1) The document examines the role of internships in facilitating the transition from higher education to employment. It reviews studies showing internships help graduates gain employment more quickly by providing work experience.
2) Internships help bridge the gap between education and industry by giving students opportunities to apply their knowledge while gaining career-relevant skills. Students with internship experience tend to be more confident and settle into their careers faster.
3) The paper concludes internships play a vital role in transforming students into employees by demystifying the workplace and allowing students to build professional networks. Strong collaboration between education and industry is important for providing students meaningful learning experiences.
Monitoring and Evaluation of Shuro Meda TVET Institute entire work, in the particular work of B+1 automotive building project of World Vision Ethiopia and Government proposal on expansion work in the institute.
Abstract
Technical and vocational Education and Training TVET has important role in imparting skills training for employment, self employment and enterprises. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the Practice of Income Generating Activities (IGAs) in selected government run five Technical and Vocational Education and Training Colleges in Addis Ababa city administration exploring the existing and emerging challenges in the areas of self-generated financial sustainability and utilization of this generated income. In view of this, the basic questions of the study are formulated and descriptive survey method will be employed to assess the current condition and overall performance of IGAs. The study will be undertaken in Addis Ababa TVET Colleges involving a non-random sampling technique preferred to be appropriate and to serve the desired ends in the study. The sample population will include department heads, deans of the colleges and Addis Ababa TVET Agency officers. The data collecting instrument will include questioner which consist of little open ended questioner ended and more on close-ended question, structured interview questions document analysis and observation; the data will be analyzed and using descriptive statistical method.
The research proposal hold tentative work plan that will be changed after identifying constraint, budget requirement to run this study also well prepared, it hold time schedule to carry out the entire parts of the study. Last but not least the researcher will make use of descriptive analysis and the methodology combines qualitative methods using document review, services and production observation and structured interview.
The study aimed to evaluate the “Human resource management for vocational schools at Bac Ninh province, Viet Nam: A model of faculty development program”. It concentrated on evaluating the existing Human resource management for vocational schools of the province, determining demographic profile of the respondents, profile of vocational schools. In order to come up with this analysis, a survey covering 50 specific vocational schools is implemented aiming to assess current status of the development of contingent of teachers and the factors affecting the development of teaching staff for vocational schools in Bac Ninh province such as Human resource planning; Recruitment and selection; Training and development Retention and maintenance; Promotion; Labor relations; and Transfer and retirement. Thereby, identifing the limitations in Human resource management of vocational schools. Based from all the findings of this study, the following conclusions were derived: The human resource management of vocational schools on Bac Ninh province still limited. Human resources in sufficient quantity, but the structure is not reasonable, lack of highly qualified and experienced faculty. Support policies are not sufficient to motivate faculty and attract highly qualified human resources. From the cited summary of findings and conclusions, the following are hereby recommended: Re-examining all the plans and programs for the Quality of Human Resource so that necessary updating and modification can be done; Strongly focusing on recruitment process and policies of training and retraining human resources, Specific strategies for implementing these plans must also be considered. Conducting regular evaluation of all the programs must be implemented.
Monitoring and Evaluation of Shuro Meda TVET Institute entire work, in the particular work of B+1 automotive building project of World Vision Ethiopia and Government proposal on expansion work in the institute.
Abstract
Technical and vocational Education and Training TVET has important role in imparting skills training for employment, self employment and enterprises. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the Practice of Income Generating Activities (IGAs) in selected government run five Technical and Vocational Education and Training Colleges in Addis Ababa city administration exploring the existing and emerging challenges in the areas of self-generated financial sustainability and utilization of this generated income. In view of this, the basic questions of the study are formulated and descriptive survey method will be employed to assess the current condition and overall performance of IGAs. The study will be undertaken in Addis Ababa TVET Colleges involving a non-random sampling technique preferred to be appropriate and to serve the desired ends in the study. The sample population will include department heads, deans of the colleges and Addis Ababa TVET Agency officers. The data collecting instrument will include questioner which consist of little open ended questioner ended and more on close-ended question, structured interview questions document analysis and observation; the data will be analyzed and using descriptive statistical method.
The research proposal hold tentative work plan that will be changed after identifying constraint, budget requirement to run this study also well prepared, it hold time schedule to carry out the entire parts of the study. Last but not least the researcher will make use of descriptive analysis and the methodology combines qualitative methods using document review, services and production observation and structured interview.
