define two modes of speciation and provide examples of eachSolut.pdf
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define two modes of speciation and provide examples of each Solution Speciation: A species is a group of organisms capable of interbreed and produce fertile offspring. Speciation is a process of evolution in biological population. Speciation gives distinct population over time. There are various mode of speciation as follows: 1. Allopatric speciation: Any geographic, climatic or anthropogenic barriers in population split the population in two or more. These populations evolve in own way to accumulate mutations leads to genetic divergence. Example: Isthmus of Panama 2. Peripatricspeciation: When a migrated population grow in a different ecology and adapts to that environment causes to form a sub-species is called Peripatric speciation speciation. Examples: organisms at oceanic island 3. Sympatric Speciation: When two or more species arises from a single parent species known as sympatric speciation within same geographic environment. Example: Nicaragua crater lake cichlid fishes evolves by Sympatric Speciation..
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Adaptive Radiations
TO FOLLOW THESE SLIDES you will learn about the adaptive radiations involve in evolution .
yo will learn about the parallel adaptations and its types
speciation role in the evolution
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Factors promote adaptive radiations
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Adaptive Radiations
TO FOLLOW THESE SLIDES you will learn about the adaptive radiations involve in evolution .
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climatological
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t can also happen when a colonizing species arrives at an island. (For instance the ancestor of the honeycreepers in Hawaii, or of Darwin's "finches" in the Galapagos)
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Is macroevolution simply “microevolution over very long periods of t.pdf
Is macroevolution simply “microevolution over very long periods of time?” What processes or
events become very important at the macroevolutionary scale, where the fossil record gives
evidence of different species, genera, families, and higher taxa replacing others?
Solution
It is not macroevolution simply “microevolution over very long periods of time but
microevolution is leading to macroevolution and speciation over very long periods of time.
\"Gradualism and the primacy of natural selection followed by Speciation and genome
reorganization due to genetic drift\" are the processes or events that become very important at the
macroevolutionary scale, where the fossil record gives evidence of different species, genera,
families, and higher taxa replacing others. For example, micro-evolutionary changes that
accumulate within two organisms of opposite sex may cause macro-evolutionary changes in the
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and is special enough to result in speciation; this is called “macroevolution.”
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“finches”, beaks, tortoises and coral reefs that are observable during a scientist’s lifetime provide
support for Darwin’s view that all life is connected in a branching pattern of phylogenetic tree.
According to Darwin, natural selection including genetic variations is leading to “branching
pattern” in the origin of species. He concluded in his lifetime microevolutionay observation base
on gradualism of species evolution with “branching interrelationships” among all living beings
by meticulous “metaphor of branching pattern” as described below.
Darwin’s theory of gradualism and evolution:
Darwin uses Gradualsim and he proposed that the gradual changes associated with variations of a
species through evolution to get adapted to the present ecosystem with no much transitional
forms. Human evolution based on the gradualism and their adaptations are extremely complex.
Initially in the gradualism, natural selection operates to obtain specific traits according to biome,
ecosystem because of large-scale events followed by formation of rivers, water availability and
habitat formation. Humans did not evolve from primates until just 7 million years ago; while life
appeared on earth 3.5 billion years ago. Humans are well adapted for the environment and
developed their adaptation features as per interspecific and intraspecific genetic variations. If the
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March and Humans would not appear until December 31.
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species and he explained the evolution of modern species over a long period from a common
ancestor base on morphological convergent & divergent features as explained below.
Descent with modification from a common ance.
SPECIATION_PoojaSoni.pptx
A biological species is a group of organisms that can reproduce with one another in nature and produce fertile offspring.
A species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity.
Comprising related organisms that share common characteristics and are capable of interbreeding.
Speciation is the process of formation of a new genetically independent group of organisms, called species, through the course of evolution.
The process of splitting of genetically homogenous population into two or more populations that undergo genetic differentiation and eventual reproductive isolation is called speciation.
The entire course of evolution depends upon the origin of new populations (species) that have greater adaptive efficiency than their ancestors.
Speciation is the process of formation of a new genetically independent group of organisms, called species, through the course of evolution.
