This document discusses key concepts in decision making, organizing, and strategies within management. It outlines the decision making process as identifying problems, analyzing alternatives, choosing the best solution, and implementing and verifying decisions. It also describes types of policies, principles for formulating policies, and defines strategies as decisions aimed at achieving organizational goals. Finally, it lists the elements of organizing as determining activities, grouping activities into jobs and departments, assigning jobs, and linking positions in a network of authority and responsibility.

1. Presentation on Decision making & Organising

2. Decision making Decision making is an essential part of the every function of management . It is a process of selection of a particular action out of various alternatives. “ No business can survive without decision making.” Whatever a manager does , he does through decision making. - By Peter Drucker

3. Decision making process Identifying the problem Analyzing the problem Developing alternative solution Weighing alternative solution Choosing the best solution Implementing and verifying the decision

4. Policies Policies are not simple statements , they have certain purpose behind them. They are the guidelines on the general limits within which the members of an enterprise act.

5. Types of Policies Originated policies Traditional policies Policy by flat Externally imposed policies

6. Principles for the formulation of Policies Policies should aim at contributing to the achievement of enterprise objectives Policies should be definite and in writing Policies should be flexible and stable Lower level policies should be derived from high level policies Policies should be fair and equitable Policies should be periodically reviewed and modified

7. Strategies Strategies are the major part of an organization for the achievement of its objectives in an uncertain and competitive environment. Strategy may be defined as any decision or behaviour which , after taking into account the probable or actual actions , policies and strategies of competitors , suppliers , government , trade unions is aimed at achieving organizational goals. For example: Marketing strategy Personnel strategy Union relations strategy

8. Types of strategies External Economic strategies External Social strategies Internal Organizational strategies

9. Organising After the objectives of the enterprise have been determined, the next logical step in the managerial process is organising .

10. Elements of organising Determination of specific activities required for the implementation of plans and policies leading to the accomplishment of pre-determined goals. Logical regrouping of these activities into jobs , and regrouping of jobs into functions and departments so as to create effective inter-relationships and coordination among them. Assignment of jobs to specific people and positions. Linking them through a network of authority-responsibility relationships.

11. The End