The study aimed to evaluate the “Human resource management for vocational schools at Bac Ninh province, Viet Nam: A model of faculty development program”. It concentrated on evaluating the existing Human resource management for vocational schools of the province, determining demographic profile of the respondents, profile of vocational schools. In order to come up with this analysis, a survey covering 50 specific vocational schools is implemented aiming to assess current status of the development of contingent of teachers and the factors affecting the development of teaching staff for vocational schools in Bac Ninh province such as Human resource planning; Recruitment and selection; Training and development Retention and maintenance; Promotion; Labor relations; and Transfer and retirement. Thereby, identifing the limitations in Human resource management of vocational schools. Based from all the findings of this study, the following conclusions were derived: The human resource management of vocational schools on Bac Ninh province still limited. Human resources in sufficient quantity, but the structure is not reasonable, lack of highly qualified and experienced faculty. Support policies are not sufficient to motivate faculty and attract highly qualified human resources. From the cited summary of findings and conclusions, the following are hereby recommended: Re-examining all the plans and programs for the Quality of Human Resource so that necessary updating and modification can be done; Strongly focusing on recruitment process and policies of training and retraining human resources, Specific strategies for implementing these plans must also be considered. Conducting regular evaluation of all the programs must be implemented.
Impact of Skill Development Training among School Teachers inventionjournals
Skill development training provided for the educated youths will maximize the merits of education system in India with productivity and employability skills expected by organizations and institutions in a developing country like India. The present study is used to analyze about the impact of skill development training provided to 63 school teachers from secondary and primary schools of Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu. A structured questionnaire was used in this study to explore the results with the help of statistical package for social science (SPSS). From the study it is revealed that the skill development is essential for younger generation to improvise their opportunities in the field of computer science in their career and for their future.
Curriculum development: CHARACTERISTICS OF THE VOCATIONAL AND TECHNICAL CURRI...Tàbian Tabie
Here are the points we discussed about in the class presentation; ORIENTATION, JUSTIFICATION, FOCUS,IN-SCHOOL SUCCESS STANDARDS, OUT- OF - SCHOOL SUCCESS STANDARDS, SCHOOL COMMUNITY RELATIONSHIPS,FEDERAL INVOLVEMENT, RESPONSIVE, LOGISTICS AND EXPENSES.
An Assessment of Knowledge, Skills, and Attitudes of Accountancy Business and...IJAEMSJORNAL
This research study aimed to assess the core competencies acquired by the ABM senior high school students of Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija. This assessment was done during their Work Immersion at ASKI Group of Companies, Inc. Corporate Office located at 105 Maharlika Highway, Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija. The study revealed that majority of the respondents agreed that students were already knowledgeable when it comes to different areas like common terminologies used in a workplace. It also shows that they are already skilled and possessed qualities needed to be competent. However, some respondents mentioned that some students still cannot analyze problem effectively and were not able to demonstrate good judgment in handling routine problems.
Training center aims to provide advanced courses utilizing internationally renowned experts in various professional fields. Currently, most courses held in Kuwait are conducted by local and international trainers with limited expertise due to the high and unjustifiable costs that would occur if more experienced trainers carry out those training programs.
By accommodating the trainer at the centre, and with the provision of adequate-sized training halls, in-house catering, the end-user will pay less for more value. In addition, the training resource center will be a hub for trainers and academics that can develop new programs customized to local needs.
Government of India’s ambitious Skill India program created National Skill development council (NSDC) to create a powerful network of training ecosystem to address employment skills and support gainful entrepreneurship. Despite the best efforts of the government, partners and other agencies involved in the outcomes of Skill India program have fallen short of objectives. The problem of skilling India can’t be solved by increasing expenditure and bringing in more training partners alone. We present here the reasons for the shortfall and approaches to overcome each pain area.
Vocationalization of Secondary Education: The Open Schooling PerspectiveCEMCA
Presentation by Dr. SS. Jena at the National Consultative Workshop on Developing NVEQF Implementation Strategy for Open Schooling, 20-21 June, 2013, Kochi.