The process of splitting of genetically homogenous population into two or more populations that undergo genetic differentiation and eventual reproductive isolation is called speciation.
The entire course of evolution depends upon the origin of new populations (species) that have greater adaptive efficiency than their ancestors.
Allopatric speciation is the mode of speciation in which the original population is divided into two by a geographical barrier resulting in reproductive isolation.
Allopatric speciation was presented by Mayr.
The individuals of these isolated populations cannot interbreed because of their physical isolation.
Physical barriers like vast expanses of ocean, high mountains, glaciers, deep river valleys, wide rivers or deserts, or a considerable distance due to a larger geographical range.
Peripatric speciation is a special condition of allopatric speciation which occurs when the size of the isolated subpopulation is small.
The small isolated subpopulation might carry some rare genes which upon reaching the new geographical region become fixed over the course of a few generations as a result of genetic drift.
The entire population of the new region ends up having these rare genes.
Parapatric speciation is a mode of speciation in which there is no extrinsic barrier between the population but, the large geographic range of the population causes the individuals to mate with the neighboring individuals than with the individuals in a different part of the geographical range.
In this case, the population is continuous, but the population doesn’t mate randomly.
Here, the genetic variation occurs as a result of reduced gene flow within the population and varying selection pressures across the population’s range.
Sympatric speciation is the process of the formation of new species from an original population that are not geographically isolated.
It is based on the establishment of new populations of a species in different ecological niches and the reproductive isolation of founders of the new population
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beginning to end. A crontab and an associated bash file that will delete all user\'s trash every
night at 10 p.m. I need to be able to attach both files to an email.
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Using rsync to make a backup
->Basics
->Using the --delete flag
->Be lazy: use cron
Incremental backups with rsync
->Review of hard links
->Using cp -al
->Putting it all together
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->Keep that disk on a separate machine
Making the backup as read-only as possible
->Bad: mount/unmount
->Better: mount read-only most of the time
->Tempting but it doesn\'t seem to work: the 2.4 kernel\'s mount --bind
->My solution: using NFS on localhost
Extensions: hourly, daily, and weekly snapshots
->Keep an extra script for each level
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Known bugs and problems
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I hope this could help your research .. this web helped me once.. :]
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Is macroevolution simply “microevolution over very long periods of t.pdf
Is macroevolution simply “microevolution over very long periods of time?” What processes or
events become very important at the macroevolutionary scale, where the fossil record gives
evidence of different species, genera, families, and higher taxa replacing others?
Solution
It is not macroevolution simply “microevolution over very long periods of time but
microevolution is leading to macroevolution and speciation over very long periods of time.
\"Gradualism and the primacy of natural selection followed by Speciation and genome
reorganization due to genetic drift\" are the processes or events that become very important at the
macroevolutionary scale, where the fossil record gives evidence of different species, genera,
families, and higher taxa replacing others. For example, micro-evolutionary changes that
accumulate within two organisms of opposite sex may cause macro-evolutionary changes in the
offspring produced by their mating. The offspring greatly varies genetically from their parents
and is special enough to result in speciation; this is called “macroevolution.”
In Darwin\'s theory, the microevolutionary changes observed in the phenotypic features of the
“finches”, beaks, tortoises and coral reefs that are observable during a scientist’s lifetime provide
support for Darwin’s view that all life is connected in a branching pattern of phylogenetic tree.
According to Darwin, natural selection including genetic variations is leading to “branching
pattern” in the origin of species. He concluded in his lifetime microevolutionay observation base
on gradualism of species evolution with “branching interrelationships” among all living beings
by meticulous “metaphor of branching pattern” as described below.
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SPECIATION_PoojaSoni.pptx
A biological species is a group of organisms that can reproduce with one another in nature and produce fertile offspring.
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Comprising related organisms that share common characteristics and are capable of interbreeding.
Speciation is the process of formation of a new genetically independent group of organisms, called species, through the course of evolution.
The process of splitting of genetically homogenous population into two or more populations that undergo genetic differentiation and eventual reproductive isolation is called speciation.
The entire course of evolution depends upon the origin of new populations (species) that have greater adaptive efficiency than their ancestors.
