Deoxy sugars are modified sugars where one or more OH groups are remo.pdf
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Deoxy sugars are modified sugars where one or more OH groups are removed from a carbon. For example, deoxyribose is a deoxy form of ribose. However, as a result, deoxy sugars often can have multiple names that describe the same molecule. Find alternate names for the for the following deoxy sugars: Solution 1. 2-deoxy-mannose->2-Deoxy-glucose 2.2-deoxy-arabinose->deoxypentose 3.3-deoxy-psicose->D-Psicose 4.3-deoxy-xylucose->1-Deoxy-2-pentulose 5.3-deoxy-talose-> 3-amino-3-deoxy-l-talose.
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Neutrons cant be detected by the same detectors as alphas, betas, and.pdf
Neutrons cant be detected by the same detectors as alphas, betas, and gammas. Why? Briefly
describe some methods for detecting neutrons.
Solution
Neutron:
The neutron is a subatomic particle, symbol n, with no net electric charge and a mass slightly
larger than that of a proton
Neutron Detection:
Neutrons have mass but no electrical charge. Because of this they cannot directly produce
ionization in a detector, and therefore cannot be directly detected. This means that neutron
detectors must rely upon a conversion process where an incident neutron interacts with a nucleus
to produce a secondary charged particle. These charged particles are then directly detected and
from them the presence of neutrons is deduced.
The most common reaction used for high efficiency thermal neutron detection today is:
n + 3He p + 3H + 765 keV
where both the proton and the triton are detected by a gas filled proportional counters using 3He
fill gas. Quench gas is also added to control the ionization process.
Methods for neutron detection
Gas Proportional detector:
Gas proportional detectors can be adapted to detect neutrons. While neutrons do not typically
cause ionization, the addition of a nuclide with high neutron cross-section allows the detector to
respond to neutrons. Nuclides commonly used for this purpose are helium-3, lithium-6, boron-10
and uranium-235. Since these materials are most likely to react with thermal neutrons (i.e.,
neutrons that have slowed to equilibrium with their surroundings), they are typically surrounded
by moderating materials to reduce their energy and increase the likelihood of detection.
Further refinements are usually necessary to differentiate the neutron signal from the effects of
other types of radiation. Since the energy of a thermal neutron is relatively low, charged particle
reactions are discrete (i.e., essentially monoenergetic and lie within a narrow bandwidth of
energies) while other reactions such as gamma reactions will span a broad energy range, it is
possible to discriminate among the sources.
As a class, gas ionization detectors measure the number (count rate), and not the energy of
neutrons.
Fast neutron detectors
Fast neutrons are often detected by first moderating (slowing) them to thermal energies.
However, during that process the information on the original energy of the neutron, its direction
of travel, and the time of emission is lost. For many applications, the detection of “fret” neutrons
that retain this information is highly desirable
Typical fast neutron detectors are liquid scintillators,[30] 4-He based noble gas detectors and
plastic detectors. Fast neutron detectors differentiate themselves from one another by their 1.)
capability of neutron/gamma discrimination (through pulse shape discrimination) and 2.)
sensitivity. The capability to distinguish between neutrons and gammas is excellent in noble gas
based 4-He detectors due to their low electron density and excellent pulse shape discrimination
propert.
List each hypothesis that is being tested in a twofactor ANOVA.S.pdf
List each hypothesis that is being tested in a twofactor ANOVA.
Solution
In two factor ANOVA there are two independent variables.
Hence the hypothesis are :
1) H01 : Population means of the first factor are equal.
HA1 : Population means of the first factor are not equal.
2) H02 : Population means of the second factor are equal.
HA2 : Population means of the second factor are not equal.
3) H03: There is no interaction between two factors.
HA3 : There is interaction between two factors..
Marla begins walking at 3 mih toward the library.Her friend meets h.pdf
Marla begins walking at 3 mi/h toward the library.Her friend meets her at the halfway point and
drives her the rest of the way to the library.The distance to the library is 4 miles.How many hours
did Marla Walk.
Solution
Maria Walking DATA:
rate = 3 mph ; distance = 2 miles
--------------------
Equation:
time = distance/rate = 2/3 hr.
Mrs. S confides in you that she is terrified of her husband. She rep.pdf
Mrs. S confides in you that she is terrified of her husband. She reports that at times, he is so kind,
and then later he is angry and has become physically abusive at times. She also reports that he
frequently wakes up at night screaming and trying to crawl under the bed.
1.) What does the nurse suspect?
Additional questioning reveals that Mr. S has just returned to the United States following a 3-
year deployment in the military. You strongly recommend that Mr. S see a health care provider
as soon as possible.
1.) What questions might be helpful in identifying the cause of these manifestations?
2.) What other manifestations would make the nurse suspect PTSD?
3.) What three criteria must be met to confirm the diagnosis of PTSD?
4.) Other than combat, what are some other causes of PTSD?
Solution
Ans:
1.) What does the nurse suspect?
In the above case, Since Mr. S was in the military and might have undergone life threatening
events. Based on his reactions and his wife statements, nurse suspect that, Mr. S is under
depression ie., Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PSTD).
PSTD: Is a psychiatric disorder that can occur following the experience or witnessing of a life-
threatening events such as military combat, natural disasters, terrorist incidents, serious
accidents, or physical or sexual assault in adult or childhood.
It\'s natural to experience fear in dangerous situations. But people with PTSD may behave as
though they are under attack when there is no real imminent threat.
A person who suffers PTSD typically re-experiences the trauma through flashbacks and
nightmares, experiences that can seem as real as the actual trauma. The person often feels
intensely that the trauma could happen again at any time.
Thoughts and feelings can trigger symptoms, but so can words, situations or objects that remind
the person of a traumatic situation.
2).What questions might be helpful in identifying the cause of these manifestations?
The first step in diagnosing trauma is making an appointment with a doctor, preferably someone
trained in mental health disorders. The doctor will talk with the patient to determine their state of
mind. The practitioner will have to determine whether the prerequisite symptoms for PTSD are
present before deciding how to proceed. For a diagnosis of PTSD, the patient must have
experienced the following for at least one month:
· 3). What other manifestation would make the nurse suspect PTSD?
Since Mr. S was in the military and might have undergone life threatening events. Based on his
reactions and his wife statements, nurse suspect that, Mr. S is under depression ie., Posttraumatic
Stress Disorder (PSTD).
4).What three criteria must be met to confirm the diagnosis of PTSD?
Currently, diagnosis of PTSD is based on 8 criteria
1) The first criterion has 4 components, as follows:
2) The second criterion involves the persistent re experiencing of the event in 1 of several ways:
Unlike adults, children reexperience the event through repetiti.
In September of 2008, the FDIC paid JP Morgan Chase to purchase all .pdf
In September of 2008, the FDIC paid JP Morgan Chase to purchase all of the assets of and
assume all of the liabilities of Washington Mutual Bank. This was an outright bailout of a private
company by the FDIC. What makes this more problematic is that uninsured creditors were
compensated by the FDIC. T or F?
Solution
The statement is false. The uninsured creditors were not compensated in this transaction. In fact,
uninsured depositors were benefitted from this transaction..
In cocker spaniels, black coat color (B) is dominant over red (b), an.pdf
In cocker spaniels, black coat color (B) is dominant over red (b), and solid color (S) is dominant
over spotted (s). If a red spotted male were crossed to a black solid female and all the offspring
from several crosses showed only the dominant traits, the geneotype of the parents would most
likely be Bb Ss times Bb Ss. bb ss times Bb Ss. bb Ss times Bb SS. bb ss times BB SS. Bb ss
times BB SS.
Solution
Answer: (d) bbss x BBSS
P1=
bbss (Male) x BBSS (female)
F1= BbSs ( black and solid)
All the offsprings will be black and solid (both the traits being dominant).
In most healthy people, toxoplasmosis is an inapparent or mild dise.pdf
In most healthy people, toxoplasmosis is an inapparent or mild disease Name two groups of
people who need to be concerned about serious disease or consequences from an infection with
this parasite and why they need to be concerned.
Solution
A single-celled parasite called Toxoplasma gondii causes toxoplasmosis.
Groups of people who are more concerned about toxoplasmosis include:
-babies born to mothers who\'re newly inflamed with Toxoplasma gondii during or before
pregnancy.
-people with seriously weakened immune structures, which include individuals with AIDS, the
ones taking certain forms of chemotherapy, and people who have recently obtained an organ
transplant.
Why these group of people are more concerned and what are the consequences of toxoplasmosis
:
-A woman who got toxoplasmosis before getting pregnant usually won\'t pass the infection to
the baby — this is because she will have built up immunity to the infection. But it can come back
and has a weakened immune system.
- the threat for intense troubles in pregnancy are: premature birth, low beginning weight, fever,
jaundice, abnormalities of the retina, intellectual retardation, extraordinary head length,
convulsions, and brain calcification.
-toxoplasmosis can have lasting effects at the:
brain
eyes
heart
lungs
-Some babies with congenital toxoplasmosis have brain and nervous system problems ..
I only need help with four methods in the EmployeeManager class the .pdf
I only need help with four methods in the EmployeeManager class the methods are addRequest,
viewNextRequest, grantNextRequest, and outputRequests. I posted all of the other uml for
refernce on items that could be called.
UML DIAGRAM FOR AND DISCUSSION FOR EmptyListException
EmptyListException extends RuntimeException
<>EmptyListException( )
<>EmptyListException(name : String)
Constructors
The constructor that takes a String as an argument calls upon the super class constructor with that
String concatenated with “ is Empty”. The constructor that takes no argument calls upon the
other constructor with the argument of “List”.