The Importance of Training Courses Provided by the Department of Human Resour...inventionjournals
This study provides invaluable insights and information on the significance of training courses and their impact on the development of both government and business organizations. That is, the researcher highlights the relevance of training and development in the ever-changing world of service delivery, be it in private or public institution and particularly its relevance for the situation in the UAE. The study also brings out the problem statement, objectives, vision and the mission. The UAE witnesses an era of technological, social change, and unprecedented development in all spheres of life. To safeguard its sustainable development, appropriate and skilled human resources are essential to ensure the production of high quality and to implement more efficient and effective production processes based on new technologies. Thus, proactive human resources management is highly essential and highly required in the UAE in order to achieve the abovementioned change and to allow organizations in the UAE to meet the challenges today and in future. The study includes good practices in human resources management and training carried out by the various departments of human resources management throughout the world, especially in the developed countries. The study covers a range of issues about training of qualified staff and setting up training programs, to competence mapping and management development. Some of these issues have been presented at a number of seminars and workshops on human resources management and training from 2006 up to date
Key Characteristics of Strong Vocational SystemsEduSkills OECD
Set out over the following slides are a set of key characteristics of strong vocational systems. These characteristics are based on the policy recommendations for vocational education and training advanced in the OECD reports Learning for Jobs (2010) and Skills Beyond School: Synthesis Report (2014).
Advantages of Cooperative Education Programs: 1. Real-World Application of Knowledge 2. Building a Robust Professional Network 3. Enhanced Career Readiness 4. Clarifying Career Goals
Impact of Skill Development Training among School Teachers inventionjournals
Skill development training provided for the educated youths will maximize the merits of education system in India with productivity and employability skills expected by organizations and institutions in a developing country like India. The present study is used to analyze about the impact of skill development training provided to 63 school teachers from secondary and primary schools of Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu. A structured questionnaire was used in this study to explore the results with the help of statistical package for social science (SPSS). From the study it is revealed that the skill development is essential for younger generation to improvise their opportunities in the field of computer science in their career and for their future.
Curriculum development: CHARACTERISTICS OF THE VOCATIONAL AND TECHNICAL CURRI...Tàbian Tabie
Here are the points we discussed about in the class presentation; ORIENTATION, JUSTIFICATION, FOCUS,IN-SCHOOL SUCCESS STANDARDS, OUT- OF - SCHOOL SUCCESS STANDARDS, SCHOOL COMMUNITY RELATIONSHIPS,FEDERAL INVOLVEMENT, RESPONSIVE, LOGISTICS AND EXPENSES.
An Assessment of Knowledge, Skills, and Attitudes of Accountancy Business and...IJAEMSJORNAL
This research study aimed to assess the core competencies acquired by the ABM senior high school students of Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija. This assessment was done during their Work Immersion at ASKI Group of Companies, Inc. Corporate Office located at 105 Maharlika Highway, Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija. The study revealed that majority of the respondents agreed that students were already knowledgeable when it comes to different areas like common terminologies used in a workplace. It also shows that they are already skilled and possessed qualities needed to be competent. However, some respondents mentioned that some students still cannot analyze problem effectively and were not able to demonstrate good judgment in handling routine problems.
Training center aims to provide advanced courses utilizing internationally renowned experts in various professional fields. Currently, most courses held in Kuwait are conducted by local and international trainers with limited expertise due to the high and unjustifiable costs that would occur if more experienced trainers carry out those training programs.
By accommodating the trainer at the centre, and with the provision of adequate-sized training halls, in-house catering, the end-user will pay less for more value. In addition, the training resource center will be a hub for trainers and academics that can develop new programs customized to local needs.
Government of India’s ambitious Skill India program created National Skill development council (NSDC) to create a powerful network of training ecosystem to address employment skills and support gainful entrepreneurship. Despite the best efforts of the government, partners and other agencies involved in the outcomes of Skill India program have fallen short of objectives. The problem of skilling India can’t be solved by increasing expenditure and bringing in more training partners alone. We present here the reasons for the shortfall and approaches to overcome each pain area.
Vocationalization of Secondary Education: The Open Schooling PerspectiveCEMCA
Presentation by Dr. SS. Jena at the National Consultative Workshop on Developing NVEQF Implementation Strategy for Open Schooling, 20-21 June, 2013, Kochi.
