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Media: You've Been Framed
This document contains a list of different film shots and framing techniques including close ups, medium shots, long shots, and over the shoulder shots. It also includes topics like isolation, friendship, and conveying stress or environmental issues.
Tobacco Underground Gameshow Edition
The document describes a game show about the history of tobacco and the tobacco industry. It is presented in 3 rounds of trivia questions with 7 multiple choice questions per round. The questions cover topics like the negative health effects of smoking, statistics on tobacco-related deaths and costs, the tobacco industry's targeting of teens and certain groups, toxic chemicals in cigarettes, and regulation of tobacco.
Tv scheduling
This document discusses TV scheduling and target audiences. It is broken into several questions:
1. TV programming is broken into segments by time of day, each targeting different audiences. Popular genres are reality TV, soaps, dramas and game shows.
2. The major channels - BBC1, BBC2, ITV, C4, C5 - each target different audiences based on age and interests. Examples of typical programs are given for each channel.
3. Channel 5 imports most of its shows from other countries due to lower budgets. Schedulers use techniques like inheritance, pre-echo and hammocking to retain audiences across multiple channels.
How to identify eco friendly products
In order to go green, the first important thing is to purchase the green products. Now, the crucial question is how to identify eco friendly/green products?
Game show template
This document contains 9 questions and corresponding clues. Each question is numbered from 1 to 9, and each clue provides additional information to help answer the associated question.
Bbc
The document summarizes the history of the BBC from its founding in 1922 to provide radio broadcasts to the present day. It launched its first TV service in 1936 and expanded to additional channels like BBC Two in 1964. Iconic shows like Dr. Who and programs promoting education and science like those of David Attenborough have been part of BBC's mission. The BBC is publicly funded through television licensing fees and remains editorially independent while being overseen by the BBC Trust. It continues to innovate with new digital offerings like BBC iPlayer.
Youve been framed
This document provides a list of different types of camera shots and angles that could be used when filming including extreme close ups, midshots, high angle close ups, two shots, shots taken from a high angle, shots of someone in isolation, and images conveying friendship.
BTEC Y1 - Game Show Brief Overview
This document outlines the tasks and requirements for a BTEC Media course. It includes 4 tasks related to creating a blog on video technology and editing, editing footage, filming a classic film sequence, and filming a game show. It provides the criteria for passing, merit, and distinction levels for each task, focusing on demonstrating understanding and skills in video technology, editing principles, and practical production abilities.
Recommended
Media: You've Been Framed
This document contains a list of different film shots and framing techniques including close ups, medium shots, long shots, and over the shoulder shots. It also includes topics like isolation, friendship, and conveying stress or environmental issues.
Tobacco Underground Gameshow Edition
The document describes a game show about the history of tobacco and the tobacco industry. It is presented in 3 rounds of trivia questions with 7 multiple choice questions per round. The questions cover topics like the negative health effects of smoking, statistics on tobacco-related deaths and costs, the tobacco industry's targeting of teens and certain groups, toxic chemicals in cigarettes, and regulation of tobacco.
Tv scheduling
This document discusses TV scheduling and target audiences. It is broken into several questions:
1. TV programming is broken into segments by time of day, each targeting different audiences. Popular genres are reality TV, soaps, dramas and game shows.
2. The major channels - BBC1, BBC2, ITV, C4, C5 - each target different audiences based on age and interests. Examples of typical programs are given for each channel.
3. Channel 5 imports most of its shows from other countries due to lower budgets. Schedulers use techniques like inheritance, pre-echo and hammocking to retain audiences across multiple channels.
How to identify eco friendly products
In order to go green, the first important thing is to purchase the green products. Now, the crucial question is how to identify eco friendly/green products?
Game show template
This document contains 9 questions and corresponding clues. Each question is numbered from 1 to 9, and each clue provides additional information to help answer the associated question.
