comparative data
Palmary Malady + Masculine series Feminine series Total
anomalies reference L R L+R L R L+R L R L+R
sample
AR T2DM - 10.00 5.00 3.85 5.40 4.61 2.63 6.84 4.74
in Hp T1DM - 6.90 3.50 4.10 10.70 7.30 2.25 9.02 5.64
Reference - 1.00 0.50 - 1.00 0.50 - 1.00 0.50
sample
Lu T2DM 11.66 13.33 12.50 10.00 12.31 11.15 10.53 12.63 11.58
in Hp T1DM 12.07 13.79 12.93 17.33 10.79 14.00 15.03 12.03 13.53
Reference 1.00 2.00 1.50 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 1.50 1.75
sample
tt’, tt’t’’ T2DM 25.00 30.00 27.50 17.69 36.92 27.31 20.00 34.74 27.37
etc. T1DM 27.58 41.38 34.48 29.33 38.66 34.00 28.57 39.84 34.21
Reference 15.00 16.00 15.50 16.00 17.00 16.50 15.50 16.50 15.75
sample
T2DM 25.00 18.33 21.66 30.77 20.00 25.38 28.95 19.47 24.21
T11 and T12 T1DM 29.31 15.52 22.41 36.00 18.66 27.33 33.08 17.29 25.18
Reference 5.00 2.00 3.50 7.00 4.00 5.50 6.00 3.00 4.50
sample
T2DM 3.33 1.66 2.50 4.61 4.61 4.61 4.21 3.68 3.95
to T1DM - - - 2.66 - 1.33 1.50 - 0.75
Reference - - - - - - - - -
sample
Dense and T2DM 30.00 30.00 30.00 35.38 30.00 32.62 33.68 30.00 31.84
very dense T1DM 24.13 27.58 25.86 50.66 48.00 49.33 39.09 39.09 39.09
network Reference 3.00 5.00 4.00 5.00 7.00 6.00 4.00 6.00 5.00
in Th/I sample
a-b<21mm T2DM 20.00 6.00 13.33 16.92 16.15 16.54 17.89 13.16 15.53
in F and 24 T1DM 36.21 44.83 40.51 9.33 18.66 14.00 21.00 30.07 25.56
mm in M Reference 11.00 13.00 12.00 9.00 12.00 10.50 10.00 12.50 11.25
sample
T2DM 41.66 25.00 33.48 43.08 33.07 38.07 42.63 30.53 36.58
Cx T1DM 41.38 36.21 38.79 37.33 25.33 31.33 39.09 30.07 34.58
Reference 14.00 8.00 11.00 7.00 3.00 5.00 10.50 5.50 8.00
sample
T2DM 20.00 18.33 19.17 13.08 12.30 12.69 16.54 15.31 15.93
Co T1DM 12.07 8.62 10.34 10.68 4.00 7.33 11.28 6.01 8.65
Reference 3.00 2.00 2.50 5.00 2.00 3.50 4.00 2.00 3.00
sample
Transverse T2DM 16.66 10.00 13.33 20.00 8.46 14.23 18.95 9.00 13.95
palmary T1DM 13.79 12.07 12.93 14.66 9.33 12.00 14.28 10.52 12.40
sulcus Reference 3.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 1.50
sample
T2DM = Diabetes Mellitus type 2 - 190 subjects of which 60 M and 130 F
T1DM = Diabetes Mellitus type 1 - 133 subjects of which 58 M and 75 F (Ana Ţarcă 2005)
Reference sample - 200 subjects of which 100 M and 100 F (Ana Ţarcă 1995)
65
7. Ana Ţarcă
the transverse palmary sulcus, or the T2DM and T1DM. The same table
Simian line, an atavistic formation shows that the two forms of diabetes
which - quite unexpectedly - is more manifest similar tendencies to both
frequent in women, prioritarily on the left sexes and the bilateral distribution of
palm, as also in the case of other the 10 anomalies, which suggests the
maladies, attaining 13.95% (2, 9, 13, 15); possible utilization of such anomalies as
the ulnar loop in Hypothenar (Lu) ,,markers” in a precocious tracing of both
occurring only slightly more frequently T1DM and T2DM of the disease
in men, comparatively to women (i.e., screening in population.
12.50% and 11.15% respectively), and The manner in which the 10 anomalies
slightly more on the left hand (table occur in their carriers, on either one or
1); the radial arch of Hypothenar on both palms simultaneously, which
(AR), prevailing on the right palm of actually indirectly illustrates the patients’
the patients, with quite close ratios in extent of affection from a dermatoglyphic
both sexes and finally; the absence perspective, is suggestively presented
from the palm of triradius t(to) a in Table 2. Thus, most of the ten
distortion occurring in almost double palmary distortions, i.e., T11 + T12, to,
frequencies in women, comparatively a-b, Cx, Co and transverse palmary
with men (4.61% and 2.50% sulcus record highest frequencies for
respectively), being slightly more their exclusive disposition on the
frequent on the left palm of the patients’ left palm; AR, Lu, tt’tt’t” for
affected ones (4.21% versus 3.68% on their presence only on the right palm
the right palm). Table 1 also shows (although, in both cases, the bilateral
that the ten malformative sketches disposition is numerically well-
noticed in T2DM have been found, as represented), while the dense and very
well, in the patients suffering from dense network of the ridges from Th/I,
insulin-dependent diabetes, some of have simultaneous disposition on both
them even in close ratios (AR, Lu, T11 palms (59.21%). The quite high
+ T12, Cx, transverse palmary sulcus) frequencies recorded for the bilateral
(16, 17). disposition of the 10 distortions, to which
The first three and the last two one should add the ones for the prioritary
positions in the hierarchization - in presence on one or another of the two
decreasing order - of the frequency of hands, suggest the ample pathological
the anomalies described are almost charge of the dermatoglyphic image of
similar in the two forms of diabetes the T2DM - affected ones’ palm, which
(T2DM, T1DM) (table 1). From the should be correlated with the multiple
other 5 distortions, it is only the secondary affections present in the
palmary sulcus to hold one and the clinical picture, as generated by this
same position (the seventh) in the malady.