The Importance of Training Courses Provided by the Department of Human Resour...inventionjournals
This study provides invaluable insights and information on the significance of training courses and their impact on the development of both government and business organizations. That is, the researcher highlights the relevance of training and development in the ever-changing world of service delivery, be it in private or public institution and particularly its relevance for the situation in the UAE. The study also brings out the problem statement, objectives, vision and the mission. The UAE witnesses an era of technological, social change, and unprecedented development in all spheres of life. To safeguard its sustainable development, appropriate and skilled human resources are essential to ensure the production of high quality and to implement more efficient and effective production processes based on new technologies. Thus, proactive human resources management is highly essential and highly required in the UAE in order to achieve the abovementioned change and to allow organizations in the UAE to meet the challenges today and in future. The study includes good practices in human resources management and training carried out by the various departments of human resources management throughout the world, especially in the developed countries. The study covers a range of issues about training of qualified staff and setting up training programs, to competence mapping and management development. Some of these issues have been presented at a number of seminars and workshops on human resources management and training from 2006 up to date
Key Characteristics of Strong Vocational SystemsEduSkills OECD
Set out over the following slides are a set of key characteristics of strong vocational systems. These characteristics are based on the policy recommendations for vocational education and training advanced in the OECD reports Learning for Jobs (2010) and Skills Beyond School: Synthesis Report (2014).
Advantages of Cooperative Education Programs: 1. Real-World Application of Knowledge 2. Building a Robust Professional Network 3. Enhanced Career Readiness 4. Clarifying Career Goals
This paper empirically investigates the influence of functional clues as a strategy
of customer experience management on
context of higher education in Nigeria. The basic purpose of
examine if the application of marketing strategies can be applied by higher institutions
in order to satisfy their student and turn them to advocate of their brands/service. To
achieve this objective, a total of 215 copies of the question
engineering student of a private university adjudged to be the best in
stage sampling techniques were employed in this study.
Regression CATREG analysis, the study found that functional clues
influence on engineering student
study therefore recommended among other things that the university management
should adopt customer experience management as a strategy to build studen
and also concentrate their efforts on the improvement of functional clues by focusing
more on the development of the competences of their lecturers and implement the
strategy in order to gain repeat patronage of their students
Industrial Attachment challenges: Lessons drawn from Gweru Polytechnic Colleg...inventionjournals
The study sought to establish challenges attachees face during industrial attachment. The examination of this topic was prompted by criticism of polytechnic graduates by employers for being improperly trained. The students on the other hand, lay the blame on industrial training environment. Solutions to the problems shall be used to improve industrial training so as to achieve human capital development. The researcher used open ended questionnaires, focus groups and interviews as data collection methods. Purposive sampling was used to select participants of the study in line with quantitative and qualitative research approaches used in data analysis. The participants were lecturers, students and workplace supervisors in Gweru city. The results of the study were thematically analysed. It emerged from the empirical findings of the study that shortage of attachment places, financial problems, inadequate training, inappropriate areadeployment and issues of student sexual harassment were challenges noted. This study recommended that adequate resources be mobilised towards student attachment and the colleges to have project establishments to help in relieving attachment places. There is also need to develop partnership with industry to easy placement of students, and to deploy attachees under supervision of qualified and experienced mentors. Furthermore, there is need for support from the government, private sector and other stakeholders
Assessment 2 HCS365_ESSAY_Sushma Budhathoki Basnet S281955
Work Integrated Learning in Higher Education
By STUDENT’s Name
STUDENT ID
Integrated Methods of Humanitarian and Community Studies
HCS 365
Course co-ordinator’s NAME
Bachelor of Humanitarian and Community studies
Students are not enough with theoretical knowledge only to bring in workplace smoothly. There is importance of professional environment for students in higher education which provides them required experience and make them capable to perform in working environment using their capacity. Work Integrated Learning (WIL) is an interaction and combination of academic and student’s performance in the field of work for making capable of undergraduate students in their interested area to work (Jackson, 2015). Higher Institutions undertake WIL as a task to make environment for students to achieve practical knowledge in their chosen field via placement practice and other work-related learning (Gates 2014). It has many advantages for students as well as organisation and institutions. The goal of Work Integrated Learning is to observe that the students have integrated both professional as well as theoretical activities at placement practice along with positive success in work related activity. This paper is designed to explain about the benefits and disadvantages of Work Integrated Learning in emergency food relief program via professional placement practice. Moreover, this essay will also discuss about the skills and challenges of students which they face while undertaking professional work and the way how it helps professional improvement in the field of community.