Bbc
The document summarizes the history of the BBC from its founding in 1922 to provide radio broadcasts to the present day. It launched its first TV service in 1936 and expanded to additional channels like BBC Two in 1964. Iconic shows like Dr. Who and programs promoting education and science like those of David Attenborough have been part of BBC's mission. The BBC is publicly funded through television licensing fees and remains editorially independent while being overseen by the BBC Trust. It continues to innovate with new digital offerings like BBC iPlayer.
Youve been framed
This document provides a list of different types of camera shots and angles that could be used when filming including extreme close ups, midshots, high angle close ups, two shots, shots taken from a high angle, shots of someone in isolation, and images conveying friendship.
BTEC Y1 - Game Show Brief Overview
This document outlines the tasks and requirements for a BTEC Media course. It includes 4 tasks related to creating a blog on video technology and editing, editing footage, filming a classic film sequence, and filming a game show. It provides the criteria for passing, merit, and distinction levels for each task, focusing on demonstrating understanding and skills in video technology, editing principles, and practical production abilities.
TV ADDICT
This document outlines the rules and structure of a proposed game show called "My Gameshow" about television and film trivia. It would feature 8 initial contestants competing in a bracket-style quiz until 2 finalists remain, who would then face off for a £1,000 cash prize and Netflix subscription. Narrative theory concepts like equilibrium, disruption, and resolution are discussed in relation to the show's linear start-to-finish structure and determination of a clear winner.
Simpsons quiz
This document is a quiz about characters from the TV show The Simpsons. It asks two multiple choice questions, the first about Homer Simpson's catch phrase being "D'oh" and the second about his middle name being "Jay". The document provides feedback telling the user to try again or go back if they answer incorrectly and congratulates them for completing the quiz.
History of gameshows
The document provides a history of game shows from the 1930s to the 2000s. It discusses the first game shows on BBC in the late 1930s and 1950s, the rise of commercial station ITV in the 1950s bringing advertising and prize money. Popular game shows of each decade are summarized, such as What's My Line? in the 1950s, Jeux Sans Frontières and University Challenge in the 1960s, 3-2-1 and The Generation Game in the 1970s, and Noel Edmonds' live shows in the 1980s and 1990s which brought an element of danger. The document also profiles some famous game show hosts like Anne Robinson and her catchphrase from The Weakest Link.
You’ve Been Framed Powerpoint
This document describes a series of shots that could be used to frame a story, including establishing shots like a high angle long shot and low angle medium close up, close ups of details like the time and someone on a phone, shots of a person in nature, a conversation in a two shot, an over the shoulder shot of someone writing, a very long shot conveying isolation, and connotations of friendship in various shots.
Game Show Math
1. Game shows involve complex mathematical problems for both contestants and producers. Contestants must strategize their gameplay while producers aim to build entertaining yet profitable games.
2. Common game show games like "The Price is Right" and "Deal or No Deal" can be analyzed using probability and expected value calculations to determine the optimal strategies for players and maximize producer profits.
3. Analyzing data from past episodes of popular game shows provides insights into real-world behaviors that can inform mathematical modeling of game dynamics.
Game show lesson
This document provides a lesson on game shows and comparatives. It includes mind maps about elements of game shows like teams, questions, and prizes. It then discusses Turkish and Survivor game shows and uses comparatives to analyze and compare different game shows by how exciting, cruel, or funny they are as well as the types of games played and rewards/punishments. Students are instructed to watch game shows, describe elements, and compare how American shows reward success while Japanese shows punish failure.
Game show powerpoint
This document discusses different types of game shows including dating shows, activity shows, panel shows, puzzle shows and reality shows. It notes that quiz and puzzle shows tend to appeal more to older audiences while panel and reality shows attract younger viewers. The document also covers scheduling considerations, noting that shows before 9pm tend to have younger or older audiences while reality and panel shows usually air later. Finally, it provides a brief history of popular game shows from the 1930s to the 2000s.
