This presentation is on different deficiency symptoms of different element in plants.

1. DEFICIENCY OF ESSENTIAL
ELEMENTS IN DIFFERENT CROP
School of Agriculture
GIET University, Gunupur, Odisha765 022

5. NITROGEN
DEFICIENCY
N-Deficiency Symptoms
and its Management

6. Function:
From all the essential nutrient Nitrogen is required by the
plant in large amount.
• Important in the growth and development of vital plant
tissues and cells.
• Help to hold genetic code in the plant nutrient.
• Give the plant their green color.
• Presence in the protein and in purine and pyrimidines of
DNA and RNA

7. N-Deficiency Symptoms
The chlorophyll content of plant leaves is reduced.
Flower, fruiting, protein and starch contents are reduced.
Toxicity
1.Dark green leaves and foliage.
2.Leaves tip may turn down
3.Yellowing on the affected leaves
4.Claw leaves will eventually start turning yellow, getting spots
and dying
Mobility
•Nitrogen is mobility nutrient
•Deficiency appear on older leaves

8. N-Deficiency Symptom in Rice
N-Deficiency Symptom in Wheat
Chlorosis in Rice

9. N-Deficiency Symptom in Maize
N-Deficiency Symptom in
Barley
N-Deficiency Symptom
in Millet
Chlorosis in Maize

10. N-Deficiency Symptom in Beans
N-Deficiency Symptoms in
Chickpea
Chlorosis in Chick Pea

11. N- Deficiency Symptom in Lentil
N- Deficiency Symptom in Peas
Chlorosis in pea

12. N- Deficiency Symptom in Groundnut
N- Deficiency Symptom in Mustard

13. N-Deficiency Symptom in Soyabean
N-Deficiency Symptom in Sunflower

14. N-Deficiency Symptom in Tomato
Chlorosis in
Tomato

15. N-Deficiency Symptom in Potato
N-Deficiency Symptom in Onion

16. N-Deficiency Symptom in Carrot
N-Deficiency Symptom in Brinjal

17. N-Deficiency Symptom in Cauliflower
Chlorosis in Cauliflower

18. How to Fix a Nitrogen Deficiency in Plants
• Treat plants with a food rich in nitrogen.
• Use an organic fertilizer or nitrate of soda.
• Increase pH for better root absorption of nitrogen.
• Increase nutrient levels with regular spring
• feedings.
• Use liquid plant foods.
• Mulch the soil.
• Use a fertilizer rich in nitrogen.

19. DEFICIENCY SYMPTOMS OF
PHOSPHORUS IN DIFFERENT CROPS

20. P-Deficiency Symptom in Maize
P-Deficiency
Symptom in Rapeseed
P-Deficiency
Symptom in Cannabis

21. P-Deficiency Symptom in
Pepper
P-Deficiency Symptom
in Ivy Gourd
P-Deficiency Symptom in Guava
Purple Discolouration in Pepper
Purple discolouration in Guava

22. P-Deficiency Symptom in Tomato
P-Deficiency Symptom in Apple
Purple discolouration in Tomato

23. P-Deficiency Symptom in
Cucumber
P-Deficiency
Symptom in Peach
P-Deficiency Symptom in
Radish
Purple discolouration in Peach

24. P-Deficiency
Symptom in Grapes
P-Deficiency Symptom in Walnut
P-Deficiency Symptom
in Pineapple
P-Deficiency
Symptom in Barley
Purple discolouration in Barley

25. P-Deficiency Symptom in
Cotton
P-Deficiency
Symptom in Rice
Purple discolouration in Rice
Purple discolouration in
Cotton

26. Management of P-Deficiency
• Correction and prevention of phosphorus deficiency typically
involves increasing the levels of available phosphorus into the
soil.
• Check the root zone moisture. P deficiency can by also caused
by too wet root zone - give less water or extend the intervals
between watering.
• Examine the pH of the root-zone – for most standard crops pH
in the root-zone should be around 5-7.
• Mycorrhizal symbioses, have been found to increase nutrient
intake.
• Use of water soluble phosphatic fertilizer like- Single Super
phosphate (SSP)- 16-18 % P2O5, Triple super phosphate (TSP)
– 46-48 % P2O5, Double super phosphate (DSP)- 32% P2O5,
Di-Ammonium phosphate (DAP)- 18%N and 46% P containing
dicalcium phosphate.