Students have perfect developing skills opportunity due to work integrated learning which is to assimilate practical and theoretical knowledge. Jackson (2015) describes that students are fully with the knowledge required for change into the work environment by merging education into practice. The main purpose of education is to provide knowledge, but it is insufficient for students to elaborate their skill in the workplace (Choy, 2011). Placement practice at Foodbank NT provides chance to the students to see and feel the real world by contacting with different people which leads in achieving different skills such as problems solving skills, leadership skills, making real life decision along with identification of potential problems and therefore it helps in managing diversity and uncertainty at the workplace. Thus, students can learn practical knowledge through field program due to work integrated learning.
Work Integrated Learning provides a great opportunity for students to understand their knowledge gained from University and the way of using it into real placement (Harris, Jones, & Coutts, 2010). It helps to make students to improve their task skills and make students a proficient community professional. Students have responsibility of co-ordinating and managing different activities to provide e ...
A yardstick for testing whether a revelation, prophecy, vision, dream or such other word that you receive personally or from another person, Pastor, Prophet, Teacher etc is of God and from GOD. The yardstick was first given By The Mightiest Prophets of The Lord (The Latter Elijah and Moses)
Compilation of Prophetic messages received in the time leading to the tribulation. Compiled and edited these messages give important instructions to the left behind church on how to survive and how to enter heaven during this great trial period.
A book containing the Words of Our LORD Jesus to the church. It has prophecies regarding the rapture of the church, how to prepare for that great visitation and the tribulation and judgements that will be after the church of Christ is taken away
Another book containing the Words of Our LORD Jesus to the church. It has prophecies regarding the rapture of the church, how to prepare for that great visitation and the tribulation and judgements that will be after the church of Christ is taken away
A MUST READ FOR EVERY CHRISTIAN. A most important book containing the Words of Our LORD Jesus to the church. It has prophecies regarding the rapture of the church, how to prepare for that great visitation and the tribulation and judgements that will be after the church of Christ is taken away. it contains details about the antichrist, his operations and the terror that he will reign on earth. it gives great information on how to escape all the coming terror and how to make it to heaven.
The LORDs instructions on how to survive the coming tribulation era and how to enter Heaven during the greatest distress ever since the creation of the earth.
Preparing for the imminent rapture of the Church before the tribulation begins. Its time to prepare. He comes for a ready church, a ready bride, a refined bride, holy righteous and pure. this e book contains the Words of the Lord to one of His endtime mesanger. PREPARE NOW. The Rapture is imminent and will occur and after it HAVOC under the antichrist.
THE MIGHTY HEALINGS OF THE ENDTIMES
CRIPPLES WALKED, BLIND EYES OPENED, PARALYTIC HEALED, DEAF EARS OPENED, LEPROSY HEALED UNDER THE MIGHTY ANOINTING OF THE HOLY SPIRIT IN THE MEETINGS OF THE LORD PRESIDED BY HIS MIGHTY ENDTIME PROPHET.
Recruiting in the Digital Age: A Social Media MasterclassLuanWise
In this masterclass, presented at the Global HR Summit on 5th June 2024, Luan Wise explored the essential features of social media platforms that support talent acquisition, including LinkedIn, Facebook, Instagram, X (formerly Twitter) and TikTok.
The world of search engine optimization (SEO) is buzzing with discussions after Google confirmed that around 2,500 leaked internal documents related to its Search feature are indeed authentic. The revelation has sparked significant concerns within the SEO community. The leaked documents were initially reported by SEO experts Rand Fishkin and Mike King, igniting widespread analysis and discourse. For More Info:- https://news.arihantwebtech.com/search-disrupted-googles-leaked-documents-rock-the-seo-world/
Putting the SPARK into Virtual Training.pptxCynthia Clay
This 60-minute webinar, sponsored by Adobe, was delivered for the Training Mag Network. It explored the five elements of SPARK: Storytelling, Purpose, Action, Relationships, and Kudos. Knowing how to tell a well-structured story is key to building long-term memory. Stating a clear purpose that doesn't take away from the discovery learning process is critical. Ensuring that people move from theory to practical application is imperative. Creating strong social learning is the key to commitment and engagement. Validating and affirming participants' comments is the way to create a positive learning environment.
