This document discusses various date and time functions in MySQL including DAYOFWEEK(), WEEKDAY(), DAYOFMONTH(), DAYNAME(), MONTH(), DAYOFYEAR(), WEEK(), HOUR(), MINUTE(), SECOND(), DATE_FORMAT(), DATE_ADD(), DATE_SUB(), CURDATE(), CURTIME(), NOW(), SYSDATE(), and TIMESTAMP(). It provides examples of how each function works and the type of values they return. The functions allow retrieving specific components of a date/time like day, month, year, hour, minute as well as formatting, adding, and subtracting dates/times in MySQL.

1. Using Date and Time Functions in MYSQL
Mrs.G.Chandraprabha,M.Sc.,M.Phil.,
Assistant Professor,
Department of IT,
V.V.V college for Women,
Virudhunagar

2. Working With Days
DAYOFWEEK() function:
 MYSQL DAYOFWEEK() returns the week day number (1 for
Sunday,2 for Monday …… 7 for Saturday ) for a date specified as
argument.
mysql> SELECT DAYOFWEEK('2008-05-15');
+-------------------------+
| DAYOFWEEK('2008-05-15') |
+-------------------------+
| 5 |
+-------------------------+

3. WEEKDAY() function:
MySQL WEEKDAY() returns the index of the day in a week
for a given date (0 for Monday, 1 for Tuesday and ......6 for
Sunday).
mysql> SELECT WEEKDAY('2009-05-19');
+-----------------------+
| WEEKDAY('2009-05-19') |
+-----------------------+
| 1 |
+-----------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

4. DAYOFMONTH() function:
MySQL DAYOFMONTH() returns the day of the month for a
given date. The day returned will be within the range of 1 to 31. If
the date is ‘0000-00-00’, the function will return 0. The DAY() is
the synonym of DAYOFMONTH().
mysql> SELECT DAYOFMONTH('2008-05-15');
+--------------------------+
| DAYOFMONTH('2008-05-15') |
+--------------------------+
| 15 |
+--------------------------+

5. DAYNAME() function:
MySQL DAYNAME() returns the name of the week day of
a date specified in the argument.
mysql> SELECT DAYNAME('2008-05-15');
+-----------------------+
| DAYNAME('2008-05-15') |
+-----------------------+
| Thursday |
+-----------------------+

6. Working with Months and years:
MONTH() function:
MySQL MONTH() returns the MONTH for the date within a range of 1
to 12 ( January to December). It Returns 0 when MONTH part for the date
is 0.
mysql> SELECT MONTH('2009-05-18');
+---------------------+
| MONTH('2009-05-18') |
+---------------------+
| 5 |
+---------------------+

7. DAYOFYEAR() function:
MySQL DAYOFYEAR() returns day of the year for a date. The return
value is within the range of 1 to 366.
mysql> SELECT DAYOFYEAR('2008-05-15');
+-------------------------+
| DAYOFYEAR('2008-05-15') |
+-------------------------+
| 136 |
+-------------------------+

8. Working with weeks:
WEEK() function:
MySQL WEEK() returns the week number for a given date.
The argument allows the user to specify whether the week starts on
Sunday or Monday and whether the return value should be in the range from
0 to 53 or from 1 to 53. If no argument is included with the function, it
returns the default week format.
SELECT WEEK('2009-05-18');
Output:
mysql> SELECT WEEK('2009-05-18');
+--------------------+
| WEEK('2009-05-18') |
+--------------------+
| 20 |
+--------------------+

9. Working with hours, minutes and seconds
HOUR() function:
MySQL HOUR() returns the HOUR of a time. The return value is
within the range of 0 to 23 for time-of-day values. The range of time
values may be larger than 23.
SELECT HOUR('15:13:46');
Output:
mysql> SELECT HOUR('15:13:46');
+------------------+
| HOUR('15:13:46') |
+------------------+
| 15 |
+------------------+

