This document provides examples to distinguish between commonly confused word pairs in English. It contrasts the words "them" and "those", explaining that "them" is used as an object while "those" is a plural pronoun or adjective. It also contrasts "affect" and "effect", noting that "affect" is a verb meaning to act on something while "effect" is a noun meaning a result or consequence. Examples are given for the proper usage of each word in a sentence.