Speciation is the process of formation of a new genetically independent group of organisms, called species, through the course of evolution.
The process of splitting of genetically homogenous population into two or more populations that undergo genetic differentiation and eventual reproductive isolation is called speciation.
The entire course of evolution depends upon the origin of new populations (species) that have greater adaptive efficiency than their ancestors.
Allopatric speciation is the mode of speciation in which the original population is divided into two by a geographical barrier resulting in reproductive isolation.
Allopatric speciation was presented by Mayr.
The individuals of these isolated populations cannot interbreed because of their physical isolation.
Physical barriers like vast expanses of ocean, high mountains, glaciers, deep river valleys, wide rivers or deserts, or a considerable distance due to a larger geographical range.
Peripatric speciation is a special condition of allopatric speciation which occurs when the size of the isolated subpopulation is small.
The small isolated subpopulation might carry some rare genes which upon reaching the new geographical region become fixed over the course of a few generations as a result of genetic drift.
The entire population of the new region ends up having these rare genes.
Parapatric speciation is a mode of speciation in which there is no extrinsic barrier between the population but, the large geographic range of the population causes the individuals to mate with the neighboring individuals than with the individuals in a different part of the geographical range.
In this case, the population is continuous, but the population doesn’t mate randomly.
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Sympatric speciation is the process of the formation of new species from an original population that are not geographically isolated.
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I studied analysis in Japanese textbook. Though I know many theorems.pdf
I studied analysis in Japanese textbook. Though I know many theorems in analysis, I don\'t know
the names of the theorems in English. The theorem in the following is called \"Koubetusekibun
teiri\" in Japanese. If you know the name of the theorem in English, let me know. Note that it is
not of Lebesgue integral, but of RIemann integral.
Solution
Riemann dominated uniform convergence theorem.
I am in need of two separate files that I can save independently.pdf
I am in need of two \"separate\" files that I can save independently of each other written from
beginning to end. A crontab and an associated bash file that will delete all user\'s trash every
night at 10 p.m. I need to be able to attach both files to an email.
Solution
Using rsync to make a backup
->Basics
->Using the --delete flag
->Be lazy: use cron
Incremental backups with rsync
->Review of hard links
->Using cp -al
->Putting it all together
Isolating the backup from the rest of the system
->The easy (bad) way
->Keep it on a separate partition
->Keep that partition on a separate disk
->Keep that disk on a separate machine
Making the backup as read-only as possible
->Bad: mount/unmount
->Better: mount read-only most of the time
->Tempting but it doesn\'t seem to work: the 2.4 kernel\'s mount --bind
->My solution: using NFS on localhost
Extensions: hourly, daily, and weekly snapshots
->Keep an extra script for each level
->Run it all with cron
Known bugs and problems
->Maintaining Permissions and Owners in the snapshots
->mv updates timestamp bug
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Heat transfer QuestionGiven a too hot to taste spoonful of soup.pdf
Heat transfer Question:
Given a too hot to taste spoonful of soup. Will the soup temperature decrease faster (as compared
to forced convection), if it is allowed to cool solely under the effects of natural convection? yes ,
or no / why, or why not?
a) yes/ since the thermal conductivity of the soup is greater at higher temperatures
b) yes/ since the viscosity of the soup is lower at higher temperatures
c) no/ since the convective heat transfer coefficient of the air increases as the air velocity is
increased
d) no /since the specific heat of the air is greater as the air velocity increases
e) could be either yes or no depending upon the flow regime, as characterized by the Reynolds
Number b yes isme the wiscsity of the o.is lower at righe temera res cl no s1ncethe convastve he
transter costticient st the alr increases as the ar velccityis ncrease d; rolaih sa.ilit heal eathz air
acctvincoases
Solution
e)could be either yes or no depending upon the flow regime, as characterized by the reynolds
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Explain what it is that is used with a 9S12 processor to match a given interrupt request with its
corresponding ISR.