An introduction to the cryptocurrency investment platform Binance Savings.Any kyc Account
Learn how to use Binance Savings to expand your bitcoin holdings. Discover how to maximize your earnings on one of the most reliable cryptocurrency exchange platforms, as well as how to earn interest on your cryptocurrency holdings and the various savings choices available.
Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey throu...dylandmeas
Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey through Full Sail University. Below, you’ll find a collection of my work showcasing my skills and expertise in digital marketing, event planning, and media production.
Event Report - SAP Sapphire 2024 Orlando - lots of innovation and old challengesHolger Mueller
Holger Mueller of Constellation Research shares his key takeaways from SAP's Sapphire confernece, held in Orlando, June 3rd till 5th 2024, in the Orange Convention Center.
Understanding User Needs and Satisfying ThemAggregage
https://www.productmanagementtoday.com/frs/26903918/understanding-user-needs-and-satisfying-them
We know we want to create products which our customers find to be valuable. Whether we label it as customer-centric or product-led depends on how long we've been doing product management. There are three challenges we face when doing this. The obvious challenge is figuring out what our users need; the non-obvious challenges are in creating a shared understanding of those needs and in sensing if what we're doing is meeting those needs.
In this webinar, we won't focus on the research methods for discovering user-needs. We will focus on synthesis of the needs we discover, communication and alignment tools, and how we operationalize addressing those needs.
Industry expert Scott Sehlhorst will:
• Introduce a taxonomy for user goals with real world examples
• Present the Onion Diagram, a tool for contextualizing task-level goals
• Illustrate how customer journey maps capture activity-level and task-level goals
• Demonstrate the best approach to selection and prioritization of user-goals to address
• Highlight the crucial benchmarks, observable changes, in ensuring fulfillment of customer needs
3. aid faculty members in their guidance practices. As
relationships with internship sites develop, educators will
benefit from discussions with potential site supervisors
about the types of activities and the general internship
environment that will contribute to student experiences.
Students will benefit from an opportunity to actively seek
internship environments that are most likely to provide
characteristics associated with a satisfactory experience
(Paulins 2008).
Academic driven internships organize and promote the
placement of students in private enterprises and other
organizations to foster the work experience so that
students will attain the necessary skills to supplement
their theoretical training. While students are still at
university or college, internships can help them develop a
core of global marketing skills that are now considered
requirements, such as communication and time
management skills, better self confidence and better self
motivation (Gill and Lashine 2003; Dennis, 1996 as in
Mihail 2006). Internship provides credible means for
softening the reality shock of transitioning from the world
of academics to the working world (Garavan and Murphy
2001; Collin and Tynjalla 2003).
Kenya’s vision 2030, envisions that the country will
have transformed into a middle income country with
newly industrialised status by 2030. Among the enablers
of this vision is manpower development to supply the new
industries will skilled and competent manpower.
By focusing attention on the important aspect of early
career development, this study is important to education
institutions since it places emphasis on business schools
to come up with programmes where students get an
opportunity to practice what they learn. It is also
beneficial to participating organizations as it points out
the benefits that may accrue by offering internship
opportunities to college students. More importantly, it
points out at the mutual benefits that can accrue from
collaboration between higher education and industry.
In Kenya, The National Industrial Training Institute
(NITA) runs a government internship programme
whereby employers who are registered with NITA can
claim reimbursement from the government of any
expenses incurred in providing internship to students
training in government institutions and private institutions
that are NITA registered. This is a deliberate government
incentive to promote internship.
Emerging issues and propositions
Drawing from the existing studies on the role of internship
on early career development of graduates in terms of the
amount of time taken to get an entry level position;
realistic career expectations; time taken to settle in a
chosen career; and self confidence, four propositions can
be made: graduates with internship experience exhibit
relatively higher levels of employability than those with no
internship experience; graduates with internship
Kanyanjua and Kamau 428
experience take relatively shorter time to settle in their
chosen careers than those with no internship experience;
graduates with internship experience demonstrate higher
levels of transference of learning than those lacking such
experience in terms of self confidence and internship
programs play a major role in bridging the gap between
higher education and industry.
CONCLUSION
The review was aimed at establishing the impact of
internship on early career development of graduates. It
can be concluded that internship plays a vital role in the
transformation from college to the workplace. The study
supports the proposition that internship helps in enabling
graduates to acquire entry level positions relatively faster
than their non interning counterparts. This is supported
by the fact that such students have a chance to
showcase their skills and knowledge long before they
graduate. They also get an opportunity to create
professional networks. They therefore tend to have more
social capital than those without the internship
experience.