2017 exam topic tv game show display
This document provides information for a GCSE exam on TV game shows. Students will be asked to research existing game shows, examining their titles, logos, presenters, gameplay, audience involvement and social media presence. They will also analyze the media language, audiences, representations and institutions involved in game shows, such as scheduling, monetization through texting/apps. For the exam, students will develop their own game show proposal and marketing ideas, imagining what their original show would look like. They will have 4 weeks to prepare before presenting their brief to a company wanting to develop a new TV game show.
Gameshow Subgenres
This document discusses different sub-genres of television game shows and provides examples for each. Activity-oriented shows mentioned include Total Wipeout and Ninja Warrior UK which involve physical challenges. Dating shows provided as examples are Take Me Out and Blind Date. Panel games include Would I Lie To You? where teams evaluate the truth of stories. Puzzle shows highlighted are Catchphrase and Wheel of Fortune. Quiz shows covered are The Chase and Are You Smarter Than a 10 Year Old?. I'm A Celebrity...Get Me Out Of Here! is provided as an example of a reality TV game show. Family Fortunes is listed under "Other".
2009 Quiz Shows
Quiz shows are television or radio programs that involve individuals or teams competing through demonstrating general knowledge or knowledge of specific topics. They typically follow a consistent format of rounds and rules. Popular subgenres include shows focused on specific topics like Shakespeare, gardening, or celebrities. While many quiz shows test factual knowledge, some hybridize with game shows by testing skills instead of or in addition to knowledge. The longest running UK quiz show is A Question of Sport, which began airing in 1970.
Conventions of Print Advertisements
This document outlines the key conventions of print advertisements, including an interesting heading or catch phrase, appropriate size, prominent brand logo and slogan, coordinated color scheme, impactful graphics, and limited use of words to maximize visual appeal and message clarity.
List of Catchphrase Puzzles on Nickelodeon's Catchphrase
This is an Interview of Nickelodeon's Catchphrase Puzzles are:
Digging Yourself a Hole
Keep It Under Your Hat
Cost an Arm and a Leg
Going Round in Circles
Surf the Web
Falling From Grace
Hand in Hand
Keeping an Eye on Things
Put Your Money Where Your Mouth Is
Split Second
Two Timer
Chip of the Old Block
The grass is always greener on the other side
Every Cloud has a Silver Lining
The Ketchup Song
King of the Hill
Falling on Deaf Ears
Blast from the Past
Bad Hair Day
Catch 22 situation
Let the Cat of the Bag
The bbc
The BBC was formed in 1922 and continues to evolve, with some channels becoming online-only. It is funded by an annual television license fee paid by UK households and organizations. The BBC Trust oversees the BBC's operations and sets strategic objectives like creating distinctive content and innovating online. However, some feel the BBC no longer fulfills its remit to inform, educate and entertain, and that it focuses too much on politics and documentaries rather than entertaining shows. While still important, the BBC is no longer as dominant as it used to be given the many other channels now available. It needs to work harder to compete and provide programming that attracts both UK and international audiences.
Americas Funniest Videos brand extension opportunities
A collection of three franchise extension opportunities presented to America's Funniest Videos. All ideas cultivated the series' already cross-platform viability and aimed at extending its popularity to new age demographics.
Bbc history task
The document summarizes key events in the early history of the BBC from 1922 to 1938:
1) In 1922, the BBC started its first daily radio service in London, initially providing only a few hours of news, music, drama and talks each day.
2) By 1923, the BBC was producing The Radio Times listing magazine to provide programming information to listeners.
3) In 1924, the BBC began using the Greenwich Time Signal, consisting of six short "pips", to mark the top of each hour on radio broadcasts.
4) The BBC commissioned Broadcasting House in 1932 as its new purpose-built headquarters, housing both radio and the fledgling television service.
Online Learning: Continuous Enhancement and Improvement
The role of a Programme Lead in the continuous enhancement and improvement of the student experience in an online education setting.