Solution
Each ISR have the some vector location in the memory. The interrupts are generated by the
hardware or software. The software interrupts are generated by programming, hardware
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The on-chip resources of the 9s12 (freescale) MCU are controlled and enhanced by numerous
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Pulse-Width Modulated (PWM) outputs on PortP,
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Duroc Jersey pigs are typically red, but a sandy variation is also s.pdf
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varieties of true-breeding sandy pigs were crossed to each other, they produced F1 offspring that
were red. When these F1 offspring were crossed to each other, they produced red, sandy, and
white pigs in a 9:6:1 ratio. Explain this pattern of inheritance in terms of number of genes, and
any allele or gene interactions.
Solution
The dihybrid ratio for Mendelian pattern of inheritance often shows some deviations owing to
epistasis. One of these ratio include the pattern of 9:6:1 ratio rather than normal 9:3:3:1. This
ratio can be attributed to presence of duplicate genes with cumulative effects. According to the
above example, it can be seen that parents are pure breeding red and sandy in color. However,
their offsprings appear in the form of red, sandy and peculiar white pigs in the ratio of 9:6:1
respectively.
Explanation: The data and observation suggest that the genes responsible for red color and sandy
color are duplicate in nature and cumulatively, they provide sandy color to the pigs. However,
absence of any of these alleles in either homozygous or heterozygous condition fails to generate
a coat color and a colorless white pig is reared. This also suggests that deviation of Mendelian
pattern of inheritance occures in this case owing to specific interactive behaviour of these two
genes for red and sandy coat colors. Failure of interaction of these two alleles results in white pig
whereas presence of both the alleles results in inter-allelic interaction and unexpectedly, a very
large number of sandy pigs are observed. Cumulatively, it can be deciphered that both the genes
are dominant over each other. These alleles produce a different phenotype when present alone
but produce a peculiar phenotype when present together due to inter-allelic interaction.
Importantly, it is not a case of simply additive behaviour of alleles because if it had been, a new
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Discuss the economic impact of technological sophistication.Solu.pdf
Discuss the economic impact of technological sophistication.
Solution
Economic impact of technological sophistication
In past few decades, a rapid rowing literature has emerged, arguing that a key aspect of economic
development and the growth process is an increase in the sophistication” of a countrys
production,
In export sophistication over the past years in low income countries and middle income countries
. In particular, it describes differences in the performance of different geographical regions, as
well as between natural-resource–rich and other economies.
Sophistication In information technology
In IT sector , There was a immense change and rapid growth of technology. From past two
decades, Internet was commercialized nearly 18 years ago and now we are moving a bit faster
than those old days
Advancements in fiber optic s have also played a vital role in IT revolution. Fiber optics enables
data rates, including voices in digital form, to be converted into tiny pulses of light and then
transmitted at high speeds through glass fibers wrapped into large capacity telecommunication
cables. Hundreds of thousands of miles of these cables were installed over the past ten years,
boosting the speed and capacity of telecommunications networks.
Sophistication In Government sector:
The IT sector emerged some rapid changes in the government sector such as e-government, can
enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of government services. E-government can also help
achieve other important goals of good governance, such as transparency and reliability. Access
to official information is critical to ensuring that governments are accountable to citizens—that
they are responsive to citizens and that they are doing what they are obligated to do under law.
Sophistication InExports and manufacturing Industry
China had become relatively sophisticated in manufacturing, whereas India produced relatively
sophisticated services, even controlling for income levels. composition of service exports moved
away from traditional activities to modern activities like business services and computer
services. As a result, service export sophistication grew relatively fast in India.
Sophistication In Education :
IT improves educational opportunities by enabling educators and students to overcome barriers
of distance and by enhancing the content of instructional materials. The use of IT to deliver
lessons or training from instructors in one location to students in another is called \"distance
learning.\" Distance learning has been around for a long time. For many years people have
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people have watched educational programming on public televisions channels. Most colleges and
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development is the rise of Coursera, which offers free online courses from elite universities, such
as MIT and Harvard.
Describe in detail the specimen of a potato with a drop of iodine in.pdf
Describe in detail the specimen of a potato with a drop of iodine in comparison with a potatoe
with just a drop of water under the microscope.