This class should belong to the exceptions package.
UML DIAGRAM FOR AND DISCUSSION FOR ListNode
ListNode>
data : E
nextNode: ListNode
<>ListNode(d : E)
<>ListNode(d : E, node : ListNode)
+ setData(d : E)
+getData() : E
+setNext(next : ListNode)
+getNext() : ListNode
Notes on ListNode
ListNode(d : E) sets the nextNode to null, the rest of the implementation of the ListNode class is
self-explanatory as discussed in class
UML DIAGRAM FOR AND DISCUSSION FOR LinkedList
LinkedList>
firstNode : ListNode
lastNode : ListNode
numElements : int
name : String
<>LinkedList()
<>LinkedList(name : String)
+ insertAtFront(item : E)
+ insertAtBack(item : E)
+ removeFromFront() : E throws EmptyListException
+ removeFromBack() : E throws EmptyListException
+ removeItem(index : int) : E throws IndexOutOfBoundsException
+ getItem(index : int) : E throws IndexOutOfBoundsException
+ setItem(index : int, item : E) throws IndexOutOfBoundsException
+ findAndRemove(item : E) : Boolean
+ findItem(item E) : int
+ lengthIs() : int
+ clear()
+ toString()
+ isEmpty() : Boolean
+ sort() throws EmptyListException
Notes on LinkedList
Constructors
Both constructors set firstNode and lastNode to null and numElements to 0. The constructor that
takes a String sets the name data member to the String that is passed
insertAtFront(E)
Inserts the passed item to the front of the list
void insertAtBack(E)
Inserts the passed item in the back of the list
void removeFromFront()
Removes the first item in the list, and returns it. If the list is empty throws a new
EmptyListException with the message: “(Name of list) is Empty”
removeFromBack()
Removes the last item in the list, and returns it. If the list is empty throws a new
EmptyListException with the message: “(Name of list) is Empty”
removeItem(int)
Removes the element from the list at the given index. If that index does not exist within the
LinkedList an IndexOutOfBoundsException is thrown with the message: “(Name of List) Index
out of Range”. Returns the item removed.
getItem(int)
Returns the element at the given index. If that index does not exist within the LinkedList an
IndexOutOfBoundsException is thrown with the message: “(Name of List) Index out of Range”.
public setItem(int index, E item)
Attempts to place the passed item into the given index. If that index does not exist within the
LinkedList an IndexOutOfBound.
Recommended
Neutrons cant be detected by the same detectors as alphas, betas, and.pdf
Neutrons cant be detected by the same detectors as alphas, betas, and gammas. Why? Briefly
describe some methods for detecting neutrons.
Solution
Neutron:
The neutron is a subatomic particle, symbol n, with no net electric charge and a mass slightly
larger than that of a proton
Neutron Detection:
Neutrons have mass but no electrical charge. Because of this they cannot directly produce
ionization in a detector, and therefore cannot be directly detected. This means that neutron
detectors must rely upon a conversion process where an incident neutron interacts with a nucleus
to produce a secondary charged particle. These charged particles are then directly detected and
from them the presence of neutrons is deduced.
The most common reaction used for high efficiency thermal neutron detection today is:
n + 3He p + 3H + 765 keV
where both the proton and the triton are detected by a gas filled proportional counters using 3He
fill gas. Quench gas is also added to control the ionization process.
Methods for neutron detection
Gas Proportional detector:
Gas proportional detectors can be adapted to detect neutrons. While neutrons do not typically
cause ionization, the addition of a nuclide with high neutron cross-section allows the detector to
respond to neutrons. Nuclides commonly used for this purpose are helium-3, lithium-6, boron-10
and uranium-235. Since these materials are most likely to react with thermal neutrons (i.e.,
neutrons that have slowed to equilibrium with their surroundings), they are typically surrounded
by moderating materials to reduce their energy and increase the likelihood of detection.
Further refinements are usually necessary to differentiate the neutron signal from the effects of
other types of radiation. Since the energy of a thermal neutron is relatively low, charged particle
reactions are discrete (i.e., essentially monoenergetic and lie within a narrow bandwidth of
energies) while other reactions such as gamma reactions will span a broad energy range, it is
possible to discriminate among the sources.
As a class, gas ionization detectors measure the number (count rate), and not the energy of
neutrons.
Fast neutron detectors
Fast neutrons are often detected by first moderating (slowing) them to thermal energies.
However, during that process the information on the original energy of the neutron, its direction
of travel, and the time of emission is lost. For many applications, the detection of “fret” neutrons
that retain this information is highly desirable
Typical fast neutron detectors are liquid scintillators,[30] 4-He based noble gas detectors and
plastic detectors. Fast neutron detectors differentiate themselves from one another by their 1.)
capability of neutron/gamma discrimination (through pulse shape discrimination) and 2.)
sensitivity. The capability to distinguish between neutrons and gammas is excellent in noble gas
based 4-He detectors due to their low electron density and excellent pulse shape discrimination
propert.
List each hypothesis that is being tested in a twofactor ANOVA.S.pdf
List each hypothesis that is being tested in a twofactor ANOVA.
Solution
In two factor ANOVA there are two independent variables.
Hence the hypothesis are :
1) H01 : Population means of the first factor are equal.
HA1 : Population means of the first factor are not equal.
2) H02 : Population means of the second factor are equal.
HA2 : Population means of the second factor are not equal.
3) H03: There is no interaction between two factors.
HA3 : There is interaction between two factors..
Marla begins walking at 3 mih toward the library.Her friend meets h.pdf
Marla begins walking at 3 mi/h toward the library.Her friend meets her at the halfway point and
drives her the rest of the way to the library.The distance to the library is 4 miles.How many hours
did Marla Walk.
Solution
Maria Walking DATA:
rate = 3 mph ; distance = 2 miles
--------------------
Equation:
time = distance/rate = 2/3 hr.
Mrs. S confides in you that she is terrified of her husband. She rep.pdf
Mrs. S confides in you that she is terrified of her husband. She reports that at times, he is so kind,
and then later he is angry and has become physically abusive at times. She also reports that he
frequently wakes up at night screaming and trying to crawl under the bed.
1.) What does the nurse suspect?
Additional questioning reveals that Mr. S has just returned to the United States following a 3-
year deployment in the military. You strongly recommend that Mr. S see a health care provider
as soon as possible.
1.) What questions might be helpful in identifying the cause of these manifestations?
2.) What other manifestations would make the nurse suspect PTSD?
3.) What three criteria must be met to confirm the diagnosis of PTSD?
4.) Other than combat, what are some other causes of PTSD?
Solution
Ans:
1.) What does the nurse suspect?
In the above case, Since Mr. S was in the military and might have undergone life threatening
events. Based on his reactions and his wife statements, nurse suspect that, Mr. S is under
depression ie., Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PSTD).
PSTD: Is a psychiatric disorder that can occur following the experience or witnessing of a life-
threatening events such as military combat, natural disasters, terrorist incidents, serious
accidents, or physical or sexual assault in adult or childhood.
It\'s natural to experience fear in dangerous situations. But people with PTSD may behave as
though they are under attack when there is no real imminent threat.
A person who suffers PTSD typically re-experiences the trauma through flashbacks and
nightmares, experiences that can seem as real as the actual trauma. The person often feels
intensely that the trauma could happen again at any time.
Thoughts and feelings can trigger symptoms, but so can words, situations or objects that remind
the person of a traumatic situation.
2).What questions might be helpful in identifying the cause of these manifestations?
The first step in diagnosing trauma is making an appointment with a doctor, preferably someone
trained in mental health disorders. The doctor will talk with the patient to determine their state of
mind. The practitioner will have to determine whether the prerequisite symptoms for PTSD are
present before deciding how to proceed. For a diagnosis of PTSD, the patient must have
experienced the following for at least one month:
· 3). What other manifestation would make the nurse suspect PTSD?
Since Mr. S was in the military and might have undergone life threatening events. Based on his
reactions and his wife statements, nurse suspect that, Mr. S is under depression ie., Posttraumatic
Stress Disorder (PSTD).
4).What three criteria must be met to confirm the diagnosis of PTSD?
Currently, diagnosis of PTSD is based on 8 criteria
1) The first criterion has 4 components, as follows:
2) The second criterion involves the persistent re experiencing of the event in 1 of several ways:
Unlike adults, children reexperience the event through repetiti.
In September of 2008, the FDIC paid JP Morgan Chase to purchase all .pdf
In September of 2008, the FDIC paid JP Morgan Chase to purchase all of the assets of and
assume all of the liabilities of Washington Mutual Bank. This was an outright bailout of a private
company by the FDIC. What makes this more problematic is that uninsured creditors were
compensated by the FDIC. T or F?
Solution
The statement is false. The uninsured creditors were not compensated in this transaction. In fact,
uninsured depositors were benefitted from this transaction..
In cocker spaniels, black coat color (B) is dominant over red (b), an.pdf
In cocker spaniels, black coat color (B) is dominant over red (b), and solid color (S) is dominant
over spotted (s). If a red spotted male were crossed to a black solid female and all the offspring
from several crosses showed only the dominant traits, the geneotype of the parents would most
likely be Bb Ss times Bb Ss. bb ss times Bb Ss. bb Ss times Bb SS. bb ss times BB SS. Bb ss
times BB SS.