Indirect intention
This document discusses the legal principles of oblique intent in criminal cases. It outlines several important court cases that have helped define how intent can be established through foreseeability of consequences:
- DPP v Smith established that a person intends the natural and probable consequences of their actions.
- Hyam v DPP found that intent exists when a person foresees a consequence as being highly probable due to their actions.
- More recent cases like Nedrick, Woolin, and Matthews and Alleyne have confirmed that a jury can only find intent if the consequence was virtually certain and the defendant appreciated this, establishing foreseeability of consequences as a rule of evidence for intent.
Actus reus
This document defines and discusses the legal concept of actus reus. It begins by defining actus reus using four sources of authority as the physical act of the crime, an act, a failure to act (omission), or a "state of affairs". It then describes actus reus as generally requiring a positive act, with an exception for cases like R v Larsonneur that involve a state of affairs. Finally, it explains five situations in which an omission may amount to actus reus: 1) when a legal duty exists, such as the duty of parents to care for children; 2) when a duty arises from a relationship; 3) when a duty arises from undertaking someone's care; 4
Causation and drugs cases
This document summarizes several cases related to causation and drugs:
- R v Cato established that administering a noxious substance that causes death is an offence under the 1861 Offences Against the Person Act.
- R v Dalby rejected prosecution for death caused by illegally supplying drugs, as the supply did not directly cause death.
- R v Khan suggested non-action could establish liability if there is a duty to summon medical help in an overdose situation.
- R v Evans upheld conviction for gross negligence manslaughter when the appellant supplied heroin to her sister, recognized the sister's overdose symptoms, but failed to seek medical help, causing her death.
Section 25 of the Matrimonial Causes Act 1973: Financial factors
The document discusses UK laws governing finances in divorce cases, including the Matrimonial Causes Act 1973 and related case law. It outlines the courts' powers to approve and change the financial positions of parties upon divorce. It describes the factors courts must consider under section 25 of the MCA 1973, such as the financial resources and needs of the parties, the standard of living enjoyed during the marriage, and the conduct of the parties. Case law is discussed that provides guidance on applying these statutory factors.
Judicial Separation in England and Wales
An applicant for legal separation must prove one of five facts under the Matrimonial Causes Act 1973 to be granted a separation. A legal separation and divorce have similar effects, including preventing inheritance, ending cohabitation obligations, and allowing financial relief. If divorce is barred, one can pursue legal separation instead within the first year of marriage by proving any of the five facts, without needing to show an irretrievable breakdown of the marriage. A legal separation can result in financial orders, maintenance obligations, an end to cohabitation, barring inheritance, and the potential for reconciliation if remarriage is prohibited.
Civil Partnerships in England and Wales
Civil partnerships allow same-sex couples to legally recognize their relationship, equivalent to marriage. Partners obtain property rights, inheritance, and pension benefits. To end a civil partnership, one must apply for dissolution after one year, which deals with financial and property settlements similarly to divorce. Grounds for dissolution include irretrievable breakdown, two years living apart by consent, or five years living apart. Nullity or separation orders are also possible under certain conditions.
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TV ADDICT
This document outlines the rules and structure of a proposed game show called "My Gameshow" about television and film trivia. It would feature 8 initial contestants competing in a bracket-style quiz until 2 finalists remain, who would then face off for a £1,000 cash prize and Netflix subscription. Narrative theory concepts like equilibrium, disruption, and resolution are discussed in relation to the show's linear start-to-finish structure and determination of a clear winner.
Simpsons quiz
This document is a quiz about characters from the TV show The Simpsons. It asks two multiple choice questions, the first about Homer Simpson's catch phrase being "D'oh" and the second about his middle name being "Jay". The document provides feedback telling the user to try again or go back if they answer incorrectly and congratulates them for completing the quiz.