Solution
Answer:
Starch (a carbohydrate) can be identified by a positive iodine test. Few drops of iodine solution
are added to a raw or boiled sample of the substance suspected of containing starch. If starch is
present, the substance will turn blue-black in the area where the iodine solution touches it.
Substances with very small amounts of starch will turn faint blue or greenish instead of blue-
black. Many materials of biological origin have high starch content. These materials can be
identified with the iodine test.
The sample specimen with potato and a drop of iodine will turn blue black concluding for the
presence of large amount of starch.
The sample specimen with potato and a drop of water will not undergo a change in colour..
computer math Use the following to answer questions 1-2 In the q.pdf
computer math Use the following to answer questions 1-2: In the questions below means \"r +2y
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2. P(1,-1) A) True B) False
Solution
2) True
Given that
p(x,y) is x + 2y = xy
p(1,-1) is 1 + 2.(-1) = 1.(-1)
1 - 2 = -1
-1 = -1
Hence ,
p(1,-1) is true.
CASe Stic ato wad duun SolutionAggregates used in this method a.pdf
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Aggregates used in this method are chemically inert. Visually they look in reddish yellow colour.
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Write MatLAb code that would produce the following printSolution.pdf
Write MatLAb code that would produce the following print:
Solution
rgb = imread(\'coloredChips.png\'); figure imshow(rgb) d = imdistline; delete(d);
gray_image = rgb2gray(rgb); imshow(gray_image); [centers, radii] = imfindcircles(rgb,[20
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Why do rays run radially in a woody stem?
How would wood produced in a dry year differ from wood produced in a wet year?
What is dendrochronology?
Solution
Dear student,
Wood produced in dry year:
Is just brought on by serpula lacrymans and is the most genuine type of parasitic rot in a
building. It can spread onto and crush a great part of the timber. Signs for dry decay:
Particular mushroom smell
White contagious development with yellow and lilac tinges
Profound splits show up inside the wood
Both delicate and hardwoods can be harmed
Wood produced in wet year:
Happens all the more every now and again, yet is less genuine; rot is normally bound to the
range where timber has gotten to be and stays wet. Indications of wet decay :
Mutilation, discolouration, non-abrasiveness and breaking
Loss of quality to the timber
Noticeable contagious development – this may now and again happen
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branches to frame a mass of hyphal strings called mycelium.
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on the wood surface and the capacity of the organism to spread into different timbers by means
of nearby brick work. It is imperative that the two sorts of rot be recognized since they require
distinctive treatment.
Part3
Dendrochronology is the investigation of environmental change as recorded by tree development
rings. Every year, trees include a layer of development between the more established wood and
the bark. This layer, or ring as found in cross segment, can be wide, recording a wet season, or
thin, recording a dry developing season. Since the rings are essentially recording a decent
developing season or a terrible developing season, they are in a roundabout way recording more
than just dampness. They likewise record temperature and overcast cover as they effect tree
development too. This record of yearly summer data is imperative when you consider that
specific sorts of trees develop gradually over several years, and subsequently contain a record of
the same number of years of atmosphere and environmental change..
Write a java program that reads a number N as input and displays the.pdf
Write a java program that reads a number N as input and displays the following output using
stacks with parameters. Example o Input: Enter N: o Output: 5
Solution
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
public class Stacks {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
// used variables
BufferedReader reader;
String input,outerSpaces,innerSpaces;
Integer number;
// taking input
System.out.print(\"Enter N : \");
reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
input = reader.readLine();
number = Integer.parseInt(input);
// printing upper stack
for(int i=1;i0;i--){
outerSpaces = getOuterSpaces(i);
innerSpaces = getInnerSpaces(number, i);
System.out.print(outerSpaces);
System.out.print(i);
System.out.print(innerSpaces);
if(i != number){
System.out.print(i);
}
System.out.print(outerSpaces);
System.out.println();
}
}
public static String getOuterSpaces(int offset){
StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer(\"\");
for(int i=0;i.