Solution
Answer: (d) bbss x BBSS
P1=
bbss (Male) x BBSS (female)
F1= BbSs ( black and solid)
All the offsprings will be black and solid (both the traits being dominant).
In most healthy people, toxoplasmosis is an inapparent or mild dise.pdf
In most healthy people, toxoplasmosis is an inapparent or mild disease Name two groups of
people who need to be concerned about serious disease or consequences from an infection with
this parasite and why they need to be concerned.
Solution
A single-celled parasite called Toxoplasma gondii causes toxoplasmosis.
Groups of people who are more concerned about toxoplasmosis include:
-babies born to mothers who\'re newly inflamed with Toxoplasma gondii during or before
pregnancy.
-people with seriously weakened immune structures, which include individuals with AIDS, the
ones taking certain forms of chemotherapy, and people who have recently obtained an organ
transplant.
Why these group of people are more concerned and what are the consequences of toxoplasmosis
:
-A woman who got toxoplasmosis before getting pregnant usually won\'t pass the infection to
the baby — this is because she will have built up immunity to the infection. But it can come back
and has a weakened immune system.
- the threat for intense troubles in pregnancy are: premature birth, low beginning weight, fever,
jaundice, abnormalities of the retina, intellectual retardation, extraordinary head length,
convulsions, and brain calcification.
-toxoplasmosis can have lasting effects at the:
brain
eyes
heart
lungs
-Some babies with congenital toxoplasmosis have brain and nervous system problems ..
I only need help with four methods in the EmployeeManager class the .pdf
I only need help with four methods in the EmployeeManager class the methods are addRequest,
viewNextRequest, grantNextRequest, and outputRequests. I posted all of the other uml for
refernce on items that could be called.
UML DIAGRAM FOR AND DISCUSSION FOR EmptyListException
EmptyListException extends RuntimeException
<>EmptyListException( )
<>EmptyListException(name : String)
Constructors
The constructor that takes a String as an argument calls upon the super class constructor with that
String concatenated with “ is Empty”. The constructor that takes no argument calls upon the
other constructor with the argument of “List”.
This class should belong to the exceptions package.
UML DIAGRAM FOR AND DISCUSSION FOR ListNode
ListNode>
data : E
nextNode: ListNode
<>ListNode(d : E)
<>ListNode(d : E, node : ListNode)
+ setData(d : E)
+getData() : E
+setNext(next : ListNode)
+getNext() : ListNode
Notes on ListNode
ListNode(d : E) sets the nextNode to null, the rest of the implementation of the ListNode class is
self-explanatory as discussed in class
UML DIAGRAM FOR AND DISCUSSION FOR LinkedList
LinkedList>
firstNode : ListNode
lastNode : ListNode
numElements : int
name : String
<>LinkedList()
<>LinkedList(name : String)
+ insertAtFront(item : E)
+ insertAtBack(item : E)
+ removeFromFront() : E throws EmptyListException
+ removeFromBack() : E throws EmptyListException
+ removeItem(index : int) : E throws IndexOutOfBoundsException
+ getItem(index : int) : E throws IndexOutOfBoundsException
+ setItem(index : int, item : E) throws IndexOutOfBoundsException
+ findAndRemove(item : E) : Boolean
+ findItem(item E) : int
+ lengthIs() : int
+ clear()
+ toString()
+ isEmpty() : Boolean
+ sort() throws EmptyListException
Notes on LinkedList
Constructors
Both constructors set firstNode and lastNode to null and numElements to 0. The constructor that
takes a String sets the name data member to the String that is passed
insertAtFront(E)
Inserts the passed item to the front of the list
void insertAtBack(E)
Inserts the passed item in the back of the list
void removeFromFront()
Removes the first item in the list, and returns it. If the list is empty throws a new
EmptyListException with the message: “(Name of list) is Empty”
removeFromBack()
Removes the last item in the list, and returns it. If the list is empty throws a new
EmptyListException with the message: “(Name of list) is Empty”
removeItem(int)
Removes the element from the list at the given index. If that index does not exist within the
LinkedList an IndexOutOfBoundsException is thrown with the message: “(Name of List) Index
out of Range”. Returns the item removed.
getItem(int)
Returns the element at the given index. If that index does not exist within the LinkedList an
IndexOutOfBoundsException is thrown with the message: “(Name of List) Index out of Range”.
public setItem(int index, E item)
Attempts to place the passed item into the given index. If that index does not exist within the
LinkedList an IndexOutOfBound.
Identify and briefly describe a diffusion network that you have expe.pdf
Identify and briefly describe a diffusion network that you have experienced, weaving support /
information from our readings with your own professional practice and application.
Solution
Diffusion is the process in which an innovation is communicated through certain channels over
time among members of a social system. It is a special type of communications in that the
messages are concerned with new ideas.
There are four main elements are the innovation, communication channels, time, and the social
system.
Model of Diffusion:
Crucial for diffusion in networks, but all kinds of behaviors have their unique properties.
Diffusion = network(t)
Network(t)= network model of system constitutes diffusion environment
PSM- Probabilistic finite-state machine model of considered behavior.
(such as information, virus,etc )
Generator V(t) => SIG - specific function for simulation needs (generator of signals). Which
assigns for each vertex in each simulations step a set of signals as a result of vertices first
neighborhood and their states.
These signals are received and processed by PSM on each vertex..
how do the masses of the earth, oceans, atmosphere, and biosphere co.pdf
how do the masses of the earth, oceans, atmosphere, and biosphere compare?
Solution
The hydrosphere is a characterizing normal for the Earth. It is the main planet in the Solar
System with a hydrological cycle. This incorporates: seas; freshwater (streams, lakes, and
groundwater); and the cryosphere (where water exists as a strong – ice or snow –, for example,
inside ice sheets, ice sheets and permafrost/solidified ground. These are likewise significant
stores of freshwater). The hydrosphere and cryosphere are likewise much of the time perceived
as two separate \'circles\'. Together, these water sources are essential for all types of life on
Earth, and they are the reason that Earth is regularly named the \'water planet\'.
The air is the thick layer of vaporous material which encompasses the Earth. The greater part of
the environment exists in 97 km of the Earth\'s surface, yet it has no unequivocal limit. The air is
isolated into four layers, the Troposphere (0-10 km elevation), the Stratosphere (10-45 km
height), the Mesosphere (45-80 km height), and the Thermosphere (80-300 km elevation). The
environment involves: 78.09% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, 0.93% argon, 0.039% carbon dioxide
and little measures of different gasses. These gasses are regularly named \'nursery gasses\' as
they are gently adjusted to keep up the Earth\'s temperature at a level appropriate to maintain life.
Without these gasses, and the regular nursery impact, the normal temperature of the Earth would
be around - 18°C (0°F) rather than its current 14°C (57°F).Earth is one of only a handful couple
of planets in the nearby planetary group which has an air. Venus, one of our nearest neighbors
has an environment made of 96.5% carbon dioxide (CO2) and 3.5% nitrogen (N2), which frames
an extremely harmful climate, permitting it to keep up a sweltering surface temperature of
467°C!
The lithosphere is the term given to the stone and minerals which shape Earth\'s external outside
and its structural plates. This is a critical part of the Earth\'s framework as these stones get to be
distinctly disintegrated and weathered to give essential minerals to the next Earth frameworks.
Through Earth\'s history, the whole lithosphere has been reused roughly six circumstances. At
the peripheral layer of the lithosphere, the \"pedosphere\" (which means soil circle) exists at the
interface between lithospheric, air, biospheric and hydrospheric forms. The blend of these
procedures prompts to soil arrangement, which is basic for maintaining life on Earth (the
biosphere).
The biosphere alludes to a wide range of life on Earth, including plants, creatures, and
microscopic organisms. Over the historical backdrop of the Earth the biosphere has changed
significantly with an awesome number of animal types developing, adjusting, and getting to be
distinctly wiped out. The differing qualities of the biosphere fluctuates extraordinarily over the
Earth, as species can be very helpless against even minor vari.
If the mechanism of DNA replication (semi-conservative, conservative.pdf
If the mechanism of DNA replication (semi-conservative, conservative, and dispersive) was not
yet known:
a. What experiment(s) could distinguish between the three possible mechanisms. Explain how
this method can distinguish between the 3 models.
b. Compare your experiment with the original mechanism. What are the advantages,
disadvantages to each
Solution
If the DNA replication mechanism is not yet known Messelson-Stahl experiment set forward to
distinguish the three mechanisms; conservative, semi- conservative and dispersive mode of
replication.
Messelson-Stahl experiment model used non radioactive heavy isotope of Nitrogen as they found
nitrogen is abundant element in DNA. They labelled the DNA of E.coli bacteria with heavy
isotope 15N and grew in a medium. Soon after many generations 15N labelled DNA were
synthesised. Then they removed the 15N labelled DNA from the medium and placed in normal
14N medium. The cells were then extracted from this medium and were placed in CsCl solution
and are centrifused..
EYCONNEC Cell Structures the arrangement of phospholipids in the plas.pdf
EYCONNEC Cell Structures the arrangement of phospholipids in the plasma membrane 2. helps
make and transport proteins and lipids 3. stores and transports protein and lipid molecules 4.
helps the cell maintain itsshape and holds cell organelles in place within the cytoplasm of a plant
cell layer that samoundsthe Plasma membrane help organize the chromosomes before cell
division the cell 7. organene that processes proteins and prepares them for use both inside and
outside larger of the sac-like organelles that store and transport materials in the cem 9. describes
the formation of eukaryotic cells 10, eneray carrying molecule 11. stores substances such as
water, and salts in plant cells enzymes, 12.-power plann of the cell a, ATP b cell wall c, central
vacuole endoplasmic reticulum g. endosymbiotic theory h. Golgi apparatus mitochondria
phospholipid bilayer vesicle Lesson 3.2: Vocabulary ll Name Class Date Fill in the blank with
the appropriate tem. is often considered to be the cell\'s control center. 1, The 2 The consists of
everything inside the plasma membrane of the cell. 3. The plasma membrane forms a between
the inside and outside of the cell 4, The is essentially a \"skeleton\" inside the cell.
