Dear Researcher: Should I get my child a pet?
Recently, a parent reached out to me with the following question: Dear Researcher, my daughter has been asking for a pet for several years now, but I have been hesitant. What does the research say on the benefits of owning a pet? After receiving this question, I decided to dig into the research on the benefits and drawbacks of owning a pet. I have often heard of the positive emotional impact that owning a pet has, but I had not reviewed what the research said on this topic until receiving this question. So, thank you for your question reader!
Before viewing the benefits of pet ownership, I think it is important to first focus on the possible drawbacks. Research has shown that the biggest drawbacks of pet ownership is the stress caused from a pet’s death or worry about the pet’s safety (Bryant, 1990). While the death of a beloved pet is eventually inevitable, worries about safety could be reduced by having a pet safe environment within your home.
While the drawbacks are important to consider, there are also many benefits given to pet owners, such as increased emotional well-being. A recent study has shown that pets are an essential source of social support to their owners and their owners have an increased sense of emotional well-being associated with their pet ownership (McConnell, Brown, Shoda, Stayton, & Martin, 2011). Pets also have been shown to offer support to people facing a significant stress in their life (McConnell et al., 2011). The study conducted by Bryant (1990) that listed the drawbacks to pet ownership also agreed that pet ownership offers the owner emotional benefits.
Along with the emotional benefits, there are also important health benefits to owning a pet. People who interact with pets while in the hospital have better health outcomes (Friedmann, Barker, & Allen, 2011). Pet owners also have better medical outcomes on the whole when compared to non-pet owners (Friedmann et al., 2011). In addition, pet owners make fewer annual visits to the doctor’s office and are on less medications associated with sleeping issues and heart problems (Headey, 1999).
Overall, the research is in strong support of the benefits to owning a pet. From the health benefits to the emotional benefits given to a child, owning a pet definitely has its perks. However, the research is focused on cat and dog ownership, so these benefits may not apply to more low maintenance pets such as fish. Please be sure to consider if your house can accommodate the needs of owning a pet before adopting or purchasing one! This list of ten considerations may be helpful to view before you purchase a pet of your own. As a proud pet owner myself, I wish you the best of luck on your new pet journey! Feel free to ask any further questions about pet ownership below.
4
Weekly journal #3
Ahmed Rahhali
GRAD 695
Research configuration can be clarified as the reason behind the lead of the exploration. The examination configurat.
The Anotated bilography should look like this Social1) S.docxmattinsonjanel
The Anotated bilography should look like this:
Social:
1) Strachan, Juliet, and Vincent Pavie-Latour. "Food for Thought." International Journal of Market Research 50.01 (2008): 13-27. Print. Since a long time, people argued wither to concentrate advertisements on children and youth. Children an Youth are our society while the advertisement is one of the important tool to make marketing. We have to care about our generations and not to stop making business. Here is an article supporting my idea.
2) Gbadamosi, Ayantunji, Robert E. Hinson, Eddy K. Tukamushaba, and Irene Ingunjiri. "Children’s Attitudinal Reactions to TV Advertisements." International Journal of Market Research 54.4 (2012): 543+. Print. It's a study has been done on African Children to figure how they behave and thier reactions. The study provede that kids have point in thier mantelaty they can analysis and get feedback from them.Its case of study helps me in certain way.
3)
4)
5)
Economics:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Politics:
1)
Quinlan, Mark. "Thousands Could Lose Internet Access July 9 Due to Virus." CNBC News (2012): n. pag. CBCnews. CBC/Radio Canada, 04 July 2012. Web. 05 Aug. 2014. Lot of information about internet and how to secure our children from the abusers. It helps me in statistics and ways to be awareness and useful methods to use.
2)
Messmer, Ellen. "The Worst Data Breach Incidents of 2012 – So Far." The Worst Data Breach Incidents of 2012 – So Far. N.p., 18 June 2012. Web. 30 July 2014. Its related to my article by the statistics it has.
3)
Author is trying to explain how can we afford the safe environment to Internet to kids with all support ways to improve the kids' skills. In Europe, governments are supporting the childhood privacy in more secure sites. "Particular attention will be paid to soft law adopted in the UK and in France." Its such an awesome source taking about law in our case of study.
4)
5)
http://web.a.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.library.ewu.edu/ehost/detail/detail?sid=13c127bb-2ef4-4388-bde6-190c2cd83e35%40sessionmgr4004&vid=2&hid=4214&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRl#db=bth&AN=37362616
http://web.a.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.library.ewu.edu/ehost/detail/detail?sid=84b2632c-da79-4031-8c5a-a932a345513b%40sessionmgr4004&vid=0&hid=4214&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRl#db=bth&AN=78072523
http://web.a.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.library.ewu.edu/ehost/detail/detail?sid=be241d5d-6c48-4a67-8550-87ee54dc1e6f%40sessionmgr4001&vid=0&hid=4214&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRl#db=bth&AN=96330681
http://web.a.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.library.ewu.edu/ehost/detail/detail?vid=8&sid=a5068c93-d46a-4f6c-ae99-dfe9e542cf0d%40sessionmgr4001&hid=4214&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRl#db=bth&AN=27996445
He used the following resources: (you may use the first one and what you see as it works well with the essay)
Some sorces and links that needed in the annotated bibliography
In Defense of Data (2013) ‘Data Breach tre ...
A slideshow on public policy analysis, presented by Ferdous Arfina, faculty and chair, Department of Public administration, University of Dhaka. It describes various aspects of policy analysis including typologies and contexts in Bangladesh.
How to Improve Healthcare Reporting Management System.pptxFlutter Agency
Here in this article, you will see the tips about the healthcare reporting management system. Read these top 8 tips to improve the Healthcare Reporting Management System.
The Anotated bilography should look like this Social1) S.docxmattinsonjanel
The Anotated bilography should look like this:
Social:
1) Strachan, Juliet, and Vincent Pavie-Latour. "Food for Thought." International Journal of Market Research 50.01 (2008): 13-27. Print. Since a long time, people argued wither to concentrate advertisements on children and youth. Children an Youth are our society while the advertisement is one of the important tool to make marketing. We have to care about our generations and not to stop making business. Here is an article supporting my idea.
2) Gbadamosi, Ayantunji, Robert E. Hinson, Eddy K. Tukamushaba, and Irene Ingunjiri. "Children’s Attitudinal Reactions to TV Advertisements." International Journal of Market Research 54.4 (2012): 543+. Print. It's a study has been done on African Children to figure how they behave and thier reactions. The study provede that kids have point in thier mantelaty they can analysis and get feedback from them.Its case of study helps me in certain way.
3)
4)
5)
Economics:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Politics:
1)
Quinlan, Mark. "Thousands Could Lose Internet Access July 9 Due to Virus." CNBC News (2012): n. pag. CBCnews. CBC/Radio Canada, 04 July 2012. Web. 05 Aug. 2014. Lot of information about internet and how to secure our children from the abusers. It helps me in statistics and ways to be awareness and useful methods to use.
2)
Messmer, Ellen. "The Worst Data Breach Incidents of 2012 – So Far." The Worst Data Breach Incidents of 2012 – So Far. N.p., 18 June 2012. Web. 30 July 2014. Its related to my article by the statistics it has.
3)
Author is trying to explain how can we afford the safe environment to Internet to kids with all support ways to improve the kids' skills. In Europe, governments are supporting the childhood privacy in more secure sites. "Particular attention will be paid to soft law adopted in the UK and in France." Its such an awesome source taking about law in our case of study.
4)
5)
http://web.a.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.library.ewu.edu/ehost/detail/detail?sid=13c127bb-2ef4-4388-bde6-190c2cd83e35%40sessionmgr4004&vid=2&hid=4214&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRl#db=bth&AN=37362616
http://web.a.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.library.ewu.edu/ehost/detail/detail?sid=84b2632c-da79-4031-8c5a-a932a345513b%40sessionmgr4004&vid=0&hid=4214&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRl#db=bth&AN=78072523
http://web.a.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.library.ewu.edu/ehost/detail/detail?sid=be241d5d-6c48-4a67-8550-87ee54dc1e6f%40sessionmgr4001&vid=0&hid=4214&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRl#db=bth&AN=96330681
http://web.a.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.library.ewu.edu/ehost/detail/detail?vid=8&sid=a5068c93-d46a-4f6c-ae99-dfe9e542cf0d%40sessionmgr4001&hid=4214&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRl#db=bth&AN=27996445
He used the following resources: (you may use the first one and what you see as it works well with the essay)
Some sorces and links that needed in the annotated bibliography
In Defense of Data (2013) ‘Data Breach tre ...
A slideshow on public policy analysis, presented by Ferdous Arfina, faculty and chair, Department of Public administration, University of Dhaka. It describes various aspects of policy analysis including typologies and contexts in Bangladesh.
How to Improve Healthcare Reporting Management System.pptxFlutter Agency
Here in this article, you will see the tips about the healthcare reporting management system. Read these top 8 tips to improve the Healthcare Reporting Management System.
Critique Template for a Mixed-Methods StudyNURS 6052We.docxannettsparrow
Critique Template for a Mixed-Methods Study
NURS 6052
Week 6 Assignment: Application: Critiquing Quantitative, Qualitative, or Mixed Methods Studies (due by Day 7 of Week 7)
Date:
Your name:
Article reference (in APA style):
URL:
What is a critique? Simply stated, a critique is a critical analysis undertaken for some purpose. Nurses critique research for three main reasons: to improve their practice, to broaden their understanding, and to provide a base for the conduct of a study.
When the purpose is to improve practice, nurses must give special consideration to questions such as these:
· Are the research findings appropriate to my practice setting and situation?
· What further research or pilot studies need to be done, if any, before incorporating findings into practice to assure both safety and effectiveness?
· How might a proposed change in practice trigger changes in other aspects of practice?
To help you synthesize your learning throughout this course and prepare you to utilize research in your practice, you will be critiquing a qualitative, quantitative, or mixed-methods research study of your choice.
If the article is unavailable in a full-text version through the Walden University Library, you must e-mail the article as a PDF or Word attachment to your Instructor.
MIXED-METHODS RESEARCH CRITIQUE
1. Research Issue and Purpose
What is the research question or issue of the referenced study? What is its purpose? (Sometimes ONLY the purpose is stated clearly and the question must be inferred from the introductory discussion of the purpose.)
1. Researcher Pre-understandings and / or Hypotheses and Research Questions
Does the article include a discussion of the researcher’s pre-understandings? What does the article disclose about the researcher’s professional and personal perspectives on the research problem? What are the hypotheses (or research questions/objectives) of the study? (Sometimes the hypotheses or study questions are listed in the Results section, rather than preceding the report of the methodology used. Occasionally, there will be no mention of hypotheses, but anytime there are inferential statistics used, the reader can recognize what the hypotheses are from looking at the results of statistical analysis.)
2. Literature Review
What is the quality of the literature review? Is the literature review current, relevant? Is there evidence that the author critiqued the literature or merely reported it without critique? Is there an integrated summary of the current knowledge base regarding the research problem, or does the literature review contain opinion or anecdotal articles without any synthesis or summary of the whole? (Sometimes the literature review is incorporated into the introductory section without being explicitly identified.)
3. Theoretical or Conceptual Framework
Is a theoretical or conceptual framework identified? If so, what is it? Is it a nursing framework or one drawn from another.
This is an exclusive presentation on data collection for researchers in National Institutes Labor of Administration & Training (NILAT), Ministry of production, government of Pakistan
Assignment DescriptionA reputable hospital has high quality .docxluearsome
Assignment Description
A reputable hospital has high quality ratings from patient satisfaction surveys but is still losing market share. For many years, health care organizations, as well as traditional businesses, have been frustrated that high customer satisfaction scores do not necessarily lead to higher levels of profitability or sales.
Prepare a report examining this phenomenon that address the following elements:
Evaluate and explain inconsistency between customer satisfaction scores and profitability and why it tends to exist in health care organizations.
Apply the statistical procedures discussed in class to support (or refute) the inconsistency.
