This document discusses casting alloys used in dentistry. It begins with a brief history of casting alloys and their evolution since the 1900s. It then covers the key properties casting alloys must have including biocompatibility, corrosion resistance, hardness, castability and bonding to ceramics. The document classifies casting alloys and discusses commonly used types such as gold alloys, silver-palladium alloys, cobalt-chrome alloys and titanium alloys. It provides details on the composition and characteristics of different alloy groups.
The document discusses the physical and chemical properties of metals and non-metals. Physically, metals are typically solid, malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity, while non-metals can be solid, liquid, or gas and are not malleable, ductile, or good conductors. Chemically, metals react with oxygen to form metal oxides, react with water or acids, and can corrode in air/moisture. Non-metals typically burn when reacting with oxygen to form non-metal oxides. The reactivity series lists metals in order of their reactivity from most (potassium) to least (gold, platinum) reactive.
This document discusses metals and alloys used in dentistry. It defines key terms related to the mechanical properties of metals like ductility, hardness, strength and elasticity. It describes how alloys are classified based on their composition and properties. Common alloys used in dentistry include noble metal alloys like gold-based and palladium-based alloys, and base metal alloys like nickel-chromium and cobalt-chromium alloys. The document traces the history of alloy use and development in dentistry from gold to newer alloys that are stronger, cheaper and better suited for applications like metal-ceramic restorations and removable partial dentures.
Sheets Metal used in Manufacturing ProcessRishabh Singh
Presentaion is on how sheets metal are used in manufacturing process.
You get to know about how many types of steels are there and what are there types.
More than than it contains information about metals used in metallurgy.
Casting alloys can be classified in several ways: by their noble metal content, mechanical properties, principal elements, dental application, or number of alloying elements. The desirable properties of casting alloys include biocompatibility, appropriate melting range, hardness, corrosion resistance, and low casting shrinkage. Newer alternatives to casting like CAD-CAM allow fabrication of restorations from non-castable materials like titanium and help avoid issues with impressions or shrinkage.
PRESENTATION ON GOLD ALLOYS USED IN DENTISTRY. USEFUL FORALLBRANCHES OF DENTISTRY SPECIALLY PROSTHODONTICS AND CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY. INCLUDES VARIOUS CATEGORIES OF ALLOYS AND THEIR ADVANTAGES, DISADVANTAGES, USES ETC.
Copper and its alloys are classified according to the Copper Development Association. Wrought alloys include unalloyed copper, brass, and bronze. Unalloyed copper includes electrolytic tough-pitch copper, oxygen-free copper, and phosphorus deoxidized copper. Brass is a copper-zinc alloy that may also contain tin, aluminum, or lead. Bronze is primarily a copper-tin alloy but may also contain aluminum, nickel, phosphorus, or other elements. Copper and its alloys have many applications due to their electrical and thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance, strength and other properties.
This document discusses casting alloys used in dentistry. It begins with a brief history of casting alloys and their evolution since the 1900s. It then covers the key properties casting alloys must have including biocompatibility, corrosion resistance, hardness, castability and bonding to ceramics. The document classifies casting alloys and discusses commonly used types such as gold alloys, silver-palladium alloys, cobalt-chrome alloys and titanium alloys. It provides details on the composition and characteristics of different alloy groups.
The document discusses the physical and chemical properties of metals and non-metals. Physically, metals are typically solid, malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity, while non-metals can be solid, liquid, or gas and are not malleable, ductile, or good conductors. Chemically, metals react with oxygen to form metal oxides, react with water or acids, and can corrode in air/moisture. Non-metals typically burn when reacting with oxygen to form non-metal oxides. The reactivity series lists metals in order of their reactivity from most (potassium) to least (gold, platinum) reactive.
This document discusses metals and alloys used in dentistry. It defines key terms related to the mechanical properties of metals like ductility, hardness, strength and elasticity. It describes how alloys are classified based on their composition and properties. Common alloys used in dentistry include noble metal alloys like gold-based and palladium-based alloys, and base metal alloys like nickel-chromium and cobalt-chromium alloys. The document traces the history of alloy use and development in dentistry from gold to newer alloys that are stronger, cheaper and better suited for applications like metal-ceramic restorations and removable partial dentures.
Sheets Metal used in Manufacturing ProcessRishabh Singh
Presentaion is on how sheets metal are used in manufacturing process.
You get to know about how many types of steels are there and what are there types.
More than than it contains information about metals used in metallurgy.