10. MINUTE() function:
MySQL MINUTE() returns a MINUTE from a time or datetime
value.
SELECT MINUTE('2009-05-18 10:15:21.000423');
Output:
mysql> SELECT MINUTE('2009-05-18 10:15:21.000423');
+--------------------------------------+
| MINUTE('2009-05-18 10:15:21.000423') |
+--------------------------------------+
| 15 |
+--------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

11. SECOND() function:
MySQL SECOND() returns the second for a time. The return value is
in the range of 0 to 59.
SELECT SECOND('21:29:46');
Output:
mysql> SELECT SECOND('21:29:46');
+--------------------+
| SECOND('21:29:46') |
+--------------------+
| 46 |
+--------------------+

12. Formatting Dates and Times with Mysql:
DATE_FORMAT() function:
MySQL DATE_FORMAT() formats a date as specified in the
argument. A list of format specifiers given bellow may be used to format
a date. The ‘%’ is required before the format specifier characters.
SELECT DATE_FORMAT('2008-05-15 22:23:00', '%W %D %M %Y');
Output:
mysql> SELECT DATE_FORMAT('2008-05-15 22:23:00', '%W %D
%M %Y');
+---------------------------------------------------+
| DATE_FORMAT('2008-05-15 22:23:00', '%W %D %M %Y') |
+---------------------------------------------------+
| Thursday 15th May 2008 |

13. Performing Date Arithmetic with Mysql:
DATE_ADD() function:
MySQL DATE_ADD() adds time values (as intervals) to a date value. The
ADDDATE() is the synonym of DATE_ADD().
mysql> SELECT DATE_ADD('2008-05-15', INTERVAL 10 DAY) as
required_date;
+---------------+
| required_date |
+---------------+
| 2008-05-25 |
+---------------+

14. DATE_SUB() function
MySQL DATE_SUB() function subtract a time value (as interval) from
a date.
mysql> SELECT DATE_SUB('2008-05-15', INTERVAL 10 DAY);
+-----------------------------------------+
| DATE_SUB('2008-05-15', INTERVAL 10 DAY) |
+-----------------------------------------+
| 2008-05-05 |
+-----------------------------------------+

15. Special Functions and conversion Features:
CURDATE() function:
In MySQL the CURDATE() returns the current date in 'YYYY-MM-
DD' format or 'YYYYMMDD' format depending on whether numeric or
string is used in the function. CURRENT_DATE and
CURRENT_DATE() are the synonym of CURDATE().
mysql> SELECT CURDATE();
+------------+
| CURDATE() |
+------------+
| 2015-04-13 |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

16. CURTIME() function:
In MySQL, the CURTIME() returns the value of current time in
‘HH:MM:SS’ format or HHMMSS.uuuuuu format depending on whether
numeric or string is used in the function. CURRENT_TIME() and
CURRENT_TIME are the synonym of CURTIME().
SELECT CURTIME();
Output:
mysql> SELECT CURTIME();
+-----------+
| CURTIME() |
+-----------+
| 11:46:55 |
+-----------+

17. NOW() function:
MySQL NOW() returns the value of current date and time in ‘YYYY-
MM-DD HH:MM:SS’ format or YYYYMMDDHHMMSS.uuuuuu
format depending on the context (numeric or string) of the function.
SELECT NOW();
Output:
mysql> SELECT NOW();
+---------------------+
| NOW() |
+---------------------+
| 2015-04-14 10:55:19 |
+---------------------+

18. SYSDATE() function:
MySQL SYSDATE() returns the current date and time in YYYY-MM-
DD HH:MM:SS or YYYYMMDDHHMMSS.uuuuuu format depending
on the context of the function.
mysql> SELECT SYSDATE();
+---------------------+
| SYSDATE() |
+---------------------+
| 2015-04-14 12:50:44 |
+---------------------+

19. TIMESTAMP() function:
MySQL TIMESTAMP() returns a datetime value against a date or datetime
expression.
mysql> SELECT TIMESTAMP('2009-05-18');
+-------------------------+
| TIMESTAMP('2009-05-18') |
+-------------------------+
| 2009-05-18 00:00:00 |
+-------------------------+

20. Thank You