Assess price vs. quality of services as well as the impact of insurance or managed care contracts on a hospital's market share, regardless of patient satisfaction levels.
Explain how you could use high patient satisfaction results to your advantage when negotiating a new managed care contract for the hospital. Discuss ethical issues involved when presenting results.
Discuss how qualitative and quantitative data can be used to help this hospital improve market share.
The body of the resultant report should be 5–7 pages and include at least 5 relevant peer-reviewed academic or professional references published within the past 5 years.
Library Resources:
Statistical Analysis 1 Below is a list of articles and summary descriptions on effective communication in health care. Click here to use the online library to search for the complete articles. Article 1 The increased use of meta-analysis in systematic reviews of health care interventions has highlighted several types of bias that can arise during the completion of a randomized controlled trial. Study publication bias and outcome reporting bias have been recognized as potential threats to the validity of meta-analysis and can make the readily available evidence unreliable for decision making. This update reviews and summarizes the evidence from cohort studies that have assessed study publication bias or outcome reporting bias in randomized controlled trials. Twenty studies were eligible, of which four were newly identified in this update. Only two followed the cohort all the way through from protocol approval to information regarding the publication of outcomes. Fifteen of the studies investigated study publication bias and five investigated outcome reporting bias. Three studies have found that statistically significant outcomes had higher odds of being fully reported as compared to nonsignificant outcomes (range of odds ratios: 2.2–4.7). In comparing trial publications to protocols, it was found that 40–62% of studies had at least one primary outcome that was changed, introduced, or omitted. It was decided not to undertake meta-analysis because of the differences between studies. This update does not change the conclusions of the review in which 16 studies were included. Direct empirical evidence for the existence of study publica ...
Principles of Surgical Audit presented by Meeran Earfan, Kurdistan Board Trainee/General Surgery in Sulaimaniyah Teaching Hospital, As Sulaimaniyah, Iraq
Complete the following assignments using excel and the following tLynellBull52
Complete the following assignments using excel and the following template:
· Assignment – Statement
· Identify Business Problem -
“Define Problem statement [aka Case Analysis Assignment]”
· Analytics Tools and Models used and results
· Interpretation, Discussion, and Analysis of Findings and Results –
Interpretation, Discussion, and Analysis of outcomes and results of Analytics Tools and Models used
· Tip: Support your Interpretation, Discussion, and Analysis of Results with the numbers you developed in your:
· Analytics Tools and Models used results
· Business Analytics Case Analysis EXCEL model(s) and outcomes and results
· Recommendations
Assignment information:
The worksheet Purchasing Survey in the Performance Lawn Care database provides data related to predicting the level of business (Usage Level) obtained from a third-party survey of purchasing managers of customers Performance Lawn Care.
The seven PLE attributes rated by each respondent are
8 The data and description of this case are based on the HATCO example on pages 28–29 in Joseph F. Hair, Jr., Rolph E. Anderson, Ronald L. Tatham, and William C. Black, Multivariate Analysis, 5th ed. (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1998).
· Delivery speed —the amount of time it takes to deliver the product once an order is confirmed
· Price level —the perceived level of price charged by PLE
· Price flexibility —the perceived willingness of PLE representatives to negotiate price on all types of purchases
· Manufacturing image —the overall image of the manufacturer
· Overall service —the overall level of service necessary for maintaining a satisfactory relationship between PLE and the purchaser
· Sales force image —the overall image of the PLE’s sales force
· Product quality —perceived level of quality
Responses to these seven variables were obtained using a graphic rating scale, where a 10-centimeter line was drawn between endpoints labeled “poor” and “excellent.” Respondents indicated their perceptions using a mark on the line, which was measured from the left endpoint. The result was a scale from 0 to 10 rounded to one decimal place.
Two measures were obtained that reflected the outcomes of the respondent’s purchase relationships with PLE:
· Usage level —how much of the firm’s total product is purchased from PLE, measured on a 100-point scale, ranging from 0% to 100%
· Satisfaction level —how satisfied the purchaser is with past purchases from PLE, measured on the same graphic rating scale as perceptions 1 through 7
The data also include four characteristics of the responding firms:
· Size of firm —size relative to others in this market (0=small;1=large)(0=small;1=large)
· Purchasing structure —the purchasing method used in a particular company (1=centralized procurement,0=dec ...
Deadline 6 PM Friday September 27, 201310 Project Management Que.docxedwardmarivel
Deadline 6 PM Friday September 27, 2013
10 Project Management Questions with sub-questions under each question. A word document is provided with all questions and directions.
Problem 1
The following data were obtained from a project to create a new portable electronic.
Activity
Duration
Predecessors
A
5 Days
---
B
6 Days
---
C
8 Days
---
D
4 Days
A, B
E
3 Days
C
F
5 Days
D
G
5 Days
E, F
H
9 Days
D
I
12 Days
G
Step 1: Construct a network diagram for the project.
Step 2: Answer the following questions:
a)
What is the Scheduled Completion of the Project?
b)
What is the Critical Path of the Project?
c)
What is the ES for Activity D?
d)
What is the LS for Activity G?
e)
What is the EF for Activity B?
f)
What is the LF for Activity H?
g)
What is the float for Activity I?
Problem 2
The following data were obtained from a project to build a pressure vessel:
Activity
Duration
Predecessors
A
6 weeks
---
B
6 weeks
---
C
5 weeks
B
D
4 weeks
A, C
E
5 weeks
B
F
7 weeks
D, E, G
G
4 weeks
B
H
8 weeks
F
I
5 weeks
G
J
3 week
I
Step 1: Construct a network diagram for the project.
Step 2: Answer the following questions:
a)
Calculate the scheduled completion time.
b)
Identify the critical path
c)
What is the slack time (float) for activity A?
d)
What is the slack time (float) for activity D?
e) What is the slack time (float) for activity E?
f) What is the slack time (float) for activity G?
Problem 3
The following data were obtained from a project to design a new software package:
Activity
Duration
Predecessors
A
5 Days
---
B
8 Days
---
C
6 Days
A
D
4 Days
C, B
E
5 Days
A
F
4 Days
D, E, G
G
4 Days
B, C
H
3 Day
G
Step 1: Construct a network diagram for the project.
Step 2: Answer the following questions:
a)
Calculate the scheduled completion time.
b)
Identify the critical path(s)
c)
What is the slack time (float) for activity B?
d)
What is the slack time (float) for activity D?
e) What is the slack time (float) for activity E?
f) What is the slack time (float) for activity G?
Problem 4
The following data were obtained from an in-house MIS project:
Activity
Duration
Predecessors
A
5 Days
---
B
8 Days
---
C
5 Days
A
D
4 Days
B
E
5 Days
B
F
3 Day
C, D
G
7 Days
C, D
H
6 Days
E, F, G
I
9 Days
E, F
Step 1: Construct a network diagram for the project.
Step 2: Answer the following questions:
a)
Calculate the scheduled completion time.
b)
Identify the critical path
c)
What is the slack time (float) for activity A?
d)
What is the slack time (float) for activity D?
e)
What is the slack time (float) for activity E?
f)
What is the slack time (float) for activity F?
PROBLEM 5
Use the network diagram below and the additional information provided to answer the corresponding questions.
a) Give the crash cost per day per activity.
b) Which activities should be crash.
DEADLINE 15 HOURS
6 PAGES
UNDERGRADUATE
COURSEWORK
HARVARD FORMATING
DOUBLE SPACING
INSTRUCTIONS
This assignment seeks to assess your ability to:
• Critically evaluate and discuss the major developments during 2017 in corporate taxation from the perspective of multinational companies and their auditors, governments and other stakeholders.
• Apply appropriate knowledge, analytical techniques and concepts to problems and issues arising from both familiar and unfamiliar situations;
• Think critically, examine problems and issues from a number of perspectives, challenge viewpoints, ideas and concepts and make well-reasoned judgements;
• Present, discuss and defend ideas, concepts and views effectively through formal language.
Background:
In the final weeks of 2017 a leading tax expert suggested that “a whirlwind of international tax changes has swept the globe”. He also went on to say that for companies operating in Europe there is no end in sight to the pace of change. The final recommendations on base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS) from the OECD have been endorsed by the EU. In fact a number of European governments have already implemented large parts of these proposals ahead of schedule.
The third quarter of the year saw the European Commission in the spotlight with its landmark decision that the technology giant Apple must repay no less than €13 billion of taxes to the Irish government. This ruling was based on the view that the favourable tax treatment was effectively state aid and hence the Irish government had broken EU law. At the same time countries across the world continue to compete by reducing the rate of corporate taxes. Many commentators suggest that the UK government will cut the corporate tax rate to 10% if the country fails to negotiate a trade deal with the European Union as part of the Brexit process. In a separate development earlier in the year the government of Hungary announced it would become the tax haven of Central Europe with a plan to reduce corporation tax to a mere 9%.
Required:
You are to write a report for the Board of Directors of a listed global company that has manufacturing and R&D activities across Europe, Asia, Australasia and America. The report should assume that the directors have detailed knowledge of the group activities but are not taxation specialists. However they would be aware of issues relating to corporate governance, transparency and reputational risks.
The report should cover the following aspects:
Evaluate the major developments that occurred in corporate taxation in 2017 and the issues that may arise in the current year.
Discuss the implications for the group in regard to the relationship with its auditors.
Consider how other stakeholders and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) may be affected by changes in the level of corporate taxes and their possible reaction.
The resources below are on Blackboard and provide an introduction to the topic.
“Corpor.
De nada.El gusto es mío.Encantada.Me llamo Pepe.Muy bien, grac.docxedwardmarivel
De nada. El gusto es mío. Encantada. Me llamo Pepe.
Muy bien, gracias. Nada. Nos vemos. Soy de Argentina.
1. ¿Cómo te llamas?
2. ¿Qué hay de nuevo?
3. ¿De dónde eres?
4. Adiós.
5. ¿Cómo está usted?
6. Mucho gusto.
7. Te presento a la señora Díaz.
8. Muchas gracias.
Modelo ¡Hola! Buenos días.
Adiós cómo Chau de eres
es está gusto Hasta Le
mío Muy Soy usted vemos
1. ANA Buenos días, señor González. ¿Cómo (1) (2) ?
SR. GONZÁLEZ (3) bien, gracias. Y tú, ¿(4) estás?
ANA Regular. (5) presento a Antonio.
SR. GONZÁLEZ Mucho (6) , Antonio.
ANTONIO El gusto (7) (8) .
SR. GONZÁLEZ ¿De dónde (9) , Antonio?
ANTONIO (10) (11) México.
ANA (12) luego, señor González.
SR. GONZÁLEZ Nos (13) , Ana.
ANTONIO (14) , señor González.
• • Hasta mañana.
• Nos vemos.
• Buenos días.
• Hasta pronto.
• • ¿Qué tal?
• Regular.
• ¿Qué pasa?
• ¿Cómo estás?
• • Puerto Rico
• Washington
• México
• Estados Unidos
• • Muchas gracias.
• Muy bien, gracias.
• No muy bien.
• Regular.
• • ¿De dónde eres?
• ¿Cómo está usted?
• ¿De dónde es usted?
• ¿Cómo se llama usted?
• • Chau.
• Buenos días.
• Hola.
• ¿Qué tal?
Modelo un papel
unos papeles
1. : unas fotografías
2. : un día
3. : un cuaderno
4. : unos pasajeros
5. : una computadora
6. : unas escuelas
7. : unos videos
8. : un programa
9. : unos autobuses
10. : una palabra
Modelo el señor Díaz
Addresing him: usted
Talking about him: él
1. Don Francisco
Addressing him:
Talking about him:
2. Jimena y Marissa
Addressing them:
Talking about them:
3. Maru y Miguel
Addressing them:
Talking about them:
4. la profesora
Addressing her:
Talking about her:
5. un estudiante
Addressing him:
Talking about him:
6. el director de una escuela
Addressing him:
Talking about him:
7. tres chicas
Addressing them:
Talking about them:
8. un pasajero de autobús
Addressing him:
Talking about him:
9. Juan Carlos y Felipe
Addressing them:
Talking about them:
10. una turista
Addressing her:
Talking about her:
Modelo Ustedes son profesores.
