The document proposes a language-parametric approach to name resolution based on declarative name binding and scope rules, where name binding and scope are defined using a declarative syntax that is independent of any concrete programming language. It describes how name binding and scope can be defined using context-free grammars annotated with attributes to specify definitions, references, and scopes. The approach aims to support name resolution tasks like reference resolution, code completion, and refactoring in a modular way that is reusable across multiple languages.
The document provides an overview of various Objective-C concepts including classes, objects, methods, properties, protocols, categories, dictionaries, property lists, user defaults, errors, delegates, callbacks, and table views. It discusses core classes like NSString, NSArray, NSDictionary, and NSMutableDictionary. It covers concepts like inheritance, polymorphism, and memory management using retain, release, and autorelease. The document also provides examples of declaring and defining classes, creating class instances, and implementing table views with custom cells.
The document discusses object-oriented programming concepts including encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism. It provides an example class called Point that demonstrates defining data members and member functions. It then provides a more detailed example of a Set class that implements common set operations like adding/removing elements and computing intersections/unions. The document also discusses constructors and destructors and how they are used to initialize and clean up class objects.
Learning from other's mistakes: Data-driven code analysisAndreas Dewes
Static code analysis is an useful tool that can help to detect bugs early in the software development life cycle. I will explain the basics of static analysis and show the challenges we face when analyzing Python code. I will introduce a data-driven approach to code analysis that makes use of public code and example-based learning and show how it can be applied to analyzing Python code.
The document provides an introduction to Objective-C, including background information on its origins and current usage. It discusses key Objective-C concepts like classes, methods, memory management, and the differences between static, stack and heap memory. Code examples are provided to demonstrate how to declare classes, instantiate objects, call methods, and handle memory allocation and release of objects.
Class object method constructors in javaRaja Sekhar
Presented By :
N.V.Raja Sekhar Reddy
www.technolamp.co.in
www.programming9.com
Want more interesting...
Watch and Like us @ https://www.facebook.com/Technolamp.co.in
subscribe videos @ http://www.youtube.com/user/nvrajasekhar
Code is not text! How graph technologies can help us to understand our code b...Andreas Dewes
Today, we almost exclusively think of code in software projects as a collection of text files. The tools that we use (version control systems, IDEs, code analyzers) also use text as the primary storage format for code. In fact, the belief that “code is text” is so deeply ingrained in our heads that we never question its validity or even become aware of the fact that there are other ways to look at code.
In my talk I will explain why treating code as text is a very bad idea which actively holds back our understanding and creates a range of problems in large software projects. I will then show how we can overcome (some of) these problems by treating and storing code as data, and more specifically as a graph. I will show specific examples of how we can use this approach to improve our understanding of large code bases, increase code quality and automate certain aspects of software development.
Finally, I will outline my personal vision of the future of programming, which is a future where we no longer primarily interact with code bases using simple text editors. I will also give some ideas on how we might get to that future.
C++ classes allow programmers to encapsulate data and functions into user-defined types called classes. A class defines the data attributes and functions that operate on those attributes. Classes support object-oriented programming by allowing objects to be created from a class which store and manipulate data private to the class through public member functions.
Introduction to ad-3.4, an automatic differentiation library in Haskellnebuta
This document provides an introduction to the ad-3.4 automatic differentiation library in Haskell. It summarizes the key capabilities of the library including differentiating arbitrary mathematical functions, calculating gradients, Jacobians and Hessians. It also provides examples of how to use the library to differentiate single variable scalar functions, calculate gradients, perform Taylor expansions, and check equality of functions. The document discusses some of the core classes and types in the library like Mode, Lifted and AD that enable automatic differentiation. It points to resources that explain the mechanism of automatic differentiation and package structure.
The document provides an overview of various Objective-C concepts including classes, objects, methods, properties, protocols, categories, dictionaries, property lists, user defaults, errors, delegates, callbacks, and table views. It discusses core classes like NSString, NSArray, NSDictionary, and NSMutableDictionary. It covers concepts like inheritance, polymorphism, and memory management using retain, release, and autorelease. The document also provides examples of declaring and defining classes, creating class instances, and implementing table views with custom cells.
The document discusses object-oriented programming concepts including encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism. It provides an example class called Point that demonstrates defining data members and member functions. It then provides a more detailed example of a Set class that implements common set operations like adding/removing elements and computing intersections/unions. The document also discusses constructors and destructors and how they are used to initialize and clean up class objects.
Learning from other's mistakes: Data-driven code analysisAndreas Dewes
Static code analysis is an useful tool that can help to detect bugs early in the software development life cycle. I will explain the basics of static analysis and show the challenges we face when analyzing Python code. I will introduce a data-driven approach to code analysis that makes use of public code and example-based learning and show how it can be applied to analyzing Python code.
The document provides an introduction to Objective-C, including background information on its origins and current usage. It discusses key Objective-C concepts like classes, methods, memory management, and the differences between static, stack and heap memory. Code examples are provided to demonstrate how to declare classes, instantiate objects, call methods, and handle memory allocation and release of objects.
Class object method constructors in javaRaja Sekhar
Presented By :
N.V.Raja Sekhar Reddy
www.technolamp.co.in
www.programming9.com
Want more interesting...