Why is the DNA fragment amplified with Phusion DNA into pGEM-T plasmi.pdf
Why is the DNA fragment amplified with Phusion DNA into pGEM-T plasmids? The colorless
E. coli colonies in our experiment contain the recombinant pGEM-T/GFPuv plasmid. Some of
the colonies emit green fluorescence whereas others don\'t when they are irradiated with long
wave UV. light. Explain Why.
Solution
1) Phusion DNA Polymerase enzyme is a proof-reading polymerase, with extreme specificity.
The enzyme provides robust amplification. Since it is a proof-reading enzyme, Phusion DNA
Polymerase creates blunt ends in the DNA fragment, because of which it cannot be directly
cloned into the plasmid.
2) GFPuv ,the green fluorescent protein, exhibits structural polymorphism. Onlyproper
conformationproduces fluorescence. Some colonies emitted fluorescence, because the GFPuv in
them is in proper conformation while in colonies which did not emit fluorescence, the protein
was not in a proper conformation..
Which of these is a function of the skeletal system communication s.pdf
Which of these is a function of the skeletal system? communication system creation of the
structural framework within soft organs of the body storage site for calcium removal of old or
damaged blood cells
Solution
Answer:
storage site of calcium
Explanation:
The followings are the function of the skeletal system:
1. Support: Provides structural support for the entire body
2. Protection: Surrounds soft tissue- ex. ribs and sternum protect the heart and lungs, - skull
protects the brain
3. Movement: Skeletal muscle is attached to bone so it pulls on the bone when it contracts
4. Mineral homeostasis: Stores calcium and phosphorus--minerals are released into the blood
when needed.
5. Blood cell production: Red bone marrow produces red blood cells, white blood cells and other
blood elements
6. Storage: Storage of minerals and lipids(fats)---yellow marrow stores fat --(found in long
bones).
what is transport layer what are the typical attacks in transport l.pdf
what is transport layer? what are the typical attacks in transport layer? what are the controls that
are employed in the layer to minimize the attack or vulnerability that leads to the attack? cite
references
Solution
Transport Layer:-
In computer networking, the transport layer is a conceptual division of methods in the layered
architecture of protocols in the network stack in the Internet Protocol Suite and the Open
Systems Interconnection (OSI). The protocols of the layerprovide host-to-host communication
services for applications.
Typical attacks in transport layer:-
1. SESSION HIJACKING: Session Hijacking is commonly known as TCP session Hijacking is a
way of taking over a secure/ unsecure web user session by secretly obtaining user’s session ID
and pretending to be the authorized user for accessing the data. How it works and types: Session
hijacking works by taking advantage of the fact that most communications are protected (by
providing credentials) at session setup, but not thereafter. These attacks generally fall into three
categories: Man-in-the-middle (MITM), Blind Hijack, and Session Theft. In MITM attacks, an
attacker intercepts all communications between two hosts. With communications between a
client and server now flowing through the attacker, he or she is free to modify their content.
Protocols that rely on the exchange of public keys to protect communications are often the target
of these types of attacks. In blind hijacking, an attacker injects data such as malicious commands
into intercepted communications between two hosts commands like “net.exe local group
administrators /add Evil Attacker”. This is called blind hijacking because the attacker can only
inject data into the communications stream; he or she cannot see the response to that data (such
as “The command completed successfully.”) Essentially, the blind hijack attacker is shooting
data in the dark, but as you will see shortly, this method of hijacking is still very effective. In a
session theft attack, the attacker neither intercepts nor injects data into existing communications
between two hosts. Instead, the attacker creates new sessions or uses old ones. This type of
session hijacking is most common at the application level, especially Web applications. Main
features are: -URL (Uniform resource locator) -Cookies -Session ID The cookies stores the
previous records of the users and the URL logs can give the current visited site, a hacker take
benefits from it and hacks user’s session ID through it, after doing that it pretends to be the
authorized user and accesses the data. A cookie usually is a piece of text sent by a server to the
web client and sent back unchanged by the client, each time it access the data. 1.1 Methods used
to perform session hijacking: 1.1.1IP Spoofing: It basically means taking identity of someone
else to perform some task, in this the attacker pretends to be the authorized user and access some
confidential information, not only this, the.