Solution
1->j)phospholid bilayer->the arrangement of phospholipids in the plasma membrane
2.->f)endoplasmic reticulum->Helps make and transport protein and lipid molecules
3.l)->vesicle->Stores and transports protein and lipid molecules
4)e)cytoskeleton->Helps the cell maintain it\'s shape and holds cell organelles in place within the
cytoplasm
5)b)cell wall->Layer that surrounds the plasma membrane of a plant cell
6)d)centriole->help organize the chromosomes before cell division
7)h)Golgi apparatus->Organelle that processes protein and prepares them for use both inside and
outside the cell
8)k)vacuole->Larger of the sac-like organelles that store and transport materials in the cell
9)g)endosymbiotic theory->Describes the formation of eukaryotic cells
10)a)ATP->energy carrying molecule
11)c)central vacuole->Stores substances such as water, enzymes, and salt in plant cells
12)i)mitochondria->\"Power plant\" of the cell.
For the balance sheet, please categorize the following as short-term.pdf
For the balance sheet, please categorize the following as short-term assets, long-term assets,
short-term liabilities, long-term liabilities, or owner’s equity:
Cash, accruals, property, plant and equipment, inventory, accounts receivables, paid in capital,
retained earnings, notes payable, mortgage, and accounts payable.
Solution
short term assets=cash,inventory,account receivables, accrued revenues
long term assets= property,plant and equipment
short term liabilities= accounts payable,accrued expenses, notes payable (if amount due within
one year of the balance sheet date)
long term liabilities= mortgage, notes payable ( if amount not due within one year of the balance
sheet date)
owners equity = paid in capital, retained earning.
During World War II, the Manhattan Project developed the first nuclea.pdf
During World War II, the Manhattan Project developed the first nuclear weapon and detonated it
in 1945 at the Trinity test. The explosive yield of the bomb was classified by the U.S. Army;
however, in 1950 British physicist Sir Geoffrey Taylor made a good estimate of the yield based
on publicly available photographs and data. He developed an equation that linked several key
test and used it to calculate the yield: R = S (Et^2/rho)^1/5 R is the blast radius in meters; t is
seconds after the detonation, rho (the Greek letter rho) is the air density at the blast site; S is a
constant describing the heat capacity of the air; and E is the energy released by the bomb in
joules. (1 joule (J) = 1 kg middot m^2/s^2). From the available atmospheric data, Taylor
concluded that S = 1.041 and rho = 1.00 kg/m^3. By studying a picture of the blast taken at t =
0.025, the estimated that the blast radius was 140 similar meters. Explosive yield is often
described by how much TNT would be required to produce a similar explosion. The explosive
force of 1 kiloton (kt) of TNT is approximately 4.184 Times 10^12 joules. Rearrange Taylor\'s
equation to give you a formula for the yield of the bomb in kilotons. Calculate the yield of the
Trinity bomb to the nearest kiloton. Taylor\'s estimate was lower than the actual yield of 20.08
kilotons. Which quantities might he have underestimated when using them in his equations?
Which might he have overestimated?
Solution
Reason
Short information.
Determine truth value of the statement. Domain consists of all real .pdf
Determine truth value of the statement. Domain consists of all real numbers. Please explain I do
not understand with nested.
a) xy(x^2 = y)
b) xy(x = y^2)
Solution
a) says that for every x there exists a y, Its True. Since there is only 1 y for every x
b) says that for every x there exists a y, Its False. Since there are no y`s for negative x.
Describe the niches of at least 3 species of wildlife that might be .pdf
Describe the niches of at least 3 species of wildlife that might be found in Michigan.
Solution
The forest landscape of Michigan represents wide variety of species. The land is mostly occupied
by red wood trees and shaded land is dominated by ferns. The trees support wide species of wild
life. The fallen logs in the forest support Salamanders, snakes, flying squirrels, small insects and
several invertebrates.
The downy and hairy woodpeckers live on dying and dead standing trees known as snags. The
hairy woodpeckers require larger snags than down woodpeckers. The trees provide food for
insects and shelter. The hairy woodpeckers feed on large insects. These small differences in
habitats are observed between downy and hairy woodpeckers. Each type of woodpecker occupies
a different niche and exhibits different functional role in the forest ecosystem.
Two types of forests are abudant. Coniferous forests are habitat for Red squirrels that feed on
large pine cones. The deciduous forests are habitat of grey squirrels. These feed on acorns and
beechnuts.
Amphibians like redbacked and spotted salamanders live in moist, mature deciduous forest floors
and at dead and decaying logs. Red shouldered hawks are found extensively in deciduous forest
types and use lowland for nesting.
Several types of birds, insects, reptiles, amphibians, squirrels, black bears and various types of
fungi and mushrooms live in different ecological niches in the Michigan forests..
Define multicollinearity in the following termsa. In which type o.pdf
Define multicollinearity in the following terms:
a. In which type of regression is it likely to occur?
Solution
Collinearity is a linear association between two explanatory variables.
Two variables are perfectly collinear if there is an exact linear relationship between them.
Multicollinearity is a phenomenon in which two or more predictor variables in a multiple
regression model are highly correlated, means that one can be linearly predicted from the others
with a substantial degree of accuracy
Hence multi collinearity occurs in multiple regression.
Convert the for loop Into MIPS Instructions. Use the sit instruction .pdf
Convert the for loop Into MIPS Instructions. Use the sit instruction to determine the branch. Be
sure to Initialize I properly. for (Int I = 1; I min &&i;>l; Else A[i] = 0; I: $t0, min: $t1, max:
$t2, base address of A: $s0
Solution
Answer:
a)
.zero 1
main:
push rbp
mov rbp, rsp
mov DWORD PTR [rbp-8], 1
.L3:
cmp DWORD PTR [rbp-8], 6
jg .L2
mov eax, DWORD PTR [rbp-8]
add DWORD PTR [rbp-4], eax
add DWORD PTR [rbp-8], 1
jmp .L3
.L2:
mov eax, 0
pop rbp
ret
__static_initialization_and_destruction_0(int, int):
push rbp
mov rbp, rsp
sub rsp, 16
mov DWORD PTR [rbp-4], edi
mov DWORD PTR [rbp-8], esi
cmp DWORD PTR [rbp-4], 1
jne .L7
cmp DWORD PTR [rbp-8], 65535
jne .L7
mov edi, OFFSET FLAT:std::__ioinit
call std::ios_base::Init::Init()
mov edx, OFFSET FLAT:__dso_handle
mov esi, OFFSET FLAT:std::__ioinit
mov edi, OFFSET FLAT:std::ios_base::Init::~Init()
call __cxa_atexit
.L7:
nop
leave
ret
push rbp
mov rbp, rsp
mov esi, 65535
mov edi, 1
call __static_initialization_and_destruction_0(int, int)
pop rbp
ret
b)
.zero 1
main:
push rbp
mov rbp, rsp
mov eax, DWORD PTR [rbp-4]
cmp eax, DWORD PTR [rbp-8]
jle .L2
mov eax, DWORD PTR [rbp-4]
cmp eax, DWORD PTR [rbp-12]
jge .L2
mov eax, DWORD PTR [rbp-4]
cdqe
mov DWORD PTR [rbp-96+rax*4], 1
jmp .L3
.L2:
mov eax, DWORD PTR [rbp-4]
cdqe
mov DWORD PTR [rbp-96+rax*4], 0
.L3:
mov eax, 0
pop rbp
ret
__static_initialization_and_destruction_0(int, int):
push rbp
mov rbp, rsp
sub rsp, 16
mov DWORD PTR [rbp-4], edi
mov DWORD PTR [rbp-8], esi
cmp DWORD PTR [rbp-4], 1
jne .L7
cmp DWORD PTR [rbp-8], 65535
jne .L7
mov edi, OFFSET FLAT:std::__ioinit
call std::ios_base::Init::Init()
mov edx, OFFSET FLAT:__dso_handle
mov esi, OFFSET FLAT:std::__ioinit
mov edi, OFFSET FLAT:std::ios_base::Init::~Init()
call __cxa_atexit
.L7:
nop
leave
ret
push rbp
mov rbp, rsp
mov esi, 65535
mov edi, 1
call __static_initialization_and_destruction_0(int, int)
pop rbp
ret.
Clarify how cells and molecules are linked to tissuesSolutionA.pdf
Clarify how cells and molecules are linked to tissues
Solution
Answer:
Various molecules together are going to from organelles & finally to form cells and cells
together to form tissues, a complex multicellular component of organs & organs systems in an
organism. These cells are linked to the tissues via cell adhesion molecules, integral membrane
receptors, connexins, selectins & integrins and cadherins via either homophillic homophillic
binding or heterophillic binding. The cells are going to connect within the tissues via Cell-Matrix
Interactions to basal lamina & cell-cell adhesions or gap junctions or focal adhesions as part of
combinatorial diversity
Foe example:
Transitional epithelium is a stratified epithelium mainly existing in urothelium, urinary bladder,
prostrate and intercellular adhesion is essential for cell to cell communication & these are
existing where the epithelial tissues subjecting to traction & pressure. The prominent
intercellular adhesions existing in transitional epithelium are occluding junctions (zonula
occludens, zonula adherens (existing in prostrate), tight junctions, anchoring adhesive junctions
between cells (desmosomes), gap junctions (connexins) between the cells. Some of the junctions
are promoting intercellular adhesion in transitional epithelium..