Nosotros somos profesores.
1. Nosotros somos estudiantes.
Ustedes .
2. Usted es de Puerto Rico.
Ella .
3. Nosotros somos conductores.
Ellos .
4. Yo soy turista.
Tú .
5. Ustedes son de México.
Nosotras .
6. Ella es profesora.
Yo .
7. Tú eres de España.
Él .
8. Ellos son pasajeros.
Ellas
Modelo Yo soy Jorge.
1. Hola, me llamo Jorge y de Cuba. Pilar y Nati de España. Pedro, Juan y Paco de México. Todos estudiantes. La señorita Blasco de San Antonio. Ella la profesora. Luis el conductor. Él de Puerto Rico. Ellos de los Estados Unidos. El autobús de la agencia Marazul. Todos pasajeros de la agencia de viajes Marazul. Perdón, ¿de dónde tú, quién ella y de quién las maletas?
Modelo nombre / el pasajero
Es el nombre del pasajero.
.
DDL 24 hours reading the article and writing a 1-page doubl.docxedwardmarivel
DDL:
24 hours
reading the article and writing a
1-page double space
annotated bibliography
including:
1.reference
2.specify the concept you will use
3.explain its significance to the course
4.specify how you'll use it in your project
see the article and project inf below
.
*
DCF valuation methodSuper-normal growth modelApplications: single CF, annuity, perpetuity, uneven CFs, bond, stock, etc.
LECTURE 2 Valuation Basics
(Chapters 4, 6, 7)
*
Amount of cash flows expectedRisk of the cash flows Timing of the cash flow stream
Factors that Determine Value
*
DCF Method: General Formula
Finding PVs is discounting. The discount factor i is determined by the cost of capital invested.
*
10%
Single Cash Flow
100
0
1
2
3
PV = ?
What’s the PV of $100 due in 3 years if i = 10%?
*
Financial Calculator Setup
BGN END
P/Y 1
FORMAT: DEC 4 or larger
*
Financial Calculator
Solution
s
N I/YR PV PMTFV
?
N = 3, I/YR = 10, PMT = 0, FV = 100
CPT, PV
-75.13
/
INPUTS
OUTPUT
*
Spreadsheet
.
DDBA 8307 Week 2 Assignment Exemplar
John Doe[footnoteRef:1] [1: Type your name here]
DDBA 8307-6[footnoteRef:2] [2: Type in DDBA section number (e.g. DDBA 8307 – 6) ]
Dr. Jane Doe[footnoteRef:3] [3: Enter faculty name here.]
1
Scales of Measurement
Type text here. Discuss the implications of “scales of measurement” in quantitative research. Be sure to use a minimum of two citations to support your position(s). Be sure to review the “Scales of Measurement” media from Week 1. This section should be no more than two paragraphs.
Research Question
What are the means, standard deviations, frequencies, and percentages of the Lesson 21 Exercise File variables?
Presentation of Findings
I analyzed data from Lesson 21 Exercise File [footnoteRef:4]. In this section, I present descriptive statistics for the study quantitative and qualitative variables. Appropriate APA tables and figures accompany the analysis[footnoteRef:5]. [4: Insert the appropriate file name. ] [5: The tables and figures from your SPSS output will need to be copied and pasted in the appropriate location.]
Descriptive Statistics[footnoteRef:6] [6: Detailed information can be found in Lesson 20, “Univariate Descriptive Statistics for Qualitative Variables,” and Lesson 21, “Univariate Descriptive Statistics for Quantitative Variables,” in the Green and Salkind text.
]
Descriptive statistics were run for the quantitative and qualitative variables in the Week 1 Assignment data set. Table 1 depicts the means and standard deviations for the quantitative data. Figure 1 depicts a histogram for the GPA variable. Table 2 depicts the frequencies and percentages for the qualitative (categorical) data. Figure 2 depicts a pie chart for the ethnic variable. Appendix 1 depicts the SPSS output.
Table 1[footnoteRef:7] [7: This is an example of an APA-formatted descriptive statistics table. Refer to Sections 5.01-5.19, in the APA Manual for detailed information on APA tables. The descriptive statistics table here includes the appropriate information derived from the SPSS output that is to be pasted as an appendix. Do not split tables across pages. Note: The numbers in the SPSS output presented here are fictitious numbers and do not represent correct numbers in the data set you will use for this application.
]
Means (M) and Standard Deviations (SD) for Study
Quantitative Variables (N = 105)
Variable[footnoteRef:8] [8: You would simply add rows to the table to accommodate the variables you have used in the analysis (i.e., variable 3, variable 4, etc.). Hint: Use the Microsoft Word Table feature.
]
M
SD
GPA
2.78
.76
Final
61.48
7.94
Percent
80.34
12.12
Figure 1. Histogram of GPA distribution.
Table 2[footnoteRef:9] [9: Recall from Lesson 20, “Univariate Descriptive Statistics for Qualitative Variables” (Green & Salkind, 2017), frequencies and percentages are reported for qualitative (nominal) variables. Note: Frequency and percentages are the only c.
DBM380 v14Create a DatabaseDBM380 v14Page 2 of 2Create a D.docxedwardmarivel
DBM/380 v14
Create a Database
DBM/380 v14
Page 2 of 2Create a Database
The following assignment is based on the business scenario for which you created both an entity-relationship diagram and a normalized database design in Week 2.
For this assignment, you will create multiple related tables that match your normalized database design. In other words, you will implement a physical design (an actual, usable database) based on a logical design.
Refer to the linked W3Schools.com articles “SQL CREATE TABLE Statement,” “SQL PRIMARY KEY Constraint,” “SQL FOREIGN KEY Constraint,” and “SQL INSERT INTO Statement” for help in completing this assignment.
Note: In the industry, even the most carefully thought out database designs can contain mistakes. Feel free to correct in your tables any mistakes you notice in your normalized database design. Also, note that in Microsoft® Access®, you follow the steps below to launch the SQL editor:
Figure 1. To create a SQL query in Microsoft® Access®, begin by clicking the CREATE tab.
To Complete This Assignment:
1. Use the CREATE TABLE statement to create each table in your design. Note that a table in a RDMS corresponds to an entity in an entity-relationship diagram. Recommended tables for this assignment are CUSTOMER, ORDER, ORDER_DETAIL, PRODUCT, EMPLOYEE, and STORE.
2. As part of each CREATE TABLE statement, define all of the columns, or fields, that you want each particular table to contain. Give them short, meaningful names and include constraints; that is, describe what type of data each column (field) is allowed to hold and any other constraints, such as size, range, or uniqueness.
3. Note that any field you marked as a unique identifier in your normalized database design is a key field. Key fields must be described as both UNIQUE and NOT NULL, which means a value must exist for each record and that value must be unique across all records.
4. After you have created all six tables, including relationships between the tables as appropriate (matching the primary key in one table to a foreign key in another table), use the INSERT INTO statement to insert 10 records into each of your tables. You will need to make up the data you insert into your tables. For example, to insert one record into the CUSTOMER table, you will need to invent a customer number, a customer name, and so on—one value for each of the fields you defined for the CUSTOMER table—to insert into the table.
5. To ensure that your INSERT INTO statements succeeded in populating your tables, use the SELECT statement described in Ch. 7, “Introduction to Structured Query Language,” in Database Systems: Design, Implementation, and Management.to retrieve the records you inserted. For example, to see all 10 records you inserted into the CUSTOMER table, you might apply the following SQL statement: SELECT * FROM CUSTOMER;
After you have created all six tables and populated ten records in each table, submit to the Assignment Files tab the database containin.
Critique Template for a Mixed-Methods StudyNURS 6052We.docxannettsparrow
Critique Template for a Mixed-Methods Study
NURS 6052
Week 6 Assignment: Application: Critiquing Quantitative, Qualitative, or Mixed Methods Studies (due by Day 7 of Week 7)
Date:
Your name:
Article reference (in APA style):
URL:
What is a critique? Simply stated, a critique is a critical analysis undertaken for some purpose. Nurses critique research for three main reasons: to improve their practice, to broaden their understanding, and to provide a base for the conduct of a study.
When the purpose is to improve practice, nurses must give special consideration to questions such as these:
· Are the research findings appropriate to my practice setting and situation?
· What further research or pilot studies need to be done, if any, before incorporating findings into practice to assure both safety and effectiveness?
· How might a proposed change in practice trigger changes in other aspects of practice?
To help you synthesize your learning throughout this course and prepare you to utilize research in your practice, you will be critiquing a qualitative, quantitative, or mixed-methods research study of your choice.
If the article is unavailable in a full-text version through the Walden University Library, you must e-mail the article as a PDF or Word attachment to your Instructor.
MIXED-METHODS RESEARCH CRITIQUE
1. Research Issue and Purpose
What is the research question or issue of the referenced study? What is its purpose? (Sometimes ONLY the purpose is stated clearly and the question must be inferred from the introductory discussion of the purpose.)
1. Researcher Pre-understandings and / or Hypotheses and Research Questions
Does the article include a discussion of the researcher’s pre-understandings? What does the article disclose about the researcher’s professional and personal perspectives on the research problem? What are the hypotheses (or research questions/objectives) of the study? (Sometimes the hypotheses or study questions are listed in the Results section, rather than preceding the report of the methodology used. Occasionally, there will be no mention of hypotheses, but anytime there are inferential statistics used, the reader can recognize what the hypotheses are from looking at the results of statistical analysis.)
2. Literature Review
What is the quality of the literature review? Is the literature review current, relevant? Is there evidence that the author critiqued the literature or merely reported it without critique? Is there an integrated summary of the current knowledge base regarding the research problem, or does the literature review contain opinion or anecdotal articles without any synthesis or summary of the whole? (Sometimes the literature review is incorporated into the introductory section without being explicitly identified.)
3. Theoretical or Conceptual Framework
Is a theoretical or conceptual framework identified? If so, what is it? Is it a nursing framework or one drawn from another.
This is an exclusive presentation on data collection for researchers in National Institutes Labor of Administration & Training (NILAT), Ministry of production, government of Pakistan
Assignment DescriptionA reputable hospital has high quality .docxluearsome
Assignment Description
A reputable hospital has high quality ratings from patient satisfaction surveys but is still losing market share. For many years, health care organizations, as well as traditional businesses, have been frustrated that high customer satisfaction scores do not necessarily lead to higher levels of profitability or sales.
Prepare a report examining this phenomenon that address the following elements:
Evaluate and explain inconsistency between customer satisfaction scores and profitability and why it tends to exist in health care organizations.
Apply the statistical procedures discussed in class to support (or refute) the inconsistency.
Assess price vs. quality of services as well as the impact of insurance or managed care contracts on a hospital's market share, regardless of patient satisfaction levels.
Explain how you could use high patient satisfaction results to your advantage when negotiating a new managed care contract for the hospital. Discuss ethical issues involved when presenting results.
Discuss how qualitative and quantitative data can be used to help this hospital improve market share.
The body of the resultant report should be 5–7 pages and include at least 5 relevant peer-reviewed academic or professional references published within the past 5 years.
Library Resources:
Statistical Analysis 1 Below is a list of articles and summary descriptions on effective communication in health care. Click here to use the online library to search for the complete articles. Article 1 The increased use of meta-analysis in systematic reviews of health care interventions has highlighted several types of bias that can arise during the completion of a randomized controlled trial. Study publication bias and outcome reporting bias have been recognized as potential threats to the validity of meta-analysis and can make the readily available evidence unreliable for decision making. This update reviews and summarizes the evidence from cohort studies that have assessed study publication bias or outcome reporting bias in randomized controlled trials. Twenty studies were eligible, of which four were newly identified in this update. Only two followed the cohort all the way through from protocol approval to information regarding the publication of outcomes. Fifteen of the studies investigated study publication bias and five investigated outcome reporting bias. Three studies have found that statistically significant outcomes had higher odds of being fully reported as compared to nonsignificant outcomes (range of odds ratios: 2.2–4.7). In comparing trial publications to protocols, it was found that 40–62% of studies had at least one primary outcome that was changed, introduced, or omitted. It was decided not to undertake meta-analysis because of the differences between studies. This update does not change the conclusions of the review in which 16 studies were included. Direct empirical evidence for the existence of study publica ...
