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dataS_CODES_CITYE_CODEE_CITYCOUPONNEWVACATIO
NSWHIS_INCOMEE_INCOMES_POPE_POPSLOTGATEDIST
ANCEPAXFARE*Dallas/Fort Worth TX*Amarillo
TX1.003NoYes5291.99$28,637$21,1123036732205711FreeFree
3127864$64.11*Atlanta GA*Baltimore/Wash Intl
MD1.063NoNo5419.16$26,993$29,83835326577145897FreeFre
e5768820$174.47*Boston MA*Baltimore/Wash Intl
MD1.063NoNo9185.28$30,124$29,83857872937145897FreeFre
e3646452$207.76ORDChicago IL*Baltimore/Wash Intl
MD1.063NoYes2657.35$29,260$29,83878303327145897Control
ledFree61225144$85.47MDWChicago
IL*Baltimore/Wash Intl
MD1.063NoYes2657.35$29,260$29,83878303327145897FreeFr
ee61225144$85.47*Cleveland OH*Baltimore/Wash Intl
MD1.013NoYes3408.11$26,046$29,83822309557145897FreeFr
ee30913386$56.76*Dallas/Fort Worth TX*Baltimore/Wash
Intl
MD1.283NoNo6754.48$28,637$29,83830367327145897FreeFre
e12204625$228.00*Fort Lauderdale FL*Baltimore/Wash Intl
MD1.153YesYes5584.00$26,752$29,83814403777145897FreeFr
ee9215512$116.54*Houston TX*Baltimore/Wash Intl
MD1.333NoYes4662.44$27,211$29,83837701257145897FreeFr
ee12497811$172.63*Kansas City MO*Baltimore/Wash Intl
MD1.602NoYes2617.00$25,450$29,83816948037145897FreeFr
ee9644657$114.76*Las Vegas NV*Baltimore/Wash Intl
MD1.573YesYes1772.59$24,575$29,83811972347145897FreeFr
ee21044489$158.20*Los Angeles CA*Baltimore/Wash Intl
MD1.501NoYes3932.29$24,706$29,83890560767145897FreeFr
ee23297349$228.99*Nashville TN*Baltimore/Wash Intl
MD1.123NoYes4471.62$25,995$29,83811150487145897FreeFr
ee5875654$79.17*New Orleans LA*Baltimore/Wash Intl
MD1.293NoYes4356.12$22,038$29,83813084997145897FreeFr
ee9923525$132.05JFKNew York/Newark
NY*Baltimore/Wash Intl
MD1.003NoNo2626.90$32,991$29,83886211217145897Controll
edFree1817171$117.23LGANew York/Newark
NY*Baltimore/Wash Intl
MD1.003NoNo2626.90$32,991$29,83886211217145897Controll
edFree1817171$117.23EWRNew York/Newark
NY*Baltimore/Wash Intl
MD1.003NoNo2626.90$32,991$29,83886211217145897FreeCon
strained1817171$117.23*Orlando FL*Baltimore/Wash
Intl
MD1.133YesYes5706.76$22,360$29,83814212877145897FreeFr
ee78811013$106.11*Phoenix AZ*Baltimore/Wash Intl
MD1.863NoYes1230.48$23,025$29,83827533737145897FreeFr
ee20014408$181.16*Salt Lake City UT*Baltimore/Wash Intl
MD1.933NoYes2000.67$21,121$29,83812288167145897FreeFr
ee18662767$157.50*San Diego CA*Baltimore/Wash Intl
MD1.873NoYes1572.93$23,903$29,83826736207145897FreeFr
ee22903170$200.20*San Francisco CA*Baltimore/Wash
Intl
MD1.523NoNo2967.59$38,813$29,83816530177145897FreeFre
e24546417$246.85*St Louis MO*Baltimore/Wash Intl
MD1.143NoYes4191.24$25,824$29,83825498447145897FreeFr
ee72910264$99.70*Tampa FL*Baltimore/Wash Intl
MD1.133YesYes5201.34$23,654$29,83821952157145897FreeFr
ee8467082$106.77ORDChicago IL*Birmingham
AL1.163NoYes3627.46$29,260$23,8587830332895414Controlle
dFree5764138$113.50MDWChicago IL*Birmingham
AL1.163NoYes3627.46$29,260$23,8587830332895414FreeFree
5764138$113.50*Seattle/Tacoma WA*Boise
ID1.073NoYes5255.24$30,916$23,9012230831372606FreeFree4
035995$69.12*Atlanta GA*Boston
MA1.253NoNo5736.34$26,993$30,12435326575787293FreeFre
e93914005$210.00JFKNew York/Newark NY*Buffalo
NY1.013NoNo4040.09$32,991$23,18486211211173217Controll
edFree29112432$134.30LGANew York/Newark NY*Buffalo
NY1.013NoNo4040.09$32,991$23,18486211211173217Controll
edFree29112432$134.30EWRNew York/Newark NY*Buffalo
NY1.013NoNo4040.09$32,991$23,18486211211173217FreeCon
strained29112432$134.30JFKNew York/Newark
NY*Charleston
SC1.340NoNo2587.89$32,991$18,8518621121254153Controlle
dFree6376003$118.95LGANew York/Newark NY*Charleston
SC1.343NoNo2587.89$32,991$18,8518621121254153Controlle
dFree6376003$118.95EWRNew York/Newark NY*Charleston
SC1.341NoNo2587.89$32,991$18,8518621121254153FreeConst
rained6376003$118.95*Atlanta GA*Charlotte
NC1.013NoNo4435.92$26,993$25,23735326571318892FreeCon
strained2277335$97.96*Boston MA*Charlotte
NC1.253NoNo8589.17$30,124$25,23757872931318892FreeCon
strained7223263$237.80ORDChicago IL*Charlotte
NC1.163NoNo4523.31$29,260$25,23778303321318892Controll
edConstrained5895153$234.15MDWChicago
IL*Charlotte
NC1.163NoNo4523.31$29,260$25,23778303321318892FreeCon
strained5895153$234.15*Dallas/Fort Worth TX*Charlotte
NC1.143NoNo4439.86$28,637$25,23730367321318892FreeCon
strained9404493$203.17JFKNew York/Newark NY*Charlotte
NC1.123NoNo8714.03$32,991$25,23786211211318892Controll
edConstrained5399305$250.73LGANew York/Newark
NY*Charlotte
NC1.123NoNo8714.03$32,991$25,23786211211318892Controll
edConstrained5399305$250.73EWRNew York/Newark
NY*Charlotte
NC1.123NoNo8714.03$32,991$25,23786211211318892FreeCon
strained5399305$250.73*Atlanta GAORDChicago
IL1.043NoNo2712.37$26,993$29,26035326577830332Controlle
dFree59530877$106.60*Atlanta GAMDWChicago
IL1.043NoNo2712.37$26,993$29,26035326577830332FreeFree
59530877$106.60*Austin TXORDChicago
IL1.253NoYes4417.16$23,665$29,26010386607830332Controll
edFree9744980$136.27*Austin TXMDWChicago
IL1.253NoYes4417.16$23,665$29,26010386607830332FreeFree
9744980$136.27*Boston MAORDChicago
IL1.151NoNo3977.23$30,124$29,26057872937830332Controlle
dFree85420718$230.87*Boston MAMDWChicago
IL1.153NoNo3977.23$30,124$29,26057872937830332FreeFree
85420718$230.87*Cincinnati OHORDChicago
IL1.013NoNo3910.81$25,059$29,26015951397830332Controlle
dConstrained2547069$180.56*Cincinnati
OHMDWChicago
IL1.010NoNo3910.81$25,059$29,26015951397830332FreeCons
trained2547069$180.56*Atlanta GA*Cincinnati
OH1.163NoNo9350.13$26,993$25,05935326571595139FreeCon
strained3713892$215.83*Atlanta GA*Cleveland
OH1.123NoNo4478.87$26,993$26,04635326572915745FreeFree
5614821$197.10ORDChicago IL*Cleveland
OH1.013NoYes2800.91$29,260$26,04678303322915745Control
ledFree31624405$69.10MDWChicago IL*Cleveland
OH1.011NoYes2800.91$29,260$26,04678303322915745FreeFre
e31624405$69.10*Dallas/Fort Worth TX*Colorado Springs
CO1.063NoNo5110.54$28,637$22,2633036732472254FreeFree5
926098$91.83*Houston TX*Colorado Springs
CO1.193NoNo4037.09$27,211$22,2633770125472254FreeFree8
174281$111.66*Las Vegas NV*Colorado Springs
CO1.163YesNo3465.14$24,575$22,2631197234472254FreeFree
6028810$57.62*Los Angeles CA*Colorado Springs
CO1.363NoNo4384.63$24,706$22,2639056076472254FreeFree8
335762$104.72JFKNew York/Newark NY*Colorado Springs
CO1.363NoNo2421.04$32,991$22,2638621121472254Controlle
dFree16365185$154.74LGANew York/Newark NY*Colorado
Springs
CO1.363NoNo2421.04$32,991$22,2638621121472254Controlle
dFree16365185$154.74EWRNew York/Newark NY*Colorado
Springs
CO1.363NoNo2421.04$32,991$22,2638621121472254FreeConst
rained16365185$154.74*Phoenix AZ*Colorado Springs
CO1.093NoNo4351.31$23,025$22,2632753373472254FreeFree5
507599$77.98IADWashington DC*Colorado Springs
CO1.683NoNo2661.53$31,981$22,2634549784472254FreeFree1
4764945$157.20DCAWashington DC*Colorado Springs
CO1.683NoNo2661.53$31,981$22,2634549784472254Controlle
dFree14764945$157.20*Atlanta GA*Columbus
OH1.133NoNo5356.51$26,993$24,50235326571442203FreeFree
4456075$113.20*Boston MA*Columbus
OH1.223NoNo3789.64$30,124$24,50257872931442203FreeFree
6334758$143.59ORDChicago IL*Columbus
OH1.013NoYes2668.20$29,260$24,50278303321442203Control
ledFree28614516$75.07MDWChicago IL*Columbus
OH1.010NoYes2668.20$29,260$24,50278303321442203FreeFre
e28614516$75.07*Albuquerque NM*Dallas/Fort Worth
TX1.023NoYes5222.30$22,089$28,6376681593036732FreeFree
57310941$84.46*Atlanta GA*Dallas/Fort Worth
TX1.053NoNo4624.90$26,993$28,63735326573036732FreeFree
73423075$113.99*Austin TX*Dallas/Fort Worth
TX1.003NoYes5502.33$23,665$28,63710386603036732FreeFre
e18418843$67.17*Boston MA*Dallas/Fort Worth