27. • Apply manure e.g. well decomposed compost manure made
from plants. Apply 12.5 tones/Ha at least five weeks before
planting maize. This can be achieved by applying an equivalent
of 20 L tin of manure (16-18 Kg) by broadcasting every 8
meters/steps. If manure is not adequate, apply 2 handfuls (0.5-
1.5 kg) per planting station and mix with the soil before planting.
• Preventive measures like using varieties efficient at mining
phosphorus from soil, ensuring balanced fertilization,
incorporate plant residue into the soil, use of integrated
approaches.

28. Deficiency Symptoms of
Potassium in Different Crops

29. K-Deficiency
Symptom in Apple
K-Deficiency
Symptom in Tomato
K-Deficiency Symptom in Coffee
Scorching & browning in Coffee
Scorching & browning in Apple

30. K-Deficiency Symptom in
Banana
K-Deficiency Symptom in
Cotton
K-Deficiency
Symptom in Chilly
Scorching & browning in
Chilly

31. K-Deficiency Symptom in
Bell Pepper K-Deficiency
Symptom in
Onion
K-Deficiency Symptom in
Groundnut

32. K-Deficiency Symptom in
Potato
K-Deficiency
Symptom in Citrus
K-Deficiency Symptom
in Rapeseed & Mustard
Scorching & browning in mustard

33. K-Deficiency Symptom in Soyabean
K-Deficiency Symptom in Sunflower
Scorching & browning in
Sunflower

34. Management of K-Deficiency
 To correct a deficiency, spread organic mulch beneath plants and apply potassium fertilizer,
preferably slow-release forms such as potassium silicate or sulfur- or polymer-coated potassium
products. Potassium sulfate may be used, and potassium will be held by organic matter and clay
particles.
 If you suspect your plants are suffering from a nutrient deficiency, perform a soil test
on a soil sample. The results will help you determine the ideal soil solution or fertilizer
program.
 The most widely used potassium fertilizer is potassium chloride (muriate of potash).[6]
Other inorganic potassium fertilizers include potassium nitrate, potassium sulfate, and
monopotassium phosphate. Wood ash also has high potassium content but must be
used cautiously due its effect on pH level.
 Liming acidic soils can increase potassium retention in some soils by reducing
leaching; practices that increase soil organic matter can also increase potassium
retention.

35. Deficiency Symptoms of Calcium
in Different Crops

37. • On young plants, leaf tips stick to the next lower leaf.
creating a ladder-like appearance
• Plants may be severely stunted Tips of the shoots die, tips
of young leaves die, tips of leaves are hooked-shaped
• Blossom end rot in tomatoes
• Bitter pit in apples
Ca-Deficiency Symptoms

38. Ca-Deficiency Symptom in Rice
Ca-Deficiency Symptom in Wheat

39. Ca-Deficiency Symptom in
Maize Ca-Deficiency
Symptom in
Chickpea
Ca-Deficiency Symptom in
Sorghum

40. Ca-Deficiency
Symptom in
Sunflower
Ca-Deficiency Symptom in Rapeseed
Ca-Deficiency Symptom in
Cowpea

41. Ca-Deficiency Symptom in
Mustard
Ca-Deficiency Symptom
in Castor
Ca-Deficiency
Symptom in Sesame
Crinkled leaf of sesame

42. Ca-Deficiency Symptom in
Groundnut
Ca-Deficiency Symptom in
Tomato
Ca-Deficiency
Symptom in Brinjal
Blossom End Rot in Tomato

43. Management of Ca-Deficiency
• Use soil fertilizers containing calcium (Ca).
• Examples: Calcium nitrate, lime, gypsum.
• Consult your agricultural advisor to know the best product and
dosage for your soil and crop.
Further recommendations:
• It is recommended to do a soil test before the start of the
cropping season to optimize your crop production.
• Soluble calcium nitrate is a foliar spray for existing deficiency.
• When using calcium chloride, do not spray if the temperature is
over 30°C.
• During field preparation, use lime if the soil pH is acidic and
use gypsum if the soil pH is alkaline. Liming can be performed
two to four months before planting.

