This document introduces database management systems (DBMS). It explains that a DBMS allows for the centralized management of interrelated data through a set of programs. It provides examples of common database applications in fields like banking, education, manufacturing, and more. The document then contrasts file-based systems with DBMS, noting limitations of file-based systems like data duplication, inconsistencies, and inability to perform complex queries. Key advantages of DBMS are also outlined, including reduced data redundancy, improved data integrity and security, and support for simultaneous access and transactions.

1. Introduction to DBMS
DR. REENA CHANDRA

2. Data Base Management System
 Collection of interrelated data
 Set of programs to access the data
 DBMS contains information about a particular enterprise
 DBMS provides an environment that is both convenient and efficient to use.
 Database Applications:
 Banking: all transactions
 Airlines: reservations, schedules
 Universities: registration, grades
 Sales: customers, products, purchases
 Manufacturing: production, inventory, orders, supply chain
 Human resources: employee records, salaries, tax deductions
 Databases touch all aspects of our lives

3. What is a
Database
 A Database is an organised, persistent
collection of data of an organisation.

4. Earlier
Systems
File Based
Systems
 File based systems were an early attempt to
computerise the manual filling system.
 The manual filling system works well when the
number of items to be stored is small.
 A manual system crashes when cross –
referencing and processing of information in
the files is carried out.

5. Earlier Systems
File Based Systems
 Consider a university having different courses with different number of students
enrolled in the university courses. Corresponding to each course there are different
faculty members.
 Which files will the university have to maintain??
Now answer the following queries:-
 Annual fees paid by students of Computer Science Department
 No. of students requiring transport facility from a particular area.
 This year’s turnover of students compared to last year
Are you able to get all answers…………

6. ORGANIZING DATA IN A TRADITIONAL FILE
ENVIRONMENT
File Organization Terms and Concepts
• Bit: Smallest unit of data; binary digit (0,1)
• Byte: Group of bits that represents a single character
• Field: Group of words or a complete number
• Record: Group of related fields
• File: Group of records of same type

7. The Data Hierarchy
Figure 1

8. Limitations of File based systems
Separation and
isolation of data
Duplication of
data
Inconsistent
data
Data
dependence
Incompatible
File Formats
Fixed Queries

9. Why use database
 Data is a valuable corporate resource which needs adequate accuracy,
consistency and security controls.
 The centralised control of data means that for many applications the data
will already exist , and facilitate quicker development.
 Data will no longer be related by application programs , but by the
structure defined in the database.
 Easier to maintain systems.

10. Advantages of
Database
Systems
 Reduction of Redundancies
 Shared data
 Data Independence
 Improved Integrity
 Efficient data access
 Improved Security
 Improved Backup and
Recovery
 Support for Concurrent
Transactions

11. Database
Management
System (DBMS)
Software for creating and
maintaining databases
Permits firms to rationally manage
data for the entire firm
Acts as interface between
application programs and physical
data files
Separates logical and design views
of data
Solves many problems of the
traditional data file approach

12. The Contemporary Database
Environment
Figure 7-4

13. Any Queries??

14. THANK YOU