Which monetary aggregate would you expect the Federal Reserve to hav.pdf
Which monetary aggregate would you expect the Federal Reserve to have the greatest control.
Explain.
Solution
Fed controls the money supply in the economy, by expanding money supply during recession
and contracting money supply during uncontrolled expansion (that leads to inflation).
In this context, Fed has highest control over M0 which is notes and coins in circulation. That\'s
because M0 is the most liquid form of monetary aggregate which Fed can directly control.
Starting from M1, other modes of savings are added to the aggregate, reducing their liquidity,
and Fed has no direct control over how individuals or firms save their money..
wavelet decomposition process code in matlabSolution WAVE.pdf
wavelet decomposition process code in matlab???
Solution
WAVELET DECOMPOSITION PROCESS :-
function [coef,scf]=mywavedec2(x,N, wname)
coef={cA_N;cV_N;cH_N;cD_N;cV_N-1;cH_N-1;cD_N-1;… …;cV_1;cH_1;cD_1}
[Lo_D,Hi_D] = wfilters(wname,\'d\');
lf=length(Lo_D); imshow(x);title(\'Original Image\');
[r,c]=size(x);
xlabel([\'Size : \',num2str(r),\'*\',num2str(c)]);
xd=double(x);
[rx,cx]=size(x);
[o2sa,f1sa,rsx]=sizcoef([rx,cx],lf,N); a=[o2sa,f1sa,rsx]
coef=[]; scf=[rx,cx];
for i=1:N
[cA,cV,cH,cD]=mydwt2(xd,Lo_D,Hi_D);
xd=cA;
outmp={cV;cH;cD};
scf=[size(cV);scf];
coef=[outmp;coef];
end
coef=[cA;coef];
scf=[size(cA);scf];
plotcoef(N,wname,coef);
subplot(N+1,3,2);
yt=uint8(coef{1});
[yrow,ycol]=size(yt);
imshow(yt);title( [\'Approximation A\',num2str(N)]);
xlabel([\'Size : \',num2str(yrow),\'*\',num2str(ycol)]);
titllist={[\'Vertical Detail V\'];[\'Horizontal Detail H\'];
[\'Diagonal Detail D\']};
pn=2;
for pr=1:N
for pc=1:3
subplot(N+1,3,pn+2);
yt=[ ];
yt=uint8(coef{pn});
[yrow,ycol]=size(yt);
imshow(yt);title([ titllist{pc},num2str(N-pr+1)]);
xlabel([\'Size : \',num2str(yrow),\'*\',num2str(ycol)]);
if mod(pn+2,3)==1
ylabel([\'Level \',num2str(N-pr+1)]);
end
pn=pn+1;
end
end
function [o2sa,f1sa,rsx]=sizcoef(sx,lf,N)^4
o2sa=sx;
f1sa=[0 0];
osx=sx;
for i=1:N
ot=osx+lf-1;
sa=floor(ot/2);
o2sa=[o2sa;ot];
f1sa=[f1sa;sa];
osx=sa;
end
rsx=zeros(N+1,2);
rsx(1,:)=sx;
addln=0;
for j=2:N+1
aln=floor((addln+lf-1)/2);
tsx=f1sa(j,:)-aln;
rsx(j,:)=tsx;
addln=aln;
end
function y=downspl(x)
N=length(x);
M=floor(N/2);
i=1:M;
y(i)=x(2*i).
What happens if a red hot inoculation loop plunges into the nutrient .pdf
What happens if a red hot inoculation loop plunges into the nutrient media? Name the type(s) of
culture used to make your cultures of two unknown specimens. For inoculating into a liquid
media, what is the most appropriate transfer (inoculation) tool? For inoculating into a solid
media, what is the most appropriate transfer (inoculation) tool? Describe & sketch the
appearance of growth on nutrient agar slant.
Solution
1. what happens when red hot inoculation loop plunges into nutrient media ?
ANSWER - An aerosol may be created, releasing bacteria in to the air .an aerosol release within
the laboratory can pose an infection risk, which may not be immediately recognized and may
affect all users of the laboratory .
2. name the culture used to make your cultures of two unknown specimens ?