Can you define fixed and variable costs Can you give some examples.pdf
Can you define fixed and variable costs? Can you give some examples?
Solution
All the costs faced by companies can be broken into two main categories: fixed costs and
variable costs.
Fixed costs are costs that are independent of output. These remain constant throughout the
relevant range and are usually considered sunk for the relevant range (not relevant to output
decisions). Fixed costs often include rent, buildings, machinery, etc.
Variable costs are costs that vary with output. Generally variable costs increase at a constant rate
relative to labor and capital. Variable costs may include wages, utilities, materials used in
production, etc..
A spherical party balloon is being inflated with helium pumped in at.pdf
A spherical party balloon is being inflated with helium pumped in at a rate of 9 cubic feet per
minute. How fast is the radius growing at the instant when the radius has reached 1 ft? (The
volume of a sphere of radius r is V = 4/3(pi(radius))^3
Solution
V = 4/3*pi*(r)^3 dV=4*pi*(r)^2*dr given dV=9 r=1 9=4*3.14*1*dr dr=0.7165.
Answer 1 and Answer 2 (second one to decode)Solutionbreathing .pdf
Answer 1 and Answer 2 (second one to decode)
Solution
breathing new existence into the \'90s sport Six degrees of Kevin Viscount St. Albans, researcher
Stephen Dolan at Trinity university Dublin created the Six tiers of Wikipedia. users can key in
any combination of objects into the script on his web site and find how carefully or distantly
related the 2 matters are. Lifehacker.com, coming in well below six.
according to the given UML class diagram, you’re required to design .pdf
according to the given UML class diagram, you’re required to design the following classes:
Package
TwoDayPackage
OvernightPackage
You are also required to write a driver’s program (name it as Assignment7.cpp) to create several
objects from above classes and do the relevant computation on them.
Section 3: Program description
3.1 Introduction
Package-delivery services, such as FedEx, DHL and UPS offer a number of different shipping
options, each with specific costs associated. Create an inheritance hierarchy to represent various
types of packages.
Use class Package as the base class of the hierarchy, then include classes
TwoDayPackage and OvernightPackage that derive from Package.
Base class Package should include data members representing the name, address, city, state and
ZIP code for both the sender and the recipient of the package, in addition to data members that
store the weight (in ounces) and cost per ounce to ship the package.
Package’s constructor should initialize above data members.
Package should provide a public member function calculateCost() that returns a double value
indicting the cost associated with shipping the package.
Package’s calculateCost() function should determine the cost by multiplying the weight by the
cost per ounce.
Below please find the UML diagram for Package class.
1
Package
#senderName: string #senderAddress: string #senderCity: string #senderState: string #senderZip:
int
#recipientName: string #recipientAddress: string #recipientCity: string #recipientState: string
#recipientZip: int
#weight: double #costPerOunce: double
+Package(string &sName, string &sAddress, string &sCity, string &sState, int sZIP,
string &rName, string &rAddress, string &rCity, string &rState, int rZIP, double w, double cost)
+getSenderName(): string +getSenderAddress(): string +getSenderCity(): string
+getSenderState(): string +getSenderZIP(): int
+getRecipientName(): string +getRecipientAddress(): string +getRecipientCity(): string
+getRecipientState(): string +getRecipientZIP(): int
+getWeight(): double +setWeight(double ):void +getCostPerOunce(): double
+setCostPerOunce(double ): void
+toString(): string
+calculateCost(): double
Package class
It is a base class, which will be used to derive the following two sub classes later on:
TwoDayPackage
OvernightPackage
Function calculateCost() will need to be override later.
Function toString() will print the package’s info. in the following format.
\ Sender’s Name:\\t\\tJohn Smith
\ Sender’s Address:\\t\\tNo.1 Main St, Phoenix, AZ, 85004
\ \ Recipient’s Name:\\t\\tMary Johnson
2
\ Recipient’s Address:\\t\\t124th St, Boston, MA, 55555 \ \ Weight:\\t\\t8.50 lb
\ Cost:\\t\\t$0.65 per ounce
4) For Package class’s constructor, we provided the local variables’ name to make the
initialization clear.
TwoDayPackage class
It is a sub-class of Package class, i.e. it inherits from class Package
It should inherit the functionality of base class Package, but also include a data member that
represents a .
Bio cell and molecular Answer ALL1 although all of the.pdf
Bio: cell and molecular
Answer ALL
1 although all of the steps involved in expressing a gene can in principle be regulated, for most
genes the initiation of __________ is the most important point of control.
2 the general transcription factors that assemble at a eukaryotic promoter are different, depending
on the specific gene being transcribed by polymerase II.
True or False?
3 Which of the following describes the lac operon in E. coli when lactose, but not glucose, is
present in the culture medium?
A) CAP, but not the lac repressor, is bound to the lac operon\'s regulatory DNA, and the lac
operon is expressed.
B) CAP and the lac repressor are both bound to the lac operon\'s regulatory DNA, and the lac
operon is not expressed.
C) The lac repressor, but not CAP, is bound to the lac operon\'s regulatory DNA, and the lac
operon is not expressed.
D) Neither CAP nor the lac repressor is bound to the lac operon\'s regulatory DNA, and the lac
operon is not expressed.
Bio: cell and molecular
Answer ALL
1 although all of the steps involved in expressing a gene can in principle be regulated, for most
genes the initiation of __________ is the most important point of control.
2 the general transcription factors that assemble at a eukaryotic promoter are different, depending
on the specific gene being transcribed by polymerase II.
True or False?
3 Which of the following describes the lac operon in E. coli when lactose, but not glucose, is
present in the culture medium?
A) CAP, but not the lac repressor, is bound to the lac operon\'s regulatory DNA, and the lac
operon is expressed.
B) CAP and the lac repressor are both bound to the lac operon\'s regulatory DNA, and the lac
operon is not expressed.
C) The lac repressor, but not CAP, is bound to the lac operon\'s regulatory DNA, and the lac
operon is not expressed.
D) Neither CAP nor the lac repressor is bound to the lac operon\'s regulatory DNA, and the lac
operon is not expressed.
Answer ALL
1 although all of the steps involved in expressing a gene can in principle be regulated, for most
genes the initiation of __________ is the most important point of control.
2 the general transcription factors that assemble at a eukaryotic promoter are different, depending
on the specific gene being transcribed by polymerase II.
True or False?
3 Which of the following describes the lac operon in E. coli when lactose, but not glucose, is
present in the culture medium?
A) CAP, but not the lac repressor, is bound to the lac operon\'s regulatory DNA, and the lac
operon is expressed.
B) CAP and the lac repressor are both bound to the lac operon\'s regulatory DNA, and the lac
operon is not expressed.
C) The lac repressor, but not CAP, is bound to the lac operon\'s regulatory DNA, and the lac
operon is not expressed.
D) Neither CAP nor the lac repressor is bound to the lac operon\'s regulatory DNA, and the lac
operon is not expressed.
1 although all of the steps involved in expressing a gene can in principle be regulated, for.
Briefly detail the elements the two OS families (Windows and IOS) ha.pdf
Briefly detail the elements the two OS families (Windows and IOS) have most in common. Since
both Microsoft and Apple have borrowed heavily from each other over the years, research which
company introduced which elements first.
Solution
Answer
Elements of Windows and IOS that are common:
1. Proprietary license (windows introduced it first)
2. Supported CPU structure is ARM (windows introduces it first)
3. both have been programmed (though partially) in C/C++ (Windows introduced it first)
4. GPU accelerated GUI (IOS introduced it first).
Biology can be orginized into a hierarchy. Which of the following re.pdf
Biology can be orginized into a hierarchy. Which of the following represents the lowest level in
such a scheme?
a) Organism
b) tissues
c) nucleus
d) cells
Solution
c) nucleus
Gene is the physical unit of heredity that transmits information from one cell to another and
thereby one generation to another. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a double helical structure; it
contains the organism’s genetic information in the genes which lie along the structure of DNA.
Nucleus contains the DNA, which carry the genetic information from one cell to the other and
one organism to the other..
2 Person Class [5 marks Complete the provided Person class Add appro.pdf
2: Person Class [5 marks Complete the provided Person class Add appropriate getter and setter
methods. Complete the interact (Person) method Peraoa When a person transmits a disease to
another person, a new copy of the same disease should be transmitted (same name, severity,
chance of transmission). Make sure that you create a new Disease object. (why?)
Solution
A scripting or script language could be a programing language that supports scripts, programs
written for a special run-time setting that alter the execution of tasks that would instead be dead
one-by-one by a person\'s operator.[1] Scripting languages area unit usually taken (rather than
compiled). Primitives area unit typically the elementary tasks or API calls, and also the language
permits them to be combined into additional complicated programs. Environments that may be
machine-controlled through scripting embody package applications, websites inside an internet
browser, the shells of operational systems (OS), embedded systems, similarly as various games.
A scripting language will be viewed as a domain-specific language for a selected environment;
within the case of scripting associate application, this is often additionally called associate
extension language. Scripting languages are generally mentioned as terribly high-level
programming languages, as they operate at a high level of abstraction, or as management
languages, significantly for computer programme languages on mainframes.