History of gameshows
The document provides a history of game shows from the 1930s to the 2000s. It discusses the first game shows on BBC in the late 1930s and 1950s, the rise of commercial station ITV in the 1950s bringing advertising and prize money. Popular game shows of each decade are summarized, such as What's My Line? in the 1950s, Jeux Sans Frontières and University Challenge in the 1960s, 3-2-1 and The Generation Game in the 1970s, and Noel Edmonds' live shows in the 1980s and 1990s which brought an element of danger. The document also profiles some famous game show hosts like Anne Robinson and her catchphrase from The Weakest Link.
You’ve Been Framed Powerpoint
This document describes a series of shots that could be used to frame a story, including establishing shots like a high angle long shot and low angle medium close up, close ups of details like the time and someone on a phone, shots of a person in nature, a conversation in a two shot, an over the shoulder shot of someone writing, a very long shot conveying isolation, and connotations of friendship in various shots.
Game Show Math
1. Game shows involve complex mathematical problems for both contestants and producers. Contestants must strategize their gameplay while producers aim to build entertaining yet profitable games.
2. Common game show games like "The Price is Right" and "Deal or No Deal" can be analyzed using probability and expected value calculations to determine the optimal strategies for players and maximize producer profits.
3. Analyzing data from past episodes of popular game shows provides insights into real-world behaviors that can inform mathematical modeling of game dynamics.
Game show lesson
This document provides a lesson on game shows and comparatives. It includes mind maps about elements of game shows like teams, questions, and prizes. It then discusses Turkish and Survivor game shows and uses comparatives to analyze and compare different game shows by how exciting, cruel, or funny they are as well as the types of games played and rewards/punishments. Students are instructed to watch game shows, describe elements, and compare how American shows reward success while Japanese shows punish failure.
Game show powerpoint
This document discusses different types of game shows including dating shows, activity shows, panel shows, puzzle shows and reality shows. It notes that quiz and puzzle shows tend to appeal more to older audiences while panel and reality shows attract younger viewers. The document also covers scheduling considerations, noting that shows before 9pm tend to have younger or older audiences while reality and panel shows usually air later. Finally, it provides a brief history of popular game shows from the 1930s to the 2000s.
2017 exam topic tv game show display
This document provides information for a GCSE exam on TV game shows. Students will be asked to research existing game shows, examining their titles, logos, presenters, gameplay, audience involvement and social media presence. They will also analyze the media language, audiences, representations and institutions involved in game shows, such as scheduling, monetization through texting/apps. For the exam, students will develop their own game show proposal and marketing ideas, imagining what their original show would look like. They will have 4 weeks to prepare before presenting their brief to a company wanting to develop a new TV game show.
Gameshow Subgenres
This document discusses different sub-genres of television game shows and provides examples for each. Activity-oriented shows mentioned include Total Wipeout and Ninja Warrior UK which involve physical challenges. Dating shows provided as examples are Take Me Out and Blind Date. Panel games include Would I Lie To You? where teams evaluate the truth of stories. Puzzle shows highlighted are Catchphrase and Wheel of Fortune. Quiz shows covered are The Chase and Are You Smarter Than a 10 Year Old?. I'm A Celebrity...Get Me Out Of Here! is provided as an example of a reality TV game show. Family Fortunes is listed under "Other".
2009 Quiz Shows
Quiz shows are television or radio programs that involve individuals or teams competing through demonstrating general knowledge or knowledge of specific topics. They typically follow a consistent format of rounds and rules. Popular subgenres include shows focused on specific topics like Shakespeare, gardening, or celebrities. While many quiz shows test factual knowledge, some hybridize with game shows by testing skills instead of or in addition to knowledge. The longest running UK quiz show is A Question of Sport, which began airing in 1970.
Conventions of Print Advertisements
This document outlines the key conventions of print advertisements, including an interesting heading or catch phrase, appropriate size, prominent brand logo and slogan, coordinated color scheme, impactful graphics, and limited use of words to maximize visual appeal and message clarity.