Casting alloys can be classified in several ways: by their noble metal content, mechanical properties, principal elements, dental application, or number of alloying elements. The desirable properties of casting alloys include biocompatibility, appropriate melting range, hardness, corrosion resistance, and low casting shrinkage. Newer alternatives to casting like CAD-CAM allow fabrication of restorations from non-castable materials like titanium and help avoid issues with impressions or shrinkage.
PRESENTATION ON GOLD ALLOYS USED IN DENTISTRY. USEFUL FORALLBRANCHES OF DENTISTRY SPECIALLY PROSTHODONTICS AND CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY. INCLUDES VARIOUS CATEGORIES OF ALLOYS AND THEIR ADVANTAGES, DISADVANTAGES, USES ETC.
Copper and its alloys are classified according to the Copper Development Association. Wrought alloys include unalloyed copper, brass, and bronze. Unalloyed copper includes electrolytic tough-pitch copper, oxygen-free copper, and phosphorus deoxidized copper. Brass is a copper-zinc alloy that may also contain tin, aluminum, or lead. Bronze is primarily a copper-tin alloy but may also contain aluminum, nickel, phosphorus, or other elements. Copper and its alloys have many applications due to their electrical and thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance, strength and other properties.
Base-Metal-Alloys used in dentistry..pptxKalpanaNunia1
Dentists should be aware of the corrosion properties and biocompatibility of any alloy they use.
In the absence of detailed data on corrosion for an alloy, use of high-noble and noble alloys of single-phase microstructure will minimize biologic risk.
Patients with Ni allergy may have sensitivity for cobalt. Such patients should be tested to rule out allergy before giving Co-Cr restoration.
This document provides an overview of dental casting alloys. It begins with a brief introduction to the use of metals in dentistry and a history of important developments in dental casting alloys from 1907 to 1999. The document then covers interatomic bonds, physical properties, common metallic elements used in alloys, classifications of alloys, and descriptions of specific alloy types including gold casting alloys, metal ceramic alloys, and base metal alloys.
This document provides information on various non-ferrous alloys, including their compositions and properties. It discusses aluminum alloys such as duraluminum and corrosion resistant alloys. Copper alloys described include brasses, bronzes, and cupronickels. Other alloys covered are magnesium, zinc, lead, and titanium alloys. For each type of alloy, common compositions are provided along with properties like strength, ductility, and applications.
Metals are characterized by their luster, strength, conductivity, and ability to form alloys. Metallic bonding occurs when valence electrons are delocalized and surround atomic nuclei, allowing metals to be malleable and ductile. Ferrous metals contain iron while non-ferrous metals do not. Common ferrous metals include steel alloys while common non-ferrous metals include aluminum and copper. Alloys combine metals to produce materials with improved properties for various applications.
This document discusses ferrous metals and their classification. It notes that ferrous metals contain iron as their major constituent and includes metals like cast iron and steel. It then describes the different types of ferrous materials including plain carbon steels, alloy steels, and stainless steels. Plain carbon steels are further broken down into low carbon steels used for automotive bodies, medium carbon steels used for rails and gears, and high carbon steels used for cutting tools. Alloy steels add other elements like chromium and nickel to improve properties.
This document discusses ferrous metals and their classification. It notes that ferrous metals contain iron as their major constituent and includes metals like cast iron and steel. It then describes the different types of ferrous materials including plain carbon steels, alloy steels, and stainless steels. Plain carbon steels are further broken down into low carbon steels used for automotive bodies, medium carbon steels used for rails and gears, and high carbon steels used for cutting tools. Alloy steels add other elements like chromium and nickel to improve properties.
This document discusses ferrous metals and their classification. It notes that ferrous metals contain iron as their major constituent and includes metals like cast iron and steel. It then describes the different types of ferrous materials including plain carbon steels, alloy steels, and stainless steels. Plain carbon steels are further broken down into low carbon steels used for automotive bodies, medium carbon steels used for rails and gears, and high carbon steels used for cutting tools. Alloy steels add other elements like chromium and nickel to improve properties.
This document provides information on different types of materials, focusing on metals. It classifies materials into metals, polymers, and ceramics. Within metals, it distinguishes between ferrous metals which contain iron and non-ferrous metals which do not. Specific ferrous metals discussed include various grades of steel classified based on their carbon content. Alloy steels are also introduced. Common alloys of steel like stainless steel, nickel steel, and Invar steel are summarized in terms of their composition and properties. End uses of alloys are also briefly covered.
The document discusses the key differences between metals and non-metals, the sources and extraction of metals from ores, the formation of alloys through the addition of other metals, examples of main group metals important in biology, and the properties, electronic configurations, and common oxidation states of transition metals.