Principles of Surgical Audit presented by Meeran Earfan, Kurdistan Board Trainee/General Surgery in Sulaimaniyah Teaching Hospital, As Sulaimaniyah, Iraq
Complete the following assignments using excel and the following tLynellBull52
Complete the following assignments using excel and the following template:
· Assignment – Statement
· Identify Business Problem -
“Define Problem statement [aka Case Analysis Assignment]”
· Analytics Tools and Models used and results
· Interpretation, Discussion, and Analysis of Findings and Results –
Interpretation, Discussion, and Analysis of outcomes and results of Analytics Tools and Models used
· Tip: Support your Interpretation, Discussion, and Analysis of Results with the numbers you developed in your:
· Analytics Tools and Models used results
· Business Analytics Case Analysis EXCEL model(s) and outcomes and results
· Recommendations
Assignment information:
The worksheet Purchasing Survey in the Performance Lawn Care database provides data related to predicting the level of business (Usage Level) obtained from a third-party survey of purchasing managers of customers Performance Lawn Care.
The seven PLE attributes rated by each respondent are
8 The data and description of this case are based on the HATCO example on pages 28–29 in Joseph F. Hair, Jr., Rolph E. Anderson, Ronald L. Tatham, and William C. Black, Multivariate Analysis, 5th ed. (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1998).
· Delivery speed —the amount of time it takes to deliver the product once an order is confirmed
· Price level —the perceived level of price charged by PLE
· Price flexibility —the perceived willingness of PLE representatives to negotiate price on all types of purchases
· Manufacturing image —the overall image of the manufacturer
· Overall service —the overall level of service necessary for maintaining a satisfactory relationship between PLE and the purchaser
· Sales force image —the overall image of the PLE’s sales force
· Product quality —perceived level of quality
Responses to these seven variables were obtained using a graphic rating scale, where a 10-centimeter line was drawn between endpoints labeled “poor” and “excellent.” Respondents indicated their perceptions using a mark on the line, which was measured from the left endpoint. The result was a scale from 0 to 10 rounded to one decimal place.
Two measures were obtained that reflected the outcomes of the respondent’s purchase relationships with PLE:
· Usage level —how much of the firm’s total product is purchased from PLE, measured on a 100-point scale, ranging from 0% to 100%
· Satisfaction level —how satisfied the purchaser is with past purchases from PLE, measured on the same graphic rating scale as perceptions 1 through 7
The data also include four characteristics of the responding firms:
· Size of firm —size relative to others in this market (0=small;1=large)(0=small;1=large)
· Purchasing structure —the purchasing method used in a particular company (1=centralized procurement,0=dec ...
Similar to Dear Researcher Should I get my child a petRecently, a paren.docx (11)
Deadline 6 PM Friday September 27, 201310 Project Management Que.docxedwardmarivel
Deadline 6 PM Friday September 27, 2013
10 Project Management Questions with sub-questions under each question. A word document is provided with all questions and directions.
Problem 1
The following data were obtained from a project to create a new portable electronic.
Activity
Duration
Predecessors
A
5 Days
---
B
6 Days
---
C
8 Days
---
D
4 Days
A, B
E
3 Days
C
F
5 Days
D
G
5 Days
E, F
H
9 Days
D
I
12 Days
G
Step 1: Construct a network diagram for the project.
Step 2: Answer the following questions:
a)
What is the Scheduled Completion of the Project?
b)
What is the Critical Path of the Project?
c)
What is the ES for Activity D?
d)
What is the LS for Activity G?
e)
What is the EF for Activity B?
f)
What is the LF for Activity H?
g)
What is the float for Activity I?
Problem 2
The following data were obtained from a project to build a pressure vessel:
Activity
Duration
Predecessors
A
6 weeks
---
B
6 weeks
---
C
5 weeks
B
D
4 weeks
A, C
E
5 weeks
B
F
7 weeks
D, E, G
G
4 weeks
B
H
8 weeks
F
I
5 weeks
G
J
3 week
I
Step 1: Construct a network diagram for the project.
Step 2: Answer the following questions:
a)
Calculate the scheduled completion time.
b)
Identify the critical path
c)
What is the slack time (float) for activity A?
d)
What is the slack time (float) for activity D?
e) What is the slack time (float) for activity E?
f) What is the slack time (float) for activity G?
Problem 3
The following data were obtained from a project to design a new software package:
Activity
Duration
Predecessors
A
5 Days
---
B
8 Days
---
C
6 Days
A
D
4 Days
C, B
E
5 Days
A
F
4 Days
D, E, G
G
4 Days
B, C
H
3 Day
G
Step 1: Construct a network diagram for the project.
Step 2: Answer the following questions:
a)
Calculate the scheduled completion time.
b)
Identify the critical path(s)
c)
What is the slack time (float) for activity B?
d)
What is the slack time (float) for activity D?
e) What is the slack time (float) for activity E?
f) What is the slack time (float) for activity G?
Problem 4
The following data were obtained from an in-house MIS project:
Activity
Duration
Predecessors
A
5 Days
---
B
8 Days
---
C
5 Days
A
D
4 Days
B
E
5 Days
B
F
3 Day
C, D
G
7 Days
C, D
H
6 Days
E, F, G
I
9 Days
E, F
Step 1: Construct a network diagram for the project.
Step 2: Answer the following questions:
a)
Calculate the scheduled completion time.
b)
Identify the critical path
c)
What is the slack time (float) for activity A?
d)
What is the slack time (float) for activity D?
e)
What is the slack time (float) for activity E?
f)
What is the slack time (float) for activity F?
PROBLEM 5
Use the network diagram below and the additional information provided to answer the corresponding questions.
a) Give the crash cost per day per activity.
b) Which activities should be crash.
DEADLINE 15 HOURS
6 PAGES
UNDERGRADUATE
COURSEWORK
HARVARD FORMATING
DOUBLE SPACING
INSTRUCTIONS
This assignment seeks to assess your ability to:
• Critically evaluate and discuss the major developments during 2017 in corporate taxation from the perspective of multinational companies and their auditors, governments and other stakeholders.
• Apply appropriate knowledge, analytical techniques and concepts to problems and issues arising from both familiar and unfamiliar situations;
• Think critically, examine problems and issues from a number of perspectives, challenge viewpoints, ideas and concepts and make well-reasoned judgements;
• Present, discuss and defend ideas, concepts and views effectively through formal language.
Background:
In the final weeks of 2017 a leading tax expert suggested that “a whirlwind of international tax changes has swept the globe”. He also went on to say that for companies operating in Europe there is no end in sight to the pace of change. The final recommendations on base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS) from the OECD have been endorsed by the EU. In fact a number of European governments have already implemented large parts of these proposals ahead of schedule.
The third quarter of the year saw the European Commission in the spotlight with its landmark decision that the technology giant Apple must repay no less than €13 billion of taxes to the Irish government. This ruling was based on the view that the favourable tax treatment was effectively state aid and hence the Irish government had broken EU law. At the same time countries across the world continue to compete by reducing the rate of corporate taxes. Many commentators suggest that the UK government will cut the corporate tax rate to 10% if the country fails to negotiate a trade deal with the European Union as part of the Brexit process. In a separate development earlier in the year the government of Hungary announced it would become the tax haven of Central Europe with a plan to reduce corporation tax to a mere 9%.
Required:
You are to write a report for the Board of Directors of a listed global company that has manufacturing and R&D activities across Europe, Asia, Australasia and America. The report should assume that the directors have detailed knowledge of the group activities but are not taxation specialists. However they would be aware of issues relating to corporate governance, transparency and reputational risks.
The report should cover the following aspects:
Evaluate the major developments that occurred in corporate taxation in 2017 and the issues that may arise in the current year.
Discuss the implications for the group in regard to the relationship with its auditors.
Consider how other stakeholders and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) may be affected by changes in the level of corporate taxes and their possible reaction.
The resources below are on Blackboard and provide an introduction to the topic.
“Corpor.
De nada.El gusto es mío.Encantada.Me llamo Pepe.Muy bien, grac.docxedwardmarivel
De nada. El gusto es mío. Encantada. Me llamo Pepe.
Muy bien, gracias. Nada. Nos vemos. Soy de Argentina.
1. ¿Cómo te llamas?
2. ¿Qué hay de nuevo?
3. ¿De dónde eres?
4. Adiós.
5. ¿Cómo está usted?
6. Mucho gusto.
7. Te presento a la señora Díaz.
8. Muchas gracias.
Modelo ¡Hola! Buenos días.
Adiós cómo Chau de eres
es está gusto Hasta Le
mío Muy Soy usted vemos
1. ANA Buenos días, señor González. ¿Cómo (1) (2) ?
SR. GONZÁLEZ (3) bien, gracias. Y tú, ¿(4) estás?
ANA Regular. (5) presento a Antonio.
SR. GONZÁLEZ Mucho (6) , Antonio.
ANTONIO El gusto (7) (8) .
SR. GONZÁLEZ ¿De dónde (9) , Antonio?
ANTONIO (10) (11) México.
ANA (12) luego, señor González.
SR. GONZÁLEZ Nos (13) , Ana.
ANTONIO (14) , señor González.
• • Hasta mañana.
• Nos vemos.
• Buenos días.
• Hasta pronto.
• • ¿Qué tal?
• Regular.
• ¿Qué pasa?
• ¿Cómo estás?
• • Puerto Rico
• Washington
• México
• Estados Unidos
• • Muchas gracias.
• Muy bien, gracias.
• No muy bien.
• Regular.
• • ¿De dónde eres?
• ¿Cómo está usted?
• ¿De dónde es usted?
• ¿Cómo se llama usted?
• • Chau.
• Buenos días.
• Hola.
• ¿Qué tal?
Modelo un papel
unos papeles
1. : unas fotografías
2. : un día
3. : un cuaderno
4. : unos pasajeros
5. : una computadora
6. : unas escuelas
7. : unos videos
8. : un programa
9. : unos autobuses
10. : una palabra
Modelo el señor Díaz
Addresing him: usted
Talking about him: él
1. Don Francisco
Addressing him:
Talking about him:
2. Jimena y Marissa
Addressing them:
Talking about them:
3. Maru y Miguel
Addressing them:
Talking about them:
4. la profesora
Addressing her:
Talking about her:
5. un estudiante
Addressing him:
Talking about him:
6. el director de una escuela
Addressing him:
Talking about him:
7. tres chicas
Addressing them:
Talking about them:
8. un pasajero de autobús
Addressing him:
Talking about him:
9. Juan Carlos y Felipe
Addressing them:
Talking about them:
10. una turista
Addressing her:
Talking about her:
Modelo Ustedes son profesores.
Nosotros somos profesores.
1. Nosotros somos estudiantes.
Ustedes .
2. Usted es de Puerto Rico.
Ella .
3. Nosotros somos conductores.
Ellos .
4. Yo soy turista.
Tú .
5. Ustedes son de México.
Nosotras .
6. Ella es profesora.
Yo .
7. Tú eres de España.
Él .
8. Ellos son pasajeros.
Ellas
Modelo Yo soy Jorge.
1. Hola, me llamo Jorge y de Cuba. Pilar y Nati de España. Pedro, Juan y Paco de México. Todos estudiantes. La señorita Blasco de San Antonio. Ella la profesora. Luis el conductor. Él de Puerto Rico. Ellos de los Estados Unidos. El autobús de la agencia Marazul. Todos pasajeros de la agencia de viajes Marazul. Perdón, ¿de dónde tú, quién ella y de quién las maletas?
Modelo nombre / el pasajero
Es el nombre del pasajero.
.
DDL 24 hours reading the article and writing a 1-page doubl.docxedwardmarivel
DDL:
24 hours
reading the article and writing a
1-page double space
annotated bibliography
including:
1.reference
2.specify the concept you will use
3.explain its significance to the course
4.specify how you'll use it in your project
see the article and project inf below
.