Watch and Like us @ https://www.facebook.com/Technolamp.co.in
subscribe videos @ http://www.youtube.com/user/nvrajasekhar
Code is not text! How graph technologies can help us to understand our code b...Andreas Dewes
Today, we almost exclusively think of code in software projects as a collection of text files. The tools that we use (version control systems, IDEs, code analyzers) also use text as the primary storage format for code. In fact, the belief that “code is text” is so deeply ingrained in our heads that we never question its validity or even become aware of the fact that there are other ways to look at code.
In my talk I will explain why treating code as text is a very bad idea which actively holds back our understanding and creates a range of problems in large software projects. I will then show how we can overcome (some of) these problems by treating and storing code as data, and more specifically as a graph. I will show specific examples of how we can use this approach to improve our understanding of large code bases, increase code quality and automate certain aspects of software development.
Finally, I will outline my personal vision of the future of programming, which is a future where we no longer primarily interact with code bases using simple text editors. I will also give some ideas on how we might get to that future.
C++ classes allow programmers to encapsulate data and functions into user-defined types called classes. A class defines the data attributes and functions that operate on those attributes. Classes support object-oriented programming by allowing objects to be created from a class which store and manipulate data private to the class through public member functions.
Introduction to ad-3.4, an automatic differentiation library in Haskellnebuta
This document provides an introduction to the ad-3.4 automatic differentiation library in Haskell. It summarizes the key capabilities of the library including differentiating arbitrary mathematical functions, calculating gradients, Jacobians and Hessians. It also provides examples of how to use the library to differentiate single variable scalar functions, calculate gradients, perform Taylor expansions, and check equality of functions. The document discusses some of the core classes and types in the library like Mode, Lifted and AD that enable automatic differentiation. It points to resources that explain the mechanism of automatic differentiation and package structure.
The document provides an introduction to Groovy, including:
- The presenter's background in programming languages including Java since 1996 and using Groovy since 2009.
- The presentation objectives are to recognize Groovy code, get interested in Groovy coding, and introduce some key Groovy concepts without focusing on Grails, Geb, or Spock yet.
- Groovy is a dynamic language that extends Java with features like closures, GStrings, and optional semicolons to enable less code and more clarity while compiling to Java classes for seamless integration.
This document discusses SQL and database connectivity using Python. It covers SQL statements like SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE. It describes database tables like orders and parts with sample data. It also explains how to connect to databases using Python DB-API modules, execute queries, retrieve and manipulate result sets. Key methods like cursor.execute, fetchall are demonstrated along with transaction handling.
Creating Domain Specific Languages in PythonSiddhi
This document discusses domain specific languages (DSLs) and provides examples of creating DSLs in Python. It explains that DSLs allow users to work in specialized mini-languages tailored to specific problem domains. As examples, it discusses SQL as a DSL for databases and regular expressions as a DSL for patterns. It then demonstrates how to create an external DSL for defining forms using PyParsing and an internal DSL for the same using Python features like metaclasses. The document concludes that DSLs make code easier to read, write and maintain for non-programmers.
Slides from my talk at the Junction (Jan 24, 2013)
Single-core performance has hit a ceiling, and building web-scale multi-core applications using imperative programming models is nightmarishly difficult. Parallel programming creates a new set of challenges, best practices and design patterns. Scala is designed to enable building scalable systems, elegantly blending functional and object oriented paradigms into an expressive and concise language, while retaining interoperability with Java. Scala is the fastest growing JVM programming language, being rapidly adopted by leading companies such as Twitter, LinkedIn and FourSquare.
This presentation provides a comprehensive overview of the language, which managed to increase type safety while feeling more dynamic, being more concise and improving readability at the same time. We will see how Scala simplifies real life problems by empowering the developer with powerful functional programming primitives, without giving up on the object oriented paradigm. The overview includes tools for multi-core programming in Scala, the type system, collection framework and domain-specific languages. We’ll explore the power of compile-time meta-programming, which is made possible by the newly released Scala 2.10, and get a glimpse into what to expect from 2.11 in 2014.
We will also see how Scala helps overcome the inherent limitations of Java, such as type erasure, array covariance and boxing overhead.
Multiple examples emphasize how Scala pushes the JVM harder than any other mainstream language through the infinite number of boilerplate busters, increased type safety and productivity boosters from a Java developer’s perspective.
1. Constructors are special member functions that initialize objects and allocate memory. They have the same name as the class and do not have a return type.
2. There are three types of constructors: default, simple, and parameterized. The default constructor is provided by Java if no constructor is defined, and has no arguments.
3. Methods are functions that belong to a class and perform tasks. There are simple, parameterized, and returning methods. Simple methods perform tasks without arguments, parameterized methods take arguments, and returning methods return a value.
This document summarizes several new features introduced in C# 8.0, including switch expressions that allow expression bodies for switch statements, property patterns that allow matching on object properties, and asynchronous streams that allow asynchronous iteration over data using await foreach. Other features discussed include default interface methods, static local functions, nullable reference types, indices and ranges for arrays/strings, and null-coalescing assignment.