44. Organic control
• For small farmers or gardeners, crushed eggshells
ground very finely and mixed with a weak acid (vinegar)
can be used. Alternatively, apply calcium- rich
substances such as algal limestone, basalt flour, burnt
lime, dolomite, gypsum, and slag lime.
• Organic matter in the form of manure or compost can be
added to the soil in order to improve its moisture-
retaining capacity.

45. Deficiency Symptoms of
Magnesium in Different crops

46. Mg-Deficiency Symptoms
• Magnesium deficiency is first seen as yellow to white
interveinal striping of the lower corn leaves.
• Dead round spot sometimes follow which give the
Impression of beaded streaking .
• Older leaves become reddish purple and the tips and
edges may become necrotic if the deficiency is severe.
• Yellowing between leaf veins sometimes with reddish
brown tints and early leaf fall.
• Stunted cloth of the plant.

47. Cabbage Tomato Cowpea
Potato Onion
Mg-Deficiency Symptoms in:
Chilly
Interveinal Chlorosis in Tomato Interveinal Chlorosis in cowpea
Interveinal Chlorosis in Potato Interveinal Chlorosis in Chilly

48. Cauliflower Red gram Cucumber
Broccoli Bean Brinjal
Mg-Deficiency Symptoms in:
Interveinal Chlorosis in
cucumber
Interveinal Chlorosis in Bean
Interveinal Chlorosis in Broccoli

49. Soya bean
Bitter gourd Cotton
Wheat Rice Maize
Mg-Deficiency Symptoms in:
Interveinal Chlorosis in
Cotton
Interveinal Chlorosis in
Bitter gourd

50. Grapes Apple Banana
Citrus Lemon Guava
Mg-Deficiency Symptoms in:
Interveinal Chlorosis in Citrus
Interveinal Chlorosis in
Lemon Interveinal Chlorosis in Guava

51. Management of Mg-Deficiency
• Provide adequate amount of magnesium in plant.
• Proper irrigation.
• Magnesium chelate is use to prevent a shortage of
magnesium.
• Magnesium deficiency may be corrected by
incorporation of magnesium oxide or dolomitic lime in
acid soil @20-50 kg / ha.
• Epsom salt dissolve in water and sprayed onto foliage
and applied around the root will cure magnesium
deficiency.

52. Deficiency Symptoms of Sulphur
in Different crops

53. The role of sulphur in crops
❏ Sulphur (S) is an essential element in forming proteins, enzymes,
vitamins, and chlorophyll in plants. It is crucial in nodule
development and efficient nitrogen fixation in legumes.
❏ Protein synthesis requires large amounts of sulphur, especially in the
formation of oils within the seed, and sulphur is a constituent of
several amino acids and vitamins found in both plants and animals.
Thus, sulphur is an important factor in determining the nutritional
quality of foods.
❏ Sulphur is also important in photosynthesis and contributes to crop
winter hardiness. An adequate supply of sulphur is very important, not
only for crops with high sulfur requirements - such as legumes
(alfalfa, clover, soybean etc.) and Cruciferae (canola, rapeseed) - but
also for crops with high nitrogen requirement (corn, cotton), which
without sulphur cannot optimize their utilization of nitrogen.

