Deliberate Online Falsehoods - The Risks
•
1 like•187 views
Internet Society Singapore Chapter organized a forum to determine how deliberate online falsehoods, and laws regulating them, can affect our members , and for our members to participate in the public consultation on this topic. This is the outline of the risks of deliberate online falsehoods, as well as the risks of legislating against them. --------- At the request of the Government, Parliament has appointed a Select Committee to study the problem of deliberate online falsehoods and to recommend how Singapore should respond. The Ministry of Communications and Information and the Ministry of Law issued a Green Paper titled “Deliberate Online Falsehoods: Challenges and Implications”, setting out the reasons for appointing the Select Committee. The Select Committee invited the public to submit written representations, and encourages everyone with an interest in this subject to write in with their views and suggestions.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Download to read offline
Recommended
Ged mirfin poitical cv
Ged Mirfin is a 51-year-old Conservative councilor who has served on Ribble Valley Borough Council since 2011. He has extensive committee experience and currently serves in leadership roles for the Ribble Valley Conservative Association. Mirfin has campaign experience managing online campaigns in the Hyndburn constituency. He has published several papers on topics related to politics, including on political arrogance, inertia, and authenticity. Mirfin's work has received media attention and some of his papers are among the most widely viewed on their topics.
Finalpopulism en
The rise of populist and extremist parties in Europe can be explained by their process of normalization and institutionalization over the past 20 years. Previously marginalized parties have modernized their leadership, rhetoric, and policies to become more acceptable. They have also gained popularity by presenting themselves as entrepreneurs bringing new issues neglected by mainstream parties. Meanwhile, traditional parties have lost momentum by failing to offer meaningful programs, policies, and ways to engage and mobilize citizens. The economic crisis further fueled populist criticism of elites and the EU. However, populism is a complex phenomenon not limited to extremist fringes, but also reflecting broader anxieties in society about globalization, national identity, and the changing role of the nation-state
politicalriskassessment-comparativepoliticsfinal
The document provides a political risk assessment of Germany. It summarizes the country's governing parties and opposition, noting that Germany currently has a grand coalition consisting of the CDU, CSU and SPD parties. It also outlines the various interest groups in Germany, including the influential Catholic and Protestant churches, labor unions, and environmental groups like Greenpeace. The assessment describes Germany's political culture as stable and anti-extremist, with a strong economy and legitimate democratic system. It analyzes the country's policy approach in areas like immigration, energy and circumcision. Overall, the assessment finds that while some challenges exist, Germany's political regime is stable and unlikely to experience revolution or a removal of the current administration.
9781137533890_sample
This document provides an introduction and background to a book about the impact of social media on political parties and power balances. It discusses debates around social media's revolutionary potential in politics and notes most studies have focused on exceptional cases or US politics. The book aims to examine social media's impact on "normal politics" and power relations between parties using the Netherlands as a comparative case study.
Generation Apathy- A study of youth interaction with the Irish democratic pro...
This document summarizes a literature review conducted for a Masters thesis examining youth voter engagement in Ireland. The review explores definitions of political communication and the increasing role of social media and the internet. It also looks at propaganda, Irish voting patterns, and the Obama campaign's use of social media. The review found a lack of Irish research on political communication and aims to address low youth turnout. Overall, it lays the groundwork for understanding factors influencing youth disengagement and examines approaches to increasing political participation.
5003 presentation (revised)_2
The document analyzes and compares political blogging in Hong Kong, Australia, and the United States. It finds that in Hong Kong, Chief Executive Donald Tsang's blog focuses on addressing younger generations but provides few links or comments. In Australia, Prime Minister Julia Gillard's blog is more frequently updated and links to other government pages. In the US, President Obama's campaign blog was highly successful at engaging supporters and building dialogue through open commenting.
Work the Switches Before the German Federal Election
An era of relative stability in Germany’s political landscape is coming to an end. For some time, traditional party ties have been weakening, especially in Germany’s old eastern states – but increasingly also in the old west.
Our MSLGROUP Germany team is passionate about political communication and see through the fog of Germany’s diverse and de-centralized regulatory and media landscapes. Benefitting from an outstanding close-knit political network, we know what makes German policy-makers tick – offering our clients access to formal and informal decision-making processes.
For more information connect with our team on Twitter @MSL_Germany.
Party Structure and the Development Of Online Campaigning: The US and UK in C...
The document discusses how differences in political party structures between Britain and America have influenced the development of online electoral campaigning. It outlines characteristics of British and American parties, with British parties having formal membership and internal democratic structures, while American parties have no formal membership and weak central organization. It argues that the candidate-focused model of internal democracy used by American parties, manifested through primaries, has allowed the internet to facilitate information transfer between participants, making online campaigning more successful in the US.
Recommended
Ged mirfin poitical cv
Ged Mirfin is a 51-year-old Conservative councilor who has served on Ribble Valley Borough Council since 2011. He has extensive committee experience and currently serves in leadership roles for the Ribble Valley Conservative Association. Mirfin has campaign experience managing online campaigns in the Hyndburn constituency. He has published several papers on topics related to politics, including on political arrogance, inertia, and authenticity. Mirfin's work has received media attention and some of his papers are among the most widely viewed on their topics.
Finalpopulism en
The rise of populist and extremist parties in Europe can be explained by their process of normalization and institutionalization over the past 20 years. Previously marginalized parties have modernized their leadership, rhetoric, and policies to become more acceptable. They have also gained popularity by presenting themselves as entrepreneurs bringing new issues neglected by mainstream parties. Meanwhile, traditional parties have lost momentum by failing to offer meaningful programs, policies, and ways to engage and mobilize citizens. The economic crisis further fueled populist criticism of elites and the EU. However, populism is a complex phenomenon not limited to extremist fringes, but also reflecting broader anxieties in society about globalization, national identity, and the changing role of the nation-state
politicalriskassessment-comparativepoliticsfinal
The document provides a political risk assessment of Germany. It summarizes the country's governing parties and opposition, noting that Germany currently has a grand coalition consisting of the CDU, CSU and SPD parties. It also outlines the various interest groups in Germany, including the influential Catholic and Protestant churches, labor unions, and environmental groups like Greenpeace. The assessment describes Germany's political culture as stable and anti-extremist, with a strong economy and legitimate democratic system. It analyzes the country's policy approach in areas like immigration, energy and circumcision. Overall, the assessment finds that while some challenges exist, Germany's political regime is stable and unlikely to experience revolution or a removal of the current administration.
9781137533890_sample
This document provides an introduction and background to a book about the impact of social media on political parties and power balances. It discusses debates around social media's revolutionary potential in politics and notes most studies have focused on exceptional cases or US politics. The book aims to examine social media's impact on "normal politics" and power relations between parties using the Netherlands as a comparative case study.
Generation Apathy- A study of youth interaction with the Irish democratic pro...
This document summarizes a literature review conducted for a Masters thesis examining youth voter engagement in Ireland. The review explores definitions of political communication and the increasing role of social media and the internet. It also looks at propaganda, Irish voting patterns, and the Obama campaign's use of social media. The review found a lack of Irish research on political communication and aims to address low youth turnout. Overall, it lays the groundwork for understanding factors influencing youth disengagement and examines approaches to increasing political participation.
5003 presentation (revised)_2
The document analyzes and compares political blogging in Hong Kong, Australia, and the United States. It finds that in Hong Kong, Chief Executive Donald Tsang's blog focuses on addressing younger generations but provides few links or comments. In Australia, Prime Minister Julia Gillard's blog is more frequently updated and links to other government pages. In the US, President Obama's campaign blog was highly successful at engaging supporters and building dialogue through open commenting.
Work the Switches Before the German Federal Election
An era of relative stability in Germany’s political landscape is coming to an end. For some time, traditional party ties have been weakening, especially in Germany’s old eastern states – but increasingly also in the old west.
Our MSLGROUP Germany team is passionate about political communication and see through the fog of Germany’s diverse and de-centralized regulatory and media landscapes. Benefitting from an outstanding close-knit political network, we know what makes German policy-makers tick – offering our clients access to formal and informal decision-making processes.
For more information connect with our team on Twitter @MSL_Germany.
Party Structure and the Development Of Online Campaigning: The US and UK in C...
The document discusses how differences in political party structures between Britain and America have influenced the development of online electoral campaigning. It outlines characteristics of British and American parties, with British parties having formal membership and internal democratic structures, while American parties have no formal membership and weak central organization. It argues that the candidate-focused model of internal democracy used by American parties, manifested through primaries, has allowed the internet to facilitate information transfer between participants, making online campaigning more successful in the US.
Political Institutions and Online campaigning
The document outlines Nick Anstead's research on explaining the discrepancy in how political institutions in the US and UK have impacted the adoption of the internet by political actors. It analyzes factors like the party system, primary elections, campaign financing laws, and cultural narratives that have led to more online success stories in US politics compared to the UK, where the internet has had little impact. Anstead proposes using an institutional approach and new institutionalism as an analytical framework to address this question.