This document provides an introduction to creating and using classes in C#. Key points covered include defining classes with fields, methods, and constructors; using accessibility modifiers like public and private; calling methods and using the this keyword; creating static methods; and using listboxes, comboboxes, and events for selection changes. Examples are provided for defining classes, constructors, static and instance methods, and populating and accessing selection properties of list and combo boxes.
1. A class defines common attributes and behaviors of objects through methods and variables. Constructors initialize new instances of a class.
2. The document discusses object-oriented programming concepts like classes, objects, methods, encapsulation, and polymorphism and provides examples in Java.
3. It also covers best practices for naming classes, methods and variables in object-oriented languages.
Characteristics of Java and basic programming constructs like Data types, Variables, Operators, Control Statements, Arrays are discussed with relevant examples
Functional programming avoids changing-state and mutable data. Referential transparency means expressions can be replaced without affecting observable behavior. Pure functions only depend on argument values and have no other effects. Case classes provide functionality like equals, hashCode and pattern matching out of the box. Futures allow running blocking operations asynchronously and chaining results with map, flatMap and for comprehensions. Implicits allow type conversions and providing parameters implicitly. Sealed classes allow exhaustive pattern matching of a type hierarchy.
C# is a component-oriented language that introduces object-oriented improvements to the C/C++ family of languages. Key features include garbage collection, exceptions, type safety, and preservation of C++ investments like namespaces and enums. Everything in C# is an object, unifying value and reference types without performance penalties. The language supports robust features like properties, events, generics and attributes to enable component-based development.
The document discusses object-oriented programming concepts in Java including classes, objects, methods, constructors, inheritance, and more. It includes examples of defining a Box class with attributes like width, height, and length, as well as methods to set dimensions and calculate volume. Constructors are demonstrated for initializing object attributes. Later sections cover topics like static members, method overloading, argument passing by value vs reference, and returning objects from methods.
This document discusses upcoming features in C# based on presentations by Christian Nagel. It covers features already implemented in C# 7.x like tuples, deconstruction, and pattern matching as well as features still in progress or being prototyped for C# 8 like records, caller expression attributes, async streams, indexes and ranges, extended patterns, and nullable reference types. The goal of new features is to make C# code safer, more efficient, give more freedom, and require less code.
Encapsulation provides benefits such as reducing complexity, ensuring structural changes remain local, and allowing for validation and data binding. It works by hiding implementation details and wrapping code and data together. Objects use private fields and public getters/setters for access. Access modifiers like private, protected, and public control visibility. Validation occurs in setters through exceptions. Mutable objects can be modified after creation while immutable objects cannot. The final keyword prevents inheritance, method overriding, or variable reassignment.
The document discusses object-oriented programming concepts like classes, objects, encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction. It provides examples of defining classes like Shape, Rectangle, Circle etc. with attributes and methods. It also covers topics like constructors, access modifiers, static vs instance members, method overriding and overloading for polymorphism. The document explains how inheritance allows child classes to extend parent classes and abstract classes/methods that are implemented in child classes.
This document describes a presentation on using the Tagless Final style in the Play Framework for purely functional programming.
The presentation introduces Play Framework and how it uses Google Guice for dependency injection. It discusses separating the program from its execution using techniques like the Reader Monad and Free Monad. However, these have drawbacks like being difficult to use with multiple dependencies.
The presentation then introduces Tagless Final style as an alternative that has less boilerplate than Free Monad and allows separating program and implementation. It demonstrates a basic example of a UserRepository trait and implementation.
The rest of the agenda covers practicing Tagless Final style in the Play Framework, discussing its advantages but also that it is not a silver bullet
This document provides an overview of Objective-C, including key concepts like runtime, objects, classes, memory management, class interfaces and implementations, protocols, properties, and selectors. It discusses how Objective-C performs tasks at runtime and uses object-oriented programming principles. Methods are invoked by sending object messages, and classes define object types. Memory is managed using reference counting or a garbage collector. The document also provides examples of class interfaces and implementations, as well as using properties and protocols.
The Ring programming language version 1.5.2 book - Part 37 of 181Mahmoud Samir Fayed
This document discusses using the Ring programming language to create natural language programs based on classes and objects. It provides an example of defining classes to represent the natural language instructions "I want window" and "Window title =". The example shows how objects can execute code for each instruction. The document also discusses changing the Ring keyword "and" to avoid conflicts when parsing natural language statements. In summary, this document demonstrates how Ring allows programmers to build natural language interfaces by defining classes for natural language statements.
Se presenta un problema geométrico donde se dan las medidas de los segmentos que conforman una figura. Se pide determinar la medida del segmento AC sabiendo que ED mide 3cm, DC mide 1cm y BC mide 2cm.
The document provides an introduction to Groovy, including:
- The presenter's background in programming languages including Java since 1996 and using Groovy since 2009.
- The presentation objectives are to recognize Groovy code, get interested in Groovy coding, and introduce some key Groovy concepts without focusing on Grails, Geb, or Spock yet.
- Groovy is a dynamic language that extends Java with features like closures, GStrings, and optional semicolons to enable less code and more clarity while compiling to Java classes for seamless integration.