TX1.193NoNo5605.06$30,124$28,63757872933036732FreeFree
15598756$320.37ORDChicago IL*Dallas/Fort Worth
TX1.143NoNo6205.97$29,260$28,63778303323036732Controll
edFree80520264$244.50MDWChicago IL*Dallas/Fort
Worth
TX1.143NoNo6205.97$29,260$28,63778303323036732FreeFree
80520264$244.50*Corpus Christi TX*Dallas/Fort Worth
TX1.023NoYes4386.55$18,933$28,6373821553036732FreeFree
3545391$78.62*Atlanta GA*Denver
CO1.233NoNo4202.66$26,993$29,05535326571862106FreeFree
12007621$210.90*Boston MA*Denver
CO1.353NoNo6140.91$30,124$29,05557872931862106FreeFree
17555820$311.46ORDChicago IL*Denver
CO1.083NoNo5792.28$29,260$29,05578303321862106Controll
edFree90216263$174.06MDWChicago IL*Denver
CO1.083NoNo5792.28$29,260$29,05578303321862106FreeFree
90216263$174.06*Dallas/Fort Worth TX*Denver
CO1.063NoNo4157.61$28,637$29,05530367321862106FreeFree
63811298$155.81*Atlanta GA*Detroit
MI1.053NoNo4312.95$26,993$26,50635326574459144FreeCon
strained60012752$106.56*Boston MA*Detroit
MI1.063NoNo8162.77$30,124$26,50657872934459144FreeCon
strained61610358$110.42ORDChicago IL*Detroit
MI1.003NoYes3059.78$29,260$26,50678303324459144Controll
edConstrained23734113$74.28MDWChicago IL*Detroit
MI1.003NoYes3059.78$29,260$26,50678303324459144FreeCon
strained23734113$74.28*Dallas/Fort Worth TX*Detroit
MI1.223NoNo4033.32$28,637$26,50630367324459144FreeCon
strained10016401$245.28*Denver CO*Detroit
MI1.213NoNo4213.71$29,055$26,50618621064459144FreeCon
strained11393851$256.48*Dallas/Fort Worth TX*El Paso
TX1.023NoYes5063.07$28,637$14,6003036732677757FreeFree
54810989$84.23*Atlanta GA*Fort Lauderdale
FL1.023YesNo7032.27$26,993$26,75235326571440377FreeFre
e57811425$105.10*Boston MA*Fort Lauderdale
FL1.273YesNo2682.54$30,124$26,75257872931440377FreeFre
e122910483$121.09ORDChicago IL*Fort Lauderdale
FL1.153YesYes2482.76$29,260$26,75278303321440377Control
ledFree116810117$153.95MDWChicago IL*Fort
Lauderdale
FL1.153YesYes2482.76$29,260$26,75278303321440377FreeFre
e116810117$153.95*Dallas/Fort Worth TX*Fort Lauderdale
FL1.163YesNo4677.03$28,637$26,75230367321440377FreeFre
e11183402$207.84*Detroit MI*Fort Lauderdale
FL1.173YesNo4681.68$26,506$26,75244591441440377FreeCon
strained11286103$113.39*Boston MA*Fort Meyers
FL1.473YesNo2565.52$30,124$26,7525787293379566FreeFree
12456390$126.62ORDChicago IL*Fort Meyers
FL1.203YesNo3247.31$29,260$26,7527830332379566Controlle
dFree11087196$136.68MDWChicago IL*Fort Meyers
FL1.203YesNo3247.31$29,260$26,7527830332379566FreeFree
11087196$136.68*Detroit MI*Fort Meyers
FL1.133YesNo4516.90$26,506$26,7524459144379566FreeCons
trained10887049$108.15JFKNew York/Newark
NY*Greensboro/High Pt
NC1.073NoNo4840.48$32,991$24,3488621121111745Controlle
dFree4577574$180.85LGANew York/Newark
NY*Greensboro/High Pt
NC1.073NoNo4840.48$32,991$24,3488621121111745Controlle
dFree4577574$180.85EWRNew York/Newark
NY*Greensboro/High Pt
NC1.073NoNo4840.48$32,991$24,3488621121111745FreeConst
rained4577574$180.85*Atlanta GA*Hartford
CT1.343NoNo5137.41$26,993$30,26835326571106780FreeFree
8545806$175.81ORDChicago IL*Hartford
CT1.133NoNo4146.13$29,260$30,26878303321106780Controll
edFree7796614$240.88MDWChicago IL*Hartford
CT1.133NoNo4146.13$29,260$30,26878303321106780FreeFree
7796614$240.88*Las Vegas NV*Honolulu (Intl)
HI1.563YesNo3135.14$24,575$26,6811197234873131FreeFree2
7646462$183.19*Los Angeles CA*Honolulu (Intl)
HI1.033YesNo1706.89$24,706$26,6819056076873131FreeFree2
55532824$167.16*San Francisco CA*Honolulu (Intl)
HI1.043YesNo2447.14$38,813$26,6811653017873131FreeFree2
40119055$177.09*Seattle/Tacoma WA*Honolulu (Intl)
HI1.293YesNo3333.11$30,916$26,6812230831873131FreeFree2
6796464$221.89*Atlanta GA*Houston
TX1.193NoNo4468.80$26,993$27,21135326573770125FreeFree
7017201$233.16*Austin TX*Houston
TX1.003NoYes6269.39$23,665$27,21110386603770125FreeFre
e1389874$67.10*Boston MA*Houston
TX1.413NoNo5497.26$30,124$27,21157872933770125FreeFree
16054272$349.97ORDChicago IL*Houston
TX1.093NoYes2572.42$29,260$27,21178303323770125Control
ledFree93916868$139.56MDWChicago IL*Houston
TX1.093NoYes2572.42$29,260$27,21178303323770125FreeFre
e93916868$139.56*Cleveland OH*Houston
TX1.313NoYes6172.95$26,046$27,21122309553770125FreeFre
e11174057$191.63*Corpus Christi TX*Houston
TX1.003NoYes5826.14$18,933$27,2113821553770125FreeFree
1845312$65.31*Dallas/Fort Worth TX*Houston
TX1.003NoYes4992.63$28,637$27,21130367323770125FreeFre
e23454429$67.78*Denver CO*Houston
TX1.143NoNo4103.10$29,055$27,21118621063770125FreeFree
8665860$204.68*Detroit MI*Houston
TX1.193NoYes3649.80$26,506$27,21144591443770125FreeCo
nstrained11024660$177.22*Atlanta GA*Indianapolis
IN1.123NoNo5180.13$26,993$25,47535326571489247FreeFree
4305378$109.78ORDChicago IL*Indianapolis
IN1.003NoYes3702.18$29,260$25,47578303321489247Controll
edFree1679355$62.63MDWChicago IL*Indianapolis
IN1.000NoYes3702.18$29,260$25,47578303321489247FreeFree
1679355$62.63*Detroit MI*Indianapolis
IN1.113NoYes8437.67$26,506$25,47544591441489247FreeCon
strained2414790$169.58*Fort Meyers FL*Indianapolis
IN1.213YesNo6134.26$24,510$25,4753795661489247FreeFree9
433624$105.73*Las Vegas NV*Indianapolis
IN1.343YesNo2883.65$24,575$25,47511972341489247FreeFree
15887406$114.13*Los Angeles CA*Indianapolis
IN1.523NoNo1787.71$24,706$25,47590560761489247FreeFree
18155869$153.50JFKNew York/Newark NY*Indianapolis
IN1.270NoNo3543.34$32,991$25,47586211211489247Controlle
dFree6577109$195.64LGANew York/Newark
NY*Indianapolis
IN1.273NoNo3543.34$32,991$25,47586211211489247Controlle
dFree6577109$195.64EWRNew York/Newark
NY*Indianapolis
IN1.273NoNo3543.34$32,991$25,47586211211489247FreeCons
trained6577109$195.64*Orlando FL*Indianapolis
IN1.243YesYes3009.48$22,360$25,47514212871489247FreeFre
e8287675$97.36*Phoenix AZ*Indianapolis
IN1.273NoYes3446.75$23,025$25,47527533731489247FreeFree
14915100$138.08*San Francisco CA*Indianapolis
IN1.713NoNo1892.37$38,813$25,47516530171489247FreeFree
19413814$157.45*Tampa FL*Indianapolis
IN1.283YesYes3076.53$23,654$25,47521952151489247FreeFre
e8445160$99.43*Atlanta GA*Jacksonville
FL1.003YesNo5963.75$26,993$23,61435326571008768FreeFre
e2808571$87.59ORDChicago IL*Jacksonville
FL1.453YesNo3198.81$29,260$23,61478303321008768Controll
edFree8653789$158.63MDWChicago IL*Jacksonville
FL1.453YesNo3198.81$29,260$23,61478303321008768FreeFre
e8653789$158.63*Fort Lauderdale FL*Jacksonville
FL1.013YesNo3305.70$26,752$23,61414403771008768FreeFre
e3031859$114.93*Atlanta GA*Kansas City
MO1.110NoNo6722.01$26,993$25,45035326571694803FreeFre
e6856426$116.18ORDChicago IL*Kansas City
MO1.043NoYes3296.05$29,260$25,45078303321694803Control
ledFree40720529$75.71MDWChicago IL*Kansas City
MO1.040NoYes3296.05$29,260$25,45078303321694803FreeFr
ee40720529$75.71*Dallas/Fort Worth TX*Kansas City
MO1.203NoNo7520.09$28,637$25,45030367321694803FreeFre
e4589381$116.57*Denver CO*Kansas City
MO1.023NoNo5505.79$29,055$25,45018621061694803FreeFre
e5417679$110.25*Detroit MI*Kansas City
MO1.313NoYes5569.75$26,506$25,45044591441694803FreeCo
nstrained6394987$123.27*Houston TX*Kansas City
MO1.082NoYes4343.85$27,211$25,45037701251694803FreeFr
ee6524649$127.78*Las Vegas NV*Kansas City
MO1.390YesYes2844.24$24,575$25,45011972341694803FreeFr
ee11408309$78.24*Los Angeles CA*Kansas City
MO1.312NoYes1843.52$24,706$25,45090560761694803FreeFr
ee13657959$116.00*Albuquerque NM*Las Vegas
NV1.080YesYes7641.73$22,089$24,5756681591197234FreeFre
e4797170$72.43*Atlanta GA*Las Vegas
NV1.443YesNo4112.44$26,993$24,57535326571197234FreeFre
e17447881$143.62*Austin TX*Las Vegas
NV1.353YesYes3757.25$23,665$24,57510386601197234FreeFr