Right-Wing Populism in Europe and the United States
This document defines and discusses the rise of right-wing populism in Europe and the United States. It outlines key elements of right-wing populism including emphasizing sovereignty of the people, advocating for ordinary citizens, attacking elites, ostracizing outsiders, and invoking traditional regions. Several prominent European right-wing populist party leaders are profiled, and factors explained for the rise of populism like slow economic growth, anti-globalization sentiments, and the refugee crisis. The document concludes that supporters of European right-wing populist parties are largely anti-immigration and anti-EU, and that continued economic struggles could exacerbate the movement's challenges to democracy.
Civil society under Russia’s threat: building resilience in Ukraine, Belarus ...
This document summarizes a research paper on civil society resilience in Ukraine, Belarus, and Moldova in response to threats from Russia. It finds the top three vulnerabilities for each country are:
For Ukraine - high insecurity from the ongoing conflict in eastern Ukraine; turbulence in its predatory and fractured political environment; and susceptibility to Russian disinformation.
For Belarus - its structural dependence on Russia economically, in energy, geopolitically and socio-culturally; issues with national identity and the Russian language; exposure to Russian information warfare.
For Moldova - strong linkages between politics, media and the Orthodox Church that allow Russian propaganda to dominate; low trust in institutions due to this undermining
Matt Stevens - Policy Primer
Freedom of speech on social media - And its role in the rise of the ‘far right’ in European politics.
Refugee Protection, Migration and Human Rights in Europe
This document summarizes key issues relating to refugee protection and human rights in Europe. It discusses the lack of coordinated response to the Syrian refugee crisis across European countries, deficiencies in the Dublin system for processing asylum applications, poor treatment of migrants in detention facilities, and the growing racism and xenophobia in some states. It calls for Europe to take a more coordinated, human rights-based approach to migration policy and to counter the influence of extremist voices in the debate.
The NewGov utility for managing politics
This document provides an overview of the NewGov social networking platform for civic engagement. It describes how the platform allows users to organize into groups based on political jurisdictions or issues to collaborate with and advise elected representatives. It notes that the platform verifies users' addresses using credit card information to prove they are constituents, while maintaining anonymity. The document promotes how the platform gives users influence over policy and the ability to get elected or advance careers through civic participation and networking on the site.
Nit 2021 final_042321
The document summarizes the spread of anti-democratic practices across Europe and Eurasia in recent years. It notes that incumbent leaders in the region are undermining democratic institutions and norms to consolidate power, often learning from one another. Hungary and Poland have seen the most severe declines, systematically cracking down on the judiciary, media, civil society, and minorities. They have also begun exporting their anti-democratic models and justifications to other countries. Russia too has deepened its autocratic control, leaving democratic governance at its lowest point according to the report's measurements. Overall democracy has deteriorated in most countries covered by the Nations in Transit assessment over the past four years.
MSL Germany - Public Affairs Survey 2015 (engl.)
For the 14th consecutive year, we asked public affairs professionals in Germany to evaluate the political status quo and tell us about the latest developments in the public affairs sector. The following is a summary of the key results of this year’s survey:
Confidence in politics restored
Following a notable dip in the first year of the Grand Coalition (22 per cent), confidence in politicians and their actions bounced back this year, with 39 per cent of respondents saying that politicians were ‘reliable partners’. Christian Democrats received the greatest vote of confidence. 89 per cent of respondents considered their relationships with the CDU to be ‘constructive’.
Government’s approval ratings improve
Similarly, confidence in the Grand Coalition’s performance went up. 57 per cent said that the Federal Government was doing a ‘good job’, an improvement of 14 per cent on last year.
Especially the Government’s foreign trade policy, which includes TTIP, was rated favourably by public affairs professionals. Opposition parties (i. e. Greens and Left Party), on the other hand, were given negative ratings.
Public affairs spending goes up
Corporations and trade associations increased their spending on public affairs in the past 12 months. 39 per cent spent more on public affairs personnel, while 45 per cent increased their spending on external service providers, including consulting work. Of these, more than half favoured full-service consultancies with a strong public affairs offering, as opposed to public affairs only outfits or law firms.
Digital public affairs continues to grow
The use of social media is becoming even more commonplace in public affairs. 52 per cent of respondents use Twitter, while 36 per cent rely on Facebook, 29 per cent on the German-centric career platform Xing, and 25 per cent on its international counterpart LinkedIn.
Yono REKSOPRODJO, Fahmy YUSUF - Information Warfare in Cyberspace: The Sprea...
The rapid development of information and communication technology brings significant change to human life. In the past, people have been getting information through conventional media such as newspapers, radio, and television. Today, the public relies heavily on digital media consisting of social media and online media that are in the grip within the internet network which provides wide-ranging information in speedy manner. The phenomenon of hoaxes in social media is part of the information warfare in the cyberspace dimension. Hoaxes as tactic of choice in propaganda defined as misleading information attacks to various aspects, covering to include health, economy, disaster-events, and politics. People who are lacking in understanding propaganda tactics like how the news and information addressed in the digital media are often fooled by hoaxes that maybe appear as texts, pictures or videos. The spread of hoaxes may get uncontrollable due to the many parties who deliberately spread the hoaxes for a particular interest with anonymous accounts, fake accounts and so-called bots. The transmission of hoaxes as global phenomenon today, affecting many countries. Hoaxes that are spread in cyberspace are difficult to control without solid cooperation between government and society. This means of bad intension today by spreading news used as an asymmetric weapon extensively exercised during any political election period. This paper is about an analysis of hoax cases occurred in the time of Jakarta Gubernatorial Election 2017 as a case study.
Fake news talk comms cymru 2017
This document discusses fake news and its potential influence on elections. It provides examples of fake news stories that spread on Facebook during the 2016 US presidential election. It also discusses definitions of fake news, the types of fake news identified by First Draft, and analyses of fake news submitted to the UK Parliament's inquiry. It argues that fake news can negatively impact democracy by misinforming citizens and producing polarized societies with decreased confidence in government.
Diverting hate speech with simple online tools (Chioma Agwuegbo - Reboot)
This was presented by Chioma Agwuegbo from Reboot at the Impacts of Civic Technology Conference (TICTeC 2018) in Lisbon on 18th April 2018. You can find out more information about the conference here: http://tictec.mysociety.org/2018
Retorica mediatizada2019
The document discusses how political rhetoric has changed in the era of social media. It notes that Barack Obama's 2008 campaign made creative use of technologies like the internet and polling to gather real-time data. However, a personalized speech market can increase social fragmentation and spread misinformation. Politicians now seek to establish audiences and compete for attention through increasingly dramatic messaging. Unmediated populist nationalism has become tailor-made for social media, as seen with movements like Brexit and leaders like Donald Trump who skillfully use platforms like Twitter and Facebook. Group polarization on social media also contributes to the erosion of credible information and trust in politics.
Fake News.pptx
Fake news is fabricated information that mimics news media in form but not in process or intent. It lacks editorial standards to ensure accuracy. Fake news overlaps with misinformation and disinformation meant to deceive people. The rise of the internet has undermined traditional news sources and allowed new competitors without standards to proliferate. Social media polarization and affective polarization have created audiences receptive to ideologically compatible fake news. Studies found the average American encountered 1-3 fake news stories pre-2016 election and false political information spreads rapidly on Twitter. Bots magnify fake news spread by orders of magnitude and were used to manipulate algorithms and content during the 2016 US election. While long-term impacts are unclear, fake news via social media may accent
Fake news and the economy of emotions
This document summarizes research on fake news and disinformation. It discusses how fake news spreads online, often through social media sites like Facebook, and how a small proportion of people consume most fake news. While few people directly consume fake news, its presence online can still influence beliefs and undermine trust in real news. The document also examines how fake news creators target people's emotions for profit or propaganda, and how emotions spread online. It concludes that addressing fake news will require a multi-stakeholder approach that includes education, changes to digital platforms and advertising, and efforts to increase media literacy.
lable at ScienceDirectComputers in Human Behavior 83 (2018.docx
This document summarizes a research study that examines the diffusion of political misinformation on social media. It focuses on three key aspects: 1) the temporal patterns of how misinformation spreads over time, 2) how the content or narrative of misinformation messages change as they spread, and 3) the sources that help spread misinformation. The researchers analyzed 17 popular political rumors spread on Twitter during the 2012 US presidential election to understand these dynamics. They found that while false rumors tended to recur multiple times, true rumors did not. Rumor resurgence was often accompanied by changes to the rumor's content and narrative. Partisan news websites and influential Twitter users helped spread old rumors by repackaging them or sharing them with followers.
funding-of-political-parties-and-election-campaigns.pdf
This document provides an overview of political finance regulations around the world. It begins with a foreword highlighting the threats that uncontrolled political money can pose to democracy, such as diminished political equality and corruption. The preface then discusses challenges related to unequal access to political funding exacerbating an uneven political playing field. The handbook aims to advance the debate on political finance and stimulate reforms through a global comparative analysis of regulations and challenges. It addresses issues like opaque political donations, organized crime influencing politics, disproportionate effects on women candidates, and the need for transparent and accountable party systems.
