The document outlines a data collection plan for an environmental design project studying chlorine levels in drinking water in Lindsay, Ontario. The plan aims to collect 40 water samples from 4 quadrants of the city to determine if chlorine concentrations decrease the further the sampling sites are from the water treatment plant. Materials needed for sampling and testing are listed. A stratified random sampling method will be used targeting 5 samples from each quadrant. GPS data will be collected to map sampling locations. The schedule and questions for a team meeting are also included.
Presentation from the Livestock Inter-Agency Donor Group (IADG) Meeting 2010. 4-5 May 2010 Italy, Rome IFAD Headquarters.
The event involved approximately 45 representatives from the international partner agencies to discuss critical needs for livestock development and research issues for the coming decade.
[ Originally posted on http://www.cop-ppld.net/cop_knowledge_base ]
Road Salt - Moving Toward the Solution - Resources for Healthy Children www.scribd.com/doc/254613619 - For more information, Please see Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children www.scribd.com/doc/254613963 - Gardening with Volcanic Rock Dust www.scribd.com/doc/254613846 - Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech www.scribd.com/doc/254613765 - Free School Gardening Art Posters www.scribd.com/doc/254613694 - Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden www.scribd.com/doc/254609890 - Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success www.scribd.com/doc/254613619 - City Chickens for your Organic School Garden www.scribd.com/doc/254613553 - Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica www.scribd.com/doc/254613494 - Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide www.scribd.com/doc/254613410 - Free Organic Gardening Publications www.scribd.com/doc/254609890 ~
Presentation from the Livestock Inter-Agency Donor Group (IADG) Meeting 2010. 4-5 May 2010 Italy, Rome IFAD Headquarters.
The event involved approximately 45 representatives from the international partner agencies to discuss critical needs for livestock development and research issues for the coming decade.
[ Originally posted on http://www.cop-ppld.net/cop_knowledge_base ]
Road Salt - Moving Toward the Solution - Resources for Healthy Children www.scribd.com/doc/254613619 - For more information, Please see Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children www.scribd.com/doc/254613963 - Gardening with Volcanic Rock Dust www.scribd.com/doc/254613846 - Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech www.scribd.com/doc/254613765 - Free School Gardening Art Posters www.scribd.com/doc/254613694 - Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden www.scribd.com/doc/254609890 - Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success www.scribd.com/doc/254613619 - City Chickens for your Organic School Garden www.scribd.com/doc/254613553 - Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica www.scribd.com/doc/254613494 - Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide www.scribd.com/doc/254613410 - Free Organic Gardening Publications www.scribd.com/doc/254609890 ~
An Assessment on Drinking Water Quality and Management in Kakamega Municipalitypaperpublications3
Abstract: Drinking water must be free from components which may adversely affect the human health. Such components include minerals, organic substances and disease causing microorganisms. A large portion of the population in urban areas in developing countries suffers from health problems associated with either lack of drinking water or due to the presence of microbiological contamination in water. This research was conducted in Kakamega municipality with a broad objective to conduct assessment of water quality and management in Kakamega municipality. The Specific objective was to determine the chemical water quality parameters in water and to evaluate the management practices on water in Kakamega municipality. Four water quality parameters; two physical and two chemical were tested from the samples collected for this research work. Sampling technique was purposive where water samples from water sources and distribution points in densely populated areas of Kakamega municipality were taken. Data collection instruments that were used included sterilized bottles to collect water, delivery to the laboratory within six (6) hours of collection for reliable results and data quality control was achieved through immediate entry in the pre-designed data form. According to the results pH values at all the sources and house connections are well within the WHO desirable limit of 6.50-8.0. The sample from Sichirai had a pH of 7.8 that was the highest as compared to an Isiukhu river that had 6.6 pH. The samples from Isiukhu river, Savona Island River, fishpond at bridge and Shikhambi spring showed more than 5 NTU. The researchers recommended for water surveillance in Kakamega municipality in order to ensure consumers have safe water free from agricultural and industrial chemical pollution.
Connect how salt practices in the Hudson River watershed impact the salinity of local streams.
Session from a management-based forum hosted by the Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies about the impact of road salt on natural areas and drinking water supplies, with a focus on successful salt reduction strategies being used regionally and nationally. Presenter: Eli Dueker, Assistant Professor of Biology and Environmental and Urban Studies, Bard College.
Key factors, trends, and triggers in declining outdoor water demand in ArizonaEMA-tucson
Analysis of factors affecting outdoor water demand in Pima and Maricopa Counties, Arizona, presented by Gary Woodard, Water Policy & Economics Consultant, with Montgomery & Associates (www.elmontgomery.com)
Presented by Aidan Senzanje (ARC/LNR) at the International Forum on Water and Food (IFWF), South Africa, 14-17 November 2011.
The International Forum on Water and Food (IFWF) is the premier gathering of water and food scientists working on improving water management for agricultural production in developing countries.
This is a letter I wrote to the mayor of Athens-Clarke County. I conducted research on the quality of the water in Lake Herrick through a series of tests, analyzed the quality based on my results, and proposed solutions for improvements to the mayor.