This document discusses properties and uses of metals and non-metals. It begins by stating that most metals are found combined as oxides, sulfides, etc, while some non-metals exist freely. Metallurgy involves extracting metals from ores through concentration, reduction, and refining processes. Metals are malleable, ductile conductors while non-metals vary in state, are brittle, and conduct poorly. The document then covers chemical reactions of metals and non-metals and an activity series, before discussing uses of common metals and non-metals as well as alloys and corrosion prevention.
Metallic restorations in dentistry are made from alloys of various metals. Common alloys include gold, silver, palladium, cobalt, and chromium. Alloys provide strength, shine, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility for dental applications. Factors like pH, temperature fluctuations, and poor hygiene can cause changes to alloy surfaces over time through lackluster, pigmentation, and corrosion. Dental professionals select from different alloys depending on the intended use, such as crowns, bridges, or dentures.
This document discusses ferrous metals and their classification. It states that ferrous metals contain iron as their major constituent, with examples including cast iron and steel. It then describes the classification of ferrous materials, with steels being alloys of iron and carbon. Steels are further classified as plain carbon steels, which contain up to 1.5% carbon, and alloy steels, which contain additional alloying elements. Plain carbon steels are then broken down into low-carbon (<0.25% C), medium-carbon (0.25-0.6% C), and high-carbon (>0.6% C) steels.
This document discusses ferrous metals and their classification. It states that ferrous metals contain iron as their major constituent, with examples including cast iron and steel. It then describes the classification of ferrous materials, with steels being alloys of iron and carbon. Steels are further classified as plain carbon steels, which contain up to 1.5% carbon, and alloy steels, which contain additional alloying elements. Plain carbon steels are then broken down into low-carbon (<0.25% C), medium-carbon (0.25-0.6% C), and high-carbon (>0.6% C) steels.
This document discusses different types of dental casting alloys, including their compositions, properties, and applications. It covers alloys for all-metal restorations as well as metal-ceramic alloys. Key alloys discussed include gold-based alloys, palladium-based alloys, nickel-chromium alloys, cobalt-chromium alloys, and titanium alloys. The document provides details on the characteristics and requirements of alloys for different dental applications.
The document provides an overview of base metal alloys used in dentistry. It defines base metals as metals that readily oxidize or dissolve when exposed to air or moisture, in contrast to noble metals. Common base metals used in dental alloys include nickel, cobalt, chromium, and beryllium. The document discusses the composition, properties, advantages, and disadvantages of various base metal alloys, including nickel-chromium alloys, cobalt-chromium alloys, and titanium alloys. It also covers the classification of dental alloys according to the ADA and their applications in fixed and removable dental prostheses.
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Base-Metal-Alloys used in dentistry..pptxKalpanaNunia1
Dentists should be aware of the corrosion properties and biocompatibility of any alloy they use.
In the absence of detailed data on corrosion for an alloy, use of high-noble and noble alloys of single-phase microstructure will minimize biologic risk.
Patients with Ni allergy may have sensitivity for cobalt. Such patients should be tested to rule out allergy before giving Co-Cr restoration.
This document provides an overview of dental casting alloys. It begins with a brief introduction to the use of metals in dentistry and a history of important developments in dental casting alloys from 1907 to 1999. The document then covers interatomic bonds, physical properties, common metallic elements used in alloys, classifications of alloys, and descriptions of specific alloy types including gold casting alloys, metal ceramic alloys, and base metal alloys.
This document provides information on various non-ferrous alloys, including their compositions and properties. It discusses aluminum alloys such as duraluminum and corrosion resistant alloys. Copper alloys described include brasses, bronzes, and cupronickels. Other alloys covered are magnesium, zinc, lead, and titanium alloys. For each type of alloy, common compositions are provided along with properties like strength, ductility, and applications.
Metals are characterized by their luster, strength, conductivity, and ability to form alloys. Metallic bonding occurs when valence electrons are delocalized and surround atomic nuclei, allowing metals to be malleable and ductile. Ferrous metals contain iron while non-ferrous metals do not. Common ferrous metals include steel alloys while common non-ferrous metals include aluminum and copper. Alloys combine metals to produce materials with improved properties for various applications.
This document discusses ferrous metals and their classification. It notes that ferrous metals contain iron as their major constituent and includes metals like cast iron and steel. It then describes the different types of ferrous materials including plain carbon steels, alloy steels, and stainless steels. Plain carbon steels are further broken down into low carbon steels used for automotive bodies, medium carbon steels used for rails and gears, and high carbon steels used for cutting tools. Alloy steels add other elements like chromium and nickel to improve properties.