ee10875738$80.31*Boston MA*Las Vegas
NV1.493YesNo1833.95$30,124$24,57557872931197234FreeFre
e237210235$133.35*Burbank CA*Las Vegas
NV1.003YesYes9592.99$24,706$24,57590560761197234FreeFr
ee22616845$52.92ORDChicago IL*Las Vegas
NV1.153YesYes2044.21$29,260$24,57578303321197234Contro
lledFree151923739$123.74MDWChicago IL*Las Vegas
NV1.153YesYes2044.21$29,260$24,57578303321197234FreeFr
ee151923739$123.74*Cleveland OH*Las Vegas
NV1.360YesYes4070.45$26,046$24,57522309551197234FreeFr
ee18314543$159.12*Columbus OH*Las Vegas
NV1.423YesNo4956.58$24,502$24,5751257221197234FreeFree
17697231$115.84*Dallas/Fort Worth TX*Las Vegas
NV1.163YesNo4446.51$28,637$24,57530367321197234FreeFre
e10526986$164.88*Denver CO*Las Vegas
NV1.133YesNo3760.10$29,055$24,57518621061197234FreeFre
e61810206$89.47*Detroit MI*Las Vegas
NV1.193YesNo5307.27$26,506$24,57544591441197234FreeCo
nstrained17566675$163.78*Houston TX*Las Vegas
NV1.183YesYes3690.13$27,211$24,57537701251197234FreeFr
ee12229632$112.99*Los Angeles CA*Las Vegas
NV1.000YesYes2522.01$24,706$24,57590560761197234FreeFr
ee23851358$55.57*Los Angeles CA*Las Vegas
NV1.000YesYes2522.01$24,706$24,57590560761197234FreeFr
ee23851358$55.57*Dallas/Fort Worth TX*Little Rock
AR1.003NoYes5293.05$28,637$22,7263036732547633FreeFree
30810451$59.77*Albuquerque NM*Los Angeles
CA1.093NoYes4935.72$22,089$24,7066681599056076FreeFree
67311980$76.79*Atlanta GA*Los Angeles
CA1.383NoNo5465.98$26,993$24,70635326579056076FreeFree
194613365$225.56*Boston MA*Los Angeles
CA1.353NoNo2902.44$30,124$24,70657872939056076FreeFree
260514737$301.79ORDChicago IL*Los Angeles
CA1.193NoNo3413.42$29,260$24,70678303329056076Controll
edFree175129771$233.78MDWChicago IL*Los Angeles
CA1.193NoNo3413.42$29,260$24,70678303329056076FreeFree
175129771$233.78*Cleveland OH*Los Angeles
CA1.563NoNo3300.08$26,046$24,70622309559056076FreeFree
20624531$231.97*Columbus OH*Los Angeles
CA1.923NoNo1550.16$24,502$24,7061257229056076FreeFree1
9963542$179.23*Dallas/Fort Worth TX*Los Angeles
CA1.203NoNo5976.02$28,637$24,70630367329056076FreeFree
12349746$272.06*Denver CO*Los Angeles
CA1.103NoNo6589.49$29,055$24,70618621069056076FreeFree
85420889$129.80*Detroit MI*Los Angeles
CA1.523NoNo4289.78$26,506$24,70644591449056076FreeCon
strained19886758$295.49*Fort Lauderdale FL*Los Angeles
CA1.273YesNo3472.17$26,752$24,70614403779056076FreeFre
e23414719$193.50*Houston TX*Los Angeles
CA1.273NoYes3942.83$27,211$24,70637701259056076FreeFre
e137911760$195.28*Atlanta GA*Louisville
KY1.043NoNo5450.85$26,993$24,3073532657989164FreeFree3
204562$101.68*Baltimore/Wash Intl MD*Louisville
KY1.133NoYes4655.18$29,838$24,30729838989164FreeFree49
56218$60.26ORDChicago IL*Louisville
KY1.023NoYes4109.87$29,260$24,3077830332989164Controll
edFree2768793$68.06MDWChicago IL*Louisville
KY1.023NoYes4109.87$29,260$24,3077830332989164FreeFree
2768793$68.06*Dallas/Fort Worth TX*Lubbock
TX1.003NoYes6337.20$28,637$20,9803036732231325FreeFree
2839446$60.87*Atlanta GA*Memphis
TN1.013NoNo4988.83$26,993$24,72535326571074558FreeFree
33110255$70.62*Atlanta GA*Miami
FL1.011YesNo4343.35$26,993$21,20735326572105604FreeFre
e59514119$97.93*Boston MA*Miami
FL1.243YesNo4133.35$30,124$21,20757872932105604FreeFre
e12597322$158.50ORDChicago IL*Miami
FL1.153YesNo3947.24$29,260$21,20778303322105604Controll
edFree118710671$168.92MDWChicago IL*Miami
FL1.150YesNo3947.24$29,260$21,20778303322105604FreeFre
e118710671$168.92*Dallas/Fort Worth TX*Miami
FL1.163YesNo5772.86$28,637$21,20730367322105604FreeFre
e11164613$185.11*Detroit MI*Miami
FL1.173YesNo6140.53$26,506$21,20744591442105604FreeCon
strained11515064$133.98*Los Angeles CA*Miami
FL1.213YesNo4567.20$24,706$21,20790560762105604FreeFre
e233611193$207.83*Las Vegas NV*Milwaukee
WI1.423YesNo2796.60$24,575$26,69511972341646147FreeFre
e15212963$146.36JFKNew York/Newark NY*Milwaukee
WI1.293NoNo6108.57$32,991$26,69586211211646147Controll
edFree7366590$190.09LGANew York/Newark
NY*Milwaukee
WI1.293NoNo6108.57$32,991$26,69586211211646147Controll
edFree7366590$190.09EWRNew York/Newark
NY*Milwaukee
WI1.291NoNo6108.57$32,991$26,69586211211646147FreeCon
strained7366590$190.09*Orlando FL*Milwaukee
WI1.493YesNo2985.42$22,360$26,69514212871646147FreeFre
e10666935$104.87*Phoenix AZ*Milwaukee
WI1.363NoNo3146.68$23,025$26,69527533731646147FreeFree
14614879$154.06*Atlanta GA*Minneapolis/St Paul
MN1.173NoNo4317.66$26,993$28,73935326572761118FreeCon
strained9045578$269.43*Boston MA*Minneapolis/St
Paul
MN1.183NoNo7702.88$30,124$28,73957872932761118FreeCon
strained11147276$258.85ORDChicago
IL*Minneapolis/St Paul
MN1.013NoNo3911.17$29,260$28,73978303322761118Controll
edConstrained34229137$156.93MDWChicago
IL*Minneapolis/St Paul
MN1.013NoNo3911.17$29,260$28,73978303322761118FreeCon
strained34229137$156.93*Dallas/Fort Worth
TX*Minneapolis/St Paul
MN1.103NoNo4540.30$28,637$28,73930367322761118FreeCon
strained8576621$230.71*Denver CO*Minneapolis/St
Paul
MN1.023NoNo4347.48$29,055$28,73918621062761118FreeCon
strained69310147$133.50*Detroit MI*Minneapolis/St
Paul
MN1.143NoNo9249.13$26,506$28,73944591442761118FreeCon
strained5305389$286.54*Kansas City MO*Minneapolis/St
Paul
MN1.193NoNo7958.31$25,450$28,73916948032761118FreeCon
strained4013733$232.55*Las Vegas NV*Minneapolis/St
Paul
MN1.133YesNo6172.12$24,575$28,73911972342761118FreeCo
nstrained13014353$171.67*Los Angeles
CA*Minneapolis/St Paul
MN1.243NoNo6166.10$24,706$28,73990560762761118FreeCon
strained15397749$246.10ORDChicago IL*Nashville
TN1.023NoYes3463.96$29,260$25,99578303321115048Control
ledFree40110902$84.21MDWChicago IL*Nashville
TN1.023NoYes3463.96$29,260$25,99578303321115048FreeFre
e40110902$84.21*Dallas/Fort Worth TX*Nashville
TN1.103NoNo7138.34$28,637$25,99530367321115048FreeFree
6344632$181.99*Detroit MI*Nashville
TN1.162NoYes7746.63$26,506$25,99544591441115048FreeCo
nstrained4666143$166.25*Houston TX*Nashville
TN1.083NoYes4722.17$27,211$25,99537701251115048FreeFre
e6715772$107.86*Los Angeles CA*Nashville
TN1.572NoYes3106.38$24,706$25,99590560761115048FreeFre
e17984462$181.02JFKNew York/Newark NY*Nashville
TN1.263NoNo3647.27$32,991$25,99586211211115048Controll
edFree7607387$215.01LGANew York/Newark NY*Nashville
TN1.263NoNo3647.27$32,991$25,99586211211115048Controll
edFree7607387$215.01EWRNew York/Newark NY*Nashville
TN1.263NoNo3647.27$32,991$25,99586211211115048FreeCon
strained7607387$215.01*Orlando FL*Nashville
TN1.171YesYes2173.45$22,360$25,99514212871115048FreeFr
ee6156224$87.80*Atlanta GA*New Orleans
LA1.023NoNo6269.75$26,993$22,03835326571308499FreeFree
4197796$120.70ORDChicago IL*New Orleans
LA1.203NoYes2621.01$29,260$22,03878303321308499Control
ledFree8298356$132.85MDWChicago IL*New Orleans
LA1.203NoYes2621.01$29,260$22,03878303321308499FreeFre
e8298356$132.85*Dallas/Fort Worth TX*New Orleans
LA1.053NoYes4060.65$28,637$22,03830367321308499FreeFre
e45512717$84.53*Houston TX*New Orleans
LA1.013NoYes5117.49$27,211$22,03837701251308499FreeFre
e31919894$76.81*Los Angeles CA*New Orleans
LA1.433NoYes2605.05$24,706$22,03890560761308499FreeFre
e16785559$202.00*Albuquerque NMJFKNew
York/Newark
NY1.923NoNo1940.17$22,089$32,9916681598621121Controlle
dFree18224002$208.79*Albuquerque NMLGANew
York/Newark
NY1.923NoNo1940.17$22,089$32,9916681598621121Controlle
dFree18224002$208.79*Albuquerque NMEWR…
The Paramedic Method
“An evaluation of the effect of Class C fly ash and ground
granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS)
on the properties of ternary mixtures for use in concrete
pavements was undertaken and is
presented in this paper.”
