The document discusses the key concepts and figures of deconstruction. It provides background on how deconstruction emerged as a critique of structuralism. It also includes several quotes from Derrida and Culler that describe the main techniques of deconstruction as reversing hierarchies, displacing oppositions, and showing how a text undermines its own arguments.

1. *
A brief introduction
Hu Ran SY1112105

2. Concept
Back ground and important figures
Reference
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3. * “In a traditional philosophical opposition we
have not a peaceful coexistence of facing
terms but a violent hierarchy. One of the terms
dominates the other
(axiologically, logically, etc.), occupies the
commanding position. To deconstruct the
opposition is above all, at a particular
moment, to reverse the hierarchy” (Derrida
qtd. in Jonathan Culler 85).
*

4. * “Deconstruction must … thorough a double
gesture a double science, a double writing, put
into practice a reversal of the classical
opposition and a general displacement of the
system. It is on that condition alone that
deconstruction will provide the means of
intervening in the field of oppositions it
criticizes and which is also a field of non-
discursive force” (Derrida qtd. in Culler 85-86).
*

5. * “The practitioner of deconstruction works
within the terms of the system but in order to
breach in” (Culler 86) .
*

6. * “To „deconstruct‟ philosophy is thus to work
through the structured genealogy of its
concepts in the most scrupulous and immanent
fashion, but at the same time to determine,
from a certain external perspective that it
cannot name or describe, what this history may
have concealed or excluded, constituting itself
as history through this repression in which it
has a stake” (Derrida qtd. in Culler 86).
*

7. * “…to deconstruct a discourse is to show how it
undermines the philosophy it asserts, or the
hierarchical oppositions on which it relies, by
identifying in the text the rhetorical operations
that produce the supposed ground of
argument, the key concept or premise. These
descriptions of deconstruction differ in their
emphases ” (Culler 86) .
*

8. * Causality: a basic principle of our universe. One
event causes another, that causes produce effects.
* Chronological reversal of “Pin-Pain”
* “The fragment of the outside would of which we
become conscious comes after the effect that has
been produced on us and is a posteriori as its
„cause.‟ In the phenomenalism of the „inner world‟
we invert the chronology of cause and effect. The
basic fact of „inter experience‟ is what the cause
gets imagined after the effect has
occurred” ”(Derrida qtd. in Culler 86).
*

9. *
1. Discover the binary operations;
2. Comment on the values, concepts and ideas behind these operations;
3. Reverse these present binary operations;
4. Dismantle previously held worldviews;
5. Accept the possibility of various levels of a text based on the new
binary inversion.
6. Allow the meaning of the text to be undecidable.

10. *
* 结构主义向后结构主义（解构主义）的转向
* 20世纪60年代，是全是世界范围内的一个矛盾冲突激化期。今
天不少历史学家和社会学家都趋向于把60年代看成是对50年代
的一种反动或断裂，其“标识”就是“政治上和文化上的激进主
义”。
* 激进思潮渗透到人文和社会科学的各个领域，使得60年代后的
整个欧美思想理论界出现大分化、大整合的局面。而其中最为
突出的一个现象，就是随着以索绪尔（Saussure）、列维-斯特
劳斯（Lévi-Strauss）等一批结构主义思想理论家的崛起，原先
那种受实证论影响而注重务实的思维方式逐步转向一种相对的
思维方式；“历时”的观察角度被“共时”的观察角度替代。(盛宁)

11. * 1966年10月，美国约翰霍普金斯大学的人文科学研究
中心邀请了欧洲各国和美国本土的一百多位人文科学
的专家教授，其中包括罗兰巴特（Roland
Barthes）、雅各拉康（Jacques Lacan ）和雅各德
里达（Jacques Derrida）等一批一流学着，召开了一
次题为“批评的语言和人的科学”的超大型学术讨论
会。这次讨论会本来的目的是专门研讨结构主义的理
论和方法，然而，法国解构主义哲学的主要代表德里
达异军突起，发表了他那篇著名的题为《人文科学话
语的结构、符号和嬉戏》（Structure, Sign and Play
in the Discourse of the Human Science）的论文。标
志着结构主义向解构主义的转向的肇始。（盛宁）
*

12. Derrida Lacan Foucault Barthes
*Four Pillars of Post-
structuralism in France

13. *
Hillis Miller
Harold Bloom
Paul de Man
Geoffrey Hartman

14. * Culler, Jonathan. On Deconstruction: Theory
and Criticism after Structuralism. 1982.
Introd. Sheng Ning. China: Foreign Language
Teaching and Research Press,2004. Print.
* “Deconstruction”, posted by：zbmbobo.Baidu.
PPT. 2010-11-17.
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727a5e962e7.html?from=rec&pos=0&weight=26
&lastweight=4&count=5
*