*
DCF valuation methodSuper-normal growth modelApplications: single CF, annuity, perpetuity, uneven CFs, bond, stock, etc.
LECTURE 2 Valuation Basics
(Chapters 4, 6, 7)
*
Amount of cash flows expectedRisk of the cash flows Timing of the cash flow stream
Factors that Determine Value
*
DCF Method: General Formula
Finding PVs is discounting. The discount factor i is determined by the cost of capital invested.
*
10%
Single Cash Flow
100
0
1
2
3
PV = ?
What’s the PV of $100 due in 3 years if i = 10%?
*
Financial Calculator Setup
BGN END
P/Y 1
FORMAT: DEC 4 or larger
*
Financial Calculator
Solution
s
N I/YR PV PMTFV
?
N = 3, I/YR = 10, PMT = 0, FV = 100
CPT, PV
-75.13
/
INPUTS
OUTPUT
*
Spreadsheet
.
DDBA 8307 Week 2 Assignment Exemplar
John Doe[footnoteRef:1] [1: Type your name here]
DDBA 8307-6[footnoteRef:2] [2: Type in DDBA section number (e.g. DDBA 8307 – 6) ]
Dr. Jane Doe[footnoteRef:3] [3: Enter faculty name here.]
1
Scales of Measurement
Type text here. Discuss the implications of “scales of measurement” in quantitative research. Be sure to use a minimum of two citations to support your position(s). Be sure to review the “Scales of Measurement” media from Week 1. This section should be no more than two paragraphs.
Research Question
What are the means, standard deviations, frequencies, and percentages of the Lesson 21 Exercise File variables?
Presentation of Findings
I analyzed data from Lesson 21 Exercise File [footnoteRef:4]. In this section, I present descriptive statistics for the study quantitative and qualitative variables. Appropriate APA tables and figures accompany the analysis[footnoteRef:5]. [4: Insert the appropriate file name. ] [5: The tables and figures from your SPSS output will need to be copied and pasted in the appropriate location.]
Descriptive Statistics[footnoteRef:6] [6: Detailed information can be found in Lesson 20, “Univariate Descriptive Statistics for Qualitative Variables,” and Lesson 21, “Univariate Descriptive Statistics for Quantitative Variables,” in the Green and Salkind text.
]
Descriptive statistics were run for the quantitative and qualitative variables in the Week 1 Assignment data set. Table 1 depicts the means and standard deviations for the quantitative data. Figure 1 depicts a histogram for the GPA variable. Table 2 depicts the frequencies and percentages for the qualitative (categorical) data. Figure 2 depicts a pie chart for the ethnic variable. Appendix 1 depicts the SPSS output.
Table 1[footnoteRef:7] [7: This is an example of an APA-formatted descriptive statistics table. Refer to Sections 5.01-5.19, in the APA Manual for detailed information on APA tables. The descriptive statistics table here includes the appropriate information derived from the SPSS output that is to be pasted as an appendix. Do not split tables across pages. Note: The numbers in the SPSS output presented here are fictitious numbers and do not represent correct numbers in the data set you will use for this application.
]
Means (M) and Standard Deviations (SD) for Study
Quantitative Variables (N = 105)
Variable[footnoteRef:8] [8: You would simply add rows to the table to accommodate the variables you have used in the analysis (i.e., variable 3, variable 4, etc.). Hint: Use the Microsoft Word Table feature.
]
M
SD
GPA
2.78
.76
Final
61.48
7.94
Percent
80.34
12.12
Figure 1. Histogram of GPA distribution.
Table 2[footnoteRef:9] [9: Recall from Lesson 20, “Univariate Descriptive Statistics for Qualitative Variables” (Green & Salkind, 2017), frequencies and percentages are reported for qualitative (nominal) variables. Note: Frequency and percentages are the only c.
DBM380 v14Create a DatabaseDBM380 v14Page 2 of 2Create a D.docxedwardmarivel
DBM/380 v14
Create a Database
DBM/380 v14
Page 2 of 2Create a Database
The following assignment is based on the business scenario for which you created both an entity-relationship diagram and a normalized database design in Week 2.
For this assignment, you will create multiple related tables that match your normalized database design. In other words, you will implement a physical design (an actual, usable database) based on a logical design.
Refer to the linked W3Schools.com articles “SQL CREATE TABLE Statement,” “SQL PRIMARY KEY Constraint,” “SQL FOREIGN KEY Constraint,” and “SQL INSERT INTO Statement” for help in completing this assignment.
Note: In the industry, even the most carefully thought out database designs can contain mistakes. Feel free to correct in your tables any mistakes you notice in your normalized database design. Also, note that in Microsoft® Access®, you follow the steps below to launch the SQL editor:
Figure 1. To create a SQL query in Microsoft® Access®, begin by clicking the CREATE tab.
To Complete This Assignment:
1. Use the CREATE TABLE statement to create each table in your design. Note that a table in a RDMS corresponds to an entity in an entity-relationship diagram. Recommended tables for this assignment are CUSTOMER, ORDER, ORDER_DETAIL, PRODUCT, EMPLOYEE, and STORE.
2. As part of each CREATE TABLE statement, define all of the columns, or fields, that you want each particular table to contain. Give them short, meaningful names and include constraints; that is, describe what type of data each column (field) is allowed to hold and any other constraints, such as size, range, or uniqueness.
3. Note that any field you marked as a unique identifier in your normalized database design is a key field. Key fields must be described as both UNIQUE and NOT NULL, which means a value must exist for each record and that value must be unique across all records.
4. After you have created all six tables, including relationships between the tables as appropriate (matching the primary key in one table to a foreign key in another table), use the INSERT INTO statement to insert 10 records into each of your tables. You will need to make up the data you insert into your tables. For example, to insert one record into the CUSTOMER table, you will need to invent a customer number, a customer name, and so on—one value for each of the fields you defined for the CUSTOMER table—to insert into the table.
5. To ensure that your INSERT INTO statements succeeded in populating your tables, use the SELECT statement described in Ch. 7, “Introduction to Structured Query Language,” in Database Systems: Design, Implementation, and Management.to retrieve the records you inserted. For example, to see all 10 records you inserted into the CUSTOMER table, you might apply the following SQL statement: SELECT * FROM CUSTOMER;
After you have created all six tables and populated ten records in each table, submit to the Assignment Files tab the database containin.
DB3.1 Mexico corruptionDiscuss the connection between pol.docxedwardmarivel
DB3.1: Mexico corruption
Discuss the connection between politics, corruption, and criminal organizations in Mexico. How would you go about separating these? Give examples and be specific. Support your ideas on why you would do these specific measures.
DB3.2: Collapse of Soviet Union
How has the collapse of the Soviet Union fostered pirate capitalism and organized crime? Be specific with your answer and support your answer. Do you think that if the Soviet Union did not collapse pirate capitalism and organized crime would still flourish? Support your opinion.
300 words per post
.
DB2Pepsi Co and Coke American beverage giants, must adhere to th.docxedwardmarivel
DB2
Pepsi Co and Coke American beverage giants, must adhere to the U.S Foreign Corruption Act wherever their businesses may take them. Both companies expanded their U.S businesses to India with differing initial results. Coke came home (initially) and Pepsi Co prospered.
Do your research and explain the socio-cultural barriers faced by these two companies? What in your view were the reasons which negatively impacted Coke and positively touched Pepsi Co?
WEEK 3:
Interactive
: Select one company other than the 2 mentioned above, and share this company’s experience in the United Arab Emirates. Comment on another learner’s company experience in a different location of the world.
WEEK 4:
Interactive
: Comment on a different learner’s company experience in a totally different location from those completed earlier. Do you feel that cultural training is an essential pre-requisite for expatriates in any host country? Why/Why not?
Remember to use APA referencing in the body of your posting.
.
DB1 What Ive observedHave you ever experienced a self-managed .docxedwardmarivel
DB1: What I've observed
Have you ever experienced a self-managed team? If so, describe it. If not, why do you think your organization has not embraced self managed teams?
DB2: Case Analysis
Review the case study at the end of Chapter 8, Frederick W. Smith - FedEx. Answer the five questions below:
1. How do the standards set by Fred Smith for FedEx teams improve organizational performance?
2. What motivates the members of FedEx to remain highly engaged in their teams?
3. Describe the role FedEx managers play in facilitating team effectiveness.
4. What types of teams does FedEx use? Provide evidence from the case to support your answer.
5. Leaders play a critical role in building effective teams. Cite evidence from the case that FedEx managers performed some of these roles in developing effective teams.
Image Source Team:
http://www.freedigitalphotos.net/images/gallery-thumbnails.php?id=50143103253525199427035558
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DB Response 1I agree with the decision to search the house. Ther.docxedwardmarivel
DB Response 1
I agree with the decision to search the house. There was reasonable suspicion to believe the fugitive could have been in the home. The homeowner not only consented to the search of the house but requested it for her safety. Complacency kills. In this situation, the officer is very regretful in his decision to conduct a complacent search of the home, and luckily nobody was killed.
My department does not have body cameras, but I still conduct business as if somebody is recording me. We live in a generation of surveillance. You never know when there are hidden cameras, a camera on a business you did not notice, or a cell phone recording from the top floor of a building. We hire police officers with high amounts of integrity because the definition of integrity is doing the right thing even when nobody is looking. I would be lying if I said my grandmother would approve of everything I do on the job. I am most guilty of foul language and it is something that I am working on not doing that. However, I can emphatically say I work with integrity and honesty without a doubt.
I think setting limits on tolerable behavior in regards to sexual and general harassment is appropriate; however, there are too many situations to make a policy for every behavior one could find inappropriate. When it comes to using force again every situation is different but there should be a pretty well laid out policy at departments for when and how an officer should use a certain amount of force. Officers should be trained on de-escalation tactics and alternatives to using force. Tactical training should include strategies to create time, space, and distance, to reduce the likelihood that force will be necessary and should occur in realistic conditions appropriate to the department’s location (U.S. Commission On Civil Rights, 2018).
Philippians 2 verses 3 – 8 is a pretty straightforward verse with great leadership lessons. Be humble, put others before yourself, and be a servant leader.
From the very beginning of any interrogation, the accused has constitutional rights not to speak to police and also to have an attorney present. The Eighth Amendment to the Constitution prohibits cruel and unusual punishments placed upon any persons in the U.S. With these rights in mind I will only go as far as the Constitution allows when interrogating this suspect even if the suspect admits where the child is if the admission was coerced that admission could get thrown out of court. I would never compromise the investigation. There are other ways to find the abducted girl through detective work than just interrogating the suspect. The cost of illegal interrogations is documented in the number of lost prosecutions. Literally, thousands of cases across the country have had to be dismissed because prosecutors could not trust that the evidence provided by police officers was legitimate or the officer had lost credibility as a witness in all cases because of his or her wrongdoing (P.
DB Response prompt ZAKChapter 7, Q1.Customers are expecting.docxedwardmarivel
DB Response prompt ZAK
Chapter 7, Q1.
Customers are expecting more from their service providers. Rather than traditionally accepting boilerplate offerings from service providers, customers desire that service providers cater to their requests. Organizations providing services must keep up with the customer’s demand or risk losing business to others who will. Many service providers have been adopting lean principles to accommodate the needs of their customers in successful attempts to decrease waste, increase efficiency, improve customer service and satisfaction (Daft, 2016, p. 275). From online music providers, customers expect music tracks personalized for their tastes. From airlines, customers can expect preflight seat and meal selections. Amazon.com provides custom personalization to a customers’ home pages by placing personally directed advertisements and products which the customer is more likely to order from the company. Amazon book recommendations are personalized to the specific customer and are provided based upon previous books read. With customers expecting customized and catered experiences, companies need to keep up with this demand and embrace mass customization in order to obtain and retain customers.
Chapter 7, Q2.