This sentence is difficult to read for several reasons: readers
have to wade through 26 words and an
acronym before they get to the sentence’s main verb, it uses the
passive voice, and it has 7 prepositional
phrases.
How can we fix sentences like this one? The paramedic method!
Developed by Richard Lanham, the
paramedic method is a set of clear steps for analyzing and
revising wordy sentences. Writers use the
paramedic method to improve clarity and readability so that
they communicate concisely and effectively.
Basically, the paramedic method helps make confusing syntax
comprehensible.
1) Underline the prepositional phrases in the sentence.
(Prepositions are words that indicate
relationships between nouns and pronouns. Words like at, in,
on, of, to, about, around, below, above,
from, into, near, since, through, against, after, and outside are
prepositions.)
An evaluation of the effect of Class C fly ash and ground
granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS)
on the properties of ternary mixtures for use in concrete
pavements was undertaken and is
presented in this paper.
2) Circle the ‘to be’ (am, is, are, was, were) verbs.
An evaluation of the effect of Class C fly ash and ground
granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS)
on the properties of ternary mixtures for use in concrete
pavements was undertaken and is
presented in this paper.
3) Put a box around nominalizations and (thus) identify the
primary action. Nominalization are words that
have been changed from adjectives or verbs into nouns
An evaluation of the effect of Class C fly ash and ground
granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS)
on the properties of ternary mixtures for use in concrete
pavements was undertaken and is
presented in this paper.
4) Write the nominalization/primary action as a simple verb.
Our example sentence has one nominalization that could
potentially serve as the primary verb:
evaluation. When we transform the nominalization, evaluation
becomes evaluate or evaluates.
5) Ask, “Who or what performs the action?” Then write the new
base clause with the agent in the subject
position. Use the simple verb form from step 4.
“…for use in concrete pavements is presented in this paper.”
(agent)
becomes
This paper evaluates . . .
(agent) (action)
David Blakesley
Oval
David Blakesley
Oval
David Blakesley
Oval
David Blakesley
Oval
David Blakesley
Rectangle
David Blakesley
Rectangle
Paramedic Method 2
6) Keep the base clause near the beginning of the sentence, if
possible.
7) Eliminate unnecessary words and phrases.
Your final product should look something like this:
This paper evaluates the effect of Class C fly ash and ground
granulated blast furnace slag
(GGBFS) on the properties of ternary mixtures in concrete
pavements. (26 words)
The paramedic method has helped us reduce our sentence to 26
words from 36, a 28 percent reduction.
That means that 28 percent of our original sentence was excess
(Lanham calls it “lard content”). If you
apply the paramedic method to all of your sentences, your
writing can’t help but be clearer and more
concise.
Sentences for practice:
1) As a means of providing scientists with appropriate tertiary
data, the conference is intended to serve
as a communication medium for everyone involved in the
manipulation and dissemination of research
findings.
2) The decision by the managers was that the committee for
road improvement would cease its activity
for the duration of the term.
3) From the beginning, the writing of this research article was
marked by reluctance.
The final two steps are generally done together as you re-draft
the sentence.
Don’t be afraid to rewrite the clause a couple of times if your
first revision
doesn’t sound quite right.
The data in the accompanying file Airline Data.xlsx was
assembled by Professor Robert Windle of the Smith School with
assistance from Oliver Yao. You may be familiar with this data
from earlier classes! The file contains information on 638 air
routes in the United States. A route refers to a pair of airports.
Note that some cities are served by more than one airport. In
such cases, the airports are distinguished by their 3-letter code.
The data was collected for the third quarter of 1996 (3Q96). The
variables in the data set are:
1. S_CODE: starting airport’s code
2. S_CITY: starting city
3. E_CODE: ending airport’s code
4. E_CITY: ending city
5. COUPON: average number of coupons (a one-coupon flight is
a non-stop flight, a two-coupon flight is a one-stop flight, etc.)
for that route
6. NEW: number of new carriers entering that route between
Q3-96 and Q2-97
7. VACATION: whether a vacation route (Yes) or not (No);
Florida and Las Vegas routes are generally considered vacation
routes
8. SW: whether Southwest Airlines serves that route (Yes) or
not (No)
9. HI: Herfindel Index – airlines use this as a measure of market
concentration
10. S_INCOME: starting city’s average personal income
11. E_INCOME: ending city’s average personal income
12. S_POP: starting city’s population
13. E_POP: ending city’s population
14. SLOT: whether either endpoint airport is slot controlled or
not; this is a measure of airport congestion
15. GATE: whether either endpoint airport has gate constraints
or not; this is another measure of airport congestion
16. DISTANCE: distance between two endpoint airports in
miles
17. PAX: number of passengers on that route during period of
data collection
18. FARE: average fare on that route
The Assignment
The goal is to predict the FARE as a function of the other
variables. Please answer all questions. Supply supporting
documentation and show calculations as needed (for example
for the RMSE you may want to include a picture of the error
measures from the Excel output). Please submit a single well-
formatted PDF or Word file. The instructor should not need to
go searching for your answers! You should also upload an Excel
file as supporting information .
Note that the detailed instructions refer to Analytical Solver
Data Mining – you are however free to use any other software.
1. Data Exploration & Visualization
a) Using the graphical capabilities of ASDM (or the software of
your choice) provide a single plot that captures some aspects of
the data. Include the plot as a clearly marked Exhibit.
b) What do you observe from the plot? How could your
observation influence your regression model (or why would it
not)?
2. Fitting a linear regression model
a) Using the data analysis menu, create dummy variables for
variables VACATION, SW, GATE, and SLOT (select
“Transform” – “Transform categorical data …” – “Create
Dummies”).
Using the resulting new data set, randomly partition the data
into 70% training and 30% validation (select “Partition” –
“Standard Partition”).
Run a multivariable regression (select “Predict” – “Linear
Regression”), with all numerical variables and the appropriate
dummies as independent variables. Provide a summary of the
model (that includes the values of the regression coefficients) or
otherwise include it as a clearly marked Exhibit.
b) What is the resulting RMSE on the training data?
c) On the validation data?
d) From your model, how would you quantify the effects of
GATE on the predicted FARE? Please be precise in your
interpretation, thinking back to your earlier data analysis class.
e) What is the predicted fare of a leg that has COUPON = 1,
NEW = 3, VACATION = No, SW = No, HI = 6000, S_income =
$25000, E_income = $30000, S_POP = 4,000,000,
E_POP=7,150,000, SLOT = Free and GATE = constrained,
DISTANCE = 1000, and PAX = 6000?
3. Variable Selection
Experiment with variable selection methods (feel free to take
advantage of the how-to tutorials in the resource center that will
take you through the key steps). Note: You may want to change
the FIN and FOUT settings in order to view more model
choices. Set FOUT higher and FIN lower as needed.
You may want to refer to pages 143-152 in the book, which
apply variable selection to the Toyota example and highlight
how to interpret the model measures such as Adjusted
R2 and Cp.
a) From your experiments – pick a model to run as your final
regression model.
b) Provide a summary of the model or otherwise include it as a
clearly marked Exhibit.
c) Why did you select this particular model? Please provide
quantitative reasoning.
d) What is the resulting RMSE on the training data?
e) On the validation data?
4. Adding an interaction term
A senior consultant in the airline industry has indicated that the
presence of Southwest on vacation routes has significantly been
driving prices down on these legs, beyond other routes. Add this
domain knowledge to your regression model from c) by creating
an interaction variable (refer back to your notes on interaction
variables from your data analysis class) and rerunning the linear
regression model.
