This document provides information about dengue fever, including its causes, symptoms, treatment, and prevention. It notes that dengue fever is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes and affects over 50 million people worldwide each year, with cases rising 80% in India in 2013 compared to the previous year. The disease causes high fever, severe headaches and joint pains. While there is no specific treatment, prevention focuses on eliminating mosquito breeding grounds by removing stagnant water and protecting against mosquito bites. Proper sanitation and disposal of containers that can collect water are effective ways to reduce the spread of the disease.

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2. Dengue Fever
What is it?
Mode of transmission
Symptoms and treatment
Prevention
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3. What is Dengue Fever?
• Dengue fever, also know as
breakbone fever, is an acute
communicable disease caused by
virus.
• Infectious agent: Dengue viruses
(categorize into types 1,2,3,4)
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5. The Situation Worldwide
• About 50 million cases annually
worldwide
• Incidence of dengue fever highest in
tropical and subtropical regions
• Recent increase in disease activity
worldwide
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Regions with dengue fever

7. Alarming 80% rise in dengue cases this year
Times of India
Published on 21 Aug 2013
Durgesh Nandan Jha, TNN | Aug 21, 2013, 07.51 AM IST
NEW DELHI: Dengue cases have risen alarmingly across the country this
year, with data showing an 80% rise in the disease till July 31 as compared
to the same period last year.
India has recorded 15,983 dengue cases so far in 2013 as compared to
8,899 cases in the corresponding months last year, latest health ministry
data shows. But the good news is, while the cases have risen sharply,
fatalities have actually declined - 56 as compared to 76 last year.
Kerala reported most dengue cases at 5,801, followed by Karnataka (3,775),
Tamil Nadu (3079) and Maharashtra (961) till end-July. Delhi witnessed a
sharp rise in cases over the last few weeks, with the total this year touching
54. No one has died due to dengue in the capital so far.
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8. DENGUE CASES - INDIA
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9. Vector
Aedes
albopictus
The life cycle of a vector mosquito is divided
into the 4 stages: egg, larva, pupa and adult
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11. Habitual Behaviour of
Aedes Albopictus (1)
• Usually breed in stagnant water
• Usually active in dark or shaded
places outdoors, but indoor activity is
also possible
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12. Habitual Behaviour of
Aedes Albopictus (2)
• Female mosquitoes feed on human blood.
• They are most active 2 hours before sunset
(around 5pm to 6pm) and at around 8am to
9am.
• Where do they sting?
Outdoors and indoors.
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13. Mode of Transmission
• A healthy person gets the disease when he is
bitten by an infected mosquito. The virus enters
his blood from the mosquito’s saliva.
• An infected person could transmit the virus to
mosquitoes if he is bitten by a mosquito
anytime from the onset to the subsidence of the
fever (a period of about 6 to 7 days). The
disease is then spread by mosquitoes.
• Dengue fever is not spread by contact
with infected persons.
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14. Transmission
Infected
mosquito
Healthy person
Incubation Period: 3 to 14 days
Most commonly 4 to 7 days
Infected
person
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15. Types
Classical
dengue
Dengue
haemorrhagic
fever
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17. Symptoms of
Classical Dengue (1)
• Fever: continuous for 3 to 5 days
• Severe headache
• Painful limbs, joint pain, muscle
pain, back pain, pain behind
eyeballs
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18. Symptoms of
Classical Dengue (2)
•Rash appears on the 3rd to 4th day after onset.
•Nausea, vomiting.
•Slight gum bleeding and nasal bleeding.
•Extreme fatigue and depression may follow
recovery.
• In very rare cases, the condition may worsen
into dengue haemorrhagic fever, leading to
haemorrhage, shock or even death.
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19. Treatment (1)
• At present, there is no drug that
can treat dengue fever
effectively. Patients infected with
classical dengue usually
recovers in 1 to 2 weeks.
• For serious cases, supportive
treatments are provided by
hospitals.
• If you suspect that you have
dengue fever, you should seek
medical treatment promptly.
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20. Treatment (2)
• Wiping the body with warm
water and proper use of
anti-fever drugs like Crocin
that can relieve the fever.