Related to social capital is the self confidence that
those with internship experience tend to manifest. By
virtue of having experienced the real work, graduates
tend to become more confident during interviews than
their non-interning counterparts. This in turn may ensure
that they take lesser time to get an entry level position.
The internship experience demystifies the real work
situation thus enabling graduates to have more
confidence even as they embark on looking for jobs.
When students get opportunities to work as interns, there
is likelihood that they will be retained as employees by
the participating organization if they perform satisfactorily
during the internship. They may thus not spend time
looking for employment.
On the question of settling in a chosen career, it was
noted that those students with internship experience tend
to settle on their chosen careers faster. Students on
internship experience the challenges of real workplace.
They get a chance of discussing those challenges with
their colleagues. They get to understand how they can
handle those challenges without necessarily having to
run away from them. This helps them to mature as
employees and can also have a bearing on turnover
intention. Internship therefore helps students in settling in
their chosen career.
It is concluded that higher education and industry can
gain a lot by working together to achieve the goal of both
the industry and academia. Close collaboration is
beneficial in providing students with meaningful education
experience. The needs of the industry must be
considered in curriculum development. One such need is
the ability of learners to translate theory to practice.
Organizations must also provide the interns with real
learning opportunities. They should “open the doors” for
4. 429 Prim. J. Soc. Sci.
the interns and play the role of mentors and coaches to
young graduates of higher education institutions.
Recommendations
Institutions of higher learning should ensure that the
students are well prepared to meet the challenges of the
work place. Programmes that enhance transfer of
learning through experiential learning should be integral
part of the curriculum. No student should graduate
without attainment of a given number of weeks of
practical training in a typical workplace. Learners should
be linked up with supervisors who are well placed to
provide them with relevant coaching and mentoring to
achieve the objectives of the internship. Internship should
be considered as an integral part of evaluation of the
effectiveness of training in higher education. This is a
better way of determining whether graduates are able to
apply what they learnt in the classroom.
The transition between classroom and the workplace
should be treated as an important aspect of career
development. Students should be given an opportunity to
familiarise themselves with workplace and professional
requirements long before they are released to the world
of work. This will enable them to increase their self
confidence, soft skills and employability.
To bridge the gap between higher education and
industry, there is need for collaborative efforts in
curriculum development. Industry experts should have an
input into the curriculum. They should provide feedback
to higher learning institutions so that necessary
curriculum interventions can be implemented. They
should also provide professional support such as
mentoring and coaching to interns attached to their
organizations. The value of mentors and developmental
relationships to career success cannot be
overemphasized. There is need for hypothesis to be
developed from the propositions and an empirical study
carried out to test the hypothesis.
Deliberate efforts should be made by training
authorities to create incentives for industries to offer
internship opportunities. It would go a long way if such
training authorities and training umbrella bodies can
lobby the government to support internship with policies
or even enact a law that require industries to offer a
certain number of internship opportunities to trainees.
This can be pegged on the industry size or on a
percentage of a firm’s number of employees. This would
also work out for employers who would require less time
and expenses to train newly hired employees as they
have already acquired real work based skills during
internship. In countries where national service is
compulsory for every citizen, certain life skills and
national values and norms are inculcated into every
citizen when they go through national service. Internship
can be looked at in a similar way where all industries set
aside a certain percentage of their staffing levels to
interns and every trainee is required to go through
internship. This would mean that even a graduate who
does not eventually manage to secure a job would have
had industrial exposure and acquired real work skills to
enable him or her to venture as an entrepreneur in his or
her training area.
REFERENCES
Callanan G, Benzing C (2004). “Assessing the role of
internships in the career-oriented employment of
graduating college students”, J. Edu. Train., 46(2):
82-89
Collin K, Tynjalla P (2003). “Integrating theory and
practice; Employees’ and students’ experiences of
learning at work”, J. Workplace Learn., 15(7/8): 338-
44
Dennis A (1996). “The next generation: the benefits of
using college interns in a firm”, J. Account., 182(6):
89-92
Garavan T, Murphy C (2001). “The co-operative
education process and organizational socialization: a
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