This document discusses SQL and database connectivity using Python. It covers SQL statements like SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE. It describes database tables like orders and parts with sample data. It also explains how to connect to databases using Python DB-API modules, execute queries, retrieve and manipulate result sets. Key methods like cursor.execute, fetchall are demonstrated along with transaction handling.
Creating Domain Specific Languages in PythonSiddhi
This document discusses domain specific languages (DSLs) and provides examples of creating DSLs in Python. It explains that DSLs allow users to work in specialized mini-languages tailored to specific problem domains. As examples, it discusses SQL as a DSL for databases and regular expressions as a DSL for patterns. It then demonstrates how to create an external DSL for defining forms using PyParsing and an internal DSL for the same using Python features like metaclasses. The document concludes that DSLs make code easier to read, write and maintain for non-programmers.
Slides from my talk at the Junction (Jan 24, 2013)
Single-core performance has hit a ceiling, and building web-scale multi-core applications using imperative programming models is nightmarishly difficult. Parallel programming creates a new set of challenges, best practices and design patterns. Scala is designed to enable building scalable systems, elegantly blending functional and object oriented paradigms into an expressive and concise language, while retaining interoperability with Java. Scala is the fastest growing JVM programming language, being rapidly adopted by leading companies such as Twitter, LinkedIn and FourSquare.
This presentation provides a comprehensive overview of the language, which managed to increase type safety while feeling more dynamic, being more concise and improving readability at the same time. We will see how Scala simplifies real life problems by empowering the developer with powerful functional programming primitives, without giving up on the object oriented paradigm. The overview includes tools for multi-core programming in Scala, the type system, collection framework and domain-specific languages. We’ll explore the power of compile-time meta-programming, which is made possible by the newly released Scala 2.10, and get a glimpse into what to expect from 2.11 in 2014.
We will also see how Scala helps overcome the inherent limitations of Java, such as type erasure, array covariance and boxing overhead.
Multiple examples emphasize how Scala pushes the JVM harder than any other mainstream language through the infinite number of boilerplate busters, increased type safety and productivity boosters from a Java developer’s perspective.
1. Constructors are special member functions that initialize objects and allocate memory. They have the same name as the class and do not have a return type.
2. There are three types of constructors: default, simple, and parameterized. The default constructor is provided by Java if no constructor is defined, and has no arguments.
3. Methods are functions that belong to a class and perform tasks. There are simple, parameterized, and returning methods. Simple methods perform tasks without arguments, parameterized methods take arguments, and returning methods return a value.
This document summarizes several new features introduced in C# 8.0, including switch expressions that allow expression bodies for switch statements, property patterns that allow matching on object properties, and asynchronous streams that allow asynchronous iteration over data using await foreach. Other features discussed include default interface methods, static local functions, nullable reference types, indices and ranges for arrays/strings, and null-coalescing assignment.
This document provides an introduction to creating and using classes in C#. Key points covered include defining classes with fields, methods, and constructors; using accessibility modifiers like public and private; calling methods and using the this keyword; creating static methods; and using listboxes, comboboxes, and events for selection changes. Examples are provided for defining classes, constructors, static and instance methods, and populating and accessing selection properties of list and combo boxes.
1. A class defines common attributes and behaviors of objects through methods and variables. Constructors initialize new instances of a class.
2. The document discusses object-oriented programming concepts like classes, objects, methods, encapsulation, and polymorphism and provides examples in Java.
3. It also covers best practices for naming classes, methods and variables in object-oriented languages.
Characteristics of Java and basic programming constructs like Data types, Variables, Operators, Control Statements, Arrays are discussed with relevant examples
Functional programming avoids changing-state and mutable data. Referential transparency means expressions can be replaced without affecting observable behavior. Pure functions only depend on argument values and have no other effects. Case classes provide functionality like equals, hashCode and pattern matching out of the box. Futures allow running blocking operations asynchronously and chaining results with map, flatMap and for comprehensions. Implicits allow type conversions and providing parameters implicitly. Sealed classes allow exhaustive pattern matching of a type hierarchy.
C# is a component-oriented language that introduces object-oriented improvements to the C/C++ family of languages. Key features include garbage collection, exceptions, type safety, and preservation of C++ investments like namespaces and enums. Everything in C# is an object, unifying value and reference types without performance penalties. The language supports robust features like properties, events, generics and attributes to enable component-based development.
The document discusses object-oriented programming concepts in Java including classes, objects, methods, constructors, inheritance, and more. It includes examples of defining a Box class with attributes like width, height, and length, as well as methods to set dimensions and calculate volume. Constructors are demonstrated for initializing object attributes. Later sections cover topics like static members, method overloading, argument passing by value vs reference, and returning objects from methods.
This document discusses upcoming features in C# based on presentations by Christian Nagel. It covers features already implemented in C# 7.x like tuples, deconstruction, and pattern matching as well as features still in progress or being prototyped for C# 8 like records, caller expression attributes, async streams, indexes and ranges, extended patterns, and nullable reference types. The goal of new features is to make C# code safer, more efficient, give more freedom, and require less code.
