Dementia is a progressive syndrome that causes deterioration in cognitive function and abilities such as memory, thinking, and judgement. It is caused by damage to brain cells and their ability to communicate. There is currently no cure for dementia but medications and therapies can help slow its progression. The most common type of dementia is Alzheimer's disease, and drugs like Aduhelm and lecanemab are used to slow its degenerative process. Dementia is a major global health issue and its prevalence is expected to triple by 2050 without effective treatments.

1. Conclusion
ABSTRACT Introduction
Dementia is a syndrome – usually of a chronic or
progressive nature– that leads to deterioration in
cognitive function (i.e. the ability to process thought) . It
affects memory, thinking, orientation, comprehension,
calculation, learning capacity, language, and
judgement[1].Dementia is caused by damage to brain
cells. This damage interferes with the ability of brain cells
to communicate with each other. or different function.
When cells in a particular region are damaged, that region
cannot carry out its functions normally[2]. Currently no
treatment available for dementia. Anti-dementia
medicines and disease-modifying therapies used. As
Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of
dementia drugs like Aduhelm and lecanemab are used to
slow down the degenerative process [3].
Treatment
Result
Dementia is a term used to describe a group of
symptoms affecting memory, thinking and social
abilities. Consciousness is not affected It is the
seventh leading cause of death among all diseases
and one of the major causes of disability and
dependency among older people worldwide. It is
caused by damage to or loss of nerve cells and
their connections in the brain. Depending on the
area of the brain that’s damaged, dementia can
affect people differently.There is currently no
treatment available to cure dementia. Anti-
dementia medicines and diseasemodifying
therapies developed to slow down the process.
Reference
There are over 55 million people
worldwide living with dementia in
2020. This number will almost
double every 20 years, reaching
78 million in 2030 and 139 million
in 2050.The total estimated
worldwide cost of dementia was
US$ 818 billion in 2015.Now
above US$ 1.3 trillion and is
expected to rise to US$ 2.8 trillion
by 2030[7].
[1]www.who.int
[2] www.alz.org
[3] www.webmd.com
[4]Dening T, Sandilyan MB (2015) Dementia:
definitions and types. Nursing Standard. 29, 37, 38-
42. Date of submission: March 2 2014; date of
acceptance: August 22 2014.
[5]www.nhs.uk
[6] www.healthline.com
[7]www.alzint.org
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Pharmacy Practices based on Theme Telemedicine Opportunities & Challenges on 18-19 March at SGT University Gurgaon
There is currently no cure for dementia. But
there are medicines and other treatments
that can help with dementia symptoms[5].
Cholinesterase inhibitors work by
increasing acetylcholine, may delay the
dementia-related symptoms[6].
Memantine Used to delay increasing
cognitive and behavioral symptoms[6].
Other drugs :Donepezil ,Galantamine,
Rivastigmine used to treat dementia [6].
The pathophysiology of major dementia, varies
depending on the subtype. Most
types of Dementia caused by accumulation of
native proteins in the brain[4].
-Alzheimer’s Disease: Deposition of Amyloid
plaques and tau protein[4].
-Lewy body dementia and Parkinson disease
dementia:Accumulation of insoluble
aggregates of alpha-synuclein protein[4].
-Vascular dementia: By ischemic injury to
brain[4].
-Frontotemporal dementia :Mutations leading
to the TDP-43 & hyperphosphorylated tau
proteins [4].
Pathophysiology
A major global burden is caused by dementia, which is a
leading cause of death worldwide. Globally, there are thought
to be 50 million dementia sufferers, and by 2050, that figure
is projected to have tripled. Pathogens are now understood
to play a role in dementia development in addition to the
hereditary and lifestyle variables that have been strongly
associated to dementia. A condition showing a loss in
cognitive, behavioural, physical, and/or social functioning
that eventually affects a person’s capacity to live
independently is referred to as dementia.
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, such as donepezil (given
alone or as an add-on therapy) for mild to severe dementia
and memantine (for moderate to severe dementia).
Parkinson disease dementia symptoms may be managed with
rivastigmine.
KEY WORDS:- Dementia, Vascular dementia, Treatment
Dementia: Causes And Treatment
Nidhi Ruhela, Bhuvnesh Sharma, Saurabh, Shivam Sharma,
Sneha Pandey, Yash Vardhan Vats
Sanskar College of Pharmacy and Research, NH-9,
Jindal Nagar, Ghaziabad, India