Note: You need to go back to your “Encoding” worksheet and
manually add a column that is SW_yes * Vacation_Yes (in the
Z-column). You then need to repartition your data, and make
sure to expand the data selection to include the new variable in
the Z-column.
a) Did your error measures improve?
b) How would you quantify the effect of SW on the fare on
vacation routes vs. non-vacation routes (using your model)?
Does the data support the consultant’s claim? HINT: Carefully
think about which variables determine the fare on each type of
route (your have both vacation and non-vacation routes, and for
each type, some routes are served by SW and some are not).

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  • 1. dataS_CODES_CITYE_CODEE_CITYCOUPONNEWVACATIO NSWHIS_INCOMEE_INCOMES_POPE_POPSLOTGATEDIST ANCEPAXFARE*Dallas/Fort Worth TX*Amarillo TX1.003NoYes5291.99$28,637$21,1123036732205711FreeFree 3127864$64.11*Atlanta GA*Baltimore/Wash Intl MD1.063NoNo5419.16$26,993$29,83835326577145897FreeFre e5768820$174.47*Boston MA*Baltimore/Wash Intl MD1.063NoNo9185.28$30,124$29,83857872937145897FreeFre e3646452$207.76ORDChicago IL*Baltimore/Wash Intl MD1.063NoYes2657.35$29,260$29,83878303327145897Control ledFree61225144$85.47MDWChicago IL*Baltimore/Wash Intl MD1.063NoYes2657.35$29,260$29,83878303327145897FreeFr ee61225144$85.47*Cleveland OH*Baltimore/Wash Intl MD1.013NoYes3408.11$26,046$29,83822309557145897FreeFr ee30913386$56.76*Dallas/Fort Worth TX*Baltimore/Wash Intl MD1.283NoNo6754.48$28,637$29,83830367327145897FreeFre e12204625$228.00*Fort Lauderdale FL*Baltimore/Wash Intl MD1.153YesYes5584.00$26,752$29,83814403777145897FreeFr ee9215512$116.54*Houston TX*Baltimore/Wash Intl MD1.333NoYes4662.44$27,211$29,83837701257145897FreeFr ee12497811$172.63*Kansas City MO*Baltimore/Wash Intl MD1.602NoYes2617.00$25,450$29,83816948037145897FreeFr ee9644657$114.76*Las Vegas NV*Baltimore/Wash Intl MD1.573YesYes1772.59$24,575$29,83811972347145897FreeFr ee21044489$158.20*Los Angeles CA*Baltimore/Wash Intl MD1.501NoYes3932.29$24,706$29,83890560767145897FreeFr ee23297349$228.99*Nashville TN*Baltimore/Wash Intl MD1.123NoYes4471.62$25,995$29,83811150487145897FreeFr ee5875654$79.17*New Orleans LA*Baltimore/Wash Intl MD1.293NoYes4356.12$22,038$29,83813084997145897FreeFr ee9923525$132.05JFKNew York/Newark NY*Baltimore/Wash Intl
  • 2. MD1.003NoNo2626.90$32,991$29,83886211217145897Controll edFree1817171$117.23LGANew York/Newark NY*Baltimore/Wash Intl MD1.003NoNo2626.90$32,991$29,83886211217145897Controll edFree1817171$117.23EWRNew York/Newark NY*Baltimore/Wash Intl MD1.003NoNo2626.90$32,991$29,83886211217145897FreeCon strained1817171$117.23*Orlando FL*Baltimore/Wash Intl MD1.133YesYes5706.76$22,360$29,83814212877145897FreeFr ee78811013$106.11*Phoenix AZ*Baltimore/Wash Intl MD1.863NoYes1230.48$23,025$29,83827533737145897FreeFr ee20014408$181.16*Salt Lake City UT*Baltimore/Wash Intl MD1.933NoYes2000.67$21,121$29,83812288167145897FreeFr ee18662767$157.50*San Diego CA*Baltimore/Wash Intl MD1.873NoYes1572.93$23,903$29,83826736207145897FreeFr ee22903170$200.20*San Francisco CA*Baltimore/Wash Intl MD1.523NoNo2967.59$38,813$29,83816530177145897FreeFre e24546417$246.85*St Louis MO*Baltimore/Wash Intl MD1.143NoYes4191.24$25,824$29,83825498447145897FreeFr ee72910264$99.70*Tampa FL*Baltimore/Wash Intl MD1.133YesYes5201.34$23,654$29,83821952157145897FreeFr ee8467082$106.77ORDChicago IL*Birmingham AL1.163NoYes3627.46$29,260$23,8587830332895414Controlle dFree5764138$113.50MDWChicago IL*Birmingham AL1.163NoYes3627.46$29,260$23,8587830332895414FreeFree 5764138$113.50*Seattle/Tacoma WA*Boise ID1.073NoYes5255.24$30,916$23,9012230831372606FreeFree4 035995$69.12*Atlanta GA*Boston MA1.253NoNo5736.34$26,993$30,12435326575787293FreeFre e93914005$210.00JFKNew York/Newark NY*Buffalo NY1.013NoNo4040.09$32,991$23,18486211211173217Controll edFree29112432$134.30LGANew York/Newark NY*Buffalo NY1.013NoNo4040.09$32,991$23,18486211211173217Controll edFree29112432$134.30EWRNew York/Newark NY*Buffalo
  • 3. NY1.013NoNo4040.09$32,991$23,18486211211173217FreeCon strained29112432$134.30JFKNew York/Newark NY*Charleston SC1.340NoNo2587.89$32,991$18,8518621121254153Controlle dFree6376003$118.95LGANew York/Newark NY*Charleston SC1.343NoNo2587.89$32,991$18,8518621121254153Controlle dFree6376003$118.95EWRNew York/Newark NY*Charleston SC1.341NoNo2587.89$32,991$18,8518621121254153FreeConst rained6376003$118.95*Atlanta GA*Charlotte NC1.013NoNo4435.92$26,993$25,23735326571318892FreeCon strained2277335$97.96*Boston MA*Charlotte NC1.253NoNo8589.17$30,124$25,23757872931318892FreeCon strained7223263$237.80ORDChicago IL*Charlotte NC1.163NoNo4523.31$29,260$25,23778303321318892Controll edConstrained5895153$234.15MDWChicago IL*Charlotte NC1.163NoNo4523.31$29,260$25,23778303321318892FreeCon strained5895153$234.15*Dallas/Fort Worth TX*Charlotte NC1.143NoNo4439.86$28,637$25,23730367321318892FreeCon strained9404493$203.17JFKNew York/Newark NY*Charlotte NC1.123NoNo8714.03$32,991$25,23786211211318892Controll edConstrained5399305$250.73LGANew York/Newark NY*Charlotte NC1.123NoNo8714.03$32,991$25,23786211211318892Controll edConstrained5399305$250.73EWRNew York/Newark NY*Charlotte NC1.123NoNo8714.03$32,991$25,23786211211318892FreeCon strained5399305$250.73*Atlanta GAORDChicago IL1.043NoNo2712.37$26,993$29,26035326577830332Controlle dFree59530877$106.60*Atlanta GAMDWChicago IL1.043NoNo2712.37$26,993$29,26035326577830332FreeFree 59530877$106.60*Austin TXORDChicago IL1.253NoYes4417.16$23,665$29,26010386607830332Controll edFree9744980$136.27*Austin TXMDWChicago IL1.253NoYes4417.16$23,665$29,26010386607830332FreeFree 9744980$136.27*Boston MAORDChicago
  • 4. IL1.151NoNo3977.23$30,124$29,26057872937830332Controlle dFree85420718$230.87*Boston MAMDWChicago IL1.153NoNo3977.23$30,124$29,26057872937830332FreeFree 85420718$230.87*Cincinnati OHORDChicago IL1.013NoNo3910.81$25,059$29,26015951397830332Controlle dConstrained2547069$180.56*Cincinnati OHMDWChicago IL1.010NoNo3910.81$25,059$29,26015951397830332FreeCons trained2547069$180.56*Atlanta GA*Cincinnati OH1.163NoNo9350.13$26,993$25,05935326571595139FreeCon strained3713892$215.83*Atlanta GA*Cleveland OH1.123NoNo4478.87$26,993$26,04635326572915745FreeFree 5614821$197.10ORDChicago IL*Cleveland OH1.013NoYes2800.91$29,260$26,04678303322915745Control ledFree31624405$69.10MDWChicago IL*Cleveland OH1.011NoYes2800.91$29,260$26,04678303322915745FreeFre e31624405$69.10*Dallas/Fort Worth TX*Colorado Springs CO1.063NoNo5110.54$28,637$22,2633036732472254FreeFree5 926098$91.83*Houston TX*Colorado Springs CO1.193NoNo4037.09$27,211$22,2633770125472254FreeFree8 174281$111.66*Las Vegas NV*Colorado Springs CO1.163YesNo3465.14$24,575$22,2631197234472254FreeFree 6028810$57.62*Los Angeles CA*Colorado Springs CO1.363NoNo4384.63$24,706$22,2639056076472254FreeFree8 335762$104.72JFKNew York/Newark NY*Colorado Springs CO1.363NoNo2421.04$32,991$22,2638621121472254Controlle dFree16365185$154.74LGANew York/Newark NY*Colorado Springs CO1.363NoNo2421.04$32,991$22,2638621121472254Controlle dFree16365185$154.74EWRNew York/Newark NY*Colorado Springs CO1.363NoNo2421.04$32,991$22,2638621121472254FreeConst rained16365185$154.74*Phoenix AZ*Colorado Springs CO1.093NoNo4351.31$23,025$22,2632753373472254FreeFree5 507599$77.98IADWashington DC*Colorado Springs CO1.683NoNo2661.53$31,981$22,2634549784472254FreeFree1