This document discusses ferrous metals and their classification. It notes that ferrous metals contain iron as their major constituent and includes metals like cast iron and steel. It then describes the different types of ferrous materials including plain carbon steels, alloy steels, and stainless steels. Plain carbon steels are further broken down into low carbon steels used for automotive bodies, medium carbon steels used for rails and gears, and high carbon steels used for cutting tools. Alloy steels add other elements like chromium and nickel to improve properties.
This document discusses ferrous metals and their classification. It notes that ferrous metals contain iron as their major constituent and includes metals like cast iron and steel. It then describes the different types of ferrous materials including plain carbon steels, alloy steels, and stainless steels. Plain carbon steels are further broken down into low carbon steels used for automotive bodies, medium carbon steels used for rails and gears, and high carbon steels used for cutting tools. Alloy steels add other elements like chromium and nickel to improve properties.
This document provides information on different types of materials, focusing on metals. It classifies materials into metals, polymers, and ceramics. Within metals, it distinguishes between ferrous metals which contain iron and non-ferrous metals which do not. Specific ferrous metals discussed include various grades of steel classified based on their carbon content. Alloy steels are also introduced. Common alloys of steel like stainless steel, nickel steel, and Invar steel are summarized in terms of their composition and properties. End uses of alloys are also briefly covered.
The document discusses the key differences between metals and non-metals, the sources and extraction of metals from ores, the formation of alloys through the addition of other metals, examples of main group metals important in biology, and the properties, electronic configurations, and common oxidation states of transition metals.
This document discusses properties and uses of metals and non-metals. It begins by stating that most metals are found combined as oxides, sulfides, etc, while some non-metals exist freely. Metallurgy involves extracting metals from ores through concentration, reduction, and refining processes. Metals are malleable, ductile conductors while non-metals vary in state, are brittle, and conduct poorly. The document then covers chemical reactions of metals and non-metals and an activity series, before discussing uses of common metals and non-metals as well as alloys and corrosion prevention.
Metallic restorations in dentistry are made from alloys of various metals. Common alloys include gold, silver, palladium, cobalt, and chromium. Alloys provide strength, shine, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility for dental applications. Factors like pH, temperature fluctuations, and poor hygiene can cause changes to alloy surfaces over time through lackluster, pigmentation, and corrosion. Dental professionals select from different alloys depending on the intended use, such as crowns, bridges, or dentures.
This document discusses ferrous metals and their classification. It states that ferrous metals contain iron as their major constituent, with examples including cast iron and steel. It then describes the classification of ferrous materials, with steels being alloys of iron and carbon. Steels are further classified as plain carbon steels, which contain up to 1.5% carbon, and alloy steels, which contain additional alloying elements. Plain carbon steels are then broken down into low-carbon (<0.25% C), medium-carbon (0.25-0.6% C), and high-carbon (>0.6% C) steels.
This document discusses ferrous metals and their classification. It states that ferrous metals contain iron as their major constituent, with examples including cast iron and steel. It then describes the classification of ferrous materials, with steels being alloys of iron and carbon. Steels are further classified as plain carbon steels, which contain up to 1.5% carbon, and alloy steels, which contain additional alloying elements. Plain carbon steels are then broken down into low-carbon (<0.25% C), medium-carbon (0.25-0.6% C), and high-carbon (>0.6% C) steels.
This document discusses different types of dental casting alloys, including their compositions, properties, and applications. It covers alloys for all-metal restorations as well as metal-ceramic alloys. Key alloys discussed include gold-based alloys, palladium-based alloys, nickel-chromium alloys, cobalt-chromium alloys, and titanium alloys. The document provides details on the characteristics and requirements of alloys for different dental applications.
The document provides an overview of base metal alloys used in dentistry. It defines base metals as metals that readily oxidize or dissolve when exposed to air or moisture, in contrast to noble metals. Common base metals used in dental alloys include nickel, cobalt, chromium, and beryllium. The document discusses the composition, properties, advantages, and disadvantages of various base metal alloys, including nickel-chromium alloys, cobalt-chromium alloys, and titanium alloys. It also covers the classification of dental alloys according to the ADA and their applications in fixed and removable dental prostheses.
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2. DEFINITION
• Alloy: It is defined as crystalline substance with metallic
properties that is composed of two or more elements, at least
one of which is metal.
