The document discusses issues and technologies related to gender mainstreaming in agricultural systems. It addresses cross-cutting technologies for livestock-crop systems, water management, and seed systems. It also discusses innovation platforms and women's involvement in decision-making. Feedback provided recommends each flagship select one technology from livestock, water, or seeds that aligns with regional priorities and scientist engagement, and build multi-disciplinary teams to conduct integrated ex ante analysis to mainstream gender throughout the research cycle.
GREG TRAXLER is an Economist and Senior Lecturer in Public Policy at the University of Washington and former Senior Program Officer at the Melinda and Bill Gates Foundation. His research background includes studies of the impact of agriculture technologies and agriculture policies. Greg has been at CIAT for the past month interacting with the Impact, M&E teams and with other researchers.
Greg will lead an open discussion on Monitoring and Evaluation and Impact at CIAT based on his observations over the past month. He is inviting all interested staff to hear his observations and discuss ideas for tweaking CIAT M&E to enhance capacity of CIAT to report on its progress and successes.
"Partnering for Impact: IFPRI-European Research Collaboration for Improved Food and Nutrition Security" presentation by Karen Brooks, Director, CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions and Markets, on 25 November 2013 in Brussels, Belgium.
FEAST and TechFit: Rapid livestock feed assessment tools for supporting inter...ILRI
Poster prepared by Ben Lukuyu (ILRI) and Alan Duncan (ILRI) for the Agrifood chain toolkit conference: Livestock and fish value chains in East Africa, Kampala, 9-11 September 2013.
GREG TRAXLER is an Economist and Senior Lecturer in Public Policy at the University of Washington and former Senior Program Officer at the Melinda and Bill Gates Foundation. His research background includes studies of the impact of agriculture technologies and agriculture policies. Greg has been at CIAT for the past month interacting with the Impact, M&E teams and with other researchers.
Greg will lead an open discussion on Monitoring and Evaluation and Impact at CIAT based on his observations over the past month. He is inviting all interested staff to hear his observations and discuss ideas for tweaking CIAT M&E to enhance capacity of CIAT to report on its progress and successes.
"Partnering for Impact: IFPRI-European Research Collaboration for Improved Food and Nutrition Security" presentation by Karen Brooks, Director, CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions and Markets, on 25 November 2013 in Brussels, Belgium.
FEAST and TechFit: Rapid livestock feed assessment tools for supporting inter...ILRI
Poster prepared by Ben Lukuyu (ILRI) and Alan Duncan (ILRI) for the Agrifood chain toolkit conference: Livestock and fish value chains in East Africa, Kampala, 9-11 September 2013.
Participatory agricultural research in CGIAR: Challenges and opportunities ILRI
Presented by Beth Cullen and Katherine Snyder at the Expert meeting on participatory agricultural research: Approaches, design and evaluation, Oxford, 9-13 December 2013
Karen Macours
Policy Seminar
Managing natural resources for sustainable production systems: A research agenda at the crossroads
Co-organized by CGIAR Independent Science and Partnership Council (ISPC); IFPRI; and CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions and Markets
Feb 28, 2018 - 12:15 pm to 01:45 pm EST
First annual scientific conference - overviewIFPRI-PIM
This presentation was given by Rhiannon Pyburn (KIT), as part of the Annual Scientific Conference hosted by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research. The event took place on 5-6 December 2017 in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, where the Platform is hosted (by KIT Royal Tropical Institute).
Read more: http://gender.cgiar.org/gender_events/annual-scientific-conference-capacity-development-workshop-cgiar-collaborative-platform-gender-research/
First annual scientific conference - overviewCGIAR
This presentation was given by Rhiannon Pyburn (KIT), as part of the Annual Scientific Conference hosted by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research. The event took place on 5-6 December 2017 in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, where the Platform is hosted (by KIT Royal Tropical Institute).
Read more: http://gender.cgiar.org/gender_events/annual-scientific-conference-capacity-development-workshop-cgiar-collaborative-platform-gender-research/
Participatory agricultural research in CGIAR: Challenges and opportunities ILRI
Presented by Beth Cullen and Katherine Snyder at the Expert meeting on participatory agricultural research: Approaches, design and evaluation, Oxford, 9-13 December 2013
Karen Macours
Policy Seminar
Managing natural resources for sustainable production systems: A research agenda at the crossroads
Co-organized by CGIAR Independent Science and Partnership Council (ISPC); IFPRI; and CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions and Markets
Feb 28, 2018 - 12:15 pm to 01:45 pm EST
First annual scientific conference - overviewIFPRI-PIM
This presentation was given by Rhiannon Pyburn (KIT), as part of the Annual Scientific Conference hosted by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research. The event took place on 5-6 December 2017 in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, where the Platform is hosted (by KIT Royal Tropical Institute).
Read more: http://gender.cgiar.org/gender_events/annual-scientific-conference-capacity-development-workshop-cgiar-collaborative-platform-gender-research/
First annual scientific conference - overviewCGIAR
This presentation was given by Rhiannon Pyburn (KIT), as part of the Annual Scientific Conference hosted by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research. The event took place on 5-6 December 2017 in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, where the Platform is hosted (by KIT Royal Tropical Institute).
Read more: http://gender.cgiar.org/gender_events/annual-scientific-conference-capacity-development-workshop-cgiar-collaborative-platform-gender-research/
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
2. Issues Addressed
• Cross-cutting technologies for gender
mainstreaming
– Livestock-crop systems
– Water Management in agricultural system
– Seed systems
– Innovation Platform (strategic research? Women’s
involvement in decision-making)
• Keep in mind scientists’ technologies are in
the center
3. Issues Left• Write up of integrative research 3-year plan
• Identify and write up of strategic research 3-year plan
(budget later)
• Norms and agency study?
• IP and gender, link to IDO 4?
• Extension services
• M and E
• Communication
• Working together
• Science Workshop
• Capacity building needs
• Women’s Scholarship (I will distribute later)
• Boundary organizations (Jennie covered in her
presentation)
• Other issues in parking lot: e.g., how to engage biophysical
scientists
4. Jennie’s Feedback
• Livestock, water and seeds are very good technologies for
gender research. Also there's quite a bit of existing research
to build on.
• Each Flagship select 1 technology for its Region, based on
priorities in the Flagship/action sites, and the openness of the
relevant biophysical scientists to engage in gender research.
• They could also take account of past and on-going work on
gender/socio-economics on which they could draw to
contribute to a multidisciplinary team developing this
integrated (systems) ex ante diagnostic analysis and thus
mainstreaming gender throughout the research cycle.