55. S-Deficiency Symptom in
Banana
S-Deficiency
Symptom in Black
gram
S-Deficiency Symptom in
Coconut
Curling of leaves in Banana
Cupping of leaves in
Black gram
Plant growth arrest in
Coconut

56. S-Deficiency Symptom in
Groundnut
S-Deficiency
Symptom in Rice
S-Deficiency Symptom in
Tea
Tea Yellow Disease in tea

57. S-Deficiency Symptom in Soyabean
S-Deficiency Symptom in Rapeseed & Mustard
Cupping of leaves in
Mustard

58. S-Deficiency Symptom in Tobacco
Curling of leaves in Tobacco

59. Management of S-Deficiency:
● A soil test for S can be very useful to determine if S fertilizer is required. Ensure that
samples are taken separately from the 0 to 6, 6 to 12 and 12 to 24 inch depths to
determine the level of S at various depths.
● The maximum safe rate of SO4-S that can be applied with the seed for cereal crops with
a 10% seed-bed utilization (SBU) is 25 to 30 kg/ha (23 to 27 lb/ac) of SO4-S –
assuming phosphate fertilizer is also seed-placed, and depending on soil moisture
conditions and the opener used.
● For oilseed crops, the seed-placed SO4-S rate should not exceed 10 kg/ha (9 lb/ac) when
a seeding implement that places the seed and fertilizer in a narrow band (10% SBU) is
used – assuming phosphate fertilizer is also seed placed.
● For peas, seed-placed P2O5 rates should not exceed 20 to 25 kg/ha (18 to 23 lb/ac),
especially when using a seeding implement that places the seed and fertilizer in a
narrow band (10% SBU).

60. Deficiency Symptoms of Iron in
Different Crops

61. Function of iron
1. In plants, iron is involved in synthesizing chlorophyll, which is essential for
maintaining chloroplast structure and function.
2. Bioavailability of iron in cultivated soils is low. Plants and microorganisms have
thus evolved active strategies of iron uptake based on acidification, chelation,
and/or reduction processes.
3. Plant roots absorb Fe from the soil solution most readily as (ferrous) Fe2+ but in
some cases also as (ferric) Fe3+ ions. The chemical nature of Fe allows it to
play an essential role in oxidation and reduction reactions, respiration,
photosynthesis, and enzyme reactions.

62. Fe-Deficiency Symptoms
1. Iron (Fe) deficiency is a plant disorder also known as "lime-induced chlorosis".
It can be confused with manganese deficiency. Soil iron concentration is high,
but can become unavailable for absorption if soil pH is higher than 6.5. Excess
of elements such as manganese in the soil can interfere with plant iron uptake
triggering iron deficiency.
2. Iron is needed to produce chlorophyll, hence its deficiency causes chlorosis.
3. Yellowing (Chlorosis) occurs in the newly emerging leaves instead of the older
leaves and is usually seen in the interveinal region Fruit would be of poor
quality and quantity. Chlorosis occurs in younger leaves because iron is not a
mobile element, and as such, the younger leaves cannot draw iron from other
areas of the plant. Over time, the yellowing may even turn a pale white or the
whole leaf may be affected.
4. Iron-deficient plants may over-accumulate heavy metals such as cadmium.
Any plant may be affected, but raspberries and pears are particularly
susceptible, as well as most acid-loving plants such as azaleas and camellias.

63. Fe-Deficiency
Symptom in Maize
Fe-Deficiency
Symptom in Citrus
Fe-Deficiency Symptom in Wheat
Interveinal Chlorosis in
younger leaves
Interveinal Chlorosis in younger
leaves

64. Fe-Deficiency Symptom in Peas
Fe-Deficiency Symptom in Black gram and
Green gram

65. Fe-Deficiency Symptom in
Turmeric
Fe-Deficiency Symptom in
Cucumber
Fe-Deficiency
Symptom in Peanut
Interveinal Chlorosis in
younger leaves
Interveinal Chlorosis in
younger leaves