The term \"scripting language\" is additionally used loosely to ask dynamic high-level all-
purpose languages, like Perl,[2] Tcl, and Python,[3] with the term \"script\" usually used for tiny
programs (up to a number of thousand lines of code) in such languages, or in domain-specific
languages like the text-processing languages sed and AWK. a number of these languages were
originally developed to be used inside a selected setting, and later developed into moveable
domain-specific or all-purpose languages. Conversely, several all-purpose languages have
dialects that area unit used as scripting languages. this text discusses scripting languages within
the slender sense of languages for a selected setting.
The spectrum of scripting languages ranges from terribly little and extremely domain-specific
languages to all-purpose programming languages used for scripting. normal samples of scripting
languages for specific environments include: Bash, for the {unix|UNIX|UNIX system|UNIX
operational system|operating system|OS} or Unix-like operating systems; ECMAScript
(JavaScript), for net browsers; and Visual Basic for Applications, for Microsoft workplace
applications. Lua could be a language designed associated wide used as an extension language.
Python could be a all-purpose language that\'s additionally usually used as associate extension
language, whereas ECMAScript continues to be primarily a scripting language for net browsers,
however is additionally used as a all-purpose language. The Emacs Lisp non-st.
1. All of the following are methods of prion disease transmission EX.pdf
1. All of the following are methods of prion disease transmission EXCEPT...
a. inhalation (airborne).
b. ingestion of infected tissue.
c. inheritance (genetic).
d. contamination through use of inadequately processed surgical instruments.
2. Place the steps in the correct order to reflect how a lethal dose may be determined.
A) Dilutions of virus are made to represent a range of concentrations.
B) Inoculated host cells are observed and the number of dead cells are counted.
C) The dilution which killed 50% of the tissue culture cells is identified.
D) Dilutions are inoculated into susceptible tissue cultures (or susceptible host organisms).
a. A D B C
b.D B C A
c. D A C B
d. A B D C
Solution
1.A
Prion disease can be transmitted through:
2.a A D B C.
Unit 2- Research Aptitude (UGC NET Paper I).pdf
This slide describes the research aptitude of unit 2 in the UGC NET paper I.
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Identify and briefly describe a diffusion network that you have expe.pdf
Identify and briefly describe a diffusion network that you have experienced, weaving support /
information from our readings with your own professional practice and application.
Solution
Diffusion is the process in which an innovation is communicated through certain channels over
time among members of a social system. It is a special type of communications in that the
messages are concerned with new ideas.
There are four main elements are the innovation, communication channels, time, and the social
system.
Model of Diffusion:
Crucial for diffusion in networks, but all kinds of behaviors have their unique properties.
Diffusion = network(t)
Network(t)= network model of system constitutes diffusion environment
PSM- Probabilistic finite-state machine model of considered behavior.
(such as information, virus,etc )
Generator V(t) => SIG - specific function for simulation needs (generator of signals). Which
assigns for each vertex in each simulations step a set of signals as a result of vertices first
neighborhood and their states.
These signals are received and processed by PSM on each vertex..
how do the masses of the earth, oceans, atmosphere, and biosphere co.pdf
how do the masses of the earth, oceans, atmosphere, and biosphere compare?
Solution
The hydrosphere is a characterizing normal for the Earth. It is the main planet in the Solar
System with a hydrological cycle. This incorporates: seas; freshwater (streams, lakes, and
groundwater); and the cryosphere (where water exists as a strong – ice or snow –, for example,
inside ice sheets, ice sheets and permafrost/solidified ground. These are likewise significant
stores of freshwater). The hydrosphere and cryosphere are likewise much of the time perceived
as two separate \'circles\'. Together, these water sources are essential for all types of life on
Earth, and they are the reason that Earth is regularly named the \'water planet\'.
The air is the thick layer of vaporous material which encompasses the Earth. The greater part of
the environment exists in 97 km of the Earth\'s surface, yet it has no unequivocal limit. The air is
isolated into four layers, the Troposphere (0-10 km elevation), the Stratosphere (10-45 km
height), the Mesosphere (45-80 km height), and the Thermosphere (80-300 km elevation). The
environment involves: 78.09% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, 0.93% argon, 0.039% carbon dioxide
and little measures of different gasses. These gasses are regularly named \'nursery gasses\' as
they are gently adjusted to keep up the Earth\'s temperature at a level appropriate to maintain life.
Without these gasses, and the regular nursery impact, the normal temperature of the Earth would
be around - 18°C (0°F) rather than its current 14°C (57°F).Earth is one of only a handful couple
of planets in the nearby planetary group which has an air. Venus, one of our nearest neighbors
has an environment made of 96.5% carbon dioxide (CO2) and 3.5% nitrogen (N2), which frames
an extremely harmful climate, permitting it to keep up a sweltering surface temperature of
467°C!
The lithosphere is the term given to the stone and minerals which shape Earth\'s external outside
and its structural plates. This is a critical part of the Earth\'s framework as these stones get to be
distinctly disintegrated and weathered to give essential minerals to the next Earth frameworks.
Through Earth\'s history, the whole lithosphere has been reused roughly six circumstances. At
the peripheral layer of the lithosphere, the \"pedosphere\" (which means soil circle) exists at the
interface between lithospheric, air, biospheric and hydrospheric forms. The blend of these
procedures prompts to soil arrangement, which is basic for maintaining life on Earth (the
biosphere).
The biosphere alludes to a wide range of life on Earth, including plants, creatures, and
microscopic organisms. Over the historical backdrop of the Earth the biosphere has changed
significantly with an awesome number of animal types developing, adjusting, and getting to be
distinctly wiped out. The differing qualities of the biosphere fluctuates extraordinarily over the
Earth, as species can be very helpless against even minor vari.
If the mechanism of DNA replication (semi-conservative, conservative.pdf
If the mechanism of DNA replication (semi-conservative, conservative, and dispersive) was not
yet known:
a. What experiment(s) could distinguish between the three possible mechanisms. Explain how
this method can distinguish between the 3 models.
b. Compare your experiment with the original mechanism. What are the advantages,
disadvantages to each
Solution
If the DNA replication mechanism is not yet known Messelson-Stahl experiment set forward to
distinguish the three mechanisms; conservative, semi- conservative and dispersive mode of
replication.
Messelson-Stahl experiment model used non radioactive heavy isotope of Nitrogen as they found
nitrogen is abundant element in DNA. They labelled the DNA of E.coli bacteria with heavy
isotope 15N and grew in a medium. Soon after many generations 15N labelled DNA were
synthesised. Then they removed the 15N labelled DNA from the medium and placed in normal
14N medium. The cells were then extracted from this medium and were placed in CsCl solution
and are centrifused..
EYCONNEC Cell Structures the arrangement of phospholipids in the plas.pdf
EYCONNEC Cell Structures the arrangement of phospholipids in the plasma membrane 2. helps
make and transport proteins and lipids 3. stores and transports protein and lipid molecules 4.
helps the cell maintain itsshape and holds cell organelles in place within the cytoplasm of a plant
cell layer that samoundsthe Plasma membrane help organize the chromosomes before cell
division the cell 7. organene that processes proteins and prepares them for use both inside and
outside larger of the sac-like organelles that store and transport materials in the cem 9. describes
the formation of eukaryotic cells 10, eneray carrying molecule 11. stores substances such as
water, and salts in plant cells enzymes, 12.-power plann of the cell a, ATP b cell wall c, central
vacuole endoplasmic reticulum g. endosymbiotic theory h. Golgi apparatus mitochondria
phospholipid bilayer vesicle Lesson 3.2: Vocabulary ll Name Class Date Fill in the blank with
the appropriate tem. is often considered to be the cell\'s control center. 1, The 2 The consists of
everything inside the plasma membrane of the cell. 3. The plasma membrane forms a between
the inside and outside of the cell 4, The is essentially a \"skeleton\" inside the cell.
Solution
1->j)phospholid bilayer->the arrangement of phospholipids in the plasma membrane
2.->f)endoplasmic reticulum->Helps make and transport protein and lipid molecules
3.l)->vesicle->Stores and transports protein and lipid molecules
4)e)cytoskeleton->Helps the cell maintain it\'s shape and holds cell organelles in place within the
cytoplasm
5)b)cell wall->Layer that surrounds the plasma membrane of a plant cell
6)d)centriole->help organize the chromosomes before cell division
7)h)Golgi apparatus->Organelle that processes protein and prepares them for use both inside and
outside the cell
8)k)vacuole->Larger of the sac-like organelles that store and transport materials in the cell
9)g)endosymbiotic theory->Describes the formation of eukaryotic cells
10)a)ATP->energy carrying molecule
11)c)central vacuole->Stores substances such as water, enzymes, and salt in plant cells
12)i)mitochondria->\"Power plant\" of the cell.
For the balance sheet, please categorize the following as short-term.pdf
For the balance sheet, please categorize the following as short-term assets, long-term assets,
short-term liabilities, long-term liabilities, or owner’s equity:
Cash, accruals, property, plant and equipment, inventory, accounts receivables, paid in capital,
retained earnings, notes payable, mortgage, and accounts payable.
Solution
short term assets=cash,inventory,account receivables, accrued revenues
long term assets= property,plant and equipment
short term liabilities= accounts payable,accrued expenses, notes payable (if amount due within
one year of the balance sheet date)
long term liabilities= mortgage, notes payable ( if amount not due within one year of the balance
sheet date)
owners equity = paid in capital, retained earning.
