Delusions are false, unshakeable beliefs that diverge from a person's cultural context, categorized into primary (not linked to other disorders) and secondary (due to other conditions). They can be classified into types such as persecutory, jealous, erotomanic, somatic, grandiose, and mixed, each with distinct themes and characteristics. Understanding them involves recognizing the variances between bizarre and non-bizarre delusions, as well as mood congruence and mental disorders associated with these beliefs.

1. D
E
L
U
SION

2. 2
Definition:
 “Delusion is a false, unshakeable belief that is out of keeping with the
patient’s social and cultural background”
 The belief is not one ordinarily accepted by other members of the person's
culture or subculture.

3. Primary and secondary delusions
⦿ Primary delusion: that is not occuring in
response to another psychopathological
form
⦿for eg :in schizophrenia patients
⦿Secondary delusion: occuring secondary
to some other psychopathological
condition
⦿For eg:delusion of grandiosity in mania

4. Primary delusions
 ⦿ Understandable
 ⦿ In accordance with some
other psychopathological
condition.
 ⦿ Occur in other conditions
 .may be understood in
terms of persons
background ,culture or
emotional state
Secondary delusions
⦿ Ununderstanble
⦿ Not in correlation with
some other
psychopathology
⦿ Occur in schizophrenia

5. Types of primary delusions
⦿Autochthonous delusion(delusional
intuition: sudden delusional idea occurs
out of the blue
⦿Delusional percept:occurs in two stages
perception and then false interpretation
⦿Delusional atmosphere/mood
⦿Delusional memory/retrospective
delusions

7. BIZARRE V/S NON-BIZARRE
7
•A bizarre delusion is a
delusion that is very strange
and completely implausible;
•Eg: aliens have removed the
affected person's brain.
• A non-bizarre delusion is
one whose content is
definitely mistaken, but is
at least possible.
• Eg: the affected person
mistakenly believes he or
she is under constant police
surveillance.

8. MOOD CONGRUENT V/S NEUTRAL
8
•Delusion whose content is
consistent with either a
depressive or manic state.
•Eg: a depressed person may
believe that news anchors on
the TV highly disapprove of
him or her
A mood-neutral delusion
does not relate to the
sufferer's emotional state.
Eg: a belief that an extra limb
is growing out of the back of
one's head is neutral to either
depression or mania.

9. COMMON THEMES OF
DELUSION
6

10. Persecutory type
7
People with this type of delusional
disorder believe that they (or
someone close to them) are being
mistreated, or that someone is spying
on them or planning to harm them

11. Jealous Type
A person with this type of
delusional disorder has
jealousy, which is false
Ex: believes that his or
her spouse or sexual
partner is unfaithful.
11

12. Erotomanic type
12
𝖺 Someone with this type of delusional disorder believes
that another person, often someone important or
famous, is in love with him or her.
𝖺 The person might attempt to contact the object of the
delusion, and stalking behavior is not uncommon.

13. Somatic type
A person with this type of delusional disorder believes
that he or she has a physical defect or medical problem.
13

14. Grandiose type 14
A person with this type of
delusional disorder has an
over-inflated sense of
worth, power, knowledge,
or identity.
The person might believe he
or she has a great talent or
has made an important
discovery.

15. Mixed type 15
People with this type of
delusional disorder
have two or more of the
types of delusions listed
above.

17. 14
Mental Disorder Comment
Delusional Disorder
Schizophrenia
Bipolar Disorder (mania)
Delusions only. No other prominent additional
symptoms.
Persecution forms
including persecutory and bizarre.
accompanied by at least some other
symptoms such as hallucinations,
problems with logical thought or self-neglect.
associated with undue confidence, elation and
over activity, rapid speech.
Grandiose ideas

18. “depression” Uncommon.
Delusions consistent with low mood.
Contents may include terminal illness, loss of
assets or unfounded guilt.
SubstanceAbuse
Disorder
Usually persecutory
Organic Mental Disorder Variable presentations depending on the pathology.
10%
of people with Parkinson disease .
Anorexia nervosa
15
AN patients may have fears of weight gain which
reach
delusional proportions

19. Conclusion 19
•Delusion is a false belief
•Types
•Subjective feeling to the person.

20. 20

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