List of Catchphrase Puzzles on Nickelodeon's Catchphrase
This is an Interview of Nickelodeon's Catchphrase Puzzles are:
Digging Yourself a Hole
Keep It Under Your Hat
Cost an Arm and a Leg
Going Round in Circles
Surf the Web
Falling From Grace
Hand in Hand
Keeping an Eye on Things
Put Your Money Where Your Mouth Is
Split Second
Two Timer
Chip of the Old Block
The grass is always greener on the other side
Every Cloud has a Silver Lining
The Ketchup Song
King of the Hill
Falling on Deaf Ears
Blast from the Past
Bad Hair Day
Catch 22 situation
Let the Cat of the Bag
The bbc
The BBC was formed in 1922 and continues to evolve, with some channels becoming online-only. It is funded by an annual television license fee paid by UK households and organizations. The BBC Trust oversees the BBC's operations and sets strategic objectives like creating distinctive content and innovating online. However, some feel the BBC no longer fulfills its remit to inform, educate and entertain, and that it focuses too much on politics and documentaries rather than entertaining shows. While still important, the BBC is no longer as dominant as it used to be given the many other channels now available. It needs to work harder to compete and provide programming that attracts both UK and international audiences.
Americas Funniest Videos brand extension opportunities
A collection of three franchise extension opportunities presented to America's Funniest Videos. All ideas cultivated the series' already cross-platform viability and aimed at extending its popularity to new age demographics.
Bbc history task
The document summarizes key events in the early history of the BBC from 1922 to 1938:
1) In 1922, the BBC started its first daily radio service in London, initially providing only a few hours of news, music, drama and talks each day.
2) By 1923, the BBC was producing The Radio Times listing magazine to provide programming information to listeners.
3) In 1924, the BBC began using the Greenwich Time Signal, consisting of six short "pips", to mark the top of each hour on radio broadcasts.
4) The BBC commissioned Broadcasting House in 1932 as its new purpose-built headquarters, housing both radio and the fledgling television service.
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List of Catchphrase Puzzles on Nickelodeon's Catchphrase
List of Catchphrase Puzzles on Nickelodeon's Catchphrase
Americas Funniest Videos brand extension opportunities
Americas Funniest Videos brand extension opportunities
More from Kirsty Allison
Online Learning: Continuous Enhancement and Improvement
The role of a Programme Lead in the continuous enhancement and improvement of the student experience in an online education setting.
Indirect intention
This document discusses the legal principles of oblique intent in criminal cases. It outlines several important court cases that have helped define how intent can be established through foreseeability of consequences:
- DPP v Smith established that a person intends the natural and probable consequences of their actions.
- Hyam v DPP found that intent exists when a person foresees a consequence as being highly probable due to their actions.
- More recent cases like Nedrick, Woolin, and Matthews and Alleyne have confirmed that a jury can only find intent if the consequence was virtually certain and the defendant appreciated this, establishing foreseeability of consequences as a rule of evidence for intent.
Actus reus
This document defines and discusses the legal concept of actus reus. It begins by defining actus reus using four sources of authority as the physical act of the crime, an act, a failure to act (omission), or a "state of affairs". It then describes actus reus as generally requiring a positive act, with an exception for cases like R v Larsonneur that involve a state of affairs. Finally, it explains five situations in which an omission may amount to actus reus: 1) when a legal duty exists, such as the duty of parents to care for children; 2) when a duty arises from a relationship; 3) when a duty arises from undertaking someone's care; 4
Causation and drugs cases
This document summarizes several cases related to causation and drugs:
- R v Cato established that administering a noxious substance that causes death is an offence under the 1861 Offences Against the Person Act.
- R v Dalby rejected prosecution for death caused by illegally supplying drugs, as the supply did not directly cause death.
- R v Khan suggested non-action could establish liability if there is a duty to summon medical help in an overdose situation.
- R v Evans upheld conviction for gross negligence manslaughter when the appellant supplied heroin to her sister, recognized the sister's overdose symptoms, but failed to seek medical help, causing her death.