66. Fe-Deficiency Symptom in
Rice
Fe-Deficiency Symptom in
Pigeon Pea & Beans
Fe-Deficiency
Symptom in Grapes
Fe-Deficiency
Symptom in Roses
Interveinal Chlorosis in younger
leaves of Roses
Interveinal Chlorosis in
younger leaves in Pea
Akoichi in Rice
Interveinal Chlorosis in
younger leaves in Bean

67. Management of Iron deficiency
Apply iron fertilizer to the soil
 Chelated iron fertilizers, in which the iron is combined with an organic chemical
called a chelate that helps keep the iron in a plant-available form, are most
appropriate for application to the soil. Fertilizing high-pH soils with non-chelated iron
fertilizer such as ferrous sulfate (FeSO4.2H2O) is not recommended. because this
iron will not be available to plants. Chelated iron fertilizers include Fe-DTPA, Fe-
EDDHA, and Fe-EDTA.
 Powdered or granular chelated iron is the best option for soil amendment. Sprinkle it
around the root zone of the plant according to package instructions. Phosphorus
overload can contribute to iron chlorosis, so if your supplement also contains
fertilizer, make sure it’s phosphorus free.

68. Management of iron deficiency
Alkaline Soil:
• When soil pH gets above 7 or so, many plants are unable to absorb iron as well. This
sometimes happens accidentally when gardeners over-apply lime around acid-loving
plants. Correcting the soil pH will improve nutrient uptake and may be all the fix you
need .
• Application of Ferrous Sulphate (30 kg Fe ha-1)in the field Foliar applications of
Ferrous Sulphate solution (2-3%) .

69. Deficiency Symptoms of Manganese
in Different Crops

70. •Manganese (chemical symbol Mn) deficiency occurs in a wide
range of crops with onions, beetroot, parsnip, cabbage,
cauliflower, tomato and pumpkin the most susceptible.
•The most common symptom is for leaves to turn pale green
between the veins, with normal coloured areas next to the
veins. As the deficiency progresses, the area between the veins
becomes paler, enlarges and may brown and die.
•Specific symptoms may first appear on the youngest or oldest
leaves and vary from species to species.
Mn-Deficiency Symptoms

71. Mn-Deficiency Symptoms
Tung-Oil Tree (Aleurites fordii)

72. Camphor Tree
Golden Shower Gardenia
Cuban Laurel Ixora
Orchid Tree
Mn-Deficiency Symptoms in:

73. Jasmine
New leaf of Lady
Palm Groundnut plant
Sago Palm Silverberry plant Petunia
Mn-Deficiency Symptoms in:

74. Management of Mn-Deficiency
• Manganese deficiency is controlled by using
manganese sulphate (MnSO4 .7H2O) as a soil
applicant or a foliage spray.
• Chelated forms of manganese can also be used as a
foliar spray although this treatment is more expensive.

75. Deficiency Symptoms of Copper
in different crops

76. Cu-Deficiency Symptoms
• Common risk factors for copper deficiency are foregut
surgery, dietary deficiency, enteropathies with malabsorption,
and prolonged intravenous nutrition (total parenteral
nutrition).
• In most plants, young foliage is severely stunted as well as
chlorotic. Deficient foliage can be cupped and deformed
(tung), bleached (lettuce), flaccid and blue green with
chlorotic margins (tomato), abscise early (walnut), and
eventually become necrotic in the interveinal areas (tung).
• Excess potassium, phosphorus or other micronutrients can
indirectly cause copper deficiency. Also if the pH of the
growing medium is high, this can induce a copper deficiency
as it is less available for plant uptake

