DEADLINE FRIDAY 352021 BY 0800 PM ESTINSTRUCTIONS Res

**DEADLINE: FRIDAY 3/5/2021 BY 08:00 PM EST**
INSTRUCTIONS: Respond to your colleague, asking questions
to help clarify the scenario and application of data, or offering
additional/alternative ideas for the application of nursing
informatics principles.
**Use at least 2 references**
Annemary Kimani
Top of Form
Health informatics is a term that describes the acquisition,
storage, retrieval, and use of healthcare information to foster
better collaboration among a patient's various healthcare
providers. Health informatics plays a critical role in the push
toward healthcare reform. Healthcare Informatics is defined as
"the integration of healthcare sciences, computer science,
information science, and cognitive science to assist in managing
healthcare information" (Saba & McCormick, 2015, p. 232).
Scenario
My scenario will be on reducing the rate of Hospital
Readmissions in the unit I work. After reading through this
week's resources, I realized a gap that needs bridging in my
work unit. Norris, Hinrichs, & Brown tell us, "gaps are present
between the technology and the process. Informatics can help
bridge that gap. Skills needed include the understanding of data
collection, storage, and extraction, in addition to an
appreciation for the power of data to drive and inform practice"
(2015, p. 11-12). The rate of patient readmission in my unit is
overwhelming. Working in a mental health crisis and
assessment can be very challenging, and it hurts to see a patient
discharged after four to seven days came back the same day or
the next day after discharge seeking the same help. The federal

government has estimated the annual cost of Medicare
readmissions to be $26 billion per year, with $17 billion
considered avoidable. ("Reducing hospital readmissions: The
value of analytics," 2019). The organization seems to have
failed in tracking these numbers and try to figure out ways to
reduce this problem.
As a nurse, I will use health informatics in the form of a
spreadsheet to acquire, store, retrieve and analyze the data of
those patients who have multiple admissions within three
months. Doing so will help communicate and collaborate better
with clinical improvement teams, doctors, and the
administration to focus on specific clinical measures needed to
manage baseline mental health processes and outcomes of these
patients to reduce readmission. Nursing informatics blends
information and knowledge, enhancing communication among
health care workers, improving efficiency, and providing
overall good patient outcomes (Laureate Video File. 2018).
To sum up, health informatics and Nursing Informatics are very
relevant in evolving health systems. Having a nurse
informaticist guiding data-driven processes, educating nurses,
and validating data quality, will advance health systems beyond
the data platform to reach the nursing workforce to inform
decisions at the healthcare delivery frontlines in the
organizations we work. According to Sweeney (2017), nursing
informaticists are the prime group to bridge the technology and
clinical care gap. Without a strong clinician presence in the
building and implementation process, gaps could remain.
References
Laureate Education (Producer). (2018). What is Informatics?
[Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.
Norris, B. J., Hinrichs, D. J., & Brown, D. A. (2015).

Meaningful Use Clinical Quality Measures and Beyond:
Meeting the Challenges of eMeasurement. Nursing Informatics
Today, 30(1), 8-12 5p
Reducing hospital readmissions: The value of analytics. (2019,
October 23). Health
Catalyst. https://www.healthcatalyst.com/insights/reducing-
hospital-readmissions-value-analytics
Saba, V. K. & McCormick, K. A. (2015). Essentials of nursing
informatics (6th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Sweeney, J. (Feb, 2017). Healthcare Informatics. Online
Journal of Nursing Informatics (OJNI), 21( 1), Available
at http://www.himss.org/ojni
Bottom of Form
Basic Skills Lab Activity (Measuring)
Purpose:
The lab is designed to help students develop basic lab
measuring skills.
Procedure
Show and record all work !!
Station I:
Using a meter stick, find and record the volume of the desktop.
Station II:
Use a beaker or Graduated cylinder to determine the volume of
a bowl
Station III:
Using a graduated cylinder, find the volume of 3 irregular
objects

Station IV:
Using the triple-beam balance, find the mass of 3 objects.
Convert the masses to
Kilo and milligrams.
Station V:
Using a thermometer, record the temp of ice water and tap
water. Convert the temps to Fahrenheit.
Station VI:
Using a metric ruler, find the volume of 3 books
Design a chart and list qualitative and quantitative observations
Metric – English UNITS chart
Quantity/ VariableName of Base Unitsymbol
Length
meter/ yard
m : yd
Volume
Liter/ gallon

L
Mass
gram/ pound
Kg or g :Lb
Temperature
Celcius
0C
Fahrenheit
0F

Force
Newton
N
Heat
Joule/ Calorie
J : Cal
Metric Prefix conversion
Kilo
Hecta
Deca
Base units ( m, L, g, sec)
deci

centi
milli
Some basic Metric – English Conversions
1 m = 39.37 in
1.6 Km = 1 mile
1600 m = 1 mile
1 Liter = .22 gallons
1 Liter = .01375 oz
**DEADLINE: FRIDAY 3/5/2021 BY 08:00 PM EST**
INSTRUCTIONS: Respond to your colleague, asking questions
to help clarify the scenario and application of data, or offering
additional/alternative ideas for the application of nursing
informatics principles.
**Use at least 2 references**
Jennifer Nubla
Top of Form
Nursing and healthcare informatics is essential as it improves
the quality and efficiency of information and data gathering,
enhancing service quality. American Nurses Association (as
cited in Sweeney, 2017) stated that nursing informatics helps
manage and communicate data information and knowledge in
the nursing practice. McGonigle and Mastrian (2017) mentioned

that "nursing informatics is a combination of nursing science,
information science, and computer science." Data analysis from
this science will help in the surveys known as HCAHPS
required for hospitals to show transparency in quality service.
CMS.gov (n.d.) mentioned that Hospital Consumer Assessment
of Healthcare Providers and System (HCAHPS) is the first
publicly reported, systematized survey that gathers data about
patients' perspectives.
Based on my healthcare practice, I remembered a scenario
where nurses gave patients instructions to mail patient
satisfaction survey questions. I know the importance of
feedback and reviews from post-care patient satisfaction
surveys to recognize areas that need improvement to provide
better nursing care for our patients. We all know that
healthcare is a service-oriented profession. As nurses, we offer
health services to our patients in need of it. A way for us to
evaluate the quality of service provided is to send patient
satisfaction surveys after an episode of hospitalization. These
surveys will be either mailed or delivered electronically or even
phone-in interviews. The data from these surveys can collect
information about their overall experience, the nursing staff's
attentiveness, the response time when they hit their "call
buttons," the quality of the food, etc. A rating system to
provide a metric of the areas mentioned above. Assuming that
you can obtain a large volume of post-hospitalization surveys
from your patients, the data can reveal which areas require
further assessment to improve overall care better.
The advancement in technology and the field of nursing
informatics in the healthcare setting is vastly growing. This
progress supports the enhancement of quality in data gathering,
efficiency in task performance, and quality care.
References
CMS.gov. (n.d.). HCAHPS: Patients' Perspectives of Care
Survey. Retrieved March 2, 2021,
from https://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Quality-Initiatives-Patient-
Assessment-Instruments/HospitalQualityInits/ HospitalHCAHPS

McGonigle, D., & Mastrian, K. G. (2017). Nursing informatics
and the foundation of knowledge (4th ed.). Burlington, MA:
Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Sweeney, J. (2017). Healthcare Informatics. Online Journal of
Nursing Informatics, 21(1), 4–1. Retrieved March 2, 2021,
from https://doi.org/https://eds-b-ebscohost-
com.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/eds/detail/detail?vid=0&sid=a8904
3fd-99f0-43f3-b57f-
792a862e5c06%40sessionmgr103&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWx
pdmUmc2NvcGU9c2l0ZQ%3d%3d#AN=128848047&db=rzh
Bottom of Form
Evolving Role of the Nursing Informatics
Specialist
Lynn M. NAGLEa, Walter SERMEUS b, Alain JUNGERc
a
Lawrence S. Bloomberg, Faculty of Nursing, University of
Toronto, Toronto, Ontario,
Canada
b
Leuven Institute for Healthcare Policy, University of Leuven,
Belgium
cUniversity Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
Abstract. The scope of nursing informatics practice has been
evolving over the
course of the last 5 decades, expanding to address the needs of

health care
organizations and in response to the evolution of technology. In
parallel, the
educational preparation of nursing informatics specialists has
become more
formalized and shaped by the requisite competencies of the role.
In this chapter,
the authors describe the evolution of nursing informatics roles,
scope and focus of
practice, and anticipated role responsibilities and opportunities
for the future.
Further, implications and considerations for the future are
presented.
Keywords. Nursing informatics specialist, role function,
connected health, data
science, big data, personalized medicine, clinical intelligence,
virtual care
1. Introduction
By 2018, 22 million households will use virtual care solutions,
up from less than a
million in 2013. Average (healthcare) visits among these
adopter households will
increase from 2 per year in 2013 to 6 per year in 2018, which
include both acute care

and preventive follow-up services in a variety of care settings—
at home, at retail kiosk
or at work. [1]
Nursing informatics roles have taken many forms in focus and
function over the
last decades; suffice it to say that they have not been
consistently described or defined
in terms of scope of practice. At the time of this writing it is
clear that role of nursing
informatics specialists will continue to evolve at an increasingly
rapid rate in the
coming years. The unfolding of new health care paradigms will
bring greater
connectivity between care providers and patients, include a
wide array of emerging
technologies and an increasing emphasis on data analytics will
make the integration of
informatics competencies into every area of nursing an
imperative.
2. Brief history of roles of the past and present
The earliest and most common types of informatics work
assumed by nurses has
included: oversight of organizational workload measurement

systems, project
leadership, systems educator, and nursing unit or departmental
information technology
resource. In many instances, these roles were enacted on the
basis of a specific
identified organizational need and were often secondments to
the Information
Technology Department. It was not unusual for these roles to
have the designation of
Forecasting Informatics Competencies for Nurses in the Future
of Connected Health
J. Murphy et al. (Eds.)
© 2017 IMIA and IOS Press.
This article is published online with Open Access by IOS Press
and distributed under the terms
of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License
4.0 (CC BY-NC 4.0).
doi:10.3233/978-1-61499-738-2-212
212
“IT nurse” [2]. As role responsibilities and job titles have been
widely varied, so have
the qualifications for each. The need for more specificity and
consistency in nursing

informatics roles has been recognized for several years [3, 4, 5].
The advent of formal education programs for nurses interested
in specializing in
informatics has occurred in conjunction with increasing
sophistication in the use of
information and communication technologies (ICT) in clinical
practice settings. Today,
nurses have the option to pursue specialization and credentials
at a variety of levels
including graduate specialization and specialty certification.
Advanced credentials and
certification (e.g., Certified Professional in Healthcare
Information and Management
Systems - CPHIMS) have afforded nurses the opportunity to
achieve credibility and
legitimacy regarding the specialty informatics knowledge and
skills they bring to bear
in nursing practice and academia and healthcare in general [6].
This credibility has
been recognized with the development of executive level
positions such as the “Chief
Nursing Informatics Officer” (CNIO) in some countries. The
position of the “Chief
Medical Informatics Officer” (CMIO) is much more prevalent

and deemed essential in
medium and large health care organizations while the C-level
nursing counterpart
remains less common. Several authors [7-11] have described the
role and competencies
for these senior informatics positions, yet the valuing of these
positions remains limited
among health care provider organizations.
In addition to the evolution of formalized training programs for
nurses interested in
informatics, the specialty of nursing informatics has continued
to evolve and has
become recognized in local jurisdictions, nationally and
internationally. Groups of like-
minded nurses have organized into special interest groups
affiliated with larger
interdisciplinary organizations (e.g., International Medical
Informatics Association -
Special Interest Group on Nursing Informatics (IMIA-NI-SIG)).
Organizations such as
the Canadian Nursing Informatics Association (CNIA), the
American Nursing
Informatics Association (ANIA), the Nursing Informatics
Working Group of the

European Federation for Medical Informatics (EFMI-NURSIE)
are examples of forums
for nurses to network, collaborate and profile their work in
informatics. The existence
of these specialty organizations has served to further legitimize
the work of nurse
informaticians and provided a venue for advancing regional,
national and international
efforts in nursing informatics. Through conferences, meetings
and the offering of
educational sessions, virtually and face to face, these networks
of nurse informaticists
have collectively advanced the practice and science of nursing
informatics. A case in
point is the International Nursing Informatics Congress and
post-conference, now held
bi-annually and hosted by countries across the globe. Outputs of
these meetings include
publications such as this one; benefitting nursing informatics
specialists and the nursing
profession worldwide.
At the time of this writing, we find nursing informatics
specialists in virtually

every clinical practice setting. The roles and focus of their work
endeavors are wide
and varied. The titles of “informatics nurse”, “nurse
informatician”, and “nursing
informatics specialist” are but a few of the titles applied to
nurses working in the field.
Many of the roles of the past and present have been more
extensively described
elsewhere [2,12]. For the purpose of this chapter, the authors
use the title of nursing
informatics specialist to provide illustrations of the potential
focus of these roles
current and future.
Roles to date have largely focused on supporting acquisition,
implementation and
evaluation of clinical information systems in health care
organizations. As noted by
McLane and Turley [4], “informaticians are prepared to
influence, contribute to, and
mold the realization of an organization’s vision for knowledge
management” (p.30).
L.M. Nagle et al. / Evolving Role of the Nursing Informatics
Specialist 213

Nurses have been in pivotal roles at every step of the systems
life cycle and
instrumental in the success of deployments at every level of an
organization. From the
provision of executive oversight, project management, systems
education and training,
and analytics, nurses in clinical settings have become core to
organizations’
information management infrastructure and support.
In addition to health care provider organizations, nursing
informatics specialists
can be found in the employ of technology vendors, retail
outlets, and consulting firms
while many others have created their own entrepreneurial
enterprise. Over the last few
decades, technology vendors, hardware and software, have come
to appreciate the
invaluable contribution of nurses to the development, sales and
deployment of their
solutions. Throughout the world, nurses are also engaged in
academic pursuits to
advance the knowledge base of nursing informatics through the
conduct of research.

Efforts are underway in many countries to advance the adoption
and integration of
entry-to-practice informatics competencies into undergraduate
nursing programs.
Notwithstanding some of the ongoing gaps in the provision of
informatics content in
undergraduate nursing education, many courses and programs
have been taught in a
variety of post-secondary education institutions over several
years by nursing
informatics specialists. In fact it is not unusual for many nurses
to develop an interest
in informatics through a single course and subsequently pursue
further studies and
employment opportunities.
Since the early 90’s many graduate level courses and degrees,
certificate and
certification programs have been developed and offered world-
wide. Nurses have
pursued these opportunities recognizing the necessity of
informatics knowledge and
skills now and particularly into the future, as they face an
increasingly connected world
of digital healthcare. To a large extent, the core competencies

of the nursing
informatics specialist have become essential for all nurses and
expectations of the
specialist role will continue to evolve even further.
3. Emerging roles for nursing informatics specialists
The healthcare sector continues to evolve in the application and
use of technologies to
support the delivery of care. Factors including: a) rising health
care expenditures, b) the
increasing incidence of chronic disease, c) the ubiquity of
technology, d) an aging
demographic, e) personalized medicine, f) mobile and virtual
healthcare delivery, g) the
emergence of consumer informatics, h) genomics, i) big data
science, and connected
health are and will continue informing the evolution of nursing
informatics roles.
One of the main challenges we have to cope with is the
difference in growth rate
that is exponential for the new technology and knowledge yet is
still linear for
changing human behavior, learning, organizations, legislation,
ethics, etc, A linear

growth rate is mostly represented by a function in a form like
y(x) = ax+b. An
exponential growth rate is mostly represented by a function in a
form like f(x) = kax.
For example: In an exponential world where the information is
doubling every year, 5
exponential years would equal to 25 or 32 linear years which
has a massive impact on
the management of professional knowledge. In reality, we
estimate that knowledge
development in healthcare, which has doubled every century
until 1900, is now
estimated to double every 18 months. And the pace is getting
faster. This means that
when nurses finish their education, the knowledge they gained
might be already
outdated. The traditional way of developing procedures,
protocols and care pathways,
sometimes requiring a year to develop, are outdated when they
are finalized and are
Specialist214
insufficient to guide future practice. The only way forward is to

integrate and embed
the new knowledge in electronic patient records using
algorithms and decision support
systems so that practice remains aligned with new knowledge
and insights. The impact
might be that best practices can change very quickly and what is
viewed as best
practice before your holiday leave might be different upon your
return to work. Making
the connection between these different dimensions of time will
be a key-role of the
evolving role of the NI specialist.
A second challenge is that clinical practice in the future will be
largely team based.
The nature of teams will include interprofessional teams,
patients and their relatives
and a wide range of virtual devices (internet of things - IoT)
that are all connected.
Teams will work across boundaries of organizations and will be
organized around a
particular patient. We still have to come up with new labels for
naming these temporary
virtual interprofessional patient teams. Practically it will mean
that nurses will be

(temporary) members of different teams at the same time. This
notion of teamwork is
in contrast with what we normally see as teams organized in
organizations, departments
and units. It will challenge how teams will be managed, led, and
evaluated. But it will
also challenge the communication within teams and the
exchange of information.
3.1 Virtual and connected care
The delivery of health services virtually is becoming
commonplace in many places
around the globe. Virtual care has been defined as: “any
interaction between patients
and/or members of their circle of care, occurring remotely,
using any forms of
communication or information technologies, with the aim of
facilitating or maximizing
the quality and effectiveness of patient care” [13, p 4].
The most common modalities of virtual care are currently in use
in telemedicine.
Telemedicine has been largely used to conduct remote medical
consultations,
assessments and diagnosis (e.g., teledermatology, telestroke,

telepsychiatry) through
the use of computer technology and associated peripheral
devices including digital
cameras, stethoscopes and opthalmoscopes, and diagnostic
imaging. More recently, the
tools of telemedicine have been extended to the provision of
remote nursing monitoring
and assessment particularly for individuals with chronic
diseases such as congestive
heart failure (CHF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD). The nurses
providing these tele-homecare services are not necessarily
informatics specialists but
the design and management of the monitoring tools,
infrastructure and support services
may be provided by them in the future.
Another emerging area of nursing informatics practice will
likely focus on the use
of remote monitoring technologies such as sensors and alerts
embedded in structures
(e.g., flooring, lighting, furniture, fixtures) and appliances (e.g.,
stove, refrigerator) in
the homes of citizens. These tools offer the promise of
supporting seniors to maintain a

level of independence in their own homes longer, particularly
those with cognitive or
sensory impairments. Such devices might trigger direct
messaging to providers, lay and
professional, flagging potentially harmful situations and
affording early intervention as
necessary. Different types of sensors (e.g., sleep, activity,
falls, ambulation,
continence, fluid and electrolyte) will also contribute new
supplementary data to health
information repositories, offering the possibility of linking to
other data sets and
provide new insights to the well-being of individuals in the
community especially the
aged and those living with chronic illness.
With the increasing use of consumer health solutions such as
patient portals and
smartphone apps for self-monitoring and management of health
and disease, nurse
Specialist 215
informatics specialists will likely play a key role in their

support and development.
From the perspective of application design and usability, and
training, nursing input
and informatics expertise will be important to ensure
appropriate and safe use of these
tools. As individuals and their families become more active
participants in their care
through the use of applications and devices to connect with
providers, they will likely
also need expertise and support from the nursing informatics
specialist.
3.2 Knowledge generation and innovation
The traditional ways of new knowledge generation is through
research and the
dissemination of findings in research journals. Knowledge is
consumed by researchers
and clinicians who transform it into relevant guidelines and care
pathways. The time
between the generation of research findings and application in
the real clinical work
can take several years. It is generally estimated that it takes an
average of 17 years for
research evidence to reach clinical practice [14]. Therefore
clinicians are not always

aware of existing evidence. In a landmark study, McGlynn et al.
[15] evaluated the use
of evidence-based guidelines in 30 conditions and 439
indicators for the use of the
same. They showed that clinicians (doctors, nurses) only appl y
50% of them in their
daily practice. The use varied from 80% for structured
conditions such as cataract to
10% for unstructured conditions such as alcohol addiction.
There is also a lot of
research demonstrating that nurses lack knowledge related to
common procedures.
Dilles study illustrated [16] that nurses lack sufficient
pharmacological knowledge and
calculation skills. Baccalaureate prepared nurses’
pharmacological knowledge averaged
between 60% and 65% of the level expected. Segal et al. [17]
analyzed the use of hip
arthroplasty care pathways in 19 Belgian hospitals finding a
high variability in
providing evidence-based interventions. While post-op pain
monitoring is in 100% of
the care pathways, pre-op physiotherapy was only present in
25% of the care pathways.

In the future of connected health, there will be direct links to
knowledge generated
by specialists from around the world. New knowledge will be
automatically integrated
and embedded into electronic patient records, and include new
algorithms for decision
support systems. It is interesting to note that Hearst Health
Network, one of the largest
media and communication groups in the world, is taking a
leading role in healthcare.
They started an intensive collaboration among strong health
knowledge companies
such as First Databank (FDB), Map of Medicine, Zynx Health
and Milliman Care
Guidelines (MCG). FDB is a United Kingdom company
specialized in integrated drug
knowledge to prescribe medication, follow-up drug interactions,
improve clinical
decision making and patient outcomes. Map of Medicine was
created in the UK for
clinicians by clinicians. It offers a web-based visual
representation of evidence-based
patient journeys covering 28 medical specialties and 390
pathways. Zynx Health offers

a similar story from the US to provide evidence-based clinical
decision support system
solutions at the point of care through electronic patient records.
MCG produces
evidence-based clinical guidelines and software and is widely
used in the US, UK and
Middle East. Other examples of health information networks are
CPIC (Clinical
Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium) to help
clinicians understand how
available genetic test results could be used to optimize drug
therapy, the International
Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) which facilitates data
sharing to describe genomic
sequences in tumor types among research groups all over the
world. In the information
models, such as archetypes and Detailed Clinical Models (see
section C chapter 1) offer
summaries of evidence for specific clinical concepts.
Specialist216
Likely one of the most significant areas of focus for nursing

in the near term is data science and the use of “big data”. Big
data has been defined as:
“large amounts of data emerging from sensors, novel research
techniques, and
ubiquitous information technologies” [18, p. 478]. Access to big
data unveils a whole
new sphere of informatics opportunities related to health and
nursing analytics.
According to Masys [19], big data is “that which exceeds the
capacity of unaided
human cognition and strains the computer processing units,
bandwidth, and storage
capabilities of modern computers”. The future development of
nursing capabilities in
data science will essentially lead to an entirely new cadre of
nursing informatics
specialists whose work will focus on deriving new nursing
knowledge from not only
electronic health record data, but also the data from sensor and
remote monitoring
technologies, patient portals and mobile apps described above.
The implications of -
omics data such as genomics, metabolomics, and proteomics,

being included as part of
the electronic health record in the near future, should be taken
into account. Nurse
informatics specialists will be pivotal in assisting to identify
potential ethical and
practice implications in the use of these data.
Using big data, the knowledge generating process might be
reversed into practice-
based evidence where data from electronic health records,
patient portals, sensors etc.
are uploaded into large databases that identify patterns and
clinical interesting
correlations. An example of the power of analyzing large
datasets is the Vioxx-case
(rofecoxib). Although a clinical trial initially showed no
increased risk of adverse
cardiovascular events for the first 18 months of Vioxx use, a
joint analysis of the US
FDA and Kaiser Permanente’s Healthconnect database of more
than 2 million person-
years of follow-up, the NSAID arthritis and pain drug was
found shown to have an
increased risk for heart attacks and sudden cardiac death. [20]
After the findings were

confirmed in a large meta-analysis, Merck decided to withdraw
the drug from the
market worldwide in 2004.
With the proliferation of these emerging data sources and
databases, the nursing
informatics specialist will play a key role in the use of these
data to inform quality and
safety improvements in every practice setting.
3.3 Sharing knowledge and communication
In the realm of the new normal of connected health, nurses will
work in temporary
teams around patients. Within these teams it will be essential
that goals are clear and
shared, that roles are defined and accepted and that the way of
working is clear to
everyone. It requires systems for coordination and
communication to ensure the
continuity of care. Reid et al. [21] defined continuity of care as:
"how one patient
experiences care over time as coherent and linked; this is the
result of good
information flow, good interpersonal skills, and good
coordination of care". They

make a distinction between information continuity, relational
continuity and
management continuity. Information continuity consists on one
hand in the exchange
and transfer of information among health care providers and to
patients and on the
other hand how the knowledge of the patient is accumulated. It
is about their specific
knowledge, preferences, expectations, social network. With the
existence of the new
technology of the quantified self, it is important that these new
data are effectively
integrated and connected. Relational continuity consists of the
trusted relationship
between patient and healthcare provider. Increasingly advanced
practice nurses are
assuming this pivotal role within the health team. Management
continuity is referring
to a consistent and coherent approach to the health problem
across organizations and
Specialist 217

boundaries. The Belgian healthcare system offers an interesting
example of this:
General Practitioners are stimulated (financially) to prescribe
generic drugs. Hospitals
are stimulated to negotiate discounts with pharmaceutical
companies leading to brand
named drug choices. Although they might chemically be
identical, for the patient they
often are not as they have different names. Like drugs may be
different in size and
color leading to more medication errors as patients may take
two pills without being
aware that they are the same drug.
Although nurses spend a lot of time documenting care, the
accuracy of nursing
documentation has been found to be poor. In a study within 10
Dutch hospitals, Paans
et al. [22] found that within 341 patient records the accuracy of
documentation of
diagnoses was poor or moderate in 76% of the records. The
accuracy of the
intervention documentation was poor or moderate in 95% of the
patient records. Only
the accuracy for admission, progress notes and outcomes

evaluation and the legibility
were acceptable. The work of Connected Health should support
the documentation
systems of nurses and other health professionals. The use of
structured documentation
methodologies and standardized terminologies should improve
the quality of the
patient record and improve the capacity for comparability of
care processes and
outcomes across the care continuum and within patient care
groups.
3.4 Impact of connected health on the Scope of Practice of
Nurses and Advanced
Practice Nurses (APN)
In Connected Health, the scope of practice of nurses will
change. For example, based
on time and motion studies, it has been shown that nurses spend
5-7% of their time [23,
24] collecting vital sign data. In the future this work will be
assimilated by sensors and
other devices. However, nurses’ work will be more focused on
analyzing the data and
evaluating thresholds for action (e.g., alerting rapid response
teams). Another example

is the use of sensors for pressure ulcer monitoring [25]. The
used sensors will provide
information about patient temperature, skin humidity, pressure
points and position.
These data will generate a whole new set of information for
review and action
including pressure intensity map and humidity intensity maps.
These data would lead to
more precise management of pressure sores. Other examples of
data gathering that will
change the focus and processes of nurses’ work include:
barcode scanning for checking
identity of patients, patient and device tracking systems, and
robotic dispensing of
medication.
Patient access to their own records and partnering in their own
health will change
the roles of physicians, nurses and hospitals drastically. The
work of nurses will
increasingly shift from a direct care provision to the role of
knowledge broker in
helping patients to understand care alternatives, manage their
health, and navigate

information access.
4. Impact of connected health on the evolving role of the
Nursing Informatics
Specialist
Connected health will alter the future role of the nursing
informatics specialist and
require a new set of competencies. To a large extent these
competencies will build
upon existing competencies but have an increasing emphasis on
information use rather
than technology use. Table 1 provides a summary of the
anticipated new competencies
Specialist218
and role responsibilities that are likely to be necessary for
Nursing Informatics
Specialists in the emerging world of connected health and the
IoT.
Table 1. New competencies related to the future role of nursing
New Competencies New Roles

Knowledge Innovation and
Generation
• Provide guidance and support to others (nurses, patients) in
the
application and use of emerging knowledge (e.g., clinical
decision
support, Practice-Based Evidence (PBE), genomics, expert and
patient/citizen knowledge)
• Inform-teach others (clinicians, teams, patients) about new
knowledge and knowledge innovations relevant to specific
situations
• Provide direction and support to others in the use of
international
guidelines and knowledge
• Contribute internationally to new knowledge generation and
innovations ensuring the inclusion of relevant team member and
patient perspectives and expertise
Monitoring the use of new
technology
• Monitor and maintain vigilance over data/technologies to

identify
those that add value to a given health situation.
• Recognize that nurses, other clinicians and patients may
engage and
assume responsibility independently and or interdependently for
specific data (e.g., remote monitoring, self-monitoring,
wearables,
appliances).
• Recognize the emergence of patient self-service and relevance
of
patient expertise in specific situations.
Value judgement & quality
assessment
• Provide guidance as to the value and relevance of specific data
and
information as derived from single or multiple sources for any
given
set of circumstances, or health situations.
Change Management • Identify the broader scope and
considerations for change
management in the context of connected health (e.g., virtual and

physical participants/partners)
• Recognize the extended complexities of technology adoption
in the
context of connected health.
Communication &
Documentation
With increasingly complex and personalized approaches to
health care,
participate in the identification and/or development of new:
• models of clinical documentation
• methods of communication
• data standards
• terminology standards
• data sources
• data models
• data repositories
Data Analytics In addition to traditional quantitative and
qualitative analyses, support
and participate in the development and use of new approaches
and

methods of data analytics for:
• knowledge generation (e.g., natural language processing,
experiential data)
• reporting outcomes
• demonstrations of value (e.g., patient-caregiver perspectives,
health
and financial outcomes)
• predictive and retrospective analyses
Specialist 219
5. Conclusion
The future Nursing Informatics Specialist will function in the
context of virtual care
delivery, be informed by data aggregated from a multiplicity of
sources and real-time
knowledge generation that will inform individualized care. In
addition to the
competencies required to date, they will be required to support
other clinicians and
patients and families as they assume new roles and use data

analytics to interpret and
appropriately apply new knowledge. With the IoT, connected
care will pose as yet
unknown challenges for the Nursing Informatics Specialist in
the future; what is certain
is that the role will continue to evolve from the role scope and
responsibilities known
today.
References:
[1] Wang H. (2014). Virtual Health Care Will Revolutionize
The Industry, If We Let It. April 3, 2014.
Forbes.
[2] Nagle LM. (2015). Role of informatics nurse. In K.J.
Hannah, P. Hussey, M.A. Kennedy, & M.J. Ball
(Eds.), Introduction to nursing informatics (pp. 251-270).
London: Springer-Verlag.
[3] Hersh W. (2006). Who are the informaticians? What we
know and should know. J Am Med Inform
Assoc 13(2):166-170
[4] McLane S & Turley J. (2011). Informaticians: how they
may benefit your healthcare organization. J
Nurs Adm 41(1):29-35.

[5] Smith SE, Drake LE, Harris JG, Watson K & Pohlner PG
(2011). Clinical informatics: a workforce
priority for 21st century healthcare. Aust Health Rev 35(2):130-
5. doi: 10.1071/AH10935.
[6] Health Information Management Systems Society(HIMSS)
(2016). Health IT certifications. Retrieved
September 28, 2016 from: http://www.himss.org/health-it-
certification
[7] Harrington L. (2012). AONE Creates New Position Paper:
Nursing Informatics Executive. Nurse
Leader 10(3): 17-21.
[8] Remus S & Kennedy M (2012). Innovation in
transformative nursing leadership : nursing informatics
competencies and roles. Nurs Leadership 25(4):14-26.
[9] Kirby SB. (2015). Informatics leadership: The role of the
CNIO. Nursing 2015 (Apr):21-22.
[10] Cooper A. & Harmer S (2012). Strategic leadership skills
for nursing informatics. Nurs Times
108(20): 25-6.
[11] Simpson R. (2013). Chief nurse executives need
contemporary informatics competencies. Nurs Econ
3(6) 277-87.
[12] Murphy J. (2011). The nursing informatics workforce:

Who they are and what they do? Nurs Econ
29(3), 150-3.
[13] Women’s College Hospital Institute for Health Systems
Solution
s and Virtual Care (WIHV) (2015).
Virtual Care: A Framework for a Patient-Centric System.
Retrieved from:
http://www.womenscollegehospital.ca/assets/pdf/wihv/WIHV_V
irtualHealth Symposium.pdf on April
14, 2016.
[14] Morris ZS, Wooding S, Grant J. (2011). The answer is 17
years, what is the question: understanding
time lags in translational research. J R Soc Med 104(12):510-
20.
[15] McGlynn EA, Asch SM, Adams J, Keesey J, Hicks J,
DeCristofaro A, Kerr EA. The quality of health

care delivered to adults in the United States. N Engl J Med.
348(26):2635-45.
[16] Dilles T, Vander Stichele RR, Van Bortel L, Elseviers
MM. (2011) Nursing students' pharmacological
knowledge and calculation skills: ready for practice? Nurse
Educ Today 31(5):499-505.
[17] Segal O, Bellemans J, Van Gerven E, Deneckere S,
Panella M, Sermeus W, Vanhaecht K. (2011)
Important variations in the content of care pathway documents
for total knee arthroplasty may lead to
quality and patient safety problems. J Eval Clin Pract., Aug 23,
p.11-5
[18] Brennan P. & Bakken S. (2015). Nursing Needs Big Data
and Big Data Needs Nursing. J Nurs
Scholarship 47(5):477–484.
[19] National Institutes of Health Big Data to Knowledge.

(2014). Workshop on enhancing training for
biomedical big data. Retrieved from:
http://bd2k.nih.gov/pdf/ bd2k_training_workshop_report.pdf.
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[20] Graham DJ, Campen D, Hui R, Spence M, Cheetham C,
Levy G, Shoor S, Ray WA. (2005). Risk of
acute myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death in patients
treated with cyclo-oxygenase 2
selective and non-selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory
drugs: nested case-control study. Lancet
365(9458):475-81.
[21] Reid R., Haggerty J., McKendry R. (2002). Defusing the
Confusion: Concepts and Measures of

Continuity of Healthcare. Canadian Health Services Research
Foundation.
[22] Paans W, Sermeus W, Nieweg RM, van der Schans CP.
(2010) Prevalence of accurate nursing
documentation in patient records. J Adv Nurs. Aug 23, p. 1365-
2648
[23] Mendonck K., Meulemans H., Defourny J. (2000), Tijd
voor zorg: een analyse van de zorgverlening in
de gezondheids- en welzijnssector, VUB Press, 126pp.
[24] Hendrich A, Chow MP, Skierczynski BA, Lu Z. (2008). A
36-hospital time and motion study: how do
medical-surgical nurses spend their time? Perm J. 12(3):25-34.
[25] Marchione FG, et al., (2015). Approaches that use
software to support the prevention of pressure ulcer:
A systematic review. Int J Med Inform, 84(10):725-36.

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Healthcare Informatics.
Sweeney, Julianne
Online Journal of Nursing Informatics (ONLINE J NURS
INFORM),
Winter2017; 21(1): 4-1. (1p)
Article

English
Nursing Informatics -- Trends
Diffusion of Innovation
Health Informatics -- Trends
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act; Meaningful Use;
Health
Policy; Policy Making
Healthcare Informatics is defined as "the integration of health-
care
sciences, computer science, information science, and cognitive
science
to assist in the management of healthcare information" (Saba &
McCormick, 2015, p. 232). Nursing Informatics is a subset of
informatics, specific to the field and the role of the nurse in the
healthcare setting. The American Nurses Association (ANA)
identified
nursing informatics as "a specialty that integrates nursing,
science,
computer science, and information science to manage and
communicate data, information, and knowledge in nursing
practice"
(ANA, 2001, p.17). Healthcare and nursing informatics are both

vastly
growing fields within the medical field and are continuously
incorporating
new and evolving technology. Both have been around for the
past three
decades, at least. The technology boom at the turn of the
century has
helped informatics and information systems further evolve.
Enhanced
delivery of care, improved health outcomes, and advanced
patient
education are just a few aspects that have improved. With any
new
technology or innovation there are implications, some
foreseeable and
some that come to light after the unveiling of the new process
or
product: some impacts that are most notable are clinical,
managerial,
and policy implications. This paper explores the implications,
(both
constructive and adverse), that are the most notable in today's
healthcare world within the healthcare and nursing informatics
fields.

Computer/Information Science; Core Nursing; Nursing; Peer
Reviewed;
USA
1089-9758
NLM UID: 9806523
20180412
20201019
128848047
CINAHL Plus with Full Text
4fa1-809d-

Healthcare Informatics
care sciences, computer science, information
science, and cognitive science to assist in the management of
healthcare information" (Saba & McCormick,
2015, p. 232). Nursing Informatics is a subset of informatics,
specific to the field and the role of the nurse in the
healthcare setting. The American Nurses Association (ANA)
identified nursing informatics as "a specialty that
integrates nursing, science, computer science, and information
science to manage and communicate data,
information, and knowledge in nursing practice" (ANA, 2001,
p.17). Healthcare and nursing informatics are
both vastly growing fields within the medical field and are
continuously incorporating new and evolving
technology. Both have been around for the past three decades,
at least. The technology boom at the turn of
the century has helped informatics and information systems
further evolve. Enhanced delivery of care,
improved health outcomes, and advanced patient education are
just a few aspects that have improved. With
any new technology or innovation there are implications, some
foreseeable and some that come to light after
the unveiling of the new process or product: some impacts that

are most notable are clinical, managerial, and
policy implications. This paper explores the implications, (both
constructive and adverse), that are the most
notable in today's healthcare world within the healthcare and
nursing informatics fields.
Citation
Sweeney, J. (Feb, 2017). Healthcare Informatics. Online Journal
of Nursing Informatics (OJNI), 21( 1),
Available at http://www.himss.org/ojni
Introduction
care sciences, computer science, information
science, and cognitive science to assist in the management of
healthcare information" (Saba & McCormick,
2015, Pg. 232). Nursing Informatics is a subset of informatics,
specific to the field and the roll of the nurse in
the healthcare setting. The American Nurses Association (ANA)
identified nursing informatics as "a specialty
that integrates nursing, science, computer science, and
information science to manage and communicate data,
information, and knowledge in nursing practice" (ANA, 2001,
Pg.17). Healthcare and nursing informatics are
both vastly growing fields within the medical field and are

continuously incorporating new and evolving
technology. Both have been around for the past three decades,
at least. The technology boom at the turn of
the century has helped informatics and information systems
further evolve. Enhanced delivery of care,
improved health outcomes, and advanced patient education are
just a few aspects that have improved. With
any new technology or innovation there are implications, some
foreseeable and some that come to light after
the unveiling of the new process or product. Some impacts that
are most notable are clinical, managerial, and
policy implications. This paper will explore the implications,
both constructive and adverse, most notable in
today's healthcare world within the healthcare informatics and
nursing informatics fields.
Clinical Implications
The use of informatics is seen in a multitude of processes within
the clinical setting. Whether inpatient or
outpatient, clinicians and patients utilize online portal systems,
electronic medical records, data collection
devices such as vital sign machines and glucometers, as well as
personal data devices and email, to name a
few. When considering these systems and how they effect the
process and flow of the clinical setting, it is

important to not only consider the technology at hand but also
the workflow and the data collection process.
Norris, Hinrichs, & Brown, tell us "gaps are present between the
technology and the process. Informatics can
help bridge that gap. Skills needed include understanding of
data collection, storage, and extraction, in addition
to an appreciation for the power of data to drive and inform
practice" (2015, p. 11-12). Healthcare
informaticists, especially nursing informaticists, are the prime
group to help bridge that gap. Without a strong
http://www.himss.org/ojni
4fa1-809d-
clinician presence in the building and implementation process,
gaps will remain. With healthcare informaticists
involved in the development, a strong product can be delivered
that is usable to all members of the healthcare

team.
President Obama signed the American Recovery and
Reinvestment Act (ARRA) into law in 2009. This law
includes the Health Information and Technology for Economic
Clinical Health Act (HITECH). HITECH
formulated the Meaningful Use (MU) program under the Centers
for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS).
Meaningful Use incentivizes providers to use their Electronic
Health Records (EHR) by financially rewarding
them when demonstrating their use, but also poses a threat by
penalizing them if not used in the future (Norris,
Hinrichs, & Brown, 2015). These Acts greatly impact both
nursing and the healthcare field clinically. Providers
who do not typically use an EHR are now finding themselves in
a learning curve while still maintaining their
patient caseload, and providing comprehensive care. However
this vast amount of data collection across a
multitude of healthcare settings has provided opportunity in
enhancements of care. While the initial roll out of
these initiatives may cause chaos, the benefits of these
initiatives will allow clinicians to provide
comprehensive, safe, evidence-based care to all of their
patients. Health care staff will be able to quickly and
safely access pertinent information on their patients throughout

the health institution and beyond.
In addition to enhancements in care and improved evidence-
based practice, the increased amount of data
collected by EHRs and other data systems has created a massive
amount of data that hospitals and health
care organizations now have to manage and analyze. "This has
led to increased demand for professionals who
are well versed in both informatics and medicine. To meet this
demand, the American Medical Informatics
Association spearheaded the establishment of professional-level
education and certification for physicians in
informatics" (Simpao, Ahumada, Galvez, & Rehman, 2014, p.
45). We are now seeing a new influx of
healthcare professionals entering this sub-specialty. The needs
for these professionals to collect, interpret, and
study the data and the operation of information systems is
crucial to the success and usability of these
systems. Lehman, Shorte, & Gundlapalli (2013) stated that "it is
reasonable to predict that the number of
leadership positions in clinical informatics with titles and roles
such as chief medical informatics officer, chief
health informatics officer, directors of clinical informatics, and
lead of EHR implementation, etc., will increase in
the near future" (p. 528).

Managerial Implications
The use of healthcare informatics is not only prevalent in the
clinical setting but also in the managerial setting.
In our society, communication comes in a multitude of
applications: verbal, physical, and now electronic. We
often find that individuals can contact us by using various
applications such as telephone, fax, pager, instant
messenger, email, and so on. It is crucial for those in
managerial positions to utilize these information systems
to aid their work and the work of their staff while being mindful
to set limits and standards. Time management is
a prevalent issue in the healthcare setting, thus the use of
informatics to aid and organize and not create
barriers is essential. However, these expansive communication
tools can create stress and feelings of intake
overload. Marquis & Huston (2013) suggested "to reduce
interruptions and distractions, individuals should shut
off their email, isolate themselves, and make sure the
environment around them is working to strengthen their
willpower and focus" (p. 189). Healthcare professionals need to
ensure that they are utilizing informatics to aid
their work and time management, not impeding them. Marquis
& Huston (2013) go on to note that "creating a
workspace that has a desk with enough clear space to do your

work, good lighting, and a comfortable chair" is
crucial (p.190).
Information systems in the managerial role often consist of
interpreting information and modifying data to be
utilized in decision-making processes. Managerial programs
facilitate payroll functions, streamline material
4fa1-809d-
control, and assist with financial and administrative factors of
their role (Pacheco de Souza, Santiago & Izu,
2015, p.7284). As seen in clinical implications, Meaningful Use
also plays a role in the role of the manager. It is
important for "nurse managers to utilize informatio n from the
EHR to show Meaningful Use and are important
to the process of determining how information is organized and
categorized within the EHR" (Biddle &

Milstead, 2016, p.12). Without nurse manager and other
administrator identification of how to best capture and
report Meaningful Use information, the healthcare organization
may not be compliant with this aspect of the
HITECH Act.
The continuously growing field of informatics is of great
benefit to healthcare managers at all levels. Using this
growing technology can greatly benefit their role and improve
the function of their staff. Pacheco de Souza,
Santiago, & Izu (2015) go on to acknowledge that this
advancing technology "should be utilized as a
management tool, giving power and autonomy to nurse
managers in more efficient use of available
technological resources" (p.7285). One example of this is where
a unit may identify incomplete documentation
on a given point of care. The nurse manager can then construct
a work group of colleagues who are involved
in the process including an IT specialist. Once this group
identifies the issues and improved processes, they
can present their recommendations to administration, ultimately
improving documentation in the EHR (Biddle &
Milstead, 2016). Thus, healthcare information systems can
improve communication, time-management, and
delivery of information amongst staff and patients.

Policy Implications
As previously noted in clinical implications and managerial
implications, the amount of data that is now
available from EHRs and other forms of information systems, is
larger than healthcare providers have ever
dealt with. Policy makers are now able to utilize this data to
inform their decision-making about public-health
issues. It is crucial now, more than ever, that epublic health
staff are available at various levels of the health
system to develop skills and knowledge to better utilize existing
datasets. Adair (2012) identified guidelines to
help public health officials understand, interpret, and best
utilize this influx of information. "These guidelines
were developed to assist public health officials assess the
quality of existing health data, and effectively utilize
such data to compute indicators to inform health sector policy-
making" (p. 53). If policymakers are not able to
thoroughly understand data derived from the utilization of
electronic health records, patient portals, and other
data sources, then people cannot expect them to make sound
judgments when voting on new laws.
In this age of technology it is important that healthcare
providers, managers, and informaticists are mindful of

adhering to HIPAA regulations to ensure that growing
technology is incorporated in current policies. With the
use of EHRs and mobile health applications there is an
increased "liability for healthcare organizations if there
is a breach in patient confidentiality or privacy, which is why
organizations must have policies in place that
guide the use of telehealth and communication" (Biddle &
Milstead, 2016). Ensuring proper policy is in place
and that changes are made as needed when new technology is
introduced is crucial.
McGowan, Cusack, and Bloomrosen (2012) wrote, "since 2006,
the American Medical Informatics Association
(AMIA) has convened an annual investigational Health Policy
meeting to examine Cutting edge issues in
healthcare and health-information technology (health IT)
policy" (p. 460). These meetings will identify and
discuss potential issues with health IT and informatics as well
as develop a plan and report to present to our
nation's policymakers so they are well informed when making
and voting for pertinent policies and laws
(McGowan, Cusack, & Bloomrosen, 2012). It is important that
health professionals, information technology
developers, and policymakers are able to communicate and work
together in the interest of delivering the most

efficient and safest patient care.
4fa1-809d-
Meaningful Use is one example of health policy and health
informatics working together. The initiative behind
Meaningful Use was to encourage the use of Electronic Health
Records in all health systems nationwide.
However with this initiative, some providers may find
themselves not being truthful in their documentation in
order to meet the incentives set by the HITECH legislation.
McGowan, Cusack, and Bloomrosen (2012),
identified that "with the mandate for meaningful use of health
IT by providers, there is ample opportunity for
inappropriate and even fraudulent or illegal activities, ranging
from lack of oversight to deliberate
misrepresentation" (p. 461). Although dishonorable, some
providers may lie to ensure their practice is able to

receive the best monetary incentive by adhering to Meaningful
Use measures and may alter their
documentation to fit the criteria.
McGowan, Cusack, and Bloomrosen (2012) also identified
policy concerns with health IT and informatics when
discussing federal and state roles. Often federal and state
regulations and health IT initiatives lack
coordination. "Without explicit guidelines, proprietary state
systems may be created, with many not being able
to connect to the national health information infrastructure and
some not acknowledging the healthcare
systems that cross state lines" (McGowan, Cusack, and
Bloomrosen, 2012, p.462). It is crucial that not only
health professionals and government coordinate their objectives
and policy, but also governing officials of the
state and federal government. Conflicting or uncoordinated
health initiatives may lead to patient and public
mistrust as well as financial complications with both the
government and health organizations.
Summary
Health informatics and Nursing Informatics are very relevant in
evolving health systems. New technology and
initiatives are constantly being developed. These new

innovations do not go without implications in the clinical
setting, managerial setting, and the policy setting. It is cruci al
that all participants whether it is the nurse,
manager, provider, politician, lobbyist, or President of the
United States remain coordinated. Multidisciplinary
unity is crucial to ensure public trust in our health systems and
to provide safe and effective patient care.
References
Adair, T. (2012). Building the evidence base for health policy:
guidelines for understanding and utilizing basic
health information. Pacific Health Dialog, 18(1), 53-62
American Nurses Association. (2001). Scope and Standards of
Nursing Informatics Practice. Washington, DC:
American Nurses Publishing.
Biddle, S. & Milstead, J. (2016). Nursing informatics. The
intersection of policy and informatics. Nursing
Management, 47(2), 12-13 2p.
doi:10.1097/01.NUMA.0000479453.73651.89
Lehmann, C. U., Shorte, V. & Gundlapalli, A. V. (2013).
Clinical informatics sub-specialty board certification.
Pediatrics In Review, 34(11), 525-530. doi:10.1542/pir.34-11-

525
Marquis, B. L. & Huston, C. J. (2012). Leadership roles and
management functions in nursing: Theory and
application (7th ed.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer
Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
McGowan, J. J., Cusack, C. M. & Bloomrosen, M. (2012). The
future of health IT innovation and informatics: a
report from AMIA's 2010 policy meeting. Journal Of The
American Medical Informatics Association: JAMIA,
19(3), 460-467. doi:10.1136/amiajnl-2011-000522
Norris, B. J., Hinrichs, D. J., & Brown, D. A. (2015).
Meaningful Use Clinical Quality Measures and Beyond:
Meeting the Challenges of eMeasurement. Nursing Informatics
Today, 30(1), 8-12 5p
4fa1-809d-

Pacheco de Souza, R., Santiago, L. C., & Izu, M. (2015). Use of
an electronic information system in
professional practice nurse management. Journal Of Nursing
UFPE / Revista De Enfermagem UFPE, 9(4),
7281-7288 8p. doi:10.5205/reuol.7275-62744-1-SM.0904201513
Saba, V. K. & McCormick, K. A. (2015). Essentials of nursing
informatics (6th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Simpao, A., Ahumada, L. & Gálvez, J., & Rehman, M. (2014).
A Review of Analytics and Clinical Informatics in
Health Care. Journal Of Medical Systems, 38(4), 1-7 7p.
doi:10.1007/s10916-014-0045-x
~~~~~~~~
By Julianne Sweeney, BSN, RN
My name is Julianne Sweeney and I am a baccalaureate
prepared registered nurse who is currently enrolled in
the MSN program at Regis College: Masters of Nursing
Leadership and Informatics, located in Weston
Massachusetts. I currently work in the RN capacity at the
Department of Veteran Affairs in Jamaica Plain,

Massachusetts. At the VA I work in the primary care department
and am involved in a number of committees
and organizations that have a main focus on nursing and
healthcare informatics. 15 Virgil Rd. West Roxbury,
MA 02132 Phone: 508-397-5454 [email protected]
This article is copyrighted. All rights reserved.
Source: Online Journal of Nursing Informatics
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Main Posting 45 (45%) - 50
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Answers all
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discussion
question(s)
expectations
with re�ective
critical analysis
and synthesis
of knowledge
gained from

the course
readings for the
module and
current credible
sources.
Supported by
at least three
current,
credible
sources.
Written clearly
and concisely
with no
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spelling errors
and fully
adheres to
current APA
manual writing
rules and style.
40 (40%) - 44
(44%)

Responds to
the discussion
question(s) and
is re�ective
with critical
analysis and
synthesis of
knowledge
gained from
the course
readings for the
module.
At least 75% of
post has
exceptional
depth and
breadth.
Supported by
at least three
credible
sources.

Written clearly
and concisely
with one or no
grammatical or
spelling errors
and fully
adheres to
current APA
manual writing
rules and style.
35 (35%) - 39
(39%)
Responds to
some of the
discussion
question(s).
One or two
criteria are not
addressed or
are super�cially
addressed.

Is somewhat
lacking
re�ection and
critical analysis
and synthesis.
Somewhat
represents
knowledge
gained from the
course readings
for the module.
Post is cited
with two
credible
sources.
Written
somewhat
concisely; may
contain more
than two
spelling or
grammatical

errors.
Contains some
APA formatting
errors.
0 (0%) - 34 (34%)
Does not
respond to the
discussion
question(s)
adequately.
Lacks depth or
super�cially
addresses
criteria.
Lacks re�ection
and critical
analysis and
synthesis.
Does not
represent

knowledge
gained from the
course readings
for the module.
Contains only
one or no
credible
sources.
Not written
clearly or
concisely.
Contains more
than two
spelling or
grammatical
errors.
Does not
adhere to
current APA
manual writing
rules and style.

Main Post:
Timeliness
10 (10%) - 10
(10%)
Posts main post
by day 3.
0 (0%) - 0 (0%) 0 (0%) - 0 (0%) 0 (0%) - 0 (0%)
Does not post
by day 3.
d=_2258820_1 3/5
First

Response
17 (17%) - 18
(18%)
Response
exhibits
synthesis,
critical thinking,
and application
to practice
settings.
Responds fully
to questions
posed by
faculty.
Provides clear,
concise
opinions and
ideas that are
supported by at
least two
scholarly

sources.
Demonstrates
synthesis and
understanding
of learning
objectives.
Communication
is professional
and respectful
to colleagues.
Responses to
faculty
questions are
fully answered,
if posed.
Response is
e�ectively
written in
standard,
edited English.

15 (15%) - 16
(16%)
Response
exhibits critical
thinking and
application to
practice
settings.
Communication
is professional
and respectful
to colleagues.
Responses to
faculty
questions are
answered, if
posed.
Provides clear,
concise
opinions and
ideas that are

supported by
two or more
credible
sources.
Response is
e�ectively
written in
standard,
edited English.
13 (13%) - 14
(14%)
Response is on
topic and may
have some
depth.
Responses
posted in the
discussion may
lack e�ective
professional
communication.

Responses to
faculty
questions are
somewhat
answered, if
posed.
Response may
lack clear,
concise
opinions and
ideas, and a few
or no credible
sources are
cited.
0 (0%) - 12 (12%)
Response may
not be on topic
and lacks
depth.
Responses
posted in the

discussion lack
e�ective
professional
communication.
Responses to
faculty
questions are
missing.
No credible
sources are
cited.
d=_2258820_1 4/5
Second

Response
16 (16%) - 17
(17%)
Response
exhibits
synthesis,
critical thinking,
and application
to practice
settings.
Responds fully
to questions
posed by
faculty.
Provides clear,
concise
opinions and
ideas that are
supported by at
least two
scholarly

14 (14%) - 15
(15%)
Response
exhibits critical
thinking and
application to
practice
settings.
Communication
is professional
and respectful
to colleagues.
Responses to
faculty
questions are
answered, if
posed.
Provides clear,
concise
opinions and
ideas that are

supported by
two or more
credible
sources.
Response is
e�ectively
written in
standard,
edited English.
12 (12%) - 13
(13%)
Response is on
topic and may
have some
depth.
Responses
posted in the
discussion may
lack e�ective
professional
communication.

Responses to
faculty
questions are
somewhat
answered, if
posed.
Response may
lack clear,
concise
opinions and
ideas, and a few
or no credible
sources are
cited.
0 (0%) - 11 (11%)
Response may
not be on topic
and lacks
depth.
Responses
posted in the

discussion lack
e�ective
professional
communication.
Responses to
faculty
questions are
missing.
No credible
sources are
cited.
d=_2258820_1 5/5
Participation 5 (5%) - 5 (5%)

Meets
requirements
for
participation by
posting on
three di�erent
days.
0 (0%) - 0 (0%) 0 (0%) - 0 (0%) 0 (0%) - 0 (0%)
Does not meet
requirements
for participation
by posting on 3
di�erent days.
Total Points: 100
Name: NURS_5051_Module01_Week01_Discussion_Rubric
EXIT
**THIS DISCUSSION IS DIVIDE IN TWO PARTS –
1. MAIN DISCUSSION POST BY TUESDAY 03/02/2021

BEFORE 8:00 PM EST
2. TWO REPLIES BY FRIDAY 03/05/2021 BEFORE 8:00 PM
EST
Discussion: The Application of Data to Problem-Solving
In the modern era, there are few professions that do not to some
extent rely on data. Stockbrokers rely on market data to advise
clients on financial matters. Meteorologists rely on weather data
to forecast weather conditions, while realtors rely on data to
advise on the purchase and sale of property. In these and other
cases, data not only helps solve problems, but adds to the
practitioner’s and the discipline’s body of knowledge.
Of course, the nursing profession also relies heavily on data.
The field of nursing informatics aims to make sure nurses have
access to the appropriate date to solve healthcare problems,
make decisions in the interest of patients, and add to
knowledge.
In this Discussion, you will consider a scenario that would
benefit from access to data and how such access could facilitate
both problem-solving and knowledge formation.
To Prepare:
· Reflect on the concepts of informatics and knowledge work as
presented in the Resources.

1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?reload=9&v=fLUygA8Hpfo
2. See attached articles -
· Consider a hypothetical scenario based on your own healthcare
practice or organization that would require or benefit from the
access/collection and application of data.
Your scenario may involve a patient, staff, or management
problem or gap. – I work in a psychiatric unit.
Instructions:
1. Post a description of the focus of your scenario.
2. Describe the data that could be used and how the data might
be collected and accessed.
3. What knowledge might be derived from that data?
4. How would a nurse leader use clinical reasoning and
judgment in the formation of knowledge from this experience?
** USE AT LEAST 3 REFERENCES**
**THIS DISCUSSION IS DIVIDE IN TWO PARTS
–
1.

MAIN DISCUSSION POST BY TUESDAY 03/02/2021
BEFORE
8:00 PM EST
2.
TWO REPLIES BY FRIDAY 03/05/2021 BEFORE 8:00 PM
EST
Discussion: The Application of Data to
Problem
-
Solving
extent rely on data.
Stockbrokers rely on market data to advise clients on financial
matters. Meteorologists
rely on weather data to forecast weather conditions, while
realtors rely on data t
o advise
on the purchase and sale of property. In these and other cases,

data not only helps
solve problems, but adds to the practitioner’s and the
discipline’s body of knowledge.
The field of
nursing
informatics aims to make sure nurses have access to the
appropriate date to solve
healthcare problems, make decisions in the interest of patients,
and add to knowledge.
benefit from access
to data
and how such access could facilitate both problem
-
solving and knowledge formation.
To Prepare:
·

Reflect on the concepts of informatics and knowledge work as
presented in the
Resources.
1.
https://www.you
tube.com/watch?reload=9&v=fLUygA8Hpfo
2.
See attached articles
-
·
Consider a hypothetical scenario based on your own healthcare
p
ractice or
organization that would require or benefit from the
access/collection and
application of data.

problem or gap.
–
I
work in a
psychiatric
unit
.
Instructions:
1.
Post
a description of the focus of your scenario.
2.
Describ
e the data that could be used and how the data might be
collected and

accessed.
3.
What knowledge might be derived from that data?
4.
How would a nurse leader use clinical reasoning and judgment
in the formation
of knowledge from this experience?
**THIS DISCUSSION IS DIVIDE IN TWO PARTS –
1. MAIN DISCUSSION POST BY TUESDAY 03/02/2021
BEFORE
8:00 PM EST
2. TWO REPLIES BY FRIDAY 03/05/2021 BEFORE 8:00 PM
EST
Discussion: The Application of Data to

Problem-Solving
extent rely on data.
Stockbrokers rely on market data to advise clients on financial
matters. Meteorologists
rely on weather data to forecast weather conditions, while
realtors rely on data to advise
on the purchase and sale of property. In these and other cases,
data not only helps
solve problems, but adds to the practitioner’s and the
discipline’s body of knowledge.
The field of nursing
informatics aims to make sure nurses have access to the
appropriate date to solve
healthcare problems, make decisions in the interest of patients,
and add to knowledge.
benefit from access to data
and how such access could facilitate both problem-solving and
knowledge formation.
To Prepare:
ge work
as presented in the

Resources.
1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?reload=9&v=fLUygA8Hpfo
2. See attached articles -
healthcare practice or
organization that would require or benefit from the
access/collection and
application of data.
problem or gap. – I
work in a psychiatric unit.
Instructions:
1. Post a description of the focus of your scenario.
2. Describe the data that could be used and how the data might
be collected and
accessed.
3. What knowledge might be derived from that data?
4. How would a nurse leader use clinical reasoning and
judgment in the formation
of knowledge from this experience?

DEADLINE FRIDAY 352021 BY 0800 PM ESTINSTRUCTIONS Res

DEADLINE FRIDAY 352021 BY 0800 PM ESTINSTRUCTIONS Res

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