Encapsulation provides benefits such as reducing complexity, ensuring structural changes remain local, and allowing for validation and data binding. It works by hiding implementation details and wrapping code and data together. Objects use private fields and public getters/setters for access. Access modifiers like private, protected, and public control visibility. Validation occurs in setters through exceptions. Mutable objects can be modified after creation while immutable objects cannot. The final keyword prevents inheritance, method overriding, or variable reassignment.
The document discusses object-oriented programming concepts like classes, objects, encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction. It provides examples of defining classes like Shape, Rectangle, Circle etc. with attributes and methods. It also covers topics like constructors, access modifiers, static vs instance members, method overriding and overloading for polymorphism. The document explains how inheritance allows child classes to extend parent classes and abstract classes/methods that are implemented in child classes.
This document describes a presentation on using the Tagless Final style in the Play Framework for purely functional programming.
The presentation introduces Play Framework and how it uses Google Guice for dependency injection. It discusses separating the program from its execution using techniques like the Reader Monad and Free Monad. However, these have drawbacks like being difficult to use with multiple dependencies.
The presentation then introduces Tagless Final style as an alternative that has less boilerplate than Free Monad and allows separating program and implementation. It demonstrates a basic example of a UserRepository trait and implementation.
The rest of the agenda covers practicing Tagless Final style in the Play Framework, discussing its advantages but also that it is not a silver bullet
This document provides an overview of Objective-C, including key concepts like runtime, objects, classes, memory management, class interfaces and implementations, protocols, properties, and selectors. It discusses how Objective-C performs tasks at runtime and uses object-oriented programming principles. Methods are invoked by sending object messages, and classes define object types. Memory is managed using reference counting or a garbage collector. The document also provides examples of class interfaces and implementations, as well as using properties and protocols.
The Ring programming language version 1.5.2 book - Part 37 of 181Mahmoud Samir Fayed
This document discusses using the Ring programming language to create natural language programs based on classes and objects. It provides an example of defining classes to represent the natural language instructions "I want window" and "Window title =". The example shows how objects can execute code for each instruction. The document also discusses changing the Ring keyword "and" to avoid conflicts when parsing natural language statements. In summary, this document demonstrates how Ring allows programmers to build natural language interfaces by defining classes for natural language statements.
Se presenta un problema geométrico donde se dan las medidas de los segmentos que conforman una figura. Se pide determinar la medida del segmento AC sabiendo que ED mide 3cm, DC mide 1cm y BC mide 2cm.
Our family owns a car that we use to transport our children. The vehicle allows us to drive our kids to their activities and appointments. It is a reliable mode of transportation for our family.
El documento habla sobre la dificultad de mantenerse en contacto con amigos cercanos debido a la falta de tiempo y las responsabilidades de la vida diaria. Sin embargo, enfatiza la importancia de los amigos y asegura que a pesar de la distancia física, la amistad sigue intacta.
El documento presenta la estructura básica de una página web que incluye el título "Borja y Bonilla 901 NE" y el cuerpo con fondo verde y texto amarillo. En el cuerpo se muestra el nombre del Colegio Nacional Nicolás Esguerra y el lema "EDIFICAMOS FUTURO", así como un mensaje de bienvenida en blanco y negrita al campus virtual NE.
El documento presenta la estructura básica de una página web que incluye el título "Borja y Bonilla 901 NE" y el cuerpo con fondo verde y texto amarillo. En el cuerpo se menciona el "Colegio Nacional Nicolás Esguerra" y el lema "EDIFICAMOS FUTURO", así como un mensaje de bienvenida en blanco y negrita al "campus virtual NE".
Os alunos do 4o ano vespertino pintaram obras do artista Romero Britto sob a orientação do professor. Após concluírem os trabalhos, o professor parabenizou os alunos pelas pinturas bonitas que fizeram seguindo o estilo de Britto.
The document is a broken hyperlink to an image hosted on an external website. No meaningful content could be summarized from the document as it only contains an invalid URL and image metadata.
Este documento presenta los hábitos de aseo básicos que los niños y niñas deben seguir, incluyendo lavarse las manos, cepillarse los dientes al menos dos veces al día, peinarse el cabello, cortarse las uñas de manos y pies, limpiarse los oídos y la nariz, y cambiarse la ropa interior y medias diariamente para mantener una buena higiene, evitar enfermedades y malos olores.
The document discusses 6 home design apps for creating floor plans and designing homes in 2D or 3D, including Marble which allows viewing home designs in Google Earth, Unit Converter Pro for unit conversions, Sweet Home 3D for designing floor plans in 3D, My Home Designer for 3D home design and floor planning, Room Arranger for arranging furniture in floor plans, and Planner 5D for designing homes and interior spaces in 3D.
El documento presenta la estructura básica de una página web, incluyendo las etiquetas HTML como <html>, <head>, <title>, <body>, <h1>, <font>, <center>, <br>, y <hr>. Explica los atributos para la etiqueta <hr> y proporciona un ejemplo de código HTML que implementa estas etiquetas y atributos para crear una página web básica con formato de texto y diseño.
El documento presenta la estructura básica de una página web en lenguaje HTML. Explica las etiquetas <head>, <title>, <body>, <br>, <hr>, <font> y sus atributos para dar formato y estilo al contenido. Muestra un ejemplo de código HTML que implementa estas etiquetas para crear una página web de bienvenida al campus virtual del Colegio Nacional Nicolás Esguerra.
