Deliberative Mini-Publics as a Partial Antidote to Authoritarian Information Strategies
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Authoritarian and proto-authoritarian regimes control a growing number of states throughout the world. Among the information strategies that these regimes use to gain and maintain support are the dissemination of false or misleading policy information and the use of manipulative policy frames. Deliberative mini-publics can partially counter those strategies by distributing accurate policy information and employing non-exploitative policy frames that affirm the dignity of members of the polity as free and equal citizens. These slides are from a position paper presented at the 2017 National Communication Association Annual Convention, Dallas, Texas.
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Citizens act as legislators in initiative elections but lack legal training. Voters commonly misunderstand the legal effects of initiatives (Gastil, Reedy, & Wells, 2007) and courts frequently strike down initiatives as unconstitutional (Miller 2009). These factors point to flaws in the communication of legal information about ballot initiatives to citizens. “Plain legal language” research (Barnes, 2006; Tiersma, 1999) suggests that citizens’ understanding of legal information increases to the extent that the communication of such information accords with citizens’ own legal communicative practices. Yet we know little about such practices. The goal of this study is to increase our understanding of those practices. Citizens’ deliberations about the legal nature and effects of ballot measures were examined through a qualitative content analysis of transcripts from the 2010 Oregon Citizens’ Initiative Review, the Citizens’ Statements produced by that review, and official state explanatory statements describing ballot measures. Deliberations and statements were coded for law-related topics, functions, uses of narrative, and motivations for narration. Citizens’ deliberations and Citizens’ Statements were found to emphasize the policy objectives and unintended or adverse consequences of ballot measures, as well as the application of legal rules to multiple factual scenarios. By contrast, official state explanatory statements describing ballot measures made no mention of policy objectives or unintentional or adverse consequences. Results suggest that citizens’ approach to assessing ballot measures may have both strategic/instrumental and realistic dimensions and that rule-application may play a key role in enabling citizens’ understanding of the legal aspects of ballot measures.
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Bruce, T. R., and Richards, R. C. (2011). Adapting Specialized Legal Metadata...
In the domain of print-based U.S. legal information, specialized tools that create connections between different categories of
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Deliberative Mini-Publics as a Partial Antidote to Authoritarian Information Strategies
- 1. Deliberative Mini-publics as a Partial Antidote to Authoritarian Information Strategies Robert C. Richards, Jr., PhD, JD The Pennsylvania State University
- 2. Overview • Authoritarian Information Strategies • Authoritarian Model of Citizens • Deliberative Information Strategies • Deliberative Information Quality • Deliberative Model of Citizens • Recommendations
- 3. Authoritarian and proto-authoritarian regimes are taking power throughout the world
- 4. To gain and main control, these regimes use Information Strategies
- 5. Authoritarian Information Strategies: •False / Misleading Information •Manipulative Frames
- 6. Effects of Authoritarian Strategies •Reduced Popular Control over State •Members of Political Community Treated as Subordinates to Be Controlled
- 7. Deliberative Mini-publics Can Partially Counter Authoritarian Information Strategies
- 8. Deliberative Mini-publics: •Produce High-quality Information •Use Non-exploitative Frames
- 9. Quality of Deliberative Information •Balanced briefing materials •Testimony / Cross-exam •Facilitated group deliberation
- 11. Gricean Framework Gricean Maxim Criteria Quality Validity and Credibility Quantity Applicability Relation Relevance Manner Accessibility
- 12. Non-exploitative Frames •NIF: Multiple Scenarios (Kadlec & Friedman) •CIR: Key Findings, Policy Goals, Likely Actual Effects
- 13. Effects of Deliberative Strategies • Citizens Empowered to Make Informed Choices, Exercise Popular Sovereignty • Members of the Political Community Treated as Free and Equal Citizens
- 14. Recommendations •Resistance should include mini-publics •Mini-publics should distribute policy evaluations to populace
- 15. For More Information Contact: Robert C. Richards, Jr., Ph.D., J.D. rcr5122@psu.edu