  • 5. 4764945$157.20DCAWashington DC*Colorado Springs CO1.683NoNo2661.53$31,981$22,2634549784472254Controlle dFree14764945$157.20*Atlanta GA*Columbus OH1.133NoNo5356.51$26,993$24,50235326571442203FreeFree 4456075$113.20*Boston MA*Columbus OH1.223NoNo3789.64$30,124$24,50257872931442203FreeFree 6334758$143.59ORDChicago IL*Columbus OH1.013NoYes2668.20$29,260$24,50278303321442203Control ledFree28614516$75.07MDWChicago IL*Columbus OH1.010NoYes2668.20$29,260$24,50278303321442203FreeFre e28614516$75.07*Albuquerque NM*Dallas/Fort Worth TX1.023NoYes5222.30$22,089$28,6376681593036732FreeFree 57310941$84.46*Atlanta GA*Dallas/Fort Worth TX1.053NoNo4624.90$26,993$28,63735326573036732FreeFree 73423075$113.99*Austin TX*Dallas/Fort Worth TX1.003NoYes5502.33$23,665$28,63710386603036732FreeFre e18418843$67.17*Boston MA*Dallas/Fort Worth TX1.193NoNo5605.06$30,124$28,63757872933036732FreeFree 15598756$320.37ORDChicago IL*Dallas/Fort Worth TX1.143NoNo6205.97$29,260$28,63778303323036732Controll edFree80520264$244.50MDWChicago IL*Dallas/Fort Worth TX1.143NoNo6205.97$29,260$28,63778303323036732FreeFree 80520264$244.50*Corpus Christi TX*Dallas/Fort Worth TX1.023NoYes4386.55$18,933$28,6373821553036732FreeFree 3545391$78.62*Atlanta GA*Denver CO1.233NoNo4202.66$26,993$29,05535326571862106FreeFree 12007621$210.90*Boston MA*Denver CO1.353NoNo6140.91$30,124$29,05557872931862106FreeFree 17555820$311.46ORDChicago IL*Denver CO1.083NoNo5792.28$29,260$29,05578303321862106Controll edFree90216263$174.06MDWChicago IL*Denver CO1.083NoNo5792.28$29,260$29,05578303321862106FreeFree 90216263$174.06*Dallas/Fort Worth TX*Denver CO1.063NoNo4157.61$28,637$29,05530367321862106FreeFree 63811298$155.81*Atlanta GA*Detroit
  • 6. MI1.053NoNo4312.95$26,993$26,50635326574459144FreeCon strained60012752$106.56*Boston MA*Detroit MI1.063NoNo8162.77$30,124$26,50657872934459144FreeCon strained61610358$110.42ORDChicago IL*Detroit MI1.003NoYes3059.78$29,260$26,50678303324459144Controll edConstrained23734113$74.28MDWChicago IL*Detroit MI1.003NoYes3059.78$29,260$26,50678303324459144FreeCon strained23734113$74.28*Dallas/Fort Worth TX*Detroit MI1.223NoNo4033.32$28,637$26,50630367324459144FreeCon strained10016401$245.28*Denver CO*Detroit MI1.213NoNo4213.71$29,055$26,50618621064459144FreeCon strained11393851$256.48*Dallas/Fort Worth TX*El Paso TX1.023NoYes5063.07$28,637$14,6003036732677757FreeFree 54810989$84.23*Atlanta GA*Fort Lauderdale FL1.023YesNo7032.27$26,993$26,75235326571440377FreeFre e57811425$105.10*Boston MA*Fort Lauderdale FL1.273YesNo2682.54$30,124$26,75257872931440377FreeFre e122910483$121.09ORDChicago IL*Fort Lauderdale FL1.153YesYes2482.76$29,260$26,75278303321440377Control ledFree116810117$153.95MDWChicago IL*Fort Lauderdale FL1.153YesYes2482.76$29,260$26,75278303321440377FreeFre e116810117$153.95*Dallas/Fort Worth TX*Fort Lauderdale FL1.163YesNo4677.03$28,637$26,75230367321440377FreeFre e11183402$207.84*Detroit MI*Fort Lauderdale FL1.173YesNo4681.68$26,506$26,75244591441440377FreeCon strained11286103$113.39*Boston MA*Fort Meyers FL1.473YesNo2565.52$30,124$26,7525787293379566FreeFree 12456390$126.62ORDChicago IL*Fort Meyers FL1.203YesNo3247.31$29,260$26,7527830332379566Controlle dFree11087196$136.68MDWChicago IL*Fort Meyers FL1.203YesNo3247.31$29,260$26,7527830332379566FreeFree 11087196$136.68*Detroit MI*Fort Meyers FL1.133YesNo4516.90$26,506$26,7524459144379566FreeCons trained10887049$108.15JFKNew York/Newark NY*Greensboro/High Pt
  • 7. NC1.073NoNo4840.48$32,991$24,3488621121111745Controlle dFree4577574$180.85LGANew York/Newark NY*Greensboro/High Pt NC1.073NoNo4840.48$32,991$24,3488621121111745Controlle dFree4577574$180.85EWRNew York/Newark NY*Greensboro/High Pt NC1.073NoNo4840.48$32,991$24,3488621121111745FreeConst rained4577574$180.85*Atlanta GA*Hartford CT1.343NoNo5137.41$26,993$30,26835326571106780FreeFree 8545806$175.81ORDChicago IL*Hartford CT1.133NoNo4146.13$29,260$30,26878303321106780Controll edFree7796614$240.88MDWChicago IL*Hartford CT1.133NoNo4146.13$29,260$30,26878303321106780FreeFree 7796614$240.88*Las Vegas NV*Honolulu (Intl) HI1.563YesNo3135.14$24,575$26,6811197234873131FreeFree2 7646462$183.19*Los Angeles CA*Honolulu (Intl) HI1.033YesNo1706.89$24,706$26,6819056076873131FreeFree2 55532824$167.16*San Francisco CA*Honolulu (Intl) HI1.043YesNo2447.14$38,813$26,6811653017873131FreeFree2 40119055$177.09*Seattle/Tacoma WA*Honolulu (Intl) HI1.293YesNo3333.11$30,916$26,6812230831873131FreeFree2 6796464$221.89*Atlanta GA*Houston TX1.193NoNo4468.80$26,993$27,21135326573770125FreeFree 7017201$233.16*Austin TX*Houston TX1.003NoYes6269.39$23,665$27,21110386603770125FreeFre e1389874$67.10*Boston MA*Houston TX1.413NoNo5497.26$30,124$27,21157872933770125FreeFree 16054272$349.97ORDChicago IL*Houston TX1.093NoYes2572.42$29,260$27,21178303323770125Control ledFree93916868$139.56MDWChicago IL*Houston TX1.093NoYes2572.42$29,260$27,21178303323770125FreeFre e93916868$139.56*Cleveland OH*Houston TX1.313NoYes6172.95$26,046$27,21122309553770125FreeFre e11174057$191.63*Corpus Christi TX*Houston TX1.003NoYes5826.14$18,933$27,2113821553770125FreeFree 1845312$65.31*Dallas/Fort Worth TX*Houston
  • 8. TX1.003NoYes4992.63$28,637$27,21130367323770125FreeFre e23454429$67.78*Denver CO*Houston TX1.143NoNo4103.10$29,055$27,21118621063770125FreeFree 8665860$204.68*Detroit MI*Houston TX1.193NoYes3649.80$26,506$27,21144591443770125FreeCo nstrained11024660$177.22*Atlanta GA*Indianapolis IN1.123NoNo5180.13$26,993$25,47535326571489247FreeFree 4305378$109.78ORDChicago IL*Indianapolis IN1.003NoYes3702.18$29,260$25,47578303321489247Controll edFree1679355$62.63MDWChicago IL*Indianapolis IN1.000NoYes3702.18$29,260$25,47578303321489247FreeFree 1679355$62.63*Detroit MI*Indianapolis IN1.113NoYes8437.67$26,506$25,47544591441489247FreeCon strained2414790$169.58*Fort Meyers FL*Indianapolis IN1.213YesNo6134.26$24,510$25,4753795661489247FreeFree9 433624$105.73*Las Vegas NV*Indianapolis IN1.343YesNo2883.65$24,575$25,47511972341489247FreeFree 15887406$114.13*Los Angeles CA*Indianapolis IN1.523NoNo1787.71$24,706$25,47590560761489247FreeFree 18155869$153.50JFKNew York/Newark NY*Indianapolis IN1.270NoNo3543.34$32,991$25,47586211211489247Controlle dFree6577109$195.64LGANew York/Newark NY*Indianapolis IN1.273NoNo3543.34$32,991$25,47586211211489247Controlle dFree6577109$195.64EWRNew York/Newark NY*Indianapolis IN1.273NoNo3543.34$32,991$25,47586211211489247FreeCons trained6577109$195.64*Orlando FL*Indianapolis IN1.243YesYes3009.48$22,360$25,47514212871489247FreeFre e8287675$97.36*Phoenix AZ*Indianapolis IN1.273NoYes3446.75$23,025$25,47527533731489247FreeFree 14915100$138.08*San Francisco CA*Indianapolis IN1.713NoNo1892.37$38,813$25,47516530171489247FreeFree 19413814$157.45*Tampa FL*Indianapolis IN1.283YesYes3076.53$23,654$25,47521952151489247FreeFre e8445160$99.43*Atlanta GA*Jacksonville
  • 9. FL1.003YesNo5963.75$26,993$23,61435326571008768FreeFre e2808571$87.59ORDChicago IL*Jacksonville FL1.453YesNo3198.81$29,260$23,61478303321008768Controll edFree8653789$158.63MDWChicago IL*Jacksonville FL1.453YesNo3198.81$29,260$23,61478303321008768FreeFre e8653789$158.63*Fort Lauderdale FL*Jacksonville FL1.013YesNo3305.70$26,752$23,61414403771008768FreeFre e3031859$114.93*Atlanta GA*Kansas City MO1.110NoNo6722.01$26,993$25,45035326571694803FreeFre e6856426$116.18ORDChicago IL*Kansas City MO1.043NoYes3296.05$29,260$25,45078303321694803Control ledFree40720529$75.71MDWChicago IL*Kansas City MO1.040NoYes3296.05$29,260$25,45078303321694803FreeFr ee40720529$75.71*Dallas/Fort Worth TX*Kansas City MO1.203NoNo7520.09$28,637$25,45030367321694803FreeFre e4589381$116.57*Denver CO*Kansas City MO1.023NoNo5505.79$29,055$25,45018621061694803FreeFre e5417679$110.25*Detroit MI*Kansas City MO1.313NoYes5569.75$26,506$25,45044591441694803FreeCo nstrained6394987$123.27*Houston TX*Kansas City MO1.082NoYes4343.85$27,211$25,45037701251694803FreeFr ee6524649$127.78*Las Vegas NV*Kansas City MO1.390YesYes2844.24$24,575$25,45011972341694803FreeFr ee11408309$78.24*Los Angeles CA*Kansas City MO1.312NoYes1843.52$24,706$25,45090560761694803FreeFr ee13657959$116.00*Albuquerque NM*Las Vegas NV1.080YesYes7641.73$22,089$24,5756681591197234FreeFre e4797170$72.43*Atlanta GA*Las Vegas NV1.443YesNo4112.44$26,993$24,57535326571197234FreeFre e17447881$143.62*Austin TX*Las Vegas NV1.353YesYes3757.25$23,665$24,57510386601197234FreeFr ee10875738$80.31*Boston MA*Las Vegas NV1.493YesNo1833.95$30,124$24,57557872931197234FreeFre e237210235$133.35*Burbank CA*Las Vegas NV1.003YesYes9592.99$24,706$24,57590560761197234FreeFr ee22616845$52.92ORDChicago IL*Las Vegas