This document provides a concise reference card summarizing key aspects of the Python 2.5 programming language, including variable types, basic syntax, object orientation, modules, exceptions, input/output, and the standard library. It covers topics like numbers, sequences, dictionaries, sets, functions, classes, imports, exceptions, files, and common library modules.
Modular Module Systems: a survey discusses different approaches to modularity in programming languages. It covers modules as a way to separate compilation, manage namespaces, and hide/abstract types and values. Different languages take different approaches, from separate files in C to more robust modules in ML and Haskell that allow nesting, signatures, functors, and type classes. The document uses examples from C, C++, ML, Haskell to illustrate how modules have evolved to support separate compilation, abstraction, and reuse through mechanisms like functors and signatures.
This document provides an overview of key object-oriented programming concepts including classes and objects, inheritance, encapsulation, polymorphism, interfaces, abstract classes, and design patterns. It discusses class construction and object instantiation. Inheritance is described as both exposing implementation details and potentially breaking encapsulation. Composition is presented as an alternative to inheritance. The document also covers method overriding, overloading, and duck typing as forms of polymorphism. Finally, it briefly introduces common design principles like SOLID and patterns like delegation.
Scala for Java Developers provides an overview of Scala for Java developers. It discusses:
- The goals of understanding what Scala is, learning more about it, and installing Scala.
- An introduction to Scala including what it is, its history from 1995 to 2013, and whether it is a good fit for certain uses based on its strengths like functional programming and weaknesses like syntax.
- How to get started with Scala including required and optional software and plugins.
- Key Scala features like objects, classes, traits, pattern matching, and collections.
This document discusses pointcuts and static analysis in aspect-oriented programming. It provides an example of using aspects to ensure thread safety in Swing by wrapping method calls in invokeLater. It proposes representing pointcuts as relational queries over a program representation, and rewriting pointcuts as Datalog queries for static analysis. Representing programs and pointcuts relationally in this way enables precise static analysis of crosscutting concerns.
C++11 introduced several new features for functions and lambdas including:
1. Lambda expressions that allow the definition of anonymous inline functions.
2. The std::function wrapper that allows functions and lambdas to be used interchangeably.
3. std::bind that binds arguments to function parameters for creating function objects.
These features improved support for functional programming patterns in C++.
CodeFest 2010. Иноземцев И. — Fantom. Cross-VM LanguageCodeFest
This document introduces Fantom, a statically typed programming language that runs on the JVM. It highlights Fantom's features that improve developer productivity over Java such as type inference, literals, closures, and mixins. It also discusses Fantom's safety features like nullable types and const classes/fields. The document provides examples of Fantom's support for object-oriented, functional, declarative, and dynamic programming paradigms. It lists companies and projects using Fantom including X5, F4 IDE, Terminals, and Kloudo.com. The document encourages readers to get involved with the Fantom community and language.
Scala is a multi-paradigm programming language that runs on the JVM. It combines object-oriented and functional programming concepts. SBT is the build tool used for Scala projects and allows for incremental compilation. Scala has a uniform approach to collections that emphasizes immutability and uses higher-order
C# 3.0 introduces many features common in functional programming languages like generics, first-class functions, lambda expressions, and type inference. However, C# retains its object-oriented roots, and some features like datatypes and laziness remain more fully realized in pure functional languages. While C# supports programming in a functional style, its performance characteristics and lack of optimizations mean it may not be a serious competitor to ML and Haskell for functional programming tasks.
C# is a functional programming language that has incorporated many features from functional languages like ML and Haskell over time. C# 3.0 in particular adds lambda expressions, type inference, and other features that bring it closer to functional languages while still maintaining its object-oriented roots. However, it lacks some advanced functional capabilities like datatypes and pattern matching, and iterator performance can be worse than lazy evaluation in pure functional languages.
This document discusses type classes in Scala and Haskell. It provides a recap of implicits in Scala, including implicit parameters, conversions, and views. It then introduces type class concepts and examples from the Scala standard library like Ordering and Numeric. It explains how to define a Printable type class and instances for types like Int and Cat. It discusses improved designs using companion objects and implicit classes. Finally, it covers where to define type class instances, such as for standard types in the companion object and domain types in their package.
Most developers are aware about design patterns. The difficulty is not in understanding them but in getting an intuitive understanding of when and how to apply them. In this session, we'll go through a case study of how a tiny interpreter (of course written in Java) may implement different design patterns.
The link to source code is:
https://github.com/CodeOpsTech/InterpreterDesignPatterns
The document discusses various object-oriented programming concepts in C#, including abstraction, encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, interfaces, abstract classes, virtual methods, classes, sealed classes, and provides code examples for foreach loops, switch statements, arrays, data types, boxing and unboxing, overloading and overriding, interfaces, classes vs. structures, access modifiers, abstract classes, and sealed classes.
The document provides an overview and summary of key features of C# classes, including:
- Class declaration syntax and default access levels
- Constructors and initializing fields
- Static and readonly fields
- Value and reference parameters
- Arrays as reference types that can be initialized with shorthand syntax
It also briefly discusses the System.Array base class and how to safely access elements in multi-dimensional arrays.