Section 25 of the Matrimonial Causes Act 1973: Financial factors
The document discusses UK laws governing finances in divorce cases, including the Matrimonial Causes Act 1973 and related case law. It outlines the courts' powers to approve and change the financial positions of parties upon divorce. It describes the factors courts must consider under section 25 of the MCA 1973, such as the financial resources and needs of the parties, the standard of living enjoyed during the marriage, and the conduct of the parties. Case law is discussed that provides guidance on applying these statutory factors.
Judicial Separation in England and Wales
An applicant for legal separation must prove one of five facts under the Matrimonial Causes Act 1973 to be granted a separation. A legal separation and divorce have similar effects, including preventing inheritance, ending cohabitation obligations, and allowing financial relief. If divorce is barred, one can pursue legal separation instead within the first year of marriage by proving any of the five facts, without needing to show an irretrievable breakdown of the marriage. A legal separation can result in financial orders, maintenance obligations, an end to cohabitation, barring inheritance, and the potential for reconciliation if remarriage is prohibited.
Civil Partnerships in England and Wales
Civil partnerships allow same-sex couples to legally recognize their relationship, equivalent to marriage. Partners obtain property rights, inheritance, and pension benefits. To end a civil partnership, one must apply for dissolution after one year, which deals with financial and property settlements similarly to divorce. Grounds for dissolution include irretrievable breakdown, two years living apart by consent, or five years living apart. Nullity or separation orders are also possible under certain conditions.
Criminal damage
The document discusses criminal damage offenses under the Criminal Damage Act 1971. It outlines the 3 offenses as basic criminal damage, aggravated criminal damage, and arson as defined in Section 1 of the Act. For basic criminal damage, the 3 elements that must be proven are: 1) destruction or damage, 2) to property, and 3) belonging to another. Damage is broadly defined based on case law. Aggravated criminal damage requires the additional element of intending or recklessly endangering life. Defenses to criminal damage are also provided in Section 5 of the Act.
Criminal Law: Intoxication
This document summarizes several cases related to the defense of intoxication in criminal law. It establishes that voluntary intoxication generally cannot be used as a defense, as drunken intent is still considered intent. However, if a defendant was intoxicated to the point of lacking the necessary mental state or mens rea for the crime, intoxication could provide a defense for crimes requiring specific intent but not crimes of basic intent or manslaughter. Subsequent cases further clarified that mistakes due to intoxication cannot be relied on as a defense and that involuntary intoxication is also not a valid defense.
Criminal Law: Diminished Responsibility
This document outlines the four elements of the diminished responsibility defense in criminal cases in the UK: 1) the defendant had an abnormality of mental functioning, 2) the abnormality was a recognized medical condition, 3) the abnormality substantially impaired the defendant's ability to understand their actions, and 4) the abnormality provides an explanation for why the defendant carried out the killing. Case law has established that the impairment does not need to be total and is determined by a jury to be something between total and trivial or minimal. The abnormality and impaired state of mind must also be present at the time of the alleged killing.
Tort Law: Public Policy And Psychiatric Injury
This document discusses several court cases related to public policy and psychiatric injury from tort cases. It establishes that courts now have the power to consider public policy implications when imposing liability. One case did not impose liability on police who failed to act on a warning about a teacher who later killed a student, though this was later challenged. The standard for primary victims claiming psychiatric injuries was that injuries must be reasonably foreseeable, and secondary victims must meet four criteria including witnessing the incident and having a close relationship to the primary victim.
Tort Law: Causation
This document discusses several legal cases related to causation in tort law. It covers topics such as: factual causation tests like the "but for" test; multiple causes of harm where a defendant's actions contributed materially to the damage; intervening acts that may break the chain of causation; the thin skull rule where defendants must take victims as they find them; and the test that the harm suffered must be reasonably foreseeable to be recoverable.
Costs
The document discusses various aspects of costs in UK civil litigation, including:
- The general rule that costs follow the event, but the court has discretion based on circumstances.
- Reforms introduced by LASPOA 2012, including the qualified one-way costs shifting for personal injury claims, proportionality requirements, costs budgets, fixed costs for certain claims, and provisional detailed assessments.