• Noble metal: They are resistant to corrosion in the mouth.eg:
gold, platinum, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, iridium,
osmium and silver
• Base metals: These are non –noble metals. A metal that
readily oxidizes or dissolves to release ions. Eg. Chromium,
cobalt, nickel, iron, copper, manganese
3. CLASSIFICATION AND COMPOSITION
OF DENTAL CASTING ALLOYS:
I) ALLOY CLASSIFICATION OF THE AMERICAN
DENTALASSOCIATION (1984):
Alloy type Noble metal content
High noble Must contain 40%Au and
60% of noble Metals.
Noble Must contain 25% of Noble
metals
Base metal alloys Contain < 25% wt of
Noble metals.
4. ACCORDING TO THE NUMBER OF
ALLOYING ELEMENTS
a. Binary alloy – if two elements are present
b. Ternary alloy – if three elements are present
c. Quaternary alloy – if four elements are present
5. ACCORDING TO ADA SPECIFICATION NO.5
Type I (Soft): These alloys are limited to use in inlays that are subject
only to slight stress during mastication.
Type II (Medium): These medium alloys can be used for all types of
cast inlays and onlays.
Type III (Hard): These alloys are most acceptable for crowns, thin
3/4th crowns, and anterior and posterior bridge abutments
Type IV (Extra hard): These alloys are designed to have sufficient
strength and adequate properties for cast removable partial dentures
with clasps, precision cast fixed bridges and ¾ crowns.
6. ACCORDING TO USE
• Alloys for all metal and resin veneer restorations (eg inlays,
posts, resin and composite veneered crowns and FPDs)
• Alloys for metal ceramic restoration (eg PFM crowns and
FPDs)
• Alloys for removable dentures (eg RPD frames and complete
denture bases)
7. ACCORDING TO MAJOR
ELEMENTS
A) Gold alloys
B) Silver alloys
C) Palladium alloys
D) Nickel alloys
E) Cobalt alloys
F) Titanium alloys
8. ACCORDING TO THREE MAJOR
ELEMENTS
A) Gold-palladium-silver
B) Palladium-silver-tin
C) Nickel-chromium-molybdenum
D) Cobalt-chromium-molybdenum
E) Iron-nickel-chromium
F) Titanium-Aluminium-vanadium
9. Casting alloys
Based on function
TYPE 1-SOFT.
TYPE 2-MEDIUM
TYPE 3- HARD.
TYPE 4- EXTRA HARD
METAL CERAMIC HARD AND
EXTRA HARD
Based on
Description
CROWN AND BRIDGE ALLOYS.
1. NOBLE METAL ALLOYS
:A.) GOLD BASED
B.) NON GOLD BASED
2. BASE METAL ALLOYS:
A.) NICKLE BASED.
B.) COBALT BASED
METAL CERAMIC ALLOYS
1. NOBLE METAL ALLOYS
FOR PORCELIN BONDING.
a.) GOLD- PLATINUM-
PALLADIUM.
b.)GOLD- PLATINUM-
SILVER
c.)GOLD- PALLADIUM.
d.)PALLADIUM- SILVER.
d.)HIGH- PALLADIUM.
2. BASE METAL ALLOYS FOR
PORCELIN BONDING.
a.)NICKLE –CHROMIUM.
b.) COBALT- CHROMIUM
REMOVABLE PARTIAL
DENTURE ALLOYS
1. COBALT – CHROMIUM.
2.NICKLE – CHROMIUM.
3,COBALT- CHROMIUM- NICKLE
10. REQUIREMENTS OF CASTING
ALLOYS
Corrosion resistance.
Tarnish resistance.
Biocompatible.
Sufficiently strong for intended purpose.
Easy to fabricate.
Flow well and duplicate fine details during casting.
Minimal shrinkage on cooling after casting.
Easy to solder.
11. USES & TYPES
USES
• Inlays and onlays
• Crowns and FPDs
• Partial denture frames (Type IV)
• Post- cores
TYPES
High Noble: Gold Alloys
Noble: Silver Palladium Alloys
Base Metal: Nickel-chrome Alloys, Cobalt- Chrome Alloys,
Titanium And Its Alloys, Aluminium Bronze Alloys
12. REMOVABEL DENTURE ALLOYS
REQUIREMENTS:
They should be light in weight
They should have high stiffness
They should have good fatigue resistance
They should be economical
They should not react to commercial denture cleansers
13. REMOVABLE DENTURE ALLOYS
TYPES
1) cobalt-chromium alloys
2) nickel-chromium alloys
3) Aluminium and its alloys
4) Type IV noble alloys
5) Titanium
16. Properties of base metal alloys
• Extremely high yield strengths and
hardness,
• makes difficult to polish.
• Less corrosion resistance.
• Less biocompatible .