During World War II, the Manhattan Project developed the first nuclea.pdf
During World War II, the Manhattan Project developed the first nuclear weapon and detonated it
in 1945 at the Trinity test. The explosive yield of the bomb was classified by the U.S. Army;
however, in 1950 British physicist Sir Geoffrey Taylor made a good estimate of the yield based
on publicly available photographs and data. He developed an equation that linked several key
test and used it to calculate the yield: R = S (Et^2/rho)^1/5 R is the blast radius in meters; t is
seconds after the detonation, rho (the Greek letter rho) is the air density at the blast site; S is a
constant describing the heat capacity of the air; and E is the energy released by the bomb in
joules. (1 joule (J) = 1 kg middot m^2/s^2). From the available atmospheric data, Taylor
concluded that S = 1.041 and rho = 1.00 kg/m^3. By studying a picture of the blast taken at t =
0.025, the estimated that the blast radius was 140 similar meters. Explosive yield is often
described by how much TNT would be required to produce a similar explosion. The explosive
force of 1 kiloton (kt) of TNT is approximately 4.184 Times 10^12 joules. Rearrange Taylor\'s
equation to give you a formula for the yield of the bomb in kilotons. Calculate the yield of the
Trinity bomb to the nearest kiloton. Taylor\'s estimate was lower than the actual yield of 20.08
kilotons. Which quantities might he have underestimated when using them in his equations?
Which might he have overestimated?
Solution
Reason
Short information.
Determine truth value of the statement. Domain consists of all real .pdf
Determine truth value of the statement. Domain consists of all real numbers. Please explain I do
not understand with nested.
a) xy(x^2 = y)
b) xy(x = y^2)
Solution
a) says that for every x there exists a y, Its True. Since there is only 1 y for every x
b) says that for every x there exists a y, Its False. Since there are no y`s for negative x.
Describe the niches of at least 3 species of wildlife that might be .pdf
Describe the niches of at least 3 species of wildlife that might be found in Michigan.
Solution
The forest landscape of Michigan represents wide variety of species. The land is mostly occupied
by red wood trees and shaded land is dominated by ferns. The trees support wide species of wild
life. The fallen logs in the forest support Salamanders, snakes, flying squirrels, small insects and
several invertebrates.
The downy and hairy woodpeckers live on dying and dead standing trees known as snags. The
hairy woodpeckers require larger snags than down woodpeckers. The trees provide food for
insects and shelter. The hairy woodpeckers feed on large insects. These small differences in
habitats are observed between downy and hairy woodpeckers. Each type of woodpecker occupies
a different niche and exhibits different functional role in the forest ecosystem.
Two types of forests are abudant. Coniferous forests are habitat for Red squirrels that feed on
large pine cones. The deciduous forests are habitat of grey squirrels. These feed on acorns and
beechnuts.
Amphibians like redbacked and spotted salamanders live in moist, mature deciduous forest floors
and at dead and decaying logs. Red shouldered hawks are found extensively in deciduous forest
types and use lowland for nesting.
Several types of birds, insects, reptiles, amphibians, squirrels, black bears and various types of
fungi and mushrooms live in different ecological niches in the Michigan forests..
Define multicollinearity in the following termsa. In which type o.pdf
Define multicollinearity in the following terms:
a. In which type of regression is it likely to occur?
Solution
Collinearity is a linear association between two explanatory variables.
Two variables are perfectly collinear if there is an exact linear relationship between them.
Multicollinearity is a phenomenon in which two or more predictor variables in a multiple
regression model are highly correlated, means that one can be linearly predicted from the others
with a substantial degree of accuracy
Hence multi collinearity occurs in multiple regression.
Convert the for loop Into MIPS Instructions. Use the sit instruction .pdf
Convert the for loop Into MIPS Instructions. Use the sit instruction to determine the branch. Be
sure to Initialize I properly. for (Int I = 1; I min &&i;>l; Else A[i] = 0; I: $t0, min: $t1, max:
$t2, base address of A: $s0
Solution
Answer:
a)
.zero 1
main:
push rbp
mov rbp, rsp
mov DWORD PTR [rbp-8], 1
.L3:
cmp DWORD PTR [rbp-8], 6
jg .L2
mov eax, DWORD PTR [rbp-8]
add DWORD PTR [rbp-4], eax
add DWORD PTR [rbp-8], 1
jmp .L3
.L2:
mov eax, 0
pop rbp
ret
__static_initialization_and_destruction_0(int, int):
push rbp
mov rbp, rsp
sub rsp, 16
mov DWORD PTR [rbp-4], edi
mov DWORD PTR [rbp-8], esi
cmp DWORD PTR [rbp-4], 1
jne .L7
cmp DWORD PTR [rbp-8], 65535
jne .L7
mov edi, OFFSET FLAT:std::__ioinit
call std::ios_base::Init::Init()
mov edx, OFFSET FLAT:__dso_handle
mov esi, OFFSET FLAT:std::__ioinit
mov edi, OFFSET FLAT:std::ios_base::Init::~Init()
call __cxa_atexit
.L7:
nop
leave
ret
push rbp
mov rbp, rsp
mov esi, 65535
mov edi, 1
call __static_initialization_and_destruction_0(int, int)
pop rbp
ret
b)
.zero 1
main:
push rbp
mov rbp, rsp
mov eax, DWORD PTR [rbp-4]
cmp eax, DWORD PTR [rbp-8]
jle .L2
mov eax, DWORD PTR [rbp-4]
cmp eax, DWORD PTR [rbp-12]
jge .L2
mov eax, DWORD PTR [rbp-4]
cdqe
mov DWORD PTR [rbp-96+rax*4], 1
jmp .L3
.L2:
mov eax, DWORD PTR [rbp-4]
cdqe
mov DWORD PTR [rbp-96+rax*4], 0
.L3:
mov eax, 0
pop rbp
ret
__static_initialization_and_destruction_0(int, int):
push rbp
mov rbp, rsp
sub rsp, 16
mov DWORD PTR [rbp-4], edi
mov DWORD PTR [rbp-8], esi
cmp DWORD PTR [rbp-4], 1
jne .L7
cmp DWORD PTR [rbp-8], 65535
jne .L7
mov edi, OFFSET FLAT:std::__ioinit
call std::ios_base::Init::Init()
mov edx, OFFSET FLAT:__dso_handle
mov esi, OFFSET FLAT:std::__ioinit
mov edi, OFFSET FLAT:std::ios_base::Init::~Init()
call __cxa_atexit
.L7:
nop
leave
ret
push rbp
mov rbp, rsp
mov esi, 65535
mov edi, 1
call __static_initialization_and_destruction_0(int, int)
pop rbp
ret.
Clarify how cells and molecules are linked to tissuesSolutionA.pdf
Clarify how cells and molecules are linked to tissues
Solution
Answer:
Various molecules together are going to from organelles & finally to form cells and cells
together to form tissues, a complex multicellular component of organs & organs systems in an
organism. These cells are linked to the tissues via cell adhesion molecules, integral membrane
receptors, connexins, selectins & integrins and cadherins via either homophillic homophillic
binding or heterophillic binding. The cells are going to connect within the tissues via Cell-Matrix
Interactions to basal lamina & cell-cell adhesions or gap junctions or focal adhesions as part of
combinatorial diversity
Foe example:
Transitional epithelium is a stratified epithelium mainly existing in urothelium, urinary bladder,
prostrate and intercellular adhesion is essential for cell to cell communication & these are
existing where the epithelial tissues subjecting to traction & pressure. The prominent
intercellular adhesions existing in transitional epithelium are occluding junctions (zonula
occludens, zonula adherens (existing in prostrate), tight junctions, anchoring adhesive junctions
between cells (desmosomes), gap junctions (connexins) between the cells. Some of the junctions
are promoting intercellular adhesion in transitional epithelium..
Can you define fixed and variable costs Can you give some examples.pdf
Can you define fixed and variable costs? Can you give some examples?
Solution
All the costs faced by companies can be broken into two main categories: fixed costs and
variable costs.
Fixed costs are costs that are independent of output. These remain constant throughout the
relevant range and are usually considered sunk for the relevant range (not relevant to output
decisions). Fixed costs often include rent, buildings, machinery, etc.
Variable costs are costs that vary with output. Generally variable costs increase at a constant rate
relative to labor and capital. Variable costs may include wages, utilities, materials used in
production, etc..
A spherical party balloon is being inflated with helium pumped in at.pdf
A spherical party balloon is being inflated with helium pumped in at a rate of 9 cubic feet per
minute. How fast is the radius growing at the instant when the radius has reached 1 ft? (The
volume of a sphere of radius r is V = 4/3(pi(radius))^3
Solution
V = 4/3*pi*(r)^3 dV=4*pi*(r)^2*dr given dV=9 r=1 9=4*3.14*1*dr dr=0.7165.
Answer 1 and Answer 2 (second one to decode)Solutionbreathing .pdf
Answer 1 and Answer 2 (second one to decode)
Solution
breathing new existence into the \'90s sport Six degrees of Kevin Viscount St. Albans, researcher
Stephen Dolan at Trinity university Dublin created the Six tiers of Wikipedia. users can key in
any combination of objects into the script on his web site and find how carefully or distantly
related the 2 matters are. Lifehacker.com, coming in well below six.
according to the given UML class diagram, you’re required to design .pdf
according to the given UML class diagram, you’re required to design the following classes:
Package
TwoDayPackage
OvernightPackage
You are also required to write a driver’s program (name it as Assignment7.cpp) to create several
objects from above classes and do the relevant computation on them.