- The procedures for summary assessment of costs at the end of fast track trials, and detailed assessment of costs in multi-track cases, including points of dispute processes.
- The standard and indemnity bases of assessment and wasted costs orders against lawyers.
Financing litigation
This document discusses various methods for financing civil litigation in England and Wales, including retainers, contingency fees (CFAs), damages-based agreements (DBAs), insurance, qualified one-way costs shifting (QOCS), and public funding. It provides details on reforms introduced by the Legal Aid, Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Act 2012, such as success fees and ATE premiums no longer being recoverable from the losing party. CFAs and DBAs are now the main alternatives to traditional retainers, with caps on the percentage of damages that can be claimed. Public funding through legal aid has limited availability and alternative options may include trade union support.
Unfair dismissal
This document discusses unfair dismissal, including:
- 4 types of dismissal: fair, unfair, wrongful, constructive
- What constitutes unfair dismissal, including dismissal for a potentially fair reason without following fair procedure
- 4 automatically unfair reasons for dismissal relating to pregnancy, family reasons, representation, pay and hours
- 5 potentially fair reasons for dismissal under UK law: conduct, capability, redundancy, statutory restriction, other substantial reasons
- The 5 preliminary requirements for an unfair dismissal claim: 1 year continuous service, employee was dismissed, claim brought on time, not an excluded category, effective date of termination
English Legal System
This document discusses the definition of law according to five academics and classifies law into seven main categories. It defines law as a body of rules fixed and enforced by a sovereign authority according to John Austin, and as a system of rules according to Professor Hart. Law can also be seen as an embodiment of reason (Plato) or a tool of control (Marxist theory). The seven classifications of law covered are domestic, European, international, public, private, civil, and criminal law.
Delegated Legislation: Substantive ultra vires
The document discusses the concept of substantive ultra vires, which allows courts to intervene when public authorities abuse their powers by creating laws illegally or unreasonably. It provides examples of cases where authorities have overstepped their powers, such as giving a government department more authority than Parliament or forcing people to remove snow when they lacked that authority. Courts can review delegated legislation for unreasonable acts under the concept of substantive ultra vires.
Delegated Legislation: Procedural Ultra Vires
Procedural ultra vires occurs when a public authority exceeds its powers by failing to follow mandatory procedural requirements in its enabling act. Case law has established that statutory instruments will be invalidated if mandatory consultation or publication requirements are not followed, but not if the procedures are only directory. For example, in R v Secretary of State for Education and Employment, a statutory instrument setting teacher pay conditions was ruled ultra vires for failing to follow the powers granted by the enabling act.
Directives and Direct Effect Memory Game
The EU issues directives that set goals for member states but allow flexibility in how they are achieved. Directives have direct effect, meaning individuals can rely on them in court if the state fails to properly implement them. Directives aim to harmonize laws across the EU in order to facilitate the functioning of the single market.
Directives and direct effect
Directives issued by the EU are binding on Member States and must be implemented within a strict time limit. Once implemented, individuals can rely on directives through direct effect. There are two types of direct effect: horizontal between citizens, and vertical against the state. Unimplemented directives can still be directly effective against emanations of the state like local authorities through vertical direct effect. Private companies are not considered emanations of the state so individuals cannot rely on unimplemented directives against them. National courts must interpret national law in line with directives whether implemented or not through the principle of indirect effect.
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Online Learning: Continuous Enhancement and Improvement
Online Learning: Continuous Enhancement and Improvement
Section 25 of the Matrimonial Causes Act 1973: Financial factors
Section 25 of the Matrimonial Causes Act 1973: Financial factors
Delegated Legislation Ao1 Catch Phrase
- 2. THE CHARACTER OF A STATUTORY INSTRUMENT:
- 7. THE CHARACTER OF A BYLAW:
- 10. THE CHARACTER OF AN ORDER IN COUNCIL: