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Distance Matters: An Exploratory Analysis of the
Linguistic Features of Flickr Photo Tag Metadata
     in Relation to Impression Management




          Syed Ishtiaque Ahmed & Shion Guha
           Department of Information Science,
             Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
Data From The Society: Social Data

  Social Influence
  Social Contagions
  Group Formations
  Collaboration Patterns
  Self-Expressions
  Impression Management
  etc.
Socializing Databases
SELECT persons FROM societyWHERE persons
are “emotional”
SELECT emotions FROM society WHERE
communities are “vulnerable to emotional
cascades”
                   Is
              Social Data
            hiding behind the
        Data from the Society?
An image hosting and video hosting
 website, web services suite, and
online community
 that was created by Ludicorp in 2004 and acquired by
Yahoo!
 in 2005. [Wikipedia, May 19, 2011]
Yahoo reported in June 2011 that Flickr had a total of 51 million registered me
Tags
Why Do People Tag Photos ?



Helping Search
Categorization
Self Identity
and ...
Impression Management

Goal-directed conscious or
unconscious process in which people
attempt to influence the perceptions
of other people about a person,
object or event.
They do so by regulating and
controlling information in social
interactions.
Dramaturgy Theory By Erving Goffman



Dramaturgy is a sociological
perspective starting from
symbolic interactionism, and
commonly used in microsociological
accounts of social interaction in
everyday life.
 Human actions are dependent upon
time, place, and audience.
The goal of this presentation of self
is acceptance from the audience
through carefully conducted
performance.
FrontStage Vs BackStage
Front Stage
Back Stage
Smart
Gorgeous
Fun Loving
Wise
Knowledgeable
Funny
Philanthropic
etc.
Invisible Audience: Who?

 We analyzed Flickr
 Tags to investigate
 this.
 We used LIWC
 (Linguistic Inquiry and Word
      to analyze the
 Counts)

 linguistic features of
 these tags
Informational Words
 The words which
 contains information or
 facts. Emotional tags of a
 photo contain the facts
 about the contents of
 the photo.
 Example: Eiffel Tower,
 Grand Canyon, Taz
 Mahal, 500 feet, etc.
Emotional Words
The words, which
contain emotions
Example: Happy,
Enjoy, Sad, Boring,
Disgusting, Hate,
Love, WoW, etc.
Relative Feature
This is LIWC class
of words that
contains all words
expressing space,
time, etc.
Example: Day, Place,
Year, Faster, Slower,
etc.
Affect Feature

LIWC class of words
which contain
emotion.
Example: Joy, Sad,
Love, Hate, etc.
Emotion and Distance


Is physical distance
has any effect on
psychological
distance ?
Tagging An “away” Photo
             User’s Home Location: San
             Diego, CA, USA.
             Photo taken at: Paris, France
             Distance: 5698 miles
             Tags: “Paris”, “France”,
             “Europe”, “TourEiffel”, “Eiffel
             Tower”, ‘Travel 2009”.
Tagging a “Local” Photo


User’s Home Place: Paris, France
Photo taken at: Paris, France
Tags: “night”, “city”, “lights”, “at”,
“winter”, “event”, “street”, “trade”,
“leisure”, “iPhone”, “Eiffel”,
“entertainment”, “iphonography”,
etc.
Hypothesis 1
Distance will be negatively correlated with the
amount of “affect” contained in the photo tags.
Example: People are less expected to say
“bored”, “happy”, etc. when they are on a travel
to a place far away from their place.
People generally post more information when
they are traveling away from their place.
Hypothesis 2
Distance will be negatively correlated with the
amount of “affect” contained in the photo tags.
Example: People are less expected to say “day”,
“night”, “car”, etc. when they are on a travel to a
place far away from their place.
Did you notice people almost always upload the
photo of their cars, when the cars are around
their place?
Hypothesis 3

Distance will be positively correlated
with the interaction effect between
tags and relativity contained in photo
tags.
Example: People talk about “A
Beautiful House”, “A Horrible
Restaurant”, when they are far away
from their place.
Research Model
Photo Distance
Experiment
48 thousand
geotagged Flickr
photos
Taken in 2011
2 thousand photos
per month
What We Got
distance = 3718.7147 - 18.3245 * affect - 8.4009 *
relativity + 0.8276 * affect * relative + e


p < 0.01
Discussion
Most of the time, the invisible audience is
consisted of the people living around the user.
When they share something around them, they
share less information and more emotion.
When they share a photo taken far away from
their places, they try to introduce their audience
to the new things they see.
Social Recommendations
 Get Information
 from someone who
 lives far away from
 the place.
 Get quality, emotion,
 etc. from someone
 who lives around
 that place.
Influence
How do influential
people manage their
impression in the
society?
How does leadership
grow?
Predict Social Contagions


 How do the
 revolutions form?
 How does a new
 fashion spread out?
Thank You !

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DbSocial2012

  • 1. Distance Matters: An Exploratory Analysis of the Linguistic Features of Flickr Photo Tag Metadata in Relation to Impression Management Syed Ishtiaque Ahmed & Shion Guha Department of Information Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
  • 2. Data From The Society: Social Data Social Influence Social Contagions Group Formations Collaboration Patterns Self-Expressions Impression Management etc.
  • 3. Socializing Databases SELECT persons FROM societyWHERE persons are “emotional” SELECT emotions FROM society WHERE communities are “vulnerable to emotional cascades” Is Social Data hiding behind the Data from the Society?
  • 4. An image hosting and video hosting website, web services suite, and online community that was created by Ludicorp in 2004 and acquired by Yahoo! in 2005. [Wikipedia, May 19, 2011] Yahoo reported in June 2011 that Flickr had a total of 51 million registered me
  • 6. Why Do People Tag Photos ? Helping Search Categorization Self Identity and ...
  • 7. Impression Management Goal-directed conscious or unconscious process in which people attempt to influence the perceptions of other people about a person, object or event. They do so by regulating and controlling information in social interactions.
  • 8. Dramaturgy Theory By Erving Goffman Dramaturgy is a sociological perspective starting from symbolic interactionism, and commonly used in microsociological accounts of social interaction in everyday life. Human actions are dependent upon time, place, and audience. The goal of this presentation of self is acceptance from the audience through carefully conducted performance.
  • 12. Invisible Audience: Who? We analyzed Flickr Tags to investigate this. We used LIWC (Linguistic Inquiry and Word to analyze the Counts) linguistic features of these tags
  • 13. Informational Words The words which contains information or facts. Emotional tags of a photo contain the facts about the contents of the photo. Example: Eiffel Tower, Grand Canyon, Taz Mahal, 500 feet, etc.
  • 14. Emotional Words The words, which contain emotions Example: Happy, Enjoy, Sad, Boring, Disgusting, Hate, Love, WoW, etc.
  • 15. Relative Feature This is LIWC class of words that contains all words expressing space, time, etc. Example: Day, Place, Year, Faster, Slower, etc.
  • 16. Affect Feature LIWC class of words which contain emotion. Example: Joy, Sad, Love, Hate, etc.
  • 17. Emotion and Distance Is physical distance has any effect on psychological distance ?
  • 18. Tagging An “away” Photo User’s Home Location: San Diego, CA, USA. Photo taken at: Paris, France Distance: 5698 miles Tags: “Paris”, “France”, “Europe”, “TourEiffel”, “Eiffel Tower”, ‘Travel 2009”.
  • 19. Tagging a “Local” Photo User’s Home Place: Paris, France Photo taken at: Paris, France Tags: “night”, “city”, “lights”, “at”, “winter”, “event”, “street”, “trade”, “leisure”, “iPhone”, “Eiffel”, “entertainment”, “iphonography”, etc.
  • 20. Hypothesis 1 Distance will be negatively correlated with the amount of “affect” contained in the photo tags. Example: People are less expected to say “bored”, “happy”, etc. when they are on a travel to a place far away from their place. People generally post more information when they are traveling away from their place.
  • 21. Hypothesis 2 Distance will be negatively correlated with the amount of “affect” contained in the photo tags. Example: People are less expected to say “day”, “night”, “car”, etc. when they are on a travel to a place far away from their place. Did you notice people almost always upload the photo of their cars, when the cars are around their place?
  • 22. Hypothesis 3 Distance will be positively correlated with the interaction effect between tags and relativity contained in photo tags. Example: People talk about “A Beautiful House”, “A Horrible Restaurant”, when they are far away from their place.
  • 25. Experiment 48 thousand geotagged Flickr photos Taken in 2011 2 thousand photos per month
  • 26. What We Got distance = 3718.7147 - 18.3245 * affect - 8.4009 * relativity + 0.8276 * affect * relative + e p < 0.01
  • 27. Discussion Most of the time, the invisible audience is consisted of the people living around the user. When they share something around them, they share less information and more emotion. When they share a photo taken far away from their places, they try to introduce their audience to the new things they see.
  • 28. Social Recommendations Get Information from someone who lives far away from the place. Get quality, emotion, etc. from someone who lives around that place.
  • 29. Influence How do influential people manage their impression in the society? How does leadership grow?
  • 30. Predict Social Contagions How do the revolutions form? How does a new fashion spread out?