succession formula of its frequency in
66
8. DERMATOGLYPHICS IN DIABETES MELLITUS OF TYPE 2
Table 2. Disposition - in the carriers - of the palmary anomalies in T2DM versus T1DM
Palmary anomalies Affected Only on the Only on the On both Total
people left palm right palm palms carriers
AR T2DM 6.66 73.33 20.00 7.89
in Hp T1DM 7.69 76.92 15.38 9.77
LU T2DM 31.43 42.86 25.71 18.42
in Hp T1DM 44.83 31.03 24.13 21.80
tt’t’’; T2DM 19.51 53.66 26.83 43.16
tt’t’’tu, etc. T1DM 14.51 38.71 46.77 46.61
T11 + T12 T2DM 46.37 20.29 33.33 36.31
T1DM 58.18 20.00 21.82 41.35
to T2DM 41.66 33.33 25.00 6.31
T1DM 100.00 - - 1.50
Dense and very T2DM 25.00 15.79 59.21 40.00
dense network in Th/I T1DM 17.46 17.46 65.08 47.37
a-b< 21 mm in F T2DM 41.86 20.93 37.20 22.63
and 24 mm in M T1DM 16.66 41.66 41.66 36.09
Cx T2DM 48.11 23.58 28.31 55.80
T1DM 39.39 21.21 39.39 49.62
Co T2DM 34.88 32.56 32.56 22.63
T1DM 52.94 11.76 35.29 12.78
Transverse T2DM 36.11 27.77 36.11 18.95
palmary sulcus T1DM 46.15 26.92 26.92 19.55
As in the case of other European IV being placed on the 3rd place in the
sample groups of diabetics suffering formula III > Hp > IV > Th/I > II
from T2DM, investigated by instead of IV > III > Hp > Th/I > II, a
Knussman and Chakravantti cited by reversion considered as one of the
Loesch – 1983, besides the above most severe anomalies of the whole
described individual distortions, there series, evidenced, besides us, by other
have been also noticed, at the level of authors in heart congenital
the whole palmary picture and, malformations and other grave
especially, for the masculine series, a cardio-vascular diseases (9, 13, 15).
spectacular diminution of the One should nevertheless mention the
patterns’ frequency in the interdigital fact that such general distortion at the
space IV, up to 19.16% versus 48.6% level of the palm is the only one which
- the value recorded in the men of the differentiates the T2DM from the
reference sample (9). This situation T1DM patients and which might be
induced a change in the classical consequently employed as a ,,marker”
succession of patterns’ distribution in in distinguishing the two forms of
the 5 palmary compartments, space diabetes in populational studies meant
67
9. Ana Ţarcă
at a timely tracing of the persons at sketches of any malady. The 3
risk, if considering the extremely large remaining anomalies (AR, Lu, tt’t”),
occurrence of the malady in the evidenced a higher frequency on the
population of Romania. right palm of the patients of both
sexes.
CONCLUSIONS Actually, the manner in which the
Study of the palmary dermatoglyphics palmary anomalies appear in the
of the T2DM - affected patients has carriers, on either one palm or
evidenced an ample pathological charge bilaterally, confirmed a preferential
of theirs, as noticed by the 10 anomalies, tendency for the exclusive presence on
bearing deep clinical significance, the left palm in the case of distortions
present in a number between 3 and 6, T11 + T12, a-b, to, Cx, Co and the
in various combinations, in each transverse palmary sulcus, followed
patient’s palm. Thus, at the level of by the occurrence, exclusively on the
the whole sample, they should attain, right palm, of anomalies AR, Lu, tt’t”,
ratios that differentiate them sensibly while the highest weight for the
from the reference group of Moldova, simultaneous occurrence on both
being, nevertheless, quite close to the palms was held by the dense and very
values recorded in patients with dense network of the ridges from Th/I.
T1DM. Apart from the 10 individual
Similarly with T1DM or with other anomalies signaled out at the level of
genetic or severe teratological maladies, the palmary compartments in the
sexual dimorphism in the distribution sample of T2DM diabetics, there have
of the ten anomalies is quite weakly been also evidenced, an important
expressed, higher ratios being noticed and severe anomaly of general
in the affected women, for the nature, registered in other European
following anomalies: T11 + T12; the groups affected by the same malady,
dense network from Th/I; reduced a-b as well, which assumes a sensible
distance; to; Cx and the transverse reduction of the pattern frequency in
palmary sulcus, which might also the interdigital space IV (in men,
explain a general, more precarious health preponderently). This led to another
condition in many of them, in whom important general distortion, namely
diabetes mellitus is accompanied by situation of the interdigital space IV
other affections, generated by itself. on the third, instead of the first,
As to the bilateral differences in the position, in the classical formula of
distribution of the described palmary succesion for patterns’ frequency: III
anomalies, most of them (T11 + T12; > Hp > IV > Th/I > II instead of IV > III
the dense network from Th/I; much > Hp > Th/I > II, both anomalies being
reduced a-b, to, Cx, Co and the therefore utilized as differentiation
transverse palmary sulcus) are seen indices between T2DM and T1DM in
as recording higher ratios on the left population studies on diabetes.
palm, which is actually recognized as To conclude with, the results of the
carrying most of the malformative present study, most of them agreeing
68
10. DERMATOGLYPHICS IN DIABETES MELLITUS OF TYPE 2
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