While many facets of businesses may involve craft technology, it is still important for business schools to teach management. Some businesses which only expect their leaders to gain knowledge and expertise from experience, may be creating a bureaucratic and restricted model for their business. Companies which rely only on internal training for their leaders can miss opportunities from potential leaders coming in from the outside. Business schools which teach management can provide potential leaders with a foundation to draw from. Teaching management can expose students to issues and opportunities experienced by others, not just ones restricted to one specific company. Teaching management from a textbook is just one method of conveying information. Just as one would not necessarily be proficient in piloting a boat from reading a book, a textbook about doing so would provide the student with underlying concepts which could dramatically increase the success of the student when they move to an actual boat. This textbook based training would be further enhanced with some practical experience.
Chapter 8, Q1.
Technology has progressed allowing real time instant messaging and virtual meetings. High level managers can indeed expect technology to allow them to do their jobs with little face-to-face communication, but they should question if that is something they really want to do. There are currently methods available which could be used effectively to communicate with subordinates, employees and stockholders, such as recorded feeds which would be able to reach every associated individual. These however may not provide a sense of personalization from the managers. Leaders in an organization may resort to using tec.
DB Topic of Discussion Information-related CapabilitiesAnalyze .docxedwardmarivel
DB Topic of Discussion: Information-related Capabilities
Analyze 2 of the 14 information-related capabilities and explain how the joint force can use these capabilities to affect the three dimensions of the information environment. Give examples of real-world or life events for the capabilities and how can you use these concepts as a CSM/SGM.
Consumer Brand Metrics Q3 2015
Eater Archetypes:
Brand usage and preferences by consumer segment
The restaurant industry has long relied on demographic factors to
identify and prioritize consumer groups. For example, many
brands currently obsess over attracting Millennials—some
without pausing to consider the variations among consumers
within this demographic cohort. In addition to life stages,
consumer attitudes about health, value, convenience and the
overall role of foodservice in their lives drive significant
differences in preferences and behavior.
With these distinctions in mind, we have updated the Consumer
Brand Metrics (CBM) survey with questions that allow us to
segment consumers into one of seven Eater Archetypes. Each
segment has a distinct psychographic profile, which is outlined in
our recent Consumer Foodservice Landscape. Accordingly, their
patronage of the segments and brands tracked in CBM varies.
This paper explores some differences we can discern after the
initial quarterly results, including the archetypes’ segment usage,
brand patronage and occasion dynamics. Examining CBM data by
Eater Archetype reveals nuances that complement a demographic
profile of a chain’s guests.
By Colleen Rothman, Manager, Consumer Insights
To learn more about the Consumer Brand Metrics program or to sign up for future
Spotlight by Consumer Brand Metrics white papers, please contact Bart Henyan,
Senior Marketing Manager, at [email protected]
Consumer Brand Metrics Q3 2015
Segmenting consumers by psychographic factors, rather than
just demographic characteristics, can lead to a better
understanding of the consumers that matter to your brand and
how to appeal to them.
Key Takeaways
Busy Balancers and Functional Eaters drive usage across
restaurants and convenience stores. Full-service restaurant
(FSR) operators may also consider targeting Foodservice
Hobbyists and Affluent Socializers, as these archetypes
comprise more than a quarter of FSR patrons, on average.
How does foodservice segment usage vary by archetype?
Driven by unique needs and motivations, Eater Archetypes
gravitate to a wide variety of brands. For example,
McDonald’s, Burger King and Whataburger each
disproportionately attract unique archetypes (Habitual
Matures, Bargain Hunters and Functional Eaters,
respectively).
Which chains do each archetype visit most frequently?
Archetypes that patronize the same restaurant may not use
the brand the same way. For example, usage varies by
daypart, with afternoon snacks skewing to Busy Balancers
and late-night meals d.
DB Instructions Each reply must be 250–300 words with a minim.docxedwardmarivel
DB Instructions:
Each reply must be 250–300 words with a minimum of 1 scholarly source. The scholarly source used for your thread and response should be in addition to the class textbooks.
Reference Book: Young, M. (2017). Learning the Art of Helping. Boston, MA: Pearson. ISBN: 9780134165783.
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DB Defining White Collar CrimeHow would you define white co.docxedwardmarivel
DB: Defining White Collar Crime
How would you define white collar crime? What are the advantages and disadvantages of the various terms, such as “white collar crime,” “crimes of the powerful,” “elite deviance,” etc., used to describe the type of crimes.
300 Word Minimum
.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Dear Researcher Should I get my child a petRecently, a paren.docx
1. Dear Researcher: Should I get my child a pet?
Recently, a parent reached out to me with the following
question: Dear Researcher, my daughter has been asking for a
pet for several years now, but I have been hesitant. What does
the research say on the benefits of owning a pet? After
receiving this question, I decided to dig into the research on the
benefits and drawbacks of owning a pet. I have often heard of
the positive emotional impact that owning a pet has, but I had
not reviewed what the research said on this topic until receiving
this question. So, thank you for your question reader!
Before viewing the benefits of pet ownership, I think it is
important to first focus on the possible drawbacks. Research has
shown that the biggest drawbacks of pet ownership is the stress
caused from a pet’s death or worry about the pet’s safety
(Bryant, 1990). While the death of a beloved pet is eventually
inevitable, worries about safety could be reduced by having a
pet safe environment within your home.
While the drawbacks are important to consider, there are also
many benefits given to pet owners, such as increased emotional
well-being. A recent study has shown that pets are an essential
source of social support to their owners and their owners have
an increased sense of emotional well-being associated with their
pet ownership (McConnell, Brown, Shoda, Stayton, & Martin,
2011). Pets also have been shown to offer support to people
facing a significant stress in their life (McConnell et al., 2011).
The study conducted by Bryant (1990) that listed the drawbacks
to pet ownership also agreed that pet ownership offers the
owner emotional benefits.
Along with the emotional benefits, there are also important
health benefits to owning a pet. People who interact with pets
2. while in the hospital have better health outcomes (Friedmann,
Barker, & Allen, 2011). Pet owners also have better medical
outcomes on the whole when compared to non-pet owners
(Friedmann et al., 2011). In addition, pet owners make fewer
annual visits to the doctor’s office and are on less medications
associated with sleeping issues and heart problems (Headey,
1999).
Overall, the research is in strong support of the benefits to
owning a pet. From the health benefits to the emotional benefits
given to a child, owning a pet definitely has its perks. However,
the research is focused on cat and dog ownership, so these
benefits may not apply to more low maintenance pets such as
fish. Please be sure to consider if your house can accommodate
the needs of owning a pet before adopting or purchasing one!
This list of ten considerations may be helpful to view before
you purchase a pet of your own. As a proud pet owner myself, I
wish you the best of luck on your new pet journey! Feel free to
ask any further questions about pet ownership below.
4
Weekly journal #3
Ahmed Rahhali
GRAD 695
Research configuration can be clarified as the reason behind the
lead of the exploration. The examination configuration may take
in the reasons to build the acknowledgment with some specific
and evident realities or to recognize connections between
explicit factors. Research configuration is additionally
separated into three kinds including illustrative research plan,
exploratory research structure and graphic research structure.
Informative plan attempts the correlation and assessment of the
distinctive research factors. In like manner, the point behind the
exploratory research is to gather top to bottom discernments
about the examination field that is beforehand not known by the
3. analysts. Besides, unmistakable research configuration alludes
the social event of more information from a formerly look into
region and to depict the equivalent. The structure of this
exploration is logical that will help in recognizing and
characterizing the connection between Drivers training and its
impact on accidents and crashes reduction.
Choice of a suitable research system helps in get-together the
information as per the extent of the examination. A few sorts of
research procedures have been recognized in existing writing
that for the most part comprises of study, ethnography, activity
inquire about, grounded hypothesis, examinations and
contextual analyses. Because of the subjective methodology and
illustrative research plan, the system utilized right now to the
overview procedure through an un-organized meeting from the
chose test of IT experts. The open-finished poll, in the 20
minutes talk with session, will be given to the respondents after
the advancement of nature of certainty with the members. They
will be required to fill it as per their individual information and
encounters and a similar will help in the assortment of required
and top to bottom data about the targets as the goals help with
picking up the procedure in which the presentation Drivers
training and its impact on accidents and crashes reduction.
Data Collection Methods
Information assortment implies the ways and techniques to
gather the examination information. Generally, information
assortment strategy is likewise isolated into two critical parts
including essential information assortment and auxiliary
information assortment. Essential information would be
gathered through the open–finished survey given to the chose
Drivers in a 20 minutes talk with session that will give a chance
to investigate their perspectives about the exhibitions of their
driving and event of mishaps. Auxiliary information would be
expected to direct the writing survey on Drivers preparing and
its effect on mishaps and accidents decrease. A similar will be
accumulated through number of reports that comprise of
approved books, diaries, articles and other documented records.
4. Sampling
Sampling alludes to the zone of research wherein the subjective
research requests to portray the general issues, agent or
'naturalistic' assessment of research goals covering the spots,
times and people. In choosing about the examining for an
investigation, testing system and size of the example is given
explicit thought. Testing strategies are estimated as the
methodology used to pull back a suitable example size from the
general populace. There are commonly two sorts of examining
procedures utilized including arbitrary inspecting and non-
irregular testing. With the end goal of this, examine non-
arbitrary testing will be utilized to direct purposive inspecting
strategy by picking Drivers, which are considered as competent
to intricate and express their high encounters with the setting of
this exploration.
Data Analysis Methods
The information so accumulated in any investigation can be
broke down utilizing quantitative examination strategies and
subjective investigation techniques. Right now, information will
be broken down utilizing the subjective information methods
that will be useful in the significant and extensive increment in
the estimation of research results and effective execution of the
examination targets. In addition, the examination information
gathered through the open-finished survey in un-organized
meeting, would be investigated and inspected through the pie
diagrams with percent insightful reactions.
Ahmed Rahhali
Grad 695
Weekly journal #5
My research seeks to expound on the way driver education
reduces accidents rate and the associated costs. In addition, it
explores other means of mitigating accidents and crashes rates.
These means could either be in the form of incentives to the
5. drivers, mitigating accident management costs and long-term
changes is a hard task but can result in substantial cost savings
and secure the lives of drivers and the general public. It is the
mandate of every road safety authority to ensure that sufficient
and proper training is provided, and all the vehicles have the
recommended safety features.
Driver education and training are arguably paramount in every
aspect of driver and road safety and the right educational and
learning technologies must be implemented to achieve it.
Several other factors should be strictly adhered to and applied
as the essential rules and requirements. Incorporating a driver
policy is one of them. Driving policies should be introduced and
taught in appealing methods and group learning environment.
The policies should guide the on-road driving behaviors,
penalties applicable for poor driving, steps to take after an
unfortunate collision incident, and the inspection to be carried
out on the vehicles for pre and post route deliveries.
Drivers ought to be equipped with accurate information on past
crush incidents and other severe accidents. Monitoring
accidents goes beyond formal education and training. Drivers
must be aware of recent incidents and make a considerable
effort to learn from them. Such information should be
accurately outlined and cover all the aspects of the accident i.e.,
the cause, casualties, and how the driver could have avoided it.
Regular assessment of the drivers’ skills. Drivers should update
their license and check on the health issues like the eyesight
that may affect them on the road — ensuring that vehicles are
roadworthy and might the safety standards and requirements.
This can be achieved by installing up-to-date safety features,
programs and regular repairs to avoid on-road breakups that
compromise the driving dynamics.
Ahmed Rahhali
Grad 695
Weekly journal #6
6. Delivery Drivers, especially new and young drivers register
high crash rates according to William (1999), States that young
drivers are involved in more crashes as compared to drivers who
have experience and have worked in this sector for some time.
The reason for the high number of Accidents and Crashes in
young drivers is due to lack of enough experience and lack of
the necessary driving skills, which means maybe the training
was not well conducted or it had some mishaps. This is due to
the fact that driving is not an easy task as it is considered to
self-paced and complex, at the same time requiring the
combination of basic tasks, like steering, accelerating and
braking and other complex skills lie problem solving and hazard
perception, that are required for normal vehicle operation. The
delivery driver most of the time are racing against time so that
they can get the order on time, which adds on to the pressure of
driving. Therefore, the skills needed to drive should be properly
taught for the driver to be considered to have passed the road
test. However, it is not the most important aim of training
programs and driver education of such drivers and any other
driver., the main aim is automatically to produce drivers who
are safer. Although the basic belief is that the driver training
should create a safety value, such programs have not done that
and cannot be considered to be efficient, this may be wrong but
evidence show that there are no safety benefits that can arise
from the training of formal driver education. various empirical
studies have shown that some of the driver training programs
pose a safety risk and at the same time fail to show positive
effects of delivery driver training, in fact at some point poses a
risk as through such programs it easy for anyone to get a
license.