77. Rice Wheat Maize
Beans Potato
Cu-Deficiency Symptoms in:
Empty Glumes in Wheat

78. Management of Cu-Deficiency
• About 50% of agricultural soils have low amounts of Cu available to plants, which impairs the
yield and the nutritional quality of crops and derivatives.
• Under these conditions, both plant Cu uptake and Cu use efficiency (CuUE) are essential for food
crop production, since they are complex because all the steps, including root and foliar uptake,
assimilation, translocation, and remobilization, are governed by multiple interacting
environmental and genetic factors.
• Translocation of Cu from the roots to the shoots occurs through the xylem and it is not easily
retranslocated by the phloem.
• In no-till cropping systems, proper plant succession helps maintain good nutrient balance in the
soil, increases fertility due to regular incorporation of organic matter (OM), and improves soil
aeration and water infiltration, enhancing root penetration.
• However, an inverse relationship occurs between the Cu content and the increase in the volume of
soil organic matter (SOM).
• Since the OM is characterized by containing natural chelating agents, as it accumulates in the
soil, forming very stable Cu chelates with fulvic and humic acids, the nutrient availability
decreases for the plants.
• Additionally, the increase in pH caused by the continuous use of limestone also decreases the
content of available Cu in some soils, with those located in the tropics. This chapter aims to
critically review the factors affecting Cu availability in the soil, its uptake, deficiency, sufficiency,
and toxicity levels, and CuUE in crops.

79. Deficiency Symptoms of Zinc
in Different Crops

80. Functions of Zinc
Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient for plant life. Zinc exits naturally in rocks. The
amount of zinc present in the soil depends on the parent materials of that soil. Sandy and
highly leached acid soils generally have low plant available zinc. Mineral soils with low
soil organic matter also exhibit zinc deficiency. In contrast, soils originating from igneous
rocks are higher in zinc. Plants take up zinc as the divalent ionic form (Zn2+) and
chelated-zinc.
The role of zinc in the plant
Zinc is an important component of various enzymes that are responsible for driving many
metabolic reactions in all crops. Growth and development would stop if specific enzymes
were not present in plant tissue. Carbohydrate, protein, and chlorophyll formation is
significantly reduced in zinc-deficient plants. Therefore, a constant and continuous supply
of zinc is needed for optimum growth and maximum yield.

81. Zn-Deficiency Symptoms in
Corn Zn-Deficiency
Symptoms in Soyabean
Zn-Deficiency Symptoms in
Tobacco

82. Zn-Deficiency
Symptoms in Cannabis
Zn-Deficiency Symptoms
in Citrus
Zn-Deficiency
Symptoms in Mango

83. Zn-Deficiency Symptoms in Rice
Khaira Disease of Rice

84. Zn-Deficiency Symptoms in Banana
Zn-Deficiency Symptoms in Wheat

85. Zn-Deficiency
Symptoms in Maize
Zn-Deficiency Symptoms
in Field Peas
Zn-Deficiency
Symptoms in Beans

86. Zn-Deficiency
Symptoms in Barley
Zn-Deficiency
Symptoms in Peanut
Zn-Deficiency Symptoms
in Brinjal
Zn-Deficiency Symptoms
in Chilly & capsicum
Little leaf in Brinjal

87. Zn-Deficiency
Symptoms in Cotton
Zn-Deficiency Symptoms
in Tomato
Zn-Deficiency
Symptoms in Banana
Zn-Deficiency
Symptoms in Wheat
Little leaf in Brinjal

88. Deficiency Symptoms of
Molybdenum in Different Crops

89. Function of molybdenum
in plants
• Molybdenum is required by plants in very small quantities. Its main (and possibly
only) function in non-leguminous plants is as a component of the enzyme nitrate
reductase, which is essential for the metabolism of nitrate, the main form of plant-
available nitrogen in most soils.
• Molybdenum (Mo), the last of the required micronutrients, is needed in the smallest
quantities by plants. The normal range for most plant tissue is between 0.3-1.5 ppm
and in the growing medium between 0.01-0.20 ppm.
• Molybdenum is an essential component in two enzymes that convert nitrate into
nitrite (a toxic form of nitrogen) and then into ammonia before it is used to
synthesize amino acids within the plant. It also needed by symbiotic nitrogen fixing
bacteria in legumes to fix atmospheric nitrogen.
• Plants also use molybdenum to convert inorganic phosphorus into organic forms in
the plant.