The document discusses code generation and abstract syntax tree (AST) transformations. It provides an overview of Project Lombok, a Java library that generates boilerplate code through annotation processing and AST transformations. It also discusses how to analyze and transform code by visiting and rewriting AST nodes, giving examples of checking for null checks and instanceof expressions.
Quark: A Purely-Functional Scala DSL for Data Processing & AnalyticsJohn De Goes
Quark is a new Scala DSL for data processing and analytics that runs on top of the Quasar Analytics compiler. Quark is adept at processing semi-structured data and compiles query plans to operations that run entirely inside a target data source. In this presentation, John A. De Goes provides an overview of the open source library, showing several use cases in data processing and analytics. John also demonstrates a powerful technique that every developer can use to create their own purely-functional, type-safe DSLs in the Scala programming language.
These are the outline slides that I used for the Pune Clojure Course.
The slides may not be much useful standalone, but I have uploaded them for reference.
Similar to Declarative Name Binding and Scope Rules (20)
This document discusses syntactic editor services including formatting, syntax coloring, and syntactic completion. It describes how syntactic completion can be provided generically based on a syntax definition. The document also discusses how context-free grammars can be extended with templates to specify formatting layout when pretty-printing abstract syntax trees to text. Templates are used to insert whitespace, line breaks, and indentation to produce readable output.
This document provides an overview of parsing in compiler construction. It discusses context-free grammars and how they are used to generate sentences and parse trees through derivations. It also covers ambiguity that can arise from grammars and various grammar transformations used to eliminate ambiguity, including defining associativity and priority. The dangling else problem is presented as an example of an ambiguous grammar.
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This document provides an overview of the CS4200 Compiler Construction course at TU Delft. It discusses the course organization, structure, and assessment. The course is split into two parts - CS4200-A which covers concepts and techniques through lectures, papers, and homework assignments, and CS4200-B which involves building a compiler for a subset of Java as a semester-long project. Students will use the Spoofax language workbench to implement their compiler and will submit assignments through a private GitLab repository.
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Declarative Type System Specification with StatixEelco Visser
In this talk I present the design of Statix, a new constraint-based language for the executable specification of type systems. Statix specifications consist of predicates that define the well-formedness of language constructs in terms of built-in and user-defined constraints. Statix has a declarative semantics that defines whether a model satisfies a constraint. The operational semantics of Statix is defined as a sound constraint solving algorithm that searches for a solution for a constraint. The aim of the design is that Statix users can ignore the execution order of constraint solving and think in terms of the declarative semantics.
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https://eelcovisser.org/post/309/declarative-type-system-specification-with-statix
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Compiler construction techniques are applied beyond general-purpose languages through domain-specific languages (DSLs). The document discusses several DSLs developed using Spoofax including:
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This document discusses domain-specific languages (DSLs) for parallel graph analytics using PGX. It describes how DSLs allow users to implement graph algorithms and queries using high-level languages that are then compiled and optimized to run efficiently on PGX. Examples of DSL optimizations like multi-source breadth-first search are provided. The document also outlines the extensible compiler architecture used for DSLs, which can generate code for different backends like shared memory or distributed memory.
Compiler Construction | Lecture 15 | Memory ManagementEelco Visser
The document discusses different memory management techniques:
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2. Mark and sweep marks all reachable records from program roots and sweeps unmarked records, adding them to a free list.
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4. Generational collection focuses collection on younger object generations more frequently to improve efficiency.
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This document summarizes a lecture on interpreters for programming languages. It discusses how operational semantics can be used to define the meaning of a program through state transitions in an interpreter. It provides examples of defining the semantics of a simple language using DynSem, a domain-specific language for specifying operational semantics. DynSem specifications can be compiled to interpreters that execute programs in the defined language.
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This lecture covers type checking with constraints. It introduces the NaBL2 meta-language for writing type specifications as constraint generators that map a program to constraints. The constraints are then solved to determine if a program is well-typed. NaBL2 supports defining name binding and type structures through scope graphs and constraints over names, types, and scopes. Examples show type checking patterns in NaBL2 including variables, functions, records, and name spaces.
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This document summarizes a lecture on type checking. It discusses using constraints to separate the language-specific type checking rules from the language-independent solving algorithm. Constraint-based type checking collects constraints as it traverses the AST, then solves the constraints in any order. This allows type information to be learned gradually and avoids issues with computation order.
Compiler Construction | Lecture 6 | Introduction to Static AnalysisEelco Visser
Lecture introducing the need for static analysis in addition to parsing, the complications caused by names, and an introduction to name resolution with scope graphs
5. Populist Domain-Specific Programming
Internal DSL
Programmatic encoding
Limited abstraction from implementation strategy
Bound to specific host language
Captures implementation, not understanding
6. Context-free Grammars
"return" Exp ";" -> Stm {"Return"}
Type ID ";" -> Stm {"VarDef"}
Type ID "=" Exp ";" -> Stm {"VarDef"}
ID "=" Exp ";" -> Stm {"Assign"}
"if" "(" Exp ")" Block -> Stm {"If"}
"if" "(" Exp ")" Block "else" Block -> Stm {"IfElse"}
"for" "(" Type ID "=" Exp ";" Exp ";" Stm ")" Block -> Stm {"For"}
"{" Stm* "}" -> Block {"Block"}
Block -> Stm
for (int i = i; i <10 ; i = i + 1;) {
int i;
i = i + 1;
}
Pure and declarative syntax definition: paradise lost and regained. Lennart C. L. Kats, Eelco Visser, Guido Wachsmuth.