• Don’t take aspirincontaining drugs because
they worsen the
haemorrhage.
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21. Platelets are required in Dengue
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22. Blood Transfusion
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23. Protect Yourself against
Dengue Fever
As yet, there is no effective vaccine against
dengue fever. Therefore, the best prevention is
to avoid being bitten by mosquitoes by paying
attention to the following:
•Avoid staying in dark, outdoor places such as
brushwood, pavilions or the shade of a tree
during the hours when Aedes albopictus is
active.
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24. Control the Spread of
Dengue Fever
Prevent the patient from being
bitten by mosquitoes.
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25. Prevention of
Mosquito Bites
Avoid going out in the hours
when Aedes albopictus feed
or wear light-coloured,
long-sleeved clothing and
trousers.
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26. Prevention of
Mosquito Bites
Your place of
accommodation should
have air-conditioners or
mosquito nets. Otherwise,
hang mosquito screens
around your bed, use
insecticides or coil
incenses to repel
mosquitoes.
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27. Prevention of
Mosquito Bites
Install mosquito nets
to doors and windows
so that mosquitoes
can’t get in.
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28. Elimination of Mosquitoes
The most effective way
to eliminate
mosquitoes is to
keep the environment
clean and to remove
stagnant water so that
mosquitoes can’t
breed.
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29. Possible Breeding Grounds of
Aedes Albopictus (1)
Artificial containers:
Vases, saucers underneath flower
pots, trays underneath airconditioners, buckets, jars and jugs of
earthenware, cement troughs, dumped
tyres and solid wastes such as cans,
disposable cups and bowls, and plastic
bags.
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30. Possible Breeding Grounds of
Aedes Albopictus (2)
Natural containers:
The hollow space inside a bamboo,
hollows of a tree and the rachis of a
leaf.
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31. Elimination of Mosquitoes
Cover water containers
tightly so that
mosquitoes can’t get in
to lay eggs.
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32. Elimination of Mosquitoes
• Dispose of domestic
wastes properly to
prevent the
accumulation of
stagnant water.
• Dispose of empty bottles,
cans and lunchboxes
properly, such as into a
covered bin.
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33. Elimination of Mosquitoes
•Change water for vases
and aquatic plants at
least once a week,
leaving no water under
the pots or in the
bottom saucers.
•Scrub the container
surfaces thoroughly to
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34. Elimination of Mosquitoes
Remove or puncture any
dumped tyres to prevent
the accumulation of
stagnant water.
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35. Elimination of Mosquitoes
Ditches should be free from blockage.
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36. Elimination of Mosquitoes
Fill up uneven ground surfaces to prevent the
accumulation of stagnant water.
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37. Elimination of Mosquitoes
Remove stagnant
water immediately if
mosquitoes are found
to be breeding. Use
environmentally
friendly insecticides
such as lavicidal oil if
necessary.
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38. Elimination of Mosquitoes
In cultivation ponds,
water tanks or large
containers, biological
controls such as
keeping fishes to eat
mosquito larvae
would be a good
option.
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39. Black Spots of Mosquito
Breeding
• Garden / gardening corner / saucers
underneath flower pots / aquatic
plants
• Truckshop
• Rubbish collection stations /
Scrapyard
• Ditches
• Toilets
• Water tanks / pools
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40. Mosquito Elimination
Checklist (1)
• Are containers and other items where
water could accumulate disposed of
properly?
(For example, throwing empty cans,
foam rubber boxes, cups and bottles
into a covered bin.)
• Are water containers covered properly?
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41. Mosquito Elimination
Checklist (2)
• Are ditches free from blockage?
• Are containers with stagnant water
cleaned regularly?
(For example, vases, saucers underneath
flower pots, water storage device of an airconditioner, water tanks and pools.)
• Are uneven ground surfaces filled to
prevent the accumulation of stagnant
water?
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42. See Doctor Immediately
•Having been bitten by
a mosquito and
displaying symptoms
of dengue fever
afterwards
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43. If you suspect that you have
dengue fever, the most
important thing to do is to
see a doctor.
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44. Let’s remove stagnant water
and eliminate mosquitoes
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