Section 3: Program description
3.1 Introduction
Package-delivery services, such as FedEx, DHL and UPS offer a number of different shipping
options, each with specific costs associated. Create an inheritance hierarchy to represent various
types of packages.
Use class Package as the base class of the hierarchy, then include classes
TwoDayPackage and OvernightPackage that derive from Package.
Base class Package should include data members representing the name, address, city, state and
ZIP code for both the sender and the recipient of the package, in addition to data members that
store the weight (in ounces) and cost per ounce to ship the package.
Package’s constructor should initialize above data members.
Package should provide a public member function calculateCost() that returns a double value
indicting the cost associated with shipping the package.
Package’s calculateCost() function should determine the cost by multiplying the weight by the
cost per ounce.
Below please find the UML diagram for Package class.
1
Package
#senderName: string #senderAddress: string #senderCity: string #senderState: string #senderZip:
int
#recipientName: string #recipientAddress: string #recipientCity: string #recipientState: string
#recipientZip: int
#weight: double #costPerOunce: double
+Package(string &sName, string &sAddress, string &sCity, string &sState, int sZIP,
string &rName, string &rAddress, string &rCity, string &rState, int rZIP, double w, double cost)
+getSenderName(): string +getSenderAddress(): string +getSenderCity(): string
+getSenderState(): string +getSenderZIP(): int
+getRecipientName(): string +getRecipientAddress(): string +getRecipientCity(): string
+getRecipientState(): string +getRecipientZIP(): int
+getWeight(): double +setWeight(double ):void +getCostPerOunce(): double
+setCostPerOunce(double ): void
+toString(): string
+calculateCost(): double
Package class
It is a base class, which will be used to derive the following two sub classes later on:
TwoDayPackage
OvernightPackage
Function calculateCost() will need to be override later.
Function toString() will print the package’s info. in the following format.
\ Sender’s Name:\\t\\tJohn Smith
\ Sender’s Address:\\t\\tNo.1 Main St, Phoenix, AZ, 85004
\ \ Recipient’s Name:\\t\\tMary Johnson
2
\ Recipient’s Address:\\t\\t124th St, Boston, MA, 55555 \ \ Weight:\\t\\t8.50 lb
\ Cost:\\t\\t$0.65 per ounce
4) For Package class’s constructor, we provided the local variables’ name to make the
initialization clear.
TwoDayPackage class
It is a sub-class of Package class, i.e. it inherits from class Package
It should inherit the functionality of base class Package, but also include a data member that
represents a .
Bio cell and molecular Answer ALL1 although all of the.pdf
Bio: cell and molecular
Answer ALL
1 although all of the steps involved in expressing a gene can in principle be regulated, for most
genes the initiation of __________ is the most important point of control.
2 the general transcription factors that assemble at a eukaryotic promoter are different, depending
on the specific gene being transcribed by polymerase II.
True or False?
3 Which of the following describes the lac operon in E. coli when lactose, but not glucose, is
present in the culture medium?
A) CAP, but not the lac repressor, is bound to the lac operon\'s regulatory DNA, and the lac
operon is expressed.
B) CAP and the lac repressor are both bound to the lac operon\'s regulatory DNA, and the lac
operon is not expressed.
C) The lac repressor, but not CAP, is bound to the lac operon\'s regulatory DNA, and the lac
operon is not expressed.
D) Neither CAP nor the lac repressor is bound to the lac operon\'s regulatory DNA, and the lac
operon is not expressed.
Bio: cell and molecular
Answer ALL
1 although all of the steps involved in expressing a gene can in principle be regulated, for most
genes the initiation of __________ is the most important point of control.
2 the general transcription factors that assemble at a eukaryotic promoter are different, depending
on the specific gene being transcribed by polymerase II.
True or False?
3 Which of the following describes the lac operon in E. coli when lactose, but not glucose, is
present in the culture medium?
A) CAP, but not the lac repressor, is bound to the lac operon\'s regulatory DNA, and the lac
operon is expressed.
B) CAP and the lac repressor are both bound to the lac operon\'s regulatory DNA, and the lac
operon is not expressed.
C) The lac repressor, but not CAP, is bound to the lac operon\'s regulatory DNA, and the lac
operon is not expressed.
D) Neither CAP nor the lac repressor is bound to the lac operon\'s regulatory DNA, and the lac
operon is not expressed.
Answer ALL
1 although all of the steps involved in expressing a gene can in principle be regulated, for most
genes the initiation of __________ is the most important point of control.
2 the general transcription factors that assemble at a eukaryotic promoter are different, depending
on the specific gene being transcribed by polymerase II.
True or False?
3 Which of the following describes the lac operon in E. coli when lactose, but not glucose, is
present in the culture medium?
A) CAP, but not the lac repressor, is bound to the lac operon\'s regulatory DNA, and the lac
operon is expressed.
B) CAP and the lac repressor are both bound to the lac operon\'s regulatory DNA, and the lac
operon is not expressed.
C) The lac repressor, but not CAP, is bound to the lac operon\'s regulatory DNA, and the lac
operon is not expressed.
D) Neither CAP nor the lac repressor is bound to the lac operon\'s regulatory DNA, and the lac
operon is not expressed.
1 although all of the steps involved in expressing a gene can in principle be regulated, for.
Briefly detail the elements the two OS families (Windows and IOS) ha.pdf
Briefly detail the elements the two OS families (Windows and IOS) have most in common. Since
both Microsoft and Apple have borrowed heavily from each other over the years, research which
company introduced which elements first.
Solution
Answer
Elements of Windows and IOS that are common:
1. Proprietary license (windows introduced it first)
2. Supported CPU structure is ARM (windows introduces it first)
3. both have been programmed (though partially) in C/C++ (Windows introduced it first)
4. GPU accelerated GUI (IOS introduced it first).
Biology can be orginized into a hierarchy. Which of the following re.pdf
Biology can be orginized into a hierarchy. Which of the following represents the lowest level in
such a scheme?
a) Organism
b) tissues
c) nucleus
d) cells
Solution
c) nucleus
Gene is the physical unit of heredity that transmits information from one cell to another and
thereby one generation to another. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a double helical structure; it
contains the organism’s genetic information in the genes which lie along the structure of DNA.
Nucleus contains the DNA, which carry the genetic information from one cell to the other and
one organism to the other..
2 Person Class [5 marks Complete the provided Person class Add appro.pdf
2: Person Class [5 marks Complete the provided Person class Add appropriate getter and setter
methods. Complete the interact (Person) method Peraoa When a person transmits a disease to
another person, a new copy of the same disease should be transmitted (same name, severity,
chance of transmission). Make sure that you create a new Disease object. (why?)
Solution
A scripting or script language could be a programing language that supports scripts, programs
written for a special run-time setting that alter the execution of tasks that would instead be dead
one-by-one by a person\'s operator.[1] Scripting languages area unit usually taken (rather than
compiled). Primitives area unit typically the elementary tasks or API calls, and also the language
permits them to be combined into additional complicated programs. Environments that may be
machine-controlled through scripting embody package applications, websites inside an internet
browser, the shells of operational systems (OS), embedded systems, similarly as various games.
A scripting language will be viewed as a domain-specific language for a selected environment;
within the case of scripting associate application, this is often additionally called associate
extension language. Scripting languages are generally mentioned as terribly high-level
programming languages, as they operate at a high level of abstraction, or as management
languages, significantly for computer programme languages on mainframes.
The term \"scripting language\" is additionally used loosely to ask dynamic high-level all-
purpose languages, like Perl,[2] Tcl, and Python,[3] with the term \"script\" usually used for tiny
programs (up to a number of thousand lines of code) in such languages, or in domain-specific
languages like the text-processing languages sed and AWK. a number of these languages were
originally developed to be used inside a selected setting, and later developed into moveable
domain-specific or all-purpose languages. Conversely, several all-purpose languages have
dialects that area unit used as scripting languages. this text discusses scripting languages within
the slender sense of languages for a selected setting.
The spectrum of scripting languages ranges from terribly little and extremely domain-specific
languages to all-purpose programming languages used for scripting. normal samples of scripting
languages for specific environments include: Bash, for the {unix|UNIX|UNIX system|UNIX
operational system|operating system|OS} or Unix-like operating systems; ECMAScript
(JavaScript), for net browsers; and Visual Basic for Applications, for Microsoft workplace
applications. Lua could be a language designed associated wide used as an extension language.
Python could be a all-purpose language that\'s additionally usually used as associate extension
language, whereas ECMAScript continues to be primarily a scripting language for net browsers,
however is additionally used as a all-purpose language. The Emacs Lisp non-st.
1. All of the following are methods of prion disease transmission EX.pdf
1. All of the following are methods of prion disease transmission EXCEPT...
a. inhalation (airborne).
b. ingestion of infected tissue.
c. inheritance (genetic).
d. contamination through use of inadequately processed surgical instruments.
2. Place the steps in the correct order to reflect how a lethal dose may be determined.
A) Dilutions of virus are made to represent a range of concentrations.
B) Inoculated host cells are observed and the number of dead cells are counted.
C) The dilution which killed 50% of the tissue culture cells is identified.
D) Dilutions are inoculated into susceptible tissue cultures (or susceptible host organisms).
a. A D B C
b.D B C A
c. D A C B
d. A B D C
Solution
1.A
Prion disease can be transmitted through:
2.a A D B C.
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