Onward 2010: 918-932
7. Fundamentalist Domain-Specific Programming
External DSL
Abstraction from implementation strategy
Not bound to specific host language
Captures understanding
(and room for many implementations)
18. What is the Problem?
Mental model:
Name binding is defined in terms of
programmatic encoding of name resolution
Rules encoded in many language operations
Abstractions try to reduce overhead
of the programmatic encoding
19. Name Binding in Xtext
grammar DomainModel with Terminals
Domainmodel :
elements += Type*
;
Type:
DataType | Entity
;
DataType:
'datatype' name = ID
;
Entity:
'entity' name = ID ('extends' superType = [Entity])? '{'
features += Feature*
'}'
;
Feature:
many?='many'? name = ID ':' type = [Type]
;
21. Definitions and Reference
class C {
Class(_, c, _, _): }
defines Class c
class D {
ClassType(c) : C x;
refers to Class c }
Base(c) : class E : D {
refers to Class c C x;
}
22. Design Choice: Grammar Annotations
"class" Type@=ID "{" ClassBodyDecl* "}" -> Definition {"Class"}
Type@ID -> Type {"ClassType"}
Class(_, c, _) :
defines Class c
ClassType(c) :
refers to Class c
23. Unique and Non-Unique Definitions
class D {
C1 x;
Class(NonPartial(), c, _, _) : }
defines unique Class c class C1 {
D d;
Class(Partial(), c, _, _) : }
defines non-unique Class c class C2: C1 {
Int i;
Base(c) : }
refers to Class c partial class C3: C2 {
Int j;
ClassType(c) : }
refers to Class c partial class C3 {
Int k;
}
24. Namespaces
namespaces
Class Method Field Variable
Class(NonPartial(), c, _, _):
defines unique Class c
Field(_, f) :
class x {
defines unique Field f
int x;
void x() {
Method(_, m, _, _):
int x; x = x + 1;
defines unique Method m
}
Call(m, _) :
}
refers to Method m
VarDef(_, v):
defines unique Variable v
VarRef(x):
refers to Variable x
otherwise refers to Field x
25. Scope
class C {
Class(NonPartial(), c, _, _): int y;
defines unique Class c void m() {
scopes Field, Method int x;
x = y + 1;
Class(Partial(), c, _, _): }
defines non-unique Class c }
scopes Field, Method
class D {
Method(_, m, _, _): void m() {
defines unique Method m int x;
scopes Variable int y;
{ int x; x = y + 1; }
Block(_): x = y + 1;
scopes Variable }
}
26. C# Namespaces are Scopes
namespace N {
class N {}
Namespace(n, _):
namespace N {
defines Namespace n
class N {}
scopes Namespace, Class
}
}
27. Imports
using N;
Using(qn):
imports Class from Namespace ns namespace M {
where qn refers to Namespace ns class C { int f; }
}
Base(c):
imports Field namespace O {
from Class c {transitive} class E: M.C {
imports Method void m() {}
from Class c {transitive} }
class F:E { }
}
28. Definition Context
class C {
Foreach(t, v, exp, body): void m(int[] x) {
defines Variable v foreach (int x in x)
of type t WriteLine(x);
in body }
}
29. Interaction with Type System (1)
class C {
int i;
}
FieldAccess(e, f): class D {
refers to Field f in c C c;
where e has type ClassType(c) int i;
void init() {
i = c.i;
}
}
30. Interaction with Type System (2)
class C {
int i;
int get() { return i; }
Method(t, m, ps, _) :
}
defines Method m of type t
class D {
MethodCall(e, m, _):
C c;
refers to Method m
int i;
of type t in c
void init() {
where e has type ClassType(c)
i = c.get();
}
}
31. Interaction with Type System (3)
Method(t, m, ps, _) : class C {
defines unique Method m void m() {}
of type (ts, t) void m(int x) {}
where ps has type ts void m(bool x) {}
void m(int x, int y) {}
Param(t, p): void m(bool x, bool y) {}
defines unique Variable p void x() {
of type t m();
m(42);
MethodCall(e, m, es): m(true);
refers to Method m m(21, 21);
of type (ts, t) in c m(true, false);
where e has type ClassType(c) }
where es has type ts }
32. Name Binding
class
defines partial class
type
refers inheritance
namespaces
namespace
using
scopes
method
field
imports variable
parameter
block
34. Name Binding Language in Spoofax (*)
derivation of editor services
checking
code completion
reference resolution
multi-file analysis
parallel evaluation
incremental evaluation
(*) alpha; NBL is compiled to Stratego implementation of
name resolution algorithm (ask me for pointers)
35. Outlook
Language definition = CFG + NBD + TS + DS
Single source for
Language reference manual
Efficient (incremental) compiler
Execution engine (interpreter)
Integrated development environment