  • 10. NV1.153YesYes2044.21$29,260$24,57578303321197234Contro lledFree151923739$123.74MDWChicago IL*Las Vegas NV1.153YesYes2044.21$29,260$24,57578303321197234FreeFr ee151923739$123.74*Cleveland OH*Las Vegas NV1.360YesYes4070.45$26,046$24,57522309551197234FreeFr ee18314543$159.12*Columbus OH*Las Vegas NV1.423YesNo4956.58$24,502$24,5751257221197234FreeFree 17697231$115.84*Dallas/Fort Worth TX*Las Vegas NV1.163YesNo4446.51$28,637$24,57530367321197234FreeFre e10526986$164.88*Denver CO*Las Vegas NV1.133YesNo3760.10$29,055$24,57518621061197234FreeFre e61810206$89.47*Detroit MI*Las Vegas NV1.193YesNo5307.27$26,506$24,57544591441197234FreeCo nstrained17566675$163.78*Houston TX*Las Vegas NV1.183YesYes3690.13$27,211$24,57537701251197234FreeFr ee12229632$112.99*Los Angeles CA*Las Vegas NV1.000YesYes2522.01$24,706$24,57590560761197234FreeFr ee23851358$55.57*Los Angeles CA*Las Vegas NV1.000YesYes2522.01$24,706$24,57590560761197234FreeFr ee23851358$55.57*Dallas/Fort Worth TX*Little Rock AR1.003NoYes5293.05$28,637$22,7263036732547633FreeFree 30810451$59.77*Albuquerque NM*Los Angeles CA1.093NoYes4935.72$22,089$24,7066681599056076FreeFree 67311980$76.79*Atlanta GA*Los Angeles CA1.383NoNo5465.98$26,993$24,70635326579056076FreeFree 194613365$225.56*Boston MA*Los Angeles CA1.353NoNo2902.44$30,124$24,70657872939056076FreeFree 260514737$301.79ORDChicago IL*Los Angeles CA1.193NoNo3413.42$29,260$24,70678303329056076Controll edFree175129771$233.78MDWChicago IL*Los Angeles CA1.193NoNo3413.42$29,260$24,70678303329056076FreeFree 175129771$233.78*Cleveland OH*Los Angeles CA1.563NoNo3300.08$26,046$24,70622309559056076FreeFree 20624531$231.97*Columbus OH*Los Angeles CA1.923NoNo1550.16$24,502$24,7061257229056076FreeFree1 9963542$179.23*Dallas/Fort Worth TX*Los Angeles
  • 11. CA1.203NoNo5976.02$28,637$24,70630367329056076FreeFree 12349746$272.06*Denver CO*Los Angeles CA1.103NoNo6589.49$29,055$24,70618621069056076FreeFree 85420889$129.80*Detroit MI*Los Angeles CA1.523NoNo4289.78$26,506$24,70644591449056076FreeCon strained19886758$295.49*Fort Lauderdale FL*Los Angeles CA1.273YesNo3472.17$26,752$24,70614403779056076FreeFre e23414719$193.50*Houston TX*Los Angeles CA1.273NoYes3942.83$27,211$24,70637701259056076FreeFre e137911760$195.28*Atlanta GA*Louisville KY1.043NoNo5450.85$26,993$24,3073532657989164FreeFree3 204562$101.68*Baltimore/Wash Intl MD*Louisville KY1.133NoYes4655.18$29,838$24,30729838989164FreeFree49 56218$60.26ORDChicago IL*Louisville KY1.023NoYes4109.87$29,260$24,3077830332989164Controll edFree2768793$68.06MDWChicago IL*Louisville KY1.023NoYes4109.87$29,260$24,3077830332989164FreeFree 2768793$68.06*Dallas/Fort Worth TX*Lubbock TX1.003NoYes6337.20$28,637$20,9803036732231325FreeFree 2839446$60.87*Atlanta GA*Memphis TN1.013NoNo4988.83$26,993$24,72535326571074558FreeFree 33110255$70.62*Atlanta GA*Miami FL1.011YesNo4343.35$26,993$21,20735326572105604FreeFre e59514119$97.93*Boston MA*Miami FL1.243YesNo4133.35$30,124$21,20757872932105604FreeFre e12597322$158.50ORDChicago IL*Miami FL1.153YesNo3947.24$29,260$21,20778303322105604Controll edFree118710671$168.92MDWChicago IL*Miami FL1.150YesNo3947.24$29,260$21,20778303322105604FreeFre e118710671$168.92*Dallas/Fort Worth TX*Miami FL1.163YesNo5772.86$28,637$21,20730367322105604FreeFre e11164613$185.11*Detroit MI*Miami FL1.173YesNo6140.53$26,506$21,20744591442105604FreeCon strained11515064$133.98*Los Angeles CA*Miami FL1.213YesNo4567.20$24,706$21,20790560762105604FreeFre e233611193$207.83*Las Vegas NV*Milwaukee
  • 12. WI1.423YesNo2796.60$24,575$26,69511972341646147FreeFre e15212963$146.36JFKNew York/Newark NY*Milwaukee WI1.293NoNo6108.57$32,991$26,69586211211646147Controll edFree7366590$190.09LGANew York/Newark NY*Milwaukee WI1.293NoNo6108.57$32,991$26,69586211211646147Controll edFree7366590$190.09EWRNew York/Newark NY*Milwaukee WI1.291NoNo6108.57$32,991$26,69586211211646147FreeCon strained7366590$190.09*Orlando FL*Milwaukee WI1.493YesNo2985.42$22,360$26,69514212871646147FreeFre e10666935$104.87*Phoenix AZ*Milwaukee WI1.363NoNo3146.68$23,025$26,69527533731646147FreeFree 14614879$154.06*Atlanta GA*Minneapolis/St Paul MN1.173NoNo4317.66$26,993$28,73935326572761118FreeCon strained9045578$269.43*Boston MA*Minneapolis/St Paul MN1.183NoNo7702.88$30,124$28,73957872932761118FreeCon strained11147276$258.85ORDChicago IL*Minneapolis/St Paul MN1.013NoNo3911.17$29,260$28,73978303322761118Controll edConstrained34229137$156.93MDWChicago IL*Minneapolis/St Paul MN1.013NoNo3911.17$29,260$28,73978303322761118FreeCon strained34229137$156.93*Dallas/Fort Worth TX*Minneapolis/St Paul MN1.103NoNo4540.30$28,637$28,73930367322761118FreeCon strained8576621$230.71*Denver CO*Minneapolis/St Paul MN1.023NoNo4347.48$29,055$28,73918621062761118FreeCon strained69310147$133.50*Detroit MI*Minneapolis/St Paul MN1.143NoNo9249.13$26,506$28,73944591442761118FreeCon strained5305389$286.54*Kansas City MO*Minneapolis/St Paul MN1.193NoNo7958.31$25,450$28,73916948032761118FreeCon
  • 13. strained4013733$232.55*Las Vegas NV*Minneapolis/St Paul MN1.133YesNo6172.12$24,575$28,73911972342761118FreeCo nstrained13014353$171.67*Los Angeles CA*Minneapolis/St Paul MN1.243NoNo6166.10$24,706$28,73990560762761118FreeCon strained15397749$246.10ORDChicago IL*Nashville TN1.023NoYes3463.96$29,260$25,99578303321115048Control ledFree40110902$84.21MDWChicago IL*Nashville TN1.023NoYes3463.96$29,260$25,99578303321115048FreeFre e40110902$84.21*Dallas/Fort Worth TX*Nashville TN1.103NoNo7138.34$28,637$25,99530367321115048FreeFree 6344632$181.99*Detroit MI*Nashville TN1.162NoYes7746.63$26,506$25,99544591441115048FreeCo nstrained4666143$166.25*Houston TX*Nashville TN1.083NoYes4722.17$27,211$25,99537701251115048FreeFre e6715772$107.86*Los Angeles CA*Nashville TN1.572NoYes3106.38$24,706$25,99590560761115048FreeFre e17984462$181.02JFKNew York/Newark NY*Nashville TN1.263NoNo3647.27$32,991$25,99586211211115048Controll edFree7607387$215.01LGANew York/Newark NY*Nashville TN1.263NoNo3647.27$32,991$25,99586211211115048Controll edFree7607387$215.01EWRNew York/Newark NY*Nashville TN1.263NoNo3647.27$32,991$25,99586211211115048FreeCon strained7607387$215.01*Orlando FL*Nashville TN1.171YesYes2173.45$22,360$25,99514212871115048FreeFr ee6156224$87.80*Atlanta GA*New Orleans LA1.023NoNo6269.75$26,993$22,03835326571308499FreeFree 4197796$120.70ORDChicago IL*New Orleans LA1.203NoYes2621.01$29,260$22,03878303321308499Control ledFree8298356$132.85MDWChicago IL*New Orleans LA1.203NoYes2621.01$29,260$22,03878303321308499FreeFre e8298356$132.85*Dallas/Fort Worth TX*New Orleans LA1.053NoYes4060.65$28,637$22,03830367321308499FreeFre e45512717$84.53*Houston TX*New Orleans LA1.013NoYes5117.49$27,211$22,03837701251308499FreeFre
  • 14. e31919894$76.81*Los Angeles CA*New Orleans LA1.433NoYes2605.05$24,706$22,03890560761308499FreeFre e16785559$202.00*Albuquerque NMJFKNew York/Newark NY1.923NoNo1940.17$22,089$32,9916681598621121Controlle dFree18224002$208.79*Albuquerque NMLGANew York/Newark NY1.923NoNo1940.17$22,089$32,9916681598621121Controlle dFree18224002$208.79*Albuquerque NMEWR… The Paramedic Method “An evaluation of the effect of Class C fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) on the properties of ternary mixtures for use in concrete pavements was undertaken and is presented in this paper.” This sentence is difficult to read for several reasons: readers have to wade through 26 words and an acronym before they get to the sentence’s main verb, it uses the passive voice, and it has 7 prepositional phrases. How can we fix sentences like this one? The paramedic method! Developed by Richard Lanham, the paramedic method is a set of clear steps for analyzing and revising wordy sentences. Writers use the paramedic method to improve clarity and readability so that they communicate concisely and effectively. Basically, the paramedic method helps make confusing syntax comprehensible.