90. Mo-deficiency Symptoms
• Molybdenum (Mo) deficiency occurs when plant growth is limited because the plant
cannot take up sufficient quantities of this essential micronutrient from its growing
medium. For crops growing in soil, this may be a result of low concentrations of Mo in
the soil as a whole (i.e. the parent material of the soil is low in Mo), or because the soil
Mo is held in forms that are not available to plants .
• Molybdenum deficiency symptoms in most plants are associated with a build-up of
nitrate in the affected plant part. This is a result of poor nitrate reductase activity.
• Pale leaves with interveinal and marginal chlorosis (yellowing) and necrosis (scald) .
• Molybdenum deficiency is common in many different types of soil; some soils have
low total Mo concentrations, and others have low plant-available Mo due to strong Mo
sorption.
• Molybdenum is the only micronutrient that is mobile within the plant, so deficiency
symptoms show up on older and middle leaves, but it spreads up the stem and affects
the new leaves.
• Crops that are most sensitive to molybdenum deficiency are crucifers (broccoli,
cauliflower, cabbage), legumes (beans, peas, clovers), poinsettias and primula.

91. Deficiency Symptoms :-
Molybdenum-deficiency symptoms
show up as a general yellowing and
stunting of the plant. A Mo deficiency
can also cause marginal scorching
and cupping or rolling of leaves.
Usage :-
Several materials supply Mo and can
be mixed with nitrogen (N),
phosphorus (P) and potassium (K)
fertilizers applied as foliar sprays or
used as a seed treatment. Seed
treatment is the most common way
of correcting Mo deficiency because
of the very small amounts of the
nutrient required.
Soil pH to Molybdenum Ratio :-
Molybdenum becomes more available
as soil pH goes up, the opposite of
most other micronutrients
Toxicity :-
Excessive Mo is toxic, especially to
grazing animals.

93. Mo-Deficiency Symptoms in Sweet potato
Mo-Deficiency Symptoms in Cauliflower
Chlorotic moulting in cauliflower
Whip tail in cauliflower

94. Mo-Deficiency Symptoms
in Cabbage
Mo-Deficiency Symptoms in
Cucurbits
Mo-Deficiency Symptoms
in Lettuce

95. Mo-Deficiency
Symptoms in Citrus
Mo-Deficiency Symptoms in
Maize
Mo-Deficiency Symptoms
in Sunflower
Mo-Deficiency
Symptoms in Tomato
Mo-Deficiency
Symptoms in Beans
Scald in Beans

96. Mo-Deficiency
Symptoms in Lucerne
Mo-Deficiency
Symptoms in Wheat
Mo-Deficiency
Symptoms in Rice
Mo-Deficiency Symptoms
in Poinsettia
Mo-Deficiency Symptoms
in Rock melon

97. Management of Mo-deficiency
• Molybdenum deficiency is relatively easily corrected, either by
the application of small quantities of molybdenum to the soil,
or by raising the soil pH. Application of sodium molybdate or
ammonium molybdate at rates of 0.2-0.3 kg Mo/ha should be
sufficient to correct the disorder in most situations, and may be
effective for several years. Sodium molybdate may also be
applied as a foliar spray. A solution of 50 g sodium
molybdate/100 L water has proven successful with other crops
such as sunflower. Some commercially-available fertilizer
mixtures also contain molybdenum.
• Liming to raise the soil pH above 5.5 is usually effective in
alleviating molybdenum deficiency, and may improve
conditions for crop growth in other ways also, such as through
improved availability of phosphorus and alleviation of
manganese or aluminium toxicity.

98. Deficiency Symptoms of Nickel in
different crops

99. Role of Nickel in plants
• The essentiality of nickel as a micronutrient in plants has been
established because it is part of the active site of the enzyme
urease, which hydrolyzes urea in plant tissues .
• Two forms of urease are present in plants, one found in seeds and
another found in vegetative tissues (ubiquitous).
• The seed form of urease is highly active while the activity of the
ubiquitous form is low in vegetative tissues, despite playing an
important role in N recycling in plants.
• Potentially toxic amounts of urea are metabolized into ammonia
by the action of ubiquitous urease, and the N from the ammonia
may be reused in other metabolic pathways, e.g., synthesis of
amino acids, polyamines, and other nitrogen compounds .