There have been various authors who provided their reviews on
contemporary driver training/education and mainly focusing on
the new licensing systems compiled around 30 reviews that
were from different countries whereby the reviews looked at the
effectiveness of formal driver training ad education, including
advanced training courses (Novice drivers) and motorcycle rider
7. training and education. the review that included scientific
evaluation gave put small support on the claim that an effective
countermeasure at the moment can be driver instruction. The
majority of the evidence failed to prove that students who were
formally trained had a lower record number of crashes than the
drivers who did not receive the same training. Additionally, the
results continued to be more discouraging as few studies have
actually proven there is no safety benefits in such training and
education, in fact an increase in crashes rather than a decrease
as expected. In some f the cases provide that such an occurrence
might be caused by early license issued through driver
education and company policies that, like pressure to deliver on
time that makes the new driver vulnerable to crashes. Whereby
the focus of this paper is mostly based on the disbenefits and
benefits of driver education and training, the following
“contemporary” reviews came up with the same conclusion.
The study of driver education and training, that was published
in Australia, for Transport South Australia, came up with the
literature on car-training effecting which had the following
conclusion (Woolley 2000):
“Very little new evidence has emerged to support driver
education and training in high schools and the bulk of the
scientific literature is damning of the ability of high school
driver education and training to deliver net road safety benefits.
Such education generally leads to increased licensure rates and
younger driver ages, causing problems which far outweigh any
benefits achieved” (p. ii)
On the other hand, more additional training for novice driver
training programs should take place, because “programs have
been shown to change behaviors known to be linked to increases
in crash risks, behaviors such as long glances inside the vehicle
and failures to glance towards latent hazards.” At the same up
to date there was no program that was to change the narrative of
crashes and accidents among delivery drivers, with the focus on
hazard anticipation, such a training program has turned out to
be effective for drivers who were amateurs drivers who had
8. experiences for over 36 months. Delivery driver training is not
effective, as the job entails a lot of factors and not just training.
Therefore, focus on the young Driver Training in addition to the
training program is important.
References
Williams, A. (1999). Graduated licensing comes to the United
States. Injury Prevention, 5(2), 133.
Woolley, J. (2000). In-car driver training at high schools: a
literature review (No. 6/2000, HS-043 200).
Zhang, T., Li, J., Thai, H., Zafian, T., Samuel, S., & Fisher, D.
L. (2016, September). Evaluation of the effect of a novice
driver training program on citations and crashes. In Proceedings
of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual
Meeting (Vol. 60, No. 1, pp. 1991-1995). Sage CA: Los
Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications.
Delivery Drivers Training and its Impact on Accidents and
Crashes Reduction
Annotated Bibliography 7
9. Ahmed Rahhali
GRAD 695
Vernick, J. S., Li, G., Ogaitis, S., MacKenzie, E. J., Baker, S.
P., & Gielen, A. C. (1999). Effects of high school driver
education on motor vehicle crashes, violations, and
licensure. American journal of preventive medicine, 16(1), 40-
46.
This source was credible for this research as it gave out
details of looking into the effectiveness of high school driving
education, which is basically the first kind of education anyone
is able to receive. The result from the research was that high
school education does not reduce crashes in young drivers.
Mayhew, D. R., Simpson, H. M., Williams, A. F., & Ferguson,
S. A. (1998). Effectiveness and role of driver education and
training in a graduated licensing system. Journal of public
health policy, 19(1), 51-67.
The article looks at formal driver training
programs/education around the world. The programs are
considered to be effective and helps drivers to drive safely but
at the same time there is no empirical evidence that supports
this notion. With the introduction of graduated driver licensing,
it has somehow helped to improve the standards of driver
licensing. The article contemporary review of driver training
and education.
Zhang, T., Li, J., Thai, H., Zafian, T., Samuel, S., & Fisher, D.
L. (2016, September). Evaluation of the effect of a novice
driver training program on citations and crashes. In Proceedings
of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual
Meeting (Vol. 60, No. 1, pp. 1991-1995). Sage CA: Los
Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications.
This resource on the hand focus on the Novice driver
training programs, also know as the delivery drivers in this
case. The report has come around the fact that the conventional
10. driver training and education is not enough for delivery drivers
or for nay driver in that case, but the novice driver training is
effective as it proves to reduce crashes and accidents through
the special program; hazard anticipation.
Ahmed Rahhali
Grad 695
Weekly journal #7
The training programs for delivery drivers have to improve the
behavior of drivers not focusing on impending hazards but
having long glances inside their vehicles and this is what at the
end of the day leads to crashes and accidents. Up to the moment
no program had been able to change the real frequency of
crashes and citations. This program that was proven to reduce
crashes it was only administered once during the time that
license was issued, and it only took 17 minutes to complete this
program. The training program addressed both attention
maintenance skills and hazard anticipation, Distractology 101,
and it was established that all these aspects took twice the time
if the program had only hazard anticipation. At the same time, it
is important to understand the fact that delivery drivers were
under and inflated risk if crashing than any other driver,
especially if they had just the regular drive training and
education (Williams 2003). Just as any other driver, distraction/
attention loss has been a significant contributor to the road
crashes registered, and most specifically in teens it has caused
almost 58% of the crashes. Therefore, one reason that seems to
explain this phenomenon of inflated crashes among young
drivers, is the willingness to engage in activities that are
distractive during driving, or while on the road. These activities
are mostly related to technology related activities such as cell
phones text messaging or conversations (Young et al. 2010). A
survey carried out on driver-cell phone use while driving
showed that 43% of drivers of the age 18 to 24 years, have used
their cell phones while driving specifically texting, which is a
11. he percentage as compared to elderly drivers whereby drivers
between the age of 30 to 59 only 12% of them have texted while
driving. Whereby this explains one aspect that most of the
Accidents and Crashes are registered under drivers who are
young, maybe due to inexperience or other influences like
distraction through cell phone text messaging.
Additionally, hazard anticipation has been considered the other
reason that such individuals register high crashes and accidents.
That is in his case the hazard can be the pedestrian is potential
or latent because in most of the cases the pedestrian will not
emerge. A good example whereby a minivan might be parked
uphill, this automatically obstructs the view of the driver
coming from behind and will see the pedestrian approaching the
crosswalk. The failure of hazard anticipation has been linked to
increased crash risk and accidents. Therefore, with proper
training on avoidance of distraction and hazard anticipation will
help the delivery drivers to be involved in a lot of crashes and
accidents. This is because the young drivers up to the moment
have been thought to be careless and not clueless, which means
that their hazard anticipation was less developed than the
experience drivers, who register less crashes and accidents as
mentioned before.
The Distractology 101 program has proven to be effective,
according to Zhang et al. 2016, they were able to conduct a
research on about 28 ,000 young drivers who had less than three
years of driving experience. The training program had two
distinct training periods which were conducted under the
presence of an experimenter. The following table gives the
summary of the training that was mainly based on the two
aspects mentioned above distraction (D) and Hazard
Anticipation (HA).
Summary of the Training Scenarios in the Distractology 101
program (HA, D)
Hidden Stop Sign after curve in the road (HA)
Marked mid-Block crosswalk with pedestrian obscured by cars
12. (HA)
Oncoming Truck making a left turn, while participant turns left
(HA)
Left turn onto one-way street with pedestrian crossing (HA)
Sudden hand-braking vehicle in front of participant rural road
(D)
Sudden hand-braking in front of participant urban road (D)
The crashes and accidents were measured over a one-year
period for both control and experimental groups. The results
were taken before and after the participants had taken the
Distractology 101 program.
Number of Drivers who had crashes and Drivers who did not
have crashes
Crash
Number
Total
Distractology program drivers
99
9.61%
740
71.84%
839
Control Drivers in the experiment
4,000
14.85%
22,932
85.15%
26,932
Total
4,099
23,672
27,771
13. This study showed the effectiveness of the training program, the
Distractology 101 program, that was based on real life, actual
driving experiment. Looking at the crashes and infractions
based on the hazard anticipation and distraction elements of the
program. The program proved to be effective, in improving the
skills of the targeted drivers, it is still unclear if the training
was actually the reason for the reduction in the accidents and
crash risks. Whereby the evidence in this case provides
adequate data that Distractology 101 program has a positive
effect on developing safer young drivers, therefore if it was to
be initiated in Delivery driver training then the it will positively
impact the rate of the crashes and the accidents. Therefore, such
programs should be extended to all novice drivers.
References
Williams, A. F. (2003). Teenage drivers: patterns of
risk. Journal of safety research, 34(1), 5-15.
Young, K. L., & Lenné, M. G. (2010). Driver engagement in
distracting activities and the strategies used to minimise
risk. Safety Science, 48(3), 326-332.
Zhang, T., Li, J., Thai, H., Zafian, T., Samuel, S., & Fisher, D.
L. (2016, September). Evaluation of the effect of a novice
driver training program on citations and crashes. In Proceedings
of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual
Meeting (Vol. 60, No. 1, pp. 1991-1995). Sage CA: Los
Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications.
Ahmed Rahhali
GRAD 695
Weekly Journal #4
My research paper will comprehend the safety value of driver
14. education and training. New drivers, especially those of tender
age, have very high crash rates. Formal guidance, which
includes in-vehicle training and in-class education, has been
leveraged to address the rising rates of road accidents and crash
rates. The research paper seeks also to elaborate on the evidence
on the safety value of such driving programs and recommend
possible improvements in delivering the content and programs
that may achieve safety benefits.
New and young drivers have extremely high crash rates because
they are inexperienced, lack the essential driving capabilities
and skills. These skills include steering and braking, problem-
solving, and hazard perception. To curb these menaces, drivers
ought to acquire the recommended training, skills, and
capabilities before full licensing is permitted. It is generally
assumed that drivers with formal driving instructions should
pose lower crash rates compared to unexposed drivers.
In logistics environment, formally trained drivers have
relatively lower frequencies of a crash compared to the
untrained one. The ignorable differences exist since driver
education results in earlier and uninformed licensure, increasing
the likelihood of crash occurrence. Driver education does not
convincingly mitigate the rate of motor vehicle crash since
driver education, and training does not exploit the essential
skills and knowledge cardinal for safe driving. Training and
education should be inclined to address the aspects of driving
tasks linked to the risk of collision. Driver education teaches
safety skills, but most learners are not motivated to apply them.
It cannot significantly influence the driving dynamics chosen by
the students.
Driver education fosters overconfidence that may increase the
risk of collisions. It provides emergency maneuver skills but
does not instill the toxic overconfidence. Driver education also
fails to address lifestyle issues sufficiently. Psychosocial
variables that are not addressed through training like sensation
behavior and risk-taking relate the lifestyles and collision rates.
15. Ahmed Rahhali
Grad 695
Annotated Bibliographies #3
Dr. Ron Christie, in his article ‘the effectiveness of driver
training as a road safety measure,' provides a summary of the
effectiveness of driver training programs, talks of pre-license
programs for specialized driver training in the field. The
program intends to develop and nurture safe driving techniques
on both off-road tracks or roads. He suggests that the training
impacts basic car controls and road law knowledge skills, which
has little on casualty crushes. He points out considerable
evidence that affects advanced learners' skills, including skid
controls. He attributes this to increased car crushes to increased
car crashes among young males. He generally considers that
there is no significant between drivers trained off-road and
those trained on the road when comparing the cases of crashes
(Ron 2009).
Dr. Ron suggests that real-world experience during the learning
time has proved significant, reducing crashes by about 35%. In
comparison with the crashes relating to those trained
professionally and those trained by their relation. He points out
the best training system being on the road. Learner drivers on
the road have a low risk of crash involvement. He cites
experience on the way as a contributor to reduced crashes.