ANSWER - USE OF SELECTIVE AND DIFFERENTIAL MEDIA
Differential medium types are those that distinguish microorganisms from one another based on
growth characteristics evident when grown on specific medium types. Organisms with differing
growth characteristics typically show visible differences in growth when placed on differential
media. Examples include blood agar, Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) agar, Mannitol Salt agar, and
MacConkey agar.
Selective medium types are formulated to support the growth of one group of organisms, but
inhibit the growth of another. These media contain antimicrobials, dyes, or alcohol to inhibit the
growth of the organisms not targeted for study. Selective medium types include EMB agar,
Mannitol Salt agar, MacConkey agar, and Phenylethyl Alcohol (PEA) agar.
3. For inoculating in to liquid media what is the most appropriate transfer tool ?
ANSWER - Inoculating Loop , as the loop can hold a drop of liquid .
4. For inoculating in to solid media what is the most appropriate transfer tool ?
ANSWER - same , inoculating loop .
5. Describe the appearance of growth on nutrient agar slant ?
ANSWER - Cultures are often transferred to agar slants, in addition to broth tubes and agar
plates. An agar slant is a test tube containing agar, in which the solid agar forms a slant in the test
tube. When inoculating an agar slant, draw the loop containing the inoculum very lightly over
the surface in a zigzag formation while being careful not to break the surface. A needle can be
used instead of a loop to inoculate an agar slant by stabbing the needle containing the inoculum
into the agar ..
What are speaking notes Have you used speaking notes before What wo.pdf
What are speaking notes? Have you used speaking notes before? What works? What doesn\'t?
Solution
Speaker Notes – Meaning:
Speaker Notes is a tool / feature offered by power point presentation to allow presenter to add
reminder on what the presenter presents when a presentation is done using power point software.
Speaker Notes will be available on presenter\'s screen only and will not be visible on the
presentation shown to the viewers and can be added to all slides of the power point presentation
by the presenter. (Person who prepares and presents power point presentation).
Speaker Notes - How to insert?
Speaker Notes will appear at the bottom of each slide of the power point presentation if added by
the presenter. To insert Speaker Notes in a slide, presenter must click on \"Notes\" tab that
appears at the bottom of respective slide and add required notes on the pop-window that appears
at the bottom of respective slide on the screen. After completing the notes, presenter can click
anywhere on the slide other than on pop-up window to complete the notes and continue using
other slides. Notes added will appear constantly without being hidden always for presenter\'s
easy reference.
What works? What doesn\'t?
I\'ve made a power point presentation at my college during a seminar. Speaker Notes on power
point presentation done by me was very much helpful whenever I needed sudden references to
improve the presentation\'s quality. However, as the notes were appearing as low font and each
slide contained different notes applicable to respective slide, my presentation was affected due to
oversight in one or two instances. That is, referring to another slide\'s notes visually but tried
delivering current slide\'s presentation as a virtual image and the presentation was collapsed for a
while..
There are five components of internal control1) Control environme.pdf
There are five components of internal control:
1) Control environment
2) Risk assessment
3) Control activities
4) Information and communication system
5) Monitoring processes.
In your own words explain the purpose of internal controls. Then select one of the components
shown above and explain the role it plays in protecting the assets of the business. Many of these
activities can be observed in the workplace both inside and outside of the accounting department.
Please share any work experiences you may have had with these activities or any that you have
observed in other businesses, even if they are not in the accounting department. Be sure to
provide a reference for any material used from a source.
Solution
Internal Control Purpose -
It support business by provide an idea to employees and other personnel’s regarding the aspect,
objective of business. Due to the internal control the stake holders will be get facilitated that the
business transactions are recorded properly and there is no any under reporting or none reporting
of transactions. The consumers also preferred those organizations which have proper internal
control, as it helps consumers in understanding organisation.
Control Activities
The control activities led down policies and procedures to be followed by personnel’s so that
there will not be any misuse of assets of the organization. There should be proper backup as per
control over any event of loss of data due to any unfortunate event. The control activities ensure
that the applications and network are safeguarded from any threat as part of internal control.
Internal control ensure that control activities must have business continuity plan..
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