Ads-and-Politics-Tunisia-Case.pdf
Rawen Abbassi's presentation discusses political advertising and its influence. It begins with definitions of advertising and political advertising. It then examines how political ads can influence voter behavior and shape public perception by creating familiarity, appealing to emotions, and using storytelling techniques. The presentation also discusses ethical considerations around manipulation, emotional appeals, misleading messaging, and negative campaigning in political ads. Two case studies from Tunisia's 2019 presidential election are presented: Kais Saied's grassroots campaign and Nabil Karoui's media-centric campaign. The presentation concludes that political advertising encompasses various communication methods used to appeal for votes or support in an election.
A preliminary analysis on the social impact of fake news after a terror attac...
This study analyzed the social impact of fake news following 9 terror attacks in Southeast Asia between 2015-2019. It identified 4 main types of social impact: eroding trust in authorities, engaging in identity politics, creating false alarms about public safety, and inciting fear and unrest. The most common impact was inciting fear and unrest, which occurred in 7 of the 9 attacks. The study aims to help authorities better address the various social impacts of fake news after terror incidents to prevent rumors from spreading and undermining crisis communication efforts.
JRN 450 - Senior Seminar Journalism Ethics Introduction
Here is the presentation that accompanied the introduction to the Fall 2023 Senior Seminar in Journalism Ethics.
Targeted disinformation warfare how and why foreign efforts are
The document discusses targeted disinformation campaigns by foreign actors and provides recommendations for government action. It outlines how disinformation actors create and spread false content on social media to exacerbate societal divisions and undermine democracy. Specifically, it analyzes Russian disinformation tactics used during the Cold War and how they evolved to target liberal democracies using online platforms. The document recommends a four-pronged government response framework to address each stage of the disinformation process by allocating responsibilities, increasing information sharing, making platforms more accountable, and building public resilience against false narratives.
In mitigating Fake News and Hate-speech: Are we winning?
We are living in the ear of post-truth. After the surge of fake news stories during the 2016 U.S. elections, several initiatives have been introduced to mitigate the problem like fact-checker organization, artificial intelligence and government aggressive measures. All this are promising, but are we really winning the battle against disinformation?
Sweden report october_2018
International far-right groups and Russian state media attempted to smear Sweden's reputation internationally in the lead up to the 2018 Swedish election. While some discussions of influence campaigns occurred on fringe platforms like 4chan, there was little evidence these efforts directly impacted the Swedish election. The most active disinformation campaign alleged election fraud, spreading before results. Overall, the Swedish far-right is isolated online, relying on a small number of nationalist news sites. The report recommends improving public diplomacy, promoting civil society cooperation across Scandinavia, prioritizing digital literacy, and increasing transparency of social media companies.
More Related Content
What's hot
Political Institutions and Online campaigning
The document outlines Nick Anstead's research on explaining the discrepancy in how political institutions in the US and UK have impacted the adoption of the internet by political actors. It analyzes factors like the party system, primary elections, campaign financing laws, and cultural narratives that have led to more online success stories in US politics compared to the UK, where the internet has had little impact. Anstead proposes using an institutional approach and new institutionalism as an analytical framework to address this question.
Right-Wing Populism in Europe and the United States
This document defines and discusses the rise of right-wing populism in Europe and the United States. It outlines key elements of right-wing populism including emphasizing sovereignty of the people, advocating for ordinary citizens, attacking elites, ostracizing outsiders, and invoking traditional regions. Several prominent European right-wing populist party leaders are profiled, and factors explained for the rise of populism like slow economic growth, anti-globalization sentiments, and the refugee crisis. The document concludes that supporters of European right-wing populist parties are largely anti-immigration and anti-EU, and that continued economic struggles could exacerbate the movement's challenges to democracy.
Civil society under Russia’s threat: building resilience in Ukraine, Belarus ...
This document summarizes a research paper on civil society resilience in Ukraine, Belarus, and Moldova in response to threats from Russia. It finds the top three vulnerabilities for each country are:
For Ukraine - high insecurity from the ongoing conflict in eastern Ukraine; turbulence in its predatory and fractured political environment; and susceptibility to Russian disinformation.
For Belarus - its structural dependence on Russia economically, in energy, geopolitically and socio-culturally; issues with national identity and the Russian language; exposure to Russian information warfare.
For Moldova - strong linkages between politics, media and the Orthodox Church that allow Russian propaganda to dominate; low trust in institutions due to this undermining
Matt Stevens - Policy Primer
Freedom of speech on social media - And its role in the rise of the ‘far right’ in European politics.
Refugee Protection, Migration and Human Rights in Europe
This document summarizes key issues relating to refugee protection and human rights in Europe. It discusses the lack of coordinated response to the Syrian refugee crisis across European countries, deficiencies in the Dublin system for processing asylum applications, poor treatment of migrants in detention facilities, and the growing racism and xenophobia in some states. It calls for Europe to take a more coordinated, human rights-based approach to migration policy and to counter the influence of extremist voices in the debate.
The NewGov utility for managing politics
This document provides an overview of the NewGov social networking platform for civic engagement. It describes how the platform allows users to organize into groups based on political jurisdictions or issues to collaborate with and advise elected representatives. It notes that the platform verifies users' addresses using credit card information to prove they are constituents, while maintaining anonymity. The document promotes how the platform gives users influence over policy and the ability to get elected or advance careers through civic participation and networking on the site.
Nit 2021 final_042321
The document summarizes the spread of anti-democratic practices across Europe and Eurasia in recent years. It notes that incumbent leaders in the region are undermining democratic institutions and norms to consolidate power, often learning from one another. Hungary and Poland have seen the most severe declines, systematically cracking down on the judiciary, media, civil society, and minorities. They have also begun exporting their anti-democratic models and justifications to other countries. Russia too has deepened its autocratic control, leaving democratic governance at its lowest point according to the report's measurements. Overall democracy has deteriorated in most countries covered by the Nations in Transit assessment over the past four years.
MSL Germany - Public Affairs Survey 2015 (engl.)
For the 14th consecutive year, we asked public affairs professionals in Germany to evaluate the political status quo and tell us about the latest developments in the public affairs sector. The following is a summary of the key results of this year’s survey:
Confidence in politics restored
Following a notable dip in the first year of the Grand Coalition (22 per cent), confidence in politicians and their actions bounced back this year, with 39 per cent of respondents saying that politicians were ‘reliable partners’. Christian Democrats received the greatest vote of confidence. 89 per cent of respondents considered their relationships with the CDU to be ‘constructive’.
Government’s approval ratings improve
Similarly, confidence in the Grand Coalition’s performance went up. 57 per cent said that the Federal Government was doing a ‘good job’, an improvement of 14 per cent on last year.
Especially the Government’s foreign trade policy, which includes TTIP, was rated favourably by public affairs professionals. Opposition parties (i. e. Greens and Left Party), on the other hand, were given negative ratings.
Public affairs spending goes up
Corporations and trade associations increased their spending on public affairs in the past 12 months. 39 per cent spent more on public affairs personnel, while 45 per cent increased their spending on external service providers, including consulting work. Of these, more than half favoured full-service consultancies with a strong public affairs offering, as opposed to public affairs only outfits or law firms.
Digital public affairs continues to grow
The use of social media is becoming even more commonplace in public affairs. 52 per cent of respondents use Twitter, while 36 per cent rely on Facebook, 29 per cent on the German-centric career platform Xing, and 25 per cent on its international counterpart LinkedIn.
What's hot (8)
Right-Wing Populism in Europe and the United States
Right-Wing Populism in Europe and the United States
Civil society under Russia’s threat: building resilience in Ukraine, Belarus ...
Civil society under Russia’s threat: building resilience in Ukraine, Belarus ...
Refugee Protection, Migration and Human Rights in Europe
Refugee Protection, Migration and Human Rights in Europe
Similar to Deliberate Online Falsehoods - The Risks
Yono REKSOPRODJO, Fahmy YUSUF - Information Warfare in Cyberspace: The Sprea...
The rapid development of information and communication technology brings significant change to human life. In the past, people have been getting information through conventional media such as newspapers, radio, and television. Today, the public relies heavily on digital media consisting of social media and online media that are in the grip within the internet network which provides wide-ranging information in speedy manner. The phenomenon of hoaxes in social media is part of the information warfare in the cyberspace dimension. Hoaxes as tactic of choice in propaganda defined as misleading information attacks to various aspects, covering to include health, economy, disaster-events, and politics. People who are lacking in understanding propaganda tactics like how the news and information addressed in the digital media are often fooled by hoaxes that maybe appear as texts, pictures or videos. The spread of hoaxes may get uncontrollable due to the many parties who deliberately spread the hoaxes for a particular interest with anonymous accounts, fake accounts and so-called bots. The transmission of hoaxes as global phenomenon today, affecting many countries. Hoaxes that are spread in cyberspace are difficult to control without solid cooperation between government and society. This means of bad intension today by spreading news used as an asymmetric weapon extensively exercised during any political election period. This paper is about an analysis of hoax cases occurred in the time of Jakarta Gubernatorial Election 2017 as a case study.
Fake news talk comms cymru 2017
This document discusses fake news and its potential influence on elections. It provides examples of fake news stories that spread on Facebook during the 2016 US presidential election. It also discusses definitions of fake news, the types of fake news identified by First Draft, and analyses of fake news submitted to the UK Parliament's inquiry. It argues that fake news can negatively impact democracy by misinforming citizens and producing polarized societies with decreased confidence in government.
Diverting hate speech with simple online tools (Chioma Agwuegbo - Reboot)
This was presented by Chioma Agwuegbo from Reboot at the Impacts of Civic Technology Conference (TICTeC 2018) in Lisbon on 18th April 2018. You can find out more information about the conference here: http://tictec.mysociety.org/2018
Retorica mediatizada2019
The document discusses how political rhetoric has changed in the era of social media. It notes that Barack Obama's 2008 campaign made creative use of technologies like the internet and polling to gather real-time data. However, a personalized speech market can increase social fragmentation and spread misinformation. Politicians now seek to establish audiences and compete for attention through increasingly dramatic messaging. Unmediated populist nationalism has become tailor-made for social media, as seen with movements like Brexit and leaders like Donald Trump who skillfully use platforms like Twitter and Facebook. Group polarization on social media also contributes to the erosion of credible information and trust in politics.
Fake News.pptx
Fake news is fabricated information that mimics news media in form but not in process or intent. It lacks editorial standards to ensure accuracy. Fake news overlaps with misinformation and disinformation meant to deceive people. The rise of the internet has undermined traditional news sources and allowed new competitors without standards to proliferate. Social media polarization and affective polarization have created audiences receptive to ideologically compatible fake news. Studies found the average American encountered 1-3 fake news stories pre-2016 election and false political information spreads rapidly on Twitter. Bots magnify fake news spread by orders of magnitude and were used to manipulate algorithms and content during the 2016 US election. While long-term impacts are unclear, fake news via social media may accent
Fake news and the economy of emotions
This document summarizes research on fake news and disinformation. It discusses how fake news spreads online, often through social media sites like Facebook, and how a small proportion of people consume most fake news. While few people directly consume fake news, its presence online can still influence beliefs and undermine trust in real news. The document also examines how fake news creators target people's emotions for profit or propaganda, and how emotions spread online. It concludes that addressing fake news will require a multi-stakeholder approach that includes education, changes to digital platforms and advertising, and efforts to increase media literacy.
lable at ScienceDirectComputers in Human Behavior 83 (2018.docx
This document summarizes a research study that examines the diffusion of political misinformation on social media. It focuses on three key aspects: 1) the temporal patterns of how misinformation spreads over time, 2) how the content or narrative of misinformation messages change as they spread, and 3) the sources that help spread misinformation. The researchers analyzed 17 popular political rumors spread on Twitter during the 2012 US presidential election to understand these dynamics. They found that while false rumors tended to recur multiple times, true rumors did not. Rumor resurgence was often accompanied by changes to the rumor's content and narrative. Partisan news websites and influential Twitter users helped spread old rumors by repackaging them or sharing them with followers.
funding-of-political-parties-and-election-campaigns.pdf
This document provides an overview of political finance regulations around the world. It begins with a foreword highlighting the threats that uncontrolled political money can pose to democracy, such as diminished political equality and corruption. The preface then discusses challenges related to unequal access to political funding exacerbating an uneven political playing field. The handbook aims to advance the debate on political finance and stimulate reforms through a global comparative analysis of regulations and challenges. It addresses issues like opaque political donations, organized crime influencing politics, disproportionate effects on women candidates, and the need for transparent and accountable party systems.
Ads-and-Politics-Tunisia-Case.pdf
Rawen Abbassi's presentation discusses political advertising and its influence. It begins with definitions of advertising and political advertising. It then examines how political ads can influence voter behavior and shape public perception by creating familiarity, appealing to emotions, and using storytelling techniques. The presentation also discusses ethical considerations around manipulation, emotional appeals, misleading messaging, and negative campaigning in political ads. Two case studies from Tunisia's 2019 presidential election are presented: Kais Saied's grassroots campaign and Nabil Karoui's media-centric campaign. The presentation concludes that political advertising encompasses various communication methods used to appeal for votes or support in an election.
A preliminary analysis on the social impact of fake news after a terror attac...
This study analyzed the social impact of fake news following 9 terror attacks in Southeast Asia between 2015-2019. It identified 4 main types of social impact: eroding trust in authorities, engaging in identity politics, creating false alarms about public safety, and inciting fear and unrest. The most common impact was inciting fear and unrest, which occurred in 7 of the 9 attacks. The study aims to help authorities better address the various social impacts of fake news after terror incidents to prevent rumors from spreading and undermining crisis communication efforts.
JRN 450 - Senior Seminar Journalism Ethics Introduction
Here is the presentation that accompanied the introduction to the Fall 2023 Senior Seminar in Journalism Ethics.
Targeted disinformation warfare how and why foreign efforts are
The document discusses targeted disinformation campaigns by foreign actors and provides recommendations for government action. It outlines how disinformation actors create and spread false content on social media to exacerbate societal divisions and undermine democracy. Specifically, it analyzes Russian disinformation tactics used during the Cold War and how they evolved to target liberal democracies using online platforms. The document recommends a four-pronged government response framework to address each stage of the disinformation process by allocating responsibilities, increasing information sharing, making platforms more accountable, and building public resilience against false narratives.
In mitigating Fake News and Hate-speech: Are we winning?
We are living in the ear of post-truth. After the surge of fake news stories during the 2016 U.S. elections, several initiatives have been introduced to mitigate the problem like fact-checker organization, artificial intelligence and government aggressive measures. All this are promising, but are we really winning the battle against disinformation?
Sweden report october_2018
International far-right groups and Russian state media attempted to smear Sweden's reputation internationally in the lead up to the 2018 Swedish election. While some discussions of influence campaigns occurred on fringe platforms like 4chan, there was little evidence these efforts directly impacted the Swedish election. The most active disinformation campaign alleged election fraud, spreading before results. Overall, the Swedish far-right is isolated online, relying on a small number of nationalist news sites. The report recommends improving public diplomacy, promoting civil society cooperation across Scandinavia, prioritizing digital literacy, and increasing transparency of social media companies.
The Rise of Far-Right Parties in Europe
This document analyzes the causes and conditions that have allowed far right parties to succeed in Europe. It discusses factors on both the demand side (modernization grievances, economic grievances, cultural grievances) and supply side (political opportunity structure, party organization, ideology). Ultimately, it argues that cultural grievances related to rising immigration and anti-immigrant sentiment have been the primary drivers of far right party success. It uses Italy as an example, where parties like the League have capitalized on anti-immigration views to achieve electoral success and participate in government.
Social Media and Fake News in the 2016 Election
This document discusses fake news and its potential impact on the 2016 US presidential election. It begins with background on the definition and history of fake news, noting its long existence but arguing it is growing as an issue today due to lower barriers to media entry, the rise of social media, declining trust in mainstream media, and increasing political polarization. It then presents new data on fake news consumption prior to the 2016 election, finding that fake news was widely shared on social media and heavily tilted towards supporting Trump. While estimates vary, the average American may have seen or remembered one or a few fake news stories. Education level, age, and total media consumption were associated with more accurate assessment of true vs. fake news headlines.
Can Artificial Intelligence Predict The Spread Of Online Hate Speech?
Online hate speech is a big issue, and many are worried that it leads to radicalization and actions in the real world. Here, we look at how artificial intelligence (AI) can now be used to detect hate speech and predict its impact.
Public Affairs - Monthly Newsletter | January 2018
The document is a monthly newsletter from Burson-Marsteller covering public affairs topics from January 2018. It discusses Rodrigo Maia's candidacy for president of Brazil, the threat of fake news influencing the 2018 elections, and concerns about the judiciary gaining power relative to the legislative and executive branches in Brazil.
Educational Strategies for the Prevention of Violent Extremism
Professor Renee Hobbs identifies five instructional strategies for addressing the prevention of violent extremism based on the practice of digital and media literacy education.
Social Media and PoliticsLearning objectivesLearning objec.docx
Social Media and Politics
Learning objectives
Learning objectives include an understanding of the following:
· The role of social media in democracy
· The role of social media in advancing political reforms
· How social media create polarization
Introduction
Social Media are now a central component of democracy. The media are increasingly associated with political organizing, elections campaigns, accountability, and generally a more engaged citizenry. Social media are a dominant platform through which everyday citizens can share, organize, and communicate their ideas. People regularly use the media to acquire information about leaders and public policy related areas like the environment, education, health and so on. Many public offices now have websites that include social media functions in their communication with the public. Collectively, social media provide a public sphere where individuals can interact with likeminded people on political issues and provide criticism and support for leaders. However, while social media platforms make many issues accessible to increasingly large groups, the media have the potential to create polarization. Specifically, many blogs are quite subjective while some forms of media promote hatred and intolerance. Additionally, it is also difficult to examine the extent to which social media really alters public opinion as more research is needed. Lastly, questions remain on how much time users are prepared to devote their time on the social media for political problems.
Social Media and Elections
Popular social networks have transformed the use of the internet as a political tool for democratic transitions. Barack Obama’s historic in 2008 win was attributed to a new media strategy inspired by popular networks such as MySpace and Facebook. The campaign’s website My.BarackObama.com, allows supporters to join local groups, create events, sign up for updates and set up personal fund-raising pages. The campaign was spearheaded by Chris Hughes, a co-founder of Facebook. The social networks helped Obama raise more than two million donations of less than $200 each (Stelter, 2008). This success was based on huge investments on social media. The campaign spent $3 million on online advertising that targeted potential voters and online tools providing details of voting locations (Stelter, 2008).
Similarly, social media was extensively used in Canada’s 2011 elections. The elections were dubbed the “social media elections” or “election 2.0.” Harris (2011) observed that the social media served as “a one-stop shopping for parodies, speech remixes, gotcha moments, unconventional ads, and attacks so fiery, they risk scorching your computer monitor.” Two "vote mob" videos simultaneously held spots in the Top 10 on YouTube. A satirical video juxtaposing a Harper speech with an address by Star Wars' evil Emperor Palpatine drew more than 114,000. The University of Guelph's "vote mob" videos were viewed more than 33,000 .
Similar to Deliberate Online Falsehoods - The Risks (20)
Yono REKSOPRODJO, Fahmy YUSUF - Information Warfare in Cyberspace: The Sprea...
Yono REKSOPRODJO, Fahmy YUSUF - Information Warfare in Cyberspace: The Sprea...
Diverting hate speech with simple online tools (Chioma Agwuegbo - Reboot)
Diverting hate speech with simple online tools (Chioma Agwuegbo - Reboot)
lable at ScienceDirectComputers in Human Behavior 83 (2018.docx
lable at ScienceDirectComputers in Human Behavior 83 (2018.docx
funding-of-political-parties-and-election-campaigns.pdf
funding-of-political-parties-and-election-campaigns.pdf
A preliminary analysis on the social impact of fake news after a terror attac...
A preliminary analysis on the social impact of fake news after a terror attac...
JRN 450 - Senior Seminar Journalism Ethics Introduction
JRN 450 - Senior Seminar Journalism Ethics Introduction
Targeted disinformation warfare how and why foreign efforts are
Targeted disinformation warfare how and why foreign efforts are
In mitigating Fake News and Hate-speech: Are we winning?
In mitigating Fake News and Hate-speech: Are we winning?
Can Artificial Intelligence Predict The Spread Of Online Hate Speech?
Can Artificial Intelligence Predict The Spread Of Online Hate Speech?
Public Affairs - Monthly Newsletter | January 2018
Public Affairs - Monthly Newsletter | January 2018
Educational Strategies for the Prevention of Violent Extremism
Educational Strategies for the Prevention of Violent Extremism
Social Media and PoliticsLearning objectivesLearning objec.docx
Social Media and PoliticsLearning objectivesLearning objec.docx
More from Benjamin Ang
Cybersecurity in ASEAN and Singapore Columbia - Lecture for Columbia SIPA 202...
Lecture on cybersecurity in ASEAN and Singapore
- Definitions of cybersecurity in ASEAN (vs western definitions)
- Cyber threat landscape in ASEAN / types of cyber incidents and cyber crime in ASEAN
Why ASEAN is vulnerable
- Characteristics of ASEAN in cyberspace
non-interference, sovereignty
non-attribution of cyber attackers
- ASEAN cooperation in cyberspace
AMCC (ASEAN Ministers Cyber Conference)
ACICE (ADMM Cyber Info Centre of Excellence)
INTERPOL
International Cooperation to Impose Consequences for Malicious Cyber Activity...
Session 4 - International Cooperation to Impose
Consequences on Malicious Cyber Activities
Many states are concerting joint efforts to impose costs for irresponsible behaviors in
cyberspace by sharing information, jointly disclosing attribution, or issuing joint statements with allies, partners, or like-minded states. Being aware of the importance of the roles played by private sectors for national cybersecurity, states are seeking ways to induce cooperation from private sectors as well.
Session 4 covers cooperation efforts at the international level for imposing consequences on irresponsible state behavior in cyberspace. Speakers are expected to address the following
points.
H. Introduce cases where costs for irresponsible state behavior in cyberspace are effectively
imposed with joint efforts among states.
I. Introduce cases where cooperation between private and public sectors has contributed to
impose costs for irresponsible state behavior in cyberspace.
J. Underscore specific areas where efforts for international cooperation need to be concerted
to effectively impose consequences for irresponsible state behavior in cyberspace.
[Panel]
Moderator: Caitriona Heinl (Azure Forum for Contemporary Security Strategy)
Speaker: James Lewis (Center for Strategic and International Studies)
Speaker: Benjamin Ang (Nanyang Technological University)
Speaker: Karsten Geier (Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue)
[12:00-13:30, KST (GMT+9)] Luncheon
Changing Domains - The Cyber Info Realm 2023.pdf
CYBERSPACE: A global domain within the information environment consisting of the interdependent networks of information technology infrastructures and resident data, including the Internet, telecommunications networks, computer systems, and embedded processors and controllers.
Definition
Foreign interference occurs when a foreign entity (state or non-state actor),
with hostile intent,
takes actions to deliberately, covertly and deceptively
disrupt the politics and policies of the target state
Source: Fog of war: how the Ukraine conflict transformed the cyber threat landscape, published by Google TAG (Threat Analysis Group)
Overview
1. Russian government-backed attackers have engaged in an aggressive, multi-pronged effort to gain a decisive wartime advantage in cyberspace, often with mixed results.
2. Moscow has leveraged the full spectrum of IO – from overt state-backed media to covert platforms and accounts – to shape public perception of the war.
3. The invasion has triggered a notable shift in the Eastern European cybercriminal ecosystem that will likely have long term implications for both coordination between criminal groups and the scale of cybercrime worldwide.
Sources: Defending Ukraine: Early Lessons from the Cyber War (Microsoft)*
Defense against a military invasion now requires for most countries the ability to disburse and distribute digital operations and data assets across borders and into other countries.
Recent advances in cyber threat intelligence and end-point protection have helped Ukraine withstand a high percentage of destructive Russian cyberattacks.
As a coalition of countries has come together to defend Ukraine, Russian intelligence agencies have stepped up network penetration and espionage activities targeting allied governments outside Ukraine.
In coordination with these other cyber activities, Russian agencies are conducting global cyber-influence operations to support their war efforts.
This calls for a coordinated and comprehensive strategy to strengthen defenses against the full range of cyber destructive, espionage, and influence operations.
The Strontium group was targeting Ukrainian institutions, media organizations, and government institutions and think tanks in the United States and the European Union
Microsoft got court orders 16 times to redirect internet traffic from Strontium domains into a ‘sinkhole’
How to defend the information domain
Public coverage and exposure
Clear counter-messages
Legislation
Build media and digital literacy
Work with citizens, influencers
Detect and expose fake accounts
Active measures
Work strategically, not reactively
Build a strong narrative that is more attractive than the adversary
Cooperation between ASEAN military civil academic in international cybersecur...
3 areas of cooperation
Council for Security Cooperation in the Asia Pacific (CSCAP)
Track II Network of ASEAN Defence and Security Institutions (NADI)
UN OEWG Open-ended Working Group on security of and in the use of information and communications technologies
Council for Security Cooperation in the Asia Pacific (CSCAP)
non-governmental (second track) process for dialogue on security issues in the Asia Pacific
informal mechanism for scholars, officials and others in their private capacities
to discuss political and security issues and challenges facing the region
provides policy recommendations to inter-governmental bodies
convenes regional and international meetings
establishes linkages with institutions and organisations in other parts of the world
exchanges information, insights and experiences in the area of regional political-security cooperation.
Track II Network of ASEAN Defence and Security Institutions (NADI)
Secretariat is RSIS
Aims of the forum
network and to build confidence and familiarity among the Asean think tanks and research institutions to facilitate closer cooperation.
policy analysts specialising in defence and security issues, academics researching security cooperation and defence officials to discuss issues of security cooperation that the Asean Summit and Asean Defence Ministers have raised
participants to think beyond their governments’ positions and to provide timely fresh ideas and relevant recommendations for the Asean defence track to consider.
UN OEWG on Cyber
Open-ended Working Group on security of and in the use of information and communications technologies
The group is mandated to
further develop the rules, norms and principles of responsible behaviour of States;
consider initiatives of States aimed at ensuring security in the use of information and communications technologies;
establish, under the auspices of the United Nations, regular institutional dialogue with the broad participation of States;
continue to study, with a view to promoting common understandings, existing and potential threats in the sphere of information security, inter alia, data security, and possible cooperative measures to prevent and counter such threats, and how international law applies to the use of information and communications technologies by States,
as well as confidence-building measures and capacity-building.
Technology Disruption Digital Inclusion and the Law.pdf
What is technology disruption?
A new technology that changes
The way things are done
Expectations and behaviors
Market or industry
Uber/Grab vs taxi business
Airbnb vs hotel business
Netflix vs TV, DVD, cinemas
Blockchain vs financial institutions
Google vs books, libraries
ChatGPT vs Google
How can technology disrupt the Law?
DoNotPay
https://donotpay.com/
Bizibot
https://www.btlnet.co.uk/digital-transformation-solutions-overview/bizibot
WeVorce
https://www.wevorce.com
OCBC Online Will Generator
https://www.ocbc.com/personal-banking/lifegoals/willgenerator/#/
Transcripts
https://fortherecord.com/transcript-express/
Law firms using Blockchain
https://www.raconteur.net/technology/blockchain/blockchain-revolutionising-legal-sector/
LawGeex AI vs human lawyers, on reviewing standard contracts
Accuracy
Time taken to review contract
Courts used technology to deliver justice during COVID
But litigants with resources had the advantage
https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/reports/2021/12/how-courts-embraced-technology-met-the-pandemic-challenge-and-revolutionized-their-operations
Disruption has no ethics. But we do.
Must bridge the Digital Divide
Parties may need help
https://www.ncsc.org/__data/assets/pdf_file/0026/53738/PPP-Technology-Digital-Divide-Considerations.pdf
Using AI for judgments
Benefits
Exclude legally irrelevant factors
Standardise decisions
Help courts to prioritise cases, increase efficiency
Encourage parties to settle if success is predicted to be unlikely
https://www.cppr.in/articles/predictive-justice-using-ai-for-justice-introduction
Risks
Over reliance on machine decisions
Algorithmic bias: bad history = bad future
Bad data feedback into bad data
Inability to explain decisions: bad for rule of law
https://www.suls.org.au/citations-blog/2020/9/25/predictive-judicial-analytics-implications-for-rule-of-law-and-the-legal-profession
Cases of AI bias in justice system
COMPAS (for probation)
Black defendants were 2x wrongly predicted to be high risk of recidivism
White defendants were 2x wrongly predicted to be low risk of recidivism
Black defendants were 2x more likely to be misclassified as high risk of violent recidivism
White violent recidivists were 63% more likely to have been misclassified as low risk
https://www.propublica.org/article/how-we-analyzed-the-compas-recidivism-algorithm
Public Safety Assessment (for bail)
More likely to recommend high bail for males than females
https://venturebeat.com/ai/study-finds-crime-predicting-judicial-tool-exhibits-gender-bias/
How does this type of AI work?
How does this type of AI work?
Where did the ML (Machine Learning) come from?
Garbage In = Garbage Out
Always check what’s going in and what’s coming out
Rand Report on Protecting Individuals using tech in the Justice
Why Application of International Law Applies to ASEAN.pdf
There is no international definition of these concepts in cyberspace
Armed attack
Use of force
Act of war
Traditional definitions require physical damage or physical injury
Rules of Law of Armed Conflict / International Humanitarian Law (but in cyber?)
Distinction – must distinguish between civilians and military targets
Proportionality – must avoid excessive harm to civilians / objects
Military necessity – allows force that is reasonable, lawful (see above), and operationally justified
Limitation – prohibits tactics that cause unnecessary suffering
Humane treatment – e.g., of captured prisoners
Do we need a Binding Legal Instrument?
US - No new international legal instrument needed, can interpret existing law
China - States must reach international consensus, new international legal instruments
EU - No new international legal instrument needed, can interpret existing law
ASEAN chooses its own terms on norms/law
ASEAN supported both UNGGE and OEWG tracks in 2018 – Indonesia, Singapore, and the Philippines said both processes were not incompatible
ASEAN has always followed its instinct of creating an internationally agreed, rules-based order based on its own interests, which is consistent with other arenas where international law or rules are unsettled
ASEAN may even consider plurilateral treaties
What ASEAN states need to move forward
Common language related to cyberspace
Legislation that can be translated across members
Capacity building in
Cyber issues, policy making, critical infrastructure protection (ASCCE) and
Military operations (ADMM Cyber and Information COE)
Confidence building measures e.g., CERT-CERT communications, contact lists
More participation from states, academia, and civil society
What is Cybersecurity – C, I, A?
Cybersecurity or Information Security?
Activities of foreign political, economic, military, intelligence, and information entities
The striving of countries toward dominance in the world information space
Development (by states) of information war concepts that create means for dangerous attack on the information spheres of other countries
Infringing the state’s control over information flows and public opinion (called “cyber sovereignty”)
ASEAN leaders
Value the principles of “mutual respect” and “non-interference”
View sovereignty as sacrosanct principle among ASEAN member states
Do not define ‘sovereignty’ – this provides flexibility in foreign and domestic policy
ASEAN member states also attach great importance to the creation of an international rules-based order,
which includes forming and adhering to international law and norms.
like the UN Convention of the Law of the Sea or UNCLOS.
Lessons learned from Capacity Building on International Cyber Norms in Southe...
Capacity building is recognized as a key to promote the adoption and implementation of international norms of responsible state behaviour in cyberspace. States at varying levels of cyber maturity benefit from these efforts, to develop a shared understanding of how international cyber norms support the stability of cyberspace, and to grow their own capacity and capabilities to implement these norms. This presentation draws on the experiences of the academics and practitioners who have been conducting cyber capacity building activities in southeast Asia and beyond, to derive lessons of what has (or has not) worked, some potential best practices, and to provide suggestions on how cyber capacity building can provide more value to the further growth of international cyber norms in the world.
UNGGE 2015 Cyber Norms
UN Open Ended Working Group (UN OEWG)
UN Singapore Cyber Programme (UNSCP)
Norms Implementation Checklist
RAP Matrix
ASEAN Ministers Cyber Conference (AMCC)
Capacity building
Confidence Building Measures (CBMs)
Cybersecurity and National Security in Southeast Asia 2022.pdf
The document discusses cybersecurity threats and challenges facing Southeast Asian countries. It notes that cybercrime and cyber attacks have increased in Southeast Asia, targeting both government and private entities. Advanced persistent threat groups have targeted several Southeast Asian countries to conduct espionage. The COVID-19 pandemic further accelerated cyber threats as more systems moved online. Southeast Asian countries also have differing maturity levels and approaches to cybersecurity. The document outlines various cyber capacity building initiatives underway in ASEAN to help address weaknesses, but more cooperation is still needed as cyber threats increasingly target the region.
Cybersecurity and Geopolitical Risk.pdf
Two mistaken views of Cybersecurity and Geopolitical Risk:
1. “It doesn’t affect me because I’m not a government entity or major target”
2. “There’s nothing I can do about it anyway”
Cybercrime and Cyber Warfare (and Information Operations) – Your questions an...
Slides from a talk given to Eunoia Junior College, Singapore
-------------------
Cyber Warfare questions
Are the concerns about cyber warfare overblown?
Why should young people care about cyber warfare?
What are the national/international systems or structures currently in place to protect us from cyber warfare? Are these protections adequate?
Considering that Singapore is a small country, is there really anything we can do in the face of the challenges posed by cyber warfare?
-------------------
Cybercrime Questions
How do scammers make Singaporeans lower their guard despite them already knowing that scams are prevalent in our society? Why do you think people still fall for scams?
By the time new types of scams are reported, new types of scams are already being created. How do you think the Singapore government can break this cycle?
How hard is it to find out criminals behind cyber attacks?
-----------
Information Operations questions
The Russo-Ukraine War, what are your thoughts on it being publicized on social media unlike many wars from the past?
Are there any political implications regarding the publication of the war on TikTok? Could posting the war on TikTok create any social issues?
Disinformation in Southeast Asia and Pro Russian Anti Ukraine Narratives
Case studies of disinformation and misinformation from Southeast Asia including Asian examples of Pro-Russia Anti-Ukraine narratives at the start of the Russian invasion of the Ukraine. Presented at the Conference on Disinformation and Cybersecurity of the War Studies University, Warsaw Poland, in 2022. Refers to the RSIS Framework on Information, Influence and Interference, from the Centre of Excellence for National Security at the S Rajaratnam School of International Studies (RSIS) at Nanyang Technological University (NTU) Singapore
Foreign Interference and National Security - Law Society Public Law conferenc...
[ To read and download the Policy Report that this presentation is based on, see https://www.rsis.edu.sg/rsis-publication/cens/cases-of-foreign-interference-in-asia/ ]
The Public and International Law Committee of the Law Society of Singapore invites you to join us for the Public Law Conference 2021 which aims to promote interest in the administrative and constitutional law of Singapore, highlight new judicial decisions, and facilitate discussion of recent developments.
To be held online on 15 September, we are pleased to have the Minister for Home Affairs and Law, Mr K Shanmugam, deliver a keynote speech on the public law issues relating to online harms and foreign interference. These issues are important and topical as they have a significant impact on society today, not just in Singapore, but worldwide. This will be followed by a panel that will analyse and develop the themes raised in the keynote, as well as discuss possible solutions, including legislative solutions, to such issues, in the context of public law. The panellists will comprise the Honourable Minister himself, practitioners, legal officers and academics active in the fields of administrative and constitutional law.
This conference provides a platform to hear from legal experts, and for different sectors of the legal industry to share ideas. We hope it will be relevant to all legal practitioners, government decision-makers, public-sector policy makers, academics and law students interested in public law.
Technology Disruption in the New Normal, Digital Inclusion and the Law
Technology disruption has swept through legal practice and the justice system, as it has in every other aspect of life in our new normal of remote work and online access. While digital transformation has been hugely beneficial to our society, there are new legal and cybersecurity questions that we need to grapple with as we continue to serve the public. Among the public, varying levels of digital capability and access raise new issues of digital inclusion for us to address in policy and operations. This talk seeks to raise awareness of these issues and to develop ideas for practical application.
Contract law - an infographic view
Infographic of the flow of Contract Law
Formation of Valid Contract
Offer, Acceptance, Consideration, Intention
Vitiating Factors which make a contract not valid
Misrepresentation, Mistake, Minor
Terms of Contract
Promises, Representations vs Warranties
Express vs Implied Terms
Discharge of Contract
Discharge by Breach - Actual and Anticipatory
Discharge by Agreement, Frustration of Contract
Law and warfare in the cyber domain (for NSSP, AFP, NDCP)
Covers 1. Cyber threats to ASEAN and recent incidents, 2. International Law relating to cyber conflict, Gaps in IHL and LOAC, 3. UN and ASEAN steps to prevent cyber warfare. Lecture for the National Defense College of the Philippines (NDCP), government’s highest center for education, training, and research on defense and national security, in the National Security Studies Program (NSSP) for Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) officers.
Framework of responsible state behaviour in cyberspace - for Marshall Center ...
Lecture on the different cyber norms frameworks for responsible state behaviour in cyberspace - describing Paris Call, Charter of Trust, Microsoft Digital Geneva Convention, Tech Accord, GCSC, Shanghai SCO, UN GGE, UN OEWG - explaining each of the 11 cyber norms from the UN GGE 2015 meeting, and concluding with a case study on ASEAN's approach to international law in cyber operations
Adapting to changing cyber security threats in South East Asia (IFRI 2020)
Lecture outline
1. Comparative analysis of cyber threats and their evolution in South East Asia
2. Digitization of critical infrastructure and growing security risks
3. Conceiving of and preparing for cyber warfare
Delivered to the French Institute for International Relations
Cyber threats and cooperation in Indo Pacific for Pacific Forum 2020
This public, 90-minute session examined the prevalence of cyber threats in the Indo-Pacific region based on some of the high-profile cyber-attacks and data leaks, as well as advanced persistent threat campaigns. It assessed the growing prominence of information warfare, especially in the current pandemic. The session highlighted the most common tactics, techniques and procedures used by malicious actors, and the countermeasures that governments and the private sector have undertaken to fortify their cyber defenses in the emerging data-driven economy. This session then examined the role played by the US and Singapore in enhancing regional cybersecurity as well as clarify the points of convergence and divergence between Singapore and the US to improve future cooperation.
Singapore Asean cyber conflict and cybersecurity strategy - for Columbia Univ...
The document discusses Singapore's cybersecurity strategy, which has four pillars: developing its cybersecurity capabilities, using cybersecurity to build its economy, strengthening international partnerships, and building capacity in Southeast Asian countries as the region faces different levels of cyber maturity. It also examines Singapore's Cybersecurity Act and roles for critical infrastructure owners, as well as the country's efforts to enhance cyber coordination within ASEAN through forums, capacity building programs, and confidence building measures.
Legal Technology Vision (Singapore) and the future of legal tech (2020 update)
The document discusses the vision and future of legal technology and how it can be used in one's career. It introduces Fiona, who is starting a business matching freelancers to clients, and how she uses legal tech like contract and agreement templates to help with her business. It then discusses how law firms and legal professionals are at a crossroads regarding technology, and how they can either fight it, ignore it, or use it to succeed. Finally, it outlines a 4-prong approach for the legal sector and legal tech providers involving identifying a baseline, improving technology, adapting/innovating, and inventing new legal tech.
More from Benjamin Ang (20)
Cybersecurity in ASEAN and Singapore Columbia - Lecture for Columbia SIPA 202...
Cybersecurity in ASEAN and Singapore Columbia - Lecture for Columbia SIPA 202...
International Cooperation to Impose Consequences for Malicious Cyber Activity...
International Cooperation to Impose Consequences for Malicious Cyber Activity...
Cooperation between ASEAN military civil academic in international cybersecur...
Cooperation between ASEAN military civil academic in international cybersecur...
Technology Disruption Digital Inclusion and the Law.pdf
Technology Disruption Digital Inclusion and the Law.pdf
Why Application of International Law Applies to ASEAN.pdf
Why Application of International Law Applies to ASEAN.pdf
Lessons learned from Capacity Building on International Cyber Norms in Southe...
Lessons learned from Capacity Building on International Cyber Norms in Southe...
Cybersecurity and National Security in Southeast Asia 2022.pdf
Cybersecurity and National Security in Southeast Asia 2022.pdf
Cybercrime and Cyber Warfare (and Information Operations) – Your questions an...
Cybercrime and Cyber Warfare (and Information Operations) – Your questions an...
Disinformation in Southeast Asia and Pro Russian Anti Ukraine Narratives
Disinformation in Southeast Asia and Pro Russian Anti Ukraine Narratives
Foreign Interference and National Security - Law Society Public Law conferenc...
Foreign Interference and National Security - Law Society Public Law conferenc...
Technology Disruption in the New Normal, Digital Inclusion and the Law
Technology Disruption in the New Normal, Digital Inclusion and the Law
Law and warfare in the cyber domain (for NSSP, AFP, NDCP)
Law and warfare in the cyber domain (for NSSP, AFP, NDCP)
Framework of responsible state behaviour in cyberspace - for Marshall Center ...
Framework of responsible state behaviour in cyberspace - for Marshall Center ...
Adapting to changing cyber security threats in South East Asia (IFRI 2020)
Adapting to changing cyber security threats in South East Asia (IFRI 2020)
Cyber threats and cooperation in Indo Pacific for Pacific Forum 2020
Cyber threats and cooperation in Indo Pacific for Pacific Forum 2020
Singapore Asean cyber conflict and cybersecurity strategy - for Columbia Univ...
Singapore Asean cyber conflict and cybersecurity strategy - for Columbia Univ...
Legal Technology Vision (Singapore) and the future of legal tech (2020 update)
Legal Technology Vision (Singapore) and the future of legal tech (2020 update)
Recently uploaded
Lifting the Corporate Veil. Power Point Presentation
"Lifting the Corporate Veil" is a legal concept that refers to the judicial act of disregarding the separate legal personality of a corporation or limited liability company (LLC). Normally, a corporation is considered a legal entity separate from its shareholders or members, meaning that the personal assets of shareholders or members are protected from the liabilities of the corporation. However, there are certain situations where courts may decide to "pierce" or "lift" the corporate veil, holding shareholders or members personally liable for the debts or actions of the corporation.
Here are some common scenarios in which courts might lift the corporate veil:
Fraud or Illegality: If shareholders or members use the corporate structure to perpetrate fraud, evade legal obligations, or engage in illegal activities, courts may disregard the corporate entity and hold those individuals personally liable.
Undercapitalization: If a corporation is formed with insufficient capital to conduct its intended business and meet its foreseeable liabilities, and this lack of capitalization results in harm to creditors or other parties, courts may lift the corporate veil to hold shareholders or members liable.
Failure to Observe Corporate Formalities: Corporations and LLCs are required to observe certain formalities, such as holding regular meetings, maintaining separate financial records, and avoiding commingling of personal and corporate assets. If these formalities are not observed and the corporate structure is used as a mere façade, courts may disregard the corporate entity.
Alter Ego: If there is such a unity of interest and ownership between the corporation and its shareholders or members that the separate personalities of the corporation and the individuals no longer exist, courts may treat the corporation as the alter ego of its owners and hold them personally liable.
Group Enterprises: In some cases, where multiple corporations are closely related or form part of a single economic unit, courts may pierce the corporate veil to achieve equity, particularly if one corporation's actions harm creditors or other stakeholders and the corporate structure is being used to shield culpable parties from liability.
Integrating Advocacy and Legal Tactics to Tackle Online Consumer Complaints
Our company bridges the gap between registered users and experienced advocates, offering a user-friendly online platform for seamless interaction. This platform empowers users to voice their grievances, particularly regarding online consumer issues. We streamline support by utilizing our team of expert advocates to provide consultancy services and initiate appropriate legal actions.
Our Online Consumer Legal Forum offers comprehensive guidance to individuals and businesses facing consumer complaints. With a dedicated team, round-the-clock support, and efficient complaint management, we are the preferred solution for addressing consumer grievances.
Our intuitive online interface allows individuals to register complaints, seek legal advice, and pursue justice conveniently. Users can submit complaints via mobile devices and send legal notices to companies directly through our portal.
What are the common challenges faced by women lawyers working in the legal pr...
The legal profession, which has historically been male-dominated, has experienced a significant increase in the number of women entering the field over the past few decades. Despite this progress, women lawyers continue to encounter various challenges as they strive for top positions.
Search Warrants for NH Law Enforcement Officers
Training aid for law enforcement officers related to search warrants, the requirements needed, drafting, and execution of the search warrant.
Receivership and liquidation Accounts Prof. Oyedokun.pptx
Receivership and liquidation Accounts Prof. Oyedokun.pptxGodwin Emmanuel Oyedokun MBA MSc PhD FCA FCTI FCNA CFE FFAR
Receivership and liquidation Accounts
Being a Paper Presented at Business Recovery and Insolvency Practitioners Association of Nigeria (BRIPAN) on Friday, August 18, 2023.
San Remo Manual on International Law Applicable to Armed Conflict at Sea
Presentation by Justin Ordoyo
University of the Philippines College of Law
Presentation (1).pptx Human rights of LGBTQ people in India, constitutional a...
Human rights of LGBTQ people in India, constitutional and judicial approach
Genocide in International Criminal Law.pptx
Excited to share insights from my recent presentation on genocide! 💡 In light of ongoing debates, it's crucial to delve into the nuances of this grave crime.
It's the Law: Recent Court and Administrative Decisions of Interest
2024 Idaho Water Users Association, Sun Valley, Idaho - June 11, 2024. Presented by Payton Hampton and Garrett Kitamura
Business Laws Sunita saha
Business law for the students of undergraduate level. The presentation contains the summary of all the chapters under the syllabus of State University, Contract Act, Sale of Goods Act, Negotiable Instrument Act, Partnership Act, Limited Liability Act, Consumer Protection Act.
在线办理(UNE毕业证书)新英格兰大学毕业证成绩单一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(UNE毕业证书)新英格兰大学毕业证成绩单》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
一比一原版(Lincoln毕业证)新西兰林肯大学毕业证如何办理
Lincoln硕士毕业证成绩单【微信95270640】办理新西兰林肯大学毕业证原版一模一样、Lincoln毕业证制作【Q微信95270640】《新西兰林肯大学毕业证购买流程》《Lincoln成绩单制作》新西兰林肯大学毕业证书Lincoln毕业证文凭新西兰林肯大学
本科毕业证书,学历学位认证如何办理【留学国外学位学历认证、毕业证、成绩单、大学Offer、雅思托福代考、语言证书、学生卡、高仿教育部认证等一切高仿或者真实可查认证服务】代办国外（海外）英国、加拿大、美国、新西兰、澳大利亚、新西兰等国外各大学毕业证、文凭学历证书、成绩单、学历学位认证真实可查。
[留学文凭学历认证(留信认证使馆认证)新西兰林肯大学毕业证成绩单毕业证证书大学Offer请假条成绩单语言证书国际回国人员证明高仿教育部认证申请学校等一切高仿或者真实可查认证服务。
多年留学服务公司,拥有海外样板无数能完美1:1还原海外各国大学degreeDiplomaTranscripts等毕业材料。海外大学毕业材料都有哪些工艺呢？工艺难度主要由：烫金.钢印.底纹.水印.防伪光标.热敏防伪等等组成。而且我们每天都在更新海外文凭的样板以求所有同学都能享受到完美的品质服务。
国外毕业证学位证成绩单办理方法：
1客户提供办理新西兰林肯大学新西兰林肯大学毕业证学位证信息：姓名生日专业学位毕业时间等（如信息不确定可以咨询顾问：我们有专业老师帮你查询）；
2开始安排制作毕业证成绩单电子图；
3毕业证成绩单电子版做好以后发送给您确认；
4毕业证成绩单电子版您确认信息无误之后安排制作成品；
5成品做好拍照或者视频给您确认；
6快递给客户（国内顺丰国外DHLUPS等快读邮寄）
— — — — 我们是挂科和未毕业同学们的福音我们是实体公司精益求精的工艺！ — — — -
一真实留信认证的作用(私企外企荣誉的见证):
1：该专业认证可证明留学生真实留学身份同时对留学生所学专业等级给予评定。
2：国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书这个入网证书并且可以归档到地方。
3：凡是获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内将在公安部网内查询个人身份证信息后同步读取人才网入库信息。
4：个人职称评审加20分个人信誉贷款加10分。
5：在国家人才网主办的全国网络招聘大会中纳入资料供国家500强等高端企业选择人才。问山娃想买什么想吃什么山娃知道父亲赚钱很辛苦除了书籍和文具山娃啥也不要能牵着父亲的手满城闲逛他已心满意足了父亲连挑了三套童装叫山娃试穿山娃有点不想父亲说城里不比乡下要穿得漂漂亮亮爸怎么不穿得漂亮望着父亲山娃反问道父亲听了并不回答只是吃吃地笑山娃很精神越逛越起劲父亲却越逛越疲倦望着父亲呵欠连天的样子山娃也说困了累了回家吧小屋闷罐一般头顶上的三叶扇彻夜呜呜作响搅得满屋热气腾腾也搅得山娃心烦意乱父亲一的
Sangyun Lee, 'Why Korea's Merger Control Occasionally Fails: A Public Choice ...
Presentation slides for a session held on June 4, 2024, at Kyoto University. This presentation is based on the presenter’s recent paper, coauthored with Hwang Lee, Professor, Korea University, with the same title, published in the Journal of Business Administration & Law, Volume 34, No. 2 (April 2024). The paper, written in Korean, is available at <https://shorturl.at/GCWcI>.
快速办理(SCU毕业证书)澳洲南十字星大学毕业证文凭证书一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(SCU毕业证书)澳洲南十字星大学毕业证文凭证书》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
在线办理(SU毕业证书)美国雪城大学毕业证成绩单一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(SU毕业证书)美国雪城大学毕业证成绩单》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Corporate Governance : Scope and Legal Framework
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
MEANING
Corporate Governance refers to the way in which companies are governed and to what purpose. It identifies who has power and accountability, and who makes decisions. It is, in essence, a toolkit that enables management and the board to deal more effectively with the challenges of running a company.
Patenting_Innovations_in_3D_Printing_Prosthetics.pptx
slide deck : Patenting innovations in 3D printing
Recently uploaded (20)
Lifting the Corporate Veil. Power Point Presentation
Lifting the Corporate Veil. Power Point Presentation
Integrating Advocacy and Legal Tactics to Tackle Online Consumer Complaints
Integrating Advocacy and Legal Tactics to Tackle Online Consumer Complaints
What are the common challenges faced by women lawyers working in the legal pr...
What are the common challenges faced by women lawyers working in the legal pr...
Receivership and liquidation Accounts Prof. Oyedokun.pptx
Receivership and liquidation Accounts Prof. Oyedokun.pptx
San Remo Manual on International Law Applicable to Armed Conflict at Sea
San Remo Manual on International Law Applicable to Armed Conflict at Sea
Presentation (1).pptx Human rights of LGBTQ people in India, constitutional a...
Presentation (1).pptx Human rights of LGBTQ people in India, constitutional a...
It's the Law: Recent Court and Administrative Decisions of Interest
It's the Law: Recent Court and Administrative Decisions of Interest
Sangyun Lee, 'Why Korea's Merger Control Occasionally Fails: A Public Choice ...
Sangyun Lee, 'Why Korea's Merger Control Occasionally Fails: A Public Choice ...
fnaf lore.pptx ...................................
fnaf lore.pptx ...................................
Patenting_Innovations_in_3D_Printing_Prosthetics.pptx
Patenting_Innovations_in_3D_Printing_Prosthetics.pptx
Deliberate Online Falsehoods - The Risks
- 1. Deliberate Online Falsehoods - The Risks Benjamin Ang Internet Society Singapore Chapter
- 2. The Problem Some Legal Responses Risks of Legislation Outline
- 3. Strategies for falsehoods co-ordinated re-posting of a false article or post Conspiracy theories spread during the 2017 German Federal Election exploit existing racial, religious or political rifts Fake Black Lives Matter social media accounts created to increase racial tension
- 4. Strategies for falsehoods share as many conflicting messages as possible get people to conclude that there are so many different interpretations of events, that it is not possible to determine the truth exploit rifts + re-post false articles Used by Russia to destabilize Ukraine psychologically and to advance a conviction that the country is a failed state
- 5. Brexit, US Presidential campaign, Germany, France Reasons for deploying falsehoods Aimed at interfering with elections State actors and private entities State actors - to create specific political outcomes Private actors - for financial gain (advertising revenue)
- 6. Closer to home: Indonesia 2017 election: provocative content and hate speech spread to incite tensions along racial and religious lines Rumour that Jakarta Legal Aid Institute (YLBHI) was attempting to revive communism in Indonesia - resulted in clash with police
- 7. The key objective of foreign States is to destabilise the target countries.
- 8. The key objective of private actors in spreading falsehood is profit
- 9. Legal Responses Germany Network Enforcement Act 50 million EUR USA Honest Ads Act France Regulation of websites Emergency powers for judges Singapore Sue in defamation Sedition Act Law against fake news?
- 10. Our society is open and connected Our society is multiracial and multi-religious Singapore is a strategic target in ASEAN Risks for Singapore
- 11. Laws for rapid take down or reply (France) Laws making social media platforms liable (Germany) Laws making advertising transparent (USA) Ideas for controlling falsehoods
- 12. Risks of Legislation Restricting freedom of speech Stifling genuine discussion Abuse of censorship power Loss of legitimacy of government / decline of trust Drawing more attention to the falsehood