100. Ni-Deficiency Symptoms
• One common Ni deficiency symptom across plant
species is the necrosis of leaf tips due to the
accumulation of urea to toxic concentrations.
• For non-woody plants, deficiency symptoms can also
include chlorosis of young leaves, reduced leaf size, and
less upright leaf growth.

101. What is the deficiency of nickel?
• Nickel deficiency is accompanied by histological and
biochemical changes and reduced iron resorption and
leads to anemia.
• It can disturb the incorporation of calcium into skeleton
and lead to parakeratosis-like damage, which finds
expression in disturbed zinc metabolism.

103. Ni-Deficiency
Symptoms in Cowpea
Ni-Deficiency
Symptoms in
Pecan leaf
Ni-Deficiency
Symptoms in Soybean
Ni-Deficiency
Symptoms in Sugar beet
Ni-Deficiency
Symptoms in
Strawberry
Leaf chlorosis & leaf tip necrosis in
Cowpea

104. Management
Nickel is a
challenging plant
nutrient with which
to work because it
readily oxidizes to
unavailable forms
in the soil.
The easiest and
most effective
strategy to correct
acute Ni deficiency
is foliar spraying
with a dilute
solution of NiSO4
or other water-
soluble Ni
fertilizer.

105. Deficiency symptoms of Boron
in Different in Cops

106. B-Deficiency Symptoms
• Symptoms of boron deficiency are expressed at growing tips
of the root or shoot, and generally include stunting and
distortion of the growing tip that can lead to tip death, brittle
foliage, and yellowing of lower leaf tips.
• Flowering and fruiting are reduced and developing fruit is
often distorted. In brassicas, boron deficiency can cause root
crops, especially rutabaga, to develop soft brown centers, a
disorder called “brown heart.

107. B-deficiency Symptoms
in Wheat
B-deficiency Symptoms
in Barley
B-deficiency Symptoms
in Cauliflower
B-deficiency
Symptoms in Rice
B-deficiency
Symptoms in
Black gram
Browning & hollow stem of
Cauliflower

108. B-deficiency Symptoms
in Soyabean
B-deficiency Symptoms
in Mustard
B-deficiency
Symptoms in
Sunflower
B-deficiency Symptoms in
Groundnut

109. Management of Boron Deficiency
in crops
• Soils deficient in boron can be amended with boron
fertilizer such as Borax, boric acid, and Solubor,
based on soil tests and crop requirements.
• In high pH soils, foliar applications are preferred.
• Once symptoms of boron deficiency are observed, it
is usually too late to apply boron.

110. Deficiency Symptoms Of Chlorine in
Different Crops

111. Function

112. Deficiency Symptoms
Chlorine deficiency results
in blotchy
leaf chlorosis and necrosis.
Chlorine deficiency
can be distinguished
from other nutrient
imbalances because
leaves will exhibit
characteristic distinct
and abrupt boundaries
between the affected
and healthy tissue.
Severe cases of
chlorine deficiency
may result in bronzing
and/or wilting of
leaves though these
are not reliable
symptoms.

113. Cl-Deficiency Symptoms in Wheat

114. Management of Cl-Deficiency
• If a chloride deficiency is suspected, the first step is to eliminate
other potential sources of the problem, like leaf spot or fungal
diseases.
• Testing the soil for chloride is challenging because most
standard soil tests do not include chloride as a test variable since
true deficiency is not common.
• After eliminating other possibilities, if chloride deficiency still
appears likely in your soil, a fertilizer that specifically includes
chloride as an ingredient may help.
• Since chloride-specific fertilizers are uncommon, we may have
to request a specific fertilizer from a local supply store like KCl,
etc.

115. The
End