  • 15. 1) Underline the prepositional phrases in the sentence. (Prepositions are words that indicate relationships between nouns and pronouns. Words like at, in, on, of, to, about, around, below, above, from, into, near, since, through, against, after, and outside are prepositions.) An evaluation of the effect of Class C fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) on the properties of ternary mixtures for use in concrete pavements was undertaken and is presented in this paper. 2) Circle the ‘to be’ (am, is, are, was, were) verbs. An evaluation of the effect of Class C fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) on the properties of ternary mixtures for use in concrete pavements was undertaken and is presented in this paper. 3) Put a box around nominalizations and (thus) identify the primary action. Nominalization are words that have been changed from adjectives or verbs into nouns
  • 16. An evaluation of the effect of Class C fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) on the properties of ternary mixtures for use in concrete pavements was undertaken and is presented in this paper. 4) Write the nominalization/primary action as a simple verb. Our example sentence has one nominalization that could potentially serve as the primary verb: evaluation. When we transform the nominalization, evaluation becomes evaluate or evaluates. 5) Ask, “Who or what performs the action?” Then write the new base clause with the agent in the subject position. Use the simple verb form from step 4. “…for use in concrete pavements is presented in this paper.” (agent) becomes This paper evaluates . . . (agent) (action)
  • 17. David Blakesley Oval David Blakesley Oval David Blakesley Oval David Blakesley Oval David Blakesley Rectangle David Blakesley Rectangle Paramedic Method 2 6) Keep the base clause near the beginning of the sentence, if possible. 7) Eliminate unnecessary words and phrases. Your final product should look something like this:
  • 18. This paper evaluates the effect of Class C fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) on the properties of ternary mixtures in concrete pavements. (26 words) The paramedic method has helped us reduce our sentence to 26 words from 36, a 28 percent reduction. That means that 28 percent of our original sentence was excess (Lanham calls it “lard content”). If you apply the paramedic method to all of your sentences, your writing can’t help but be clearer and more concise. Sentences for practice: 1) As a means of providing scientists with appropriate tertiary data, the conference is intended to serve as a communication medium for everyone involved in the manipulation and dissemination of research findings. 2) The decision by the managers was that the committee for road improvement would cease its activity for the duration of the term. 3) From the beginning, the writing of this research article was marked by reluctance.
  • 19. The final two steps are generally done together as you re-draft the sentence. Don’t be afraid to rewrite the clause a couple of times if your first revision doesn’t sound quite right. The data in the accompanying file Airline Data.xlsx was assembled by Professor Robert Windle of the Smith School with assistance from Oliver Yao. You may be familiar with this data from earlier classes! The file contains information on 638 air routes in the United States. A route refers to a pair of airports. Note that some cities are served by more than one airport. In such cases, the airports are distinguished by their 3-letter code. The data was collected for the third quarter of 1996 (3Q96). The variables in the data set are: 1. S_CODE: starting airport’s code 2. S_CITY: starting city 3. E_CODE: ending airport’s code 4. E_CITY: ending city 5. COUPON: average number of coupons (a one-coupon flight is a non-stop flight, a two-coupon flight is a one-stop flight, etc.) for that route 6. NEW: number of new carriers entering that route between Q3-96 and Q2-97 7. VACATION: whether a vacation route (Yes) or not (No); Florida and Las Vegas routes are generally considered vacation routes 8. SW: whether Southwest Airlines serves that route (Yes) or not (No)
  • 20. 9. HI: Herfindel Index – airlines use this as a measure of market concentration 10. S_INCOME: starting city’s average personal income 11. E_INCOME: ending city’s average personal income 12. S_POP: starting city’s population 13. E_POP: ending city’s population 14. SLOT: whether either endpoint airport is slot controlled or not; this is a measure of airport congestion 15. GATE: whether either endpoint airport has gate constraints or not; this is another measure of airport congestion 16. DISTANCE: distance between two endpoint airports in miles 17. PAX: number of passengers on that route during period of data collection 18. FARE: average fare on that route The Assignment The goal is to predict the FARE as a function of the other variables. Please answer all questions. Supply supporting documentation and show calculations as needed (for example for the RMSE you may want to include a picture of the error measures from the Excel output). Please submit a single well- formatted PDF or Word file. The instructor should not need to go searching for your answers! You should also upload an Excel file as supporting information . Note that the detailed instructions refer to Analytical Solver Data Mining – you are however free to use any other software. 1. Data Exploration & Visualization a) Using the graphical capabilities of ASDM (or the software of your choice) provide a single plot that captures some aspects of the data. Include the plot as a clearly marked Exhibit. b) What do you observe from the plot? How could your observation influence your regression model (or why would it not)? 2. Fitting a linear regression model
  • 21. a) Using the data analysis menu, create dummy variables for variables VACATION, SW, GATE, and SLOT (select “Transform” – “Transform categorical data …” – “Create Dummies”). Using the resulting new data set, randomly partition the data into 70% training and 30% validation (select “Partition” – “Standard Partition”). Run a multivariable regression (select “Predict” – “Linear Regression”), with all numerical variables and the appropriate dummies as independent variables. Provide a summary of the model (that includes the values of the regression coefficients) or otherwise include it as a clearly marked Exhibit. b) What is the resulting RMSE on the training data? c) On the validation data? d) From your model, how would you quantify the effects of GATE on the predicted FARE? Please be precise in your interpretation, thinking back to your earlier data analysis class. e) What is the predicted fare of a leg that has COUPON = 1, NEW = 3, VACATION = No, SW = No, HI = 6000, S_income = $25000, E_income = $30000, S_POP = 4,000,000, E_POP=7,150,000, SLOT = Free and GATE = constrained, DISTANCE = 1000, and PAX = 6000? 3. Variable Selection Experiment with variable selection methods (feel free to take advantage of the how-to tutorials in the resource center that will take you through the key steps). Note: You may want to change the FIN and FOUT settings in order to view more model choices. Set FOUT higher and FIN lower as needed. You may want to refer to pages 143-152 in the book, which
  • 22. apply variable selection to the Toyota example and highlight how to interpret the model measures such as Adjusted R2 and Cp. a) From your experiments – pick a model to run as your final regression model. b) Provide a summary of the model or otherwise include it as a clearly marked Exhibit. c) Why did you select this particular model? Please provide quantitative reasoning. d) What is the resulting RMSE on the training data? e) On the validation data? 4. Adding an interaction term A senior consultant in the airline industry has indicated that the presence of Southwest on vacation routes has significantly been driving prices down on these legs, beyond other routes. Add this domain knowledge to your regression model from c) by creating an interaction variable (refer back to your notes on interaction variables from your data analysis class) and rerunning the linear regression model. Note: You need to go back to your “Encoding” worksheet and manually add a column that is SW_yes * Vacation_Yes (in the Z-column). You then need to repartition your data, and make sure to expand the data selection to include the new variable in the Z-column. a) Did your error measures improve? b) How would you quantify the effect of SW on the fare on vacation routes vs. non-vacation routes (using your model)? Does the data support the consultant’s claim? HINT: Carefully think about which variables determine the fare on each type of
  • 23. route (your have both vacation and non-vacation routes, and for each type, some routes are served by SW and some are not).