Evidence shown is that advanced driving courses reduced car
crash rates. He points great experience saying that they had a
low crash rate per distance covered
Finally, the article further suggests that driving training does
not seem to reduce accidents effectively. He argues that
promoting driver training does not consider other deficiencies
in skills. He also suggests that these skill deficiencies were
much responsible for the increased risk. He points out to young
drivers making mistakes that had nothing to do with their skills
or experience but pointing out on psychological factors.
Overall, his research more current driver training contributes
16. little to accident reduction. Improving skills does not always
impact on-road behavior
References
Dr. Ron, R., Høye, A., Vaa, T., & Sørensen, M. (2009). Driver
Training and Regulation of Professional Drivers', The Handbook
of Road Safety Measures (pp. 759-857). Emerald Group
Publishing Limited
1
Annotated Bibliography #3
Ahmed Rahhali
GRAD 695
programs are presently well known; how much they decrease
crash contribution stays questionable. This paper intends to
decide how viable driver training has been in improving
youthful beginner drivers' on-street wellbeing and to distinguish
key research confinements. A writing audit was attempted
looking at assessments of driver training programs,
fundamentally those distributed inside the previous decade
(2001-2011). The survey used friend assessed diaries, gathering
procedures, books, government reports and specialist reports.
Both pre-and post-permit training programs were considered.
Pre-permit training programs intend to build up the abilities that
are required to get a driver's permit and drive securely, for
example, fundamental vehicle control and traffic evaluation.
Post-permit training programs intend to improve abilities that
are viewed as pertinent to crash counteraction including slide
control, danger observation and propelled vehicle control
aptitudes. The consequences of the audit show that a few types
of training have been successful for procedural aptitude
procurement and different projects have been found to improve
drivers' danger discernment. On the other hand, proof proposes
that conventional driver training programs have not decreased
youthful drivers' accident hazard. Alert is asked when
17. deciphering this finding as major methodological blemishes
were distinguished in past assessment contemplates, including:
no benchmark group; non-irregular gathering task; inability to
control or gauge frustrating factors; and poor program plan.
Further, the legitimacy and handiness of crash rates as a result
measure is flawed. Progressively strong research ought to be
attempted to assess driver training programs, utilizing
increasingly touchy measures to survey drivers' on-street
security.
References
Beanland, V., Goode, N., Salmon, P.M. and Lenné, M.G., 2013.
Is there a case for driver training? A review of the efficacy of
pre-and post-licence driver training. Safety science, 51(1),
pp.127-137.
4
Weekly journal #2
Ahmed Rahhali
GRAD 695Research Objective
The objective of the research study is illustrated as follows:
· Drivers training and its impact on accidents and crashes
reductionResearch Problem Consistently, drivers all through the
world are slaughtered or harmed in street traffic. Youthful
drivers run a more serious hazard all over the place, and this
issue is still generally unsolved. Better comprehension of the
fundamental procedures could, be that as it may, be a valuable
device in preventive undertakings. To change a youthful driver's
objectives behind driving and the setting in which it is done, a
wide range of strategies for influence ought to be tried. Both
"delicate" and "hard" techniques ought to be utilized. For
instance, correspondence and expanded authorization might be
18. utilized at the same time. Correspondence crusades or preparing
should feature the perils of risky conduct and specifically target
youthful guys. Preparing that utilize convincing, passionate
messages are best where youthful drivers are concerned.
Research shows that dispositions about security are shaped at an
early age, some time before lawful driving, and consequently it
would likewise be critical to target youthful young people.
Laws need implementation to be powerful and should target
territories of specific hazard to youthful drivers. Driver
instruction or correspondence crusades can't be required to
fundamentally change a youngster's life objectives. For that
reason, dynamic learning techniques that utilize the student's
own encounters must be applied. Unique courses for youthful
drivers intended to make people aware of their own inclinations
and the sort of social setting that influences their driving
conduct could be useful, regardless of whether offered through
the normal educational system or at driving schools.
The methodology in the exploration study alludes to the strategy
used to complete it. There are for the most part four sorts of
research approach, every one of which envelops explicit
ascribes as per the diverse idea of the investigations. These
sorts incorporate subjective methodology, quantitative
methodology, blended methodology and participatory
methodology. Subjective methodology is chosen to assemble
knowledge data in regards to the populace under research.
Quantitative methodology alludes to the ID and arrangement of
the exact and address discoveries. Blended methodology is
gainful in the circumstances requiring questioning utilizing both
subjective and quantitative procedures and participatory
methodology is picked in the looks into having any political
motivation. The subjective research approach is chosen for this
examination to investigate the drivers training and its impact on
accidents and crashes reduction. The reason behind the chose
approach is the idea of research inquiries to concentrate on
common settings, alternate points of view and contemplations,
19. investigation of components at fundamental level utilizing the
perceptions, meetings, reports, and created polls.
Research Design
Research configuration can be clarified as the reason behind the
lead of the exploration. The examination configuration may take
in the reasons to build the acknowledgment with some specific
and evident realities or to recognize connections between
explicit factors. Research configuration is additionally
separated into three kinds including illustrative research plan,
exploratory research structure and graphic research structure.
Informative plan attempts the correlation and assessment of the
distinctive research factors. In like manner, the point behind the
exploratory research is to gather top to bottom discernments
about the examination field that is beforehand not known by the
analysts. Besides, unmistakable research configuration alludes
the social event of more information from a formerly look into
region and to depict the equivalent. The structure of this
exploration is logical that will help in recognizing and
characterizing the connection between Drivers training and its
impact on accidents and crashes reduction.
1
Annotated Bibliography 2
Ahmed Rahhali
GRAD 695
The job that a particular driver preparing exercises and engine
sport play in altering driver conduct on open streets is an
exceptionally passionate and politicized theme, about which
there are many varying perspectives. In the primary phase of
this undertaking, the analyst directed an audit of the writing on
the relationship between both specific driver preparing
exercises and engine sport investment with driver conduct and
security out and about. The writing audit was exhibited to
20. AIMSS, CAMS and RACQ in May, 2017. For the second phase
of the venture, we gathered and examined self-report
information to respond to the subject of whether there is a
relationship between crashes on open streets and propelled
driver preparing and additionally engine sport support.
Information were gathered through a cross-sectional online
overview from Australian grown-ups who normally drive on
open streets in Australia. The discoveries from this second
phase of the undertaking are introduced right now. The general
research question was: Is there a relationship between inclusion
in impacts on open streets and association in pre-permit and
post-permit propelled driver preparing as well as engine sport?
The last investigation was directed to find out about the
variables that are related with engine sport cooperation that
could be identified with being a driver in an engine vehicle
impact in the past 5 years. The investigation was restricted to
engine sport members. A couple of variables straightforwardly
identified with engine sport preparing and rivalry were
altogether connected with being a driver in an engine vehicle
impact. Initially, engine sport members who had gotten no
engine sport preparing before the hour of the impact were bound
to be engaged with a crash as a driver contrasted and the
individuals who had gotten preparing in any event 10 years
preceding cooperation in the study. Second, engine sport
members were bound to report being a driver in an impact on
the off chance that they had contended in stock vehicle hustling
than if they had not. Conversely, the individuals who had
contended in visit vehicle dashing were less inclined to report
being a driver in a crash than those members who had not
contended in that kind of occasion.
Altogether, 663 respondents were alumni of ADT programs and
were not members in four-wheeled engine sport. About portion
of these respondents were moderately aged (48%) and in all day
work (48%). Most were male (87%) and lived in a capital city
(56%). Around 33% (37%) drove, overall, in any event 20,000
km/year, and generally (85%) normally drove under 20
21. hours/week on open streets. By and large, these ADT graduates
had negative demeaners towards speeding, low degrees of
unsafe or forceful driving conduct, and low penchants towards
chance taking conduct all the more by and large. Around one-
fourth of (27%) revealed a driving offense/encroachment in the
past 5 years, and 15% detailed being a driver in an engine
vehicle crash right now. The study didn't evaluate on the off
chance that they were to blame in the impacts. Around 33%
(35%) had gotten ADT before getting an open permit, and over
half (57%) had gotten ADT subsequent to getting an open
permit. Nine percent had gotten driver preparing for an engine
sport permit yet were not taking an interest in an engine sport as
a driver or a traveller.Reference
Heesch, K. and Ng, A., 2017. Associations between advanced
driver training, involvement in four-wheeled motor sport, and
collisions on public roads: Report on a Survey Study.
Ahmed Rahhali
Grad 695
Annotated bibliography #
Cassarino and murphy point out in their article the involvement
of young and less trained drivers as a contributor to road
accidents. The article shows that accidents relating to low skills
in the road were a significant transport issue worldwide. Writers
say that extensive evidence concerning individual and
environmental factors contributing to risk while driving. They
suggest a defined clear indicator of risk as well as effective
interventions in the field. In their study, they point out on
young drivers with fewer experience skills a crash report over
the past years to provide risk and protective factors across
various sectors from individual behavior to levels of training,
social influences, and matters concerning road network
environment.
22. In the article, Cassirono and Murphy adopted a perspective
ecological system to discuss and identify risk indicators,
especially those associated with young drivers. They make a
comparison between the experienced drivers and young drivers
to recognize the importance of quality training and experience
in reducing car crashes. They made a collection of evidence on
social and environmental factors' role in the drivers' behavior
and their impacts on the number of accidents on the road. They
proceeded to bring out the environmental factors that can
improve the driver’s behavior to reduce the rate of crashes on
the way. They both point out that driver training is a factor of
concern in reducing crashes.
Finally, among the factors, they gave much concern on was the
maturation of cognitive skills, that they say is crucial to safe
driving. They offer interest in training involving visual
scanning, hazard anticipation, and handling of vehicle
distractions (Cassarino & Murphy 2018). Social influences were
noted as among determinants of safety on the road for both
experienced and young drivers. Growing awareness of factors
intervening in all drivers, coupled up with technological
advances, has dramatically reduced the number of crashes.
However, further programs are required to provide maximum
skills to drivers adequately.
References
Cassarino, M., & Murphy,G. (2018). Reducing young drivers’
crash risk: are we there yet? An ecological systems-based
review of the last decade of research. Transportation research
part F: traffic psychology and behavior, 56, 54-73.
Annotated Bibliography 6
Ahmed Rahhali
GRAD 695
Horswill, M. S., & McKenna, F. P. (2004). Drivers’ hazard
23. perception ability: Situation awareness on the road. A cognitive
approach to situation awareness: Theory and application, 155-
175.
This source discusses about the importance of hazard
anticipation, in addition to distraction which are the major
cause of crashes and accidents. The hazard anticipation maybe
an incoming pedestrian in a blind spot and distractions which
are self-developed, maybe text messaging while driving. This
source helps to further develop the discussion in the
recommendation of Distractology programs for the Delivery
Drivers Training, as the regular training is not enough.
McDonald, C. C., Goodwin, A. H., Pradhan, A. K., Romoser, M.
R., & Williams, A. F. (2015). A review of hazard anticipation
training programs for young drivers. Journal of Adolescent
Health, 57(1), S15-S23.
This article helps to further the discussion of
effectiveness of delivery driver training. Adding to the
discussion the authors discusses the importance of Hazard
anticipation training programs especially for young drivers.
Hazard Anticipation is actually the cause of most crashes,
because as established most drivers, young drivers who engage
in crashes are not clueless they are careless. This is because
poor hazard anticipation skills are liked to high motor vehicle
crashes.
Zhang, T., Li, J., Thai, H., Zafian, T., Samuel, S., & Fisher, D.
L. (2016, September). Evaluation of the effect of a novice
driver training program on citations and crashes. In Proceedings
of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual
Meeting (Vol. 60, No. 1, pp. 1991-1995). Sage CA: Los
Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications.
This source mainly focuses on the effectiveness of
novice driver training programs with the main focus being on
citations and crashes. The hypothesis of the paper is that actual
and regular driver education and training is not effective
24. enough. Therefore, there is the need to provide additionally
training for novice drivers, which is the Distractology 101
program, that turned out to be effective, in reducing infractions
and crashes.