An Assessment on Drinking Water Quality and Management in Kakamega Municipalitypaperpublications3
Abstract: Drinking water must be free from components which may adversely affect the human health. Such components include minerals, organic substances and disease causing microorganisms. A large portion of the population in urban areas in developing countries suffers from health problems associated with either lack of drinking water or due to the presence of microbiological contamination in water. This research was conducted in Kakamega municipality with a broad objective to conduct assessment of water quality and management in Kakamega municipality. The Specific objective was to determine the chemical water quality parameters in water and to evaluate the management practices on water in Kakamega municipality. Four water quality parameters; two physical and two chemical were tested from the samples collected for this research work. Sampling technique was purposive where water samples from water sources and distribution points in densely populated areas of Kakamega municipality were taken. Data collection instruments that were used included sterilized bottles to collect water, delivery to the laboratory within six (6) hours of collection for reliable results and data quality control was achieved through immediate entry in the pre-designed data form. According to the results pH values at all the sources and house connections are well within the WHO desirable limit of 6.50-8.0. The sample from Sichirai had a pH of 7.8 that was the highest as compared to an Isiukhu river that had 6.6 pH. The samples from Isiukhu river, Savona Island River, fishpond at bridge and Shikhambi spring showed more than 5 NTU. The researchers recommended for water surveillance in Kakamega municipality in order to ensure consumers have safe water free from agricultural and industrial chemical pollution.
Connect how salt practices in the Hudson River watershed impact the salinity of local streams.
Session from a management-based forum hosted by the Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies about the impact of road salt on natural areas and drinking water supplies, with a focus on successful salt reduction strategies being used regionally and nationally. Presenter: Eli Dueker, Assistant Professor of Biology and Environmental and Urban Studies, Bard College.
Key factors, trends, and triggers in declining outdoor water demand in ArizonaEMA-tucson
Analysis of factors affecting outdoor water demand in Pima and Maricopa Counties, Arizona, presented by Gary Woodard, Water Policy & Economics Consultant, with Montgomery & Associates (www.elmontgomery.com)
Presented by Aidan Senzanje (ARC/LNR) at the International Forum on Water and Food (IFWF), South Africa, 14-17 November 2011.
The International Forum on Water and Food (IFWF) is the premier gathering of water and food scientists working on improving water management for agricultural production in developing countries.
This is a letter I wrote to the mayor of Athens-Clarke County. I conducted research on the quality of the water in Lake Herrick through a series of tests, analyzed the quality based on my results, and proposed solutions for improvements to the mayor.
This is a presentation given at a stakeholder meeting to discuss community views of watershed management in the Wappinger Creek Watershed in the Hudson Valley, New York, May 2010.
Elevated Blood Lead Levels in Children AssociatedWith the Fl.docxgidmanmary
Elevated Blood Lead Levels in Children Associated
With the Flint Drinking Water Crisis: A Spatial
Analysis of Risk and Public Health Response
Mona Hanna-Attisha, MD, MPH, Jenny LaChance, MS, Richard Casey Sadler, PhD, and Allison Champney Schnepp, MD
Objectives. We analyzed differences in pediatric elevated blood lead level incidence
before and after Flint, Michigan, introduced a more corrosive water source into an aging
water system without adequate corrosion control.
Methods. We reviewed blood lead levels for children younger than 5 years before
(2013) and after (2015) water source change in Greater Flint, Michigan. We assessed the
percentage of elevated blood lead levels in both time periods, and identified geo-
graphical locations through spatial analysis.
Results. Incidence of elevated blood lead levels increased from 2.4% to 4.9% (P < .05)
after water source change, and neighborhoods with the highest water lead levels ex-
perienced a 6.6% increase. No significant change was seen outside the city. Geospatial
analysis identified disadvantaged neighborhoods as having the greatest elevated blood
lead level increases and informed response prioritization during the now-declared public
health emergency.
Conclusions. The percentage of children with elevated blood lead levels increased
after water source change, particularly in socioeconomically disadvantaged neighbor-
hoods. Water is a growing source of childhood lead exposure because of aging infra-
structure. (Am J Public Health. 2016;106:283–290. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2015.303003)
See also Rosner, p. 200.
In April 2014, the postindustrial city ofFlint, Michigan, under state-appointed
emergency management, changed its water
supply from Detroit-supplied Lake Huron
water to the Flint River as a temporary
measure, awaiting a new pipeline to Lake
Huron in 2016. Intended to save money, the
change in source water severed a half-
century relationship with the Detroit Water
and Sewage Department. Shortly after the
switch to Flint River water, residents voiced
concerns regarding water color, taste, and
odor, and various health complaints in-
cluding skin rashes.1 Bacteria, including
Escherichia coli, were detected in the distri-
bution system, resulting in Safe Drinking
Water Act violations.2 Additional disinfec-
tion to control bacteria spurred formation of
disinfection byproducts including total tri-
halomethanes, resulting in Safe Drinking
Water Act violations for trihalomethane
levels.2
Water from the Detroit Water and
Sewage Department had very low corrosivity
for lead as indicated by low chloride, low
chloride-to-sulfate mass ratio, and presence
of an orthophosphate corrosion inhibitor.3,4
By contrast, Flint River water had high
chloride, high chloride-to-sulfate mass ratio,
and no corrosion inhibitor.5 Switching
from Detroit’s Lake Huron to Flint River
water created a perfect storm for lead leach-
ing into drinking water.6 The aging Flint
water distribution system contains a hig ...
Elevated Blood Lead Levels in Children AssociatedWith the Fl.docxtoltonkendal
Elevated Blood Lead Levels in Children Associated
With the Flint Drinking Water Crisis: A Spatial
Analysis of Risk and Public Health Response
Mona Hanna-Attisha, MD, MPH, Jenny LaChance, MS, Richard Casey Sadler, PhD, and Allison Champney Schnepp, MD
Objectives. We analyzed differences in pediatric elevated blood lead level incidence
before and after Flint, Michigan, introduced a more corrosive water source into an aging
water system without adequate corrosion control.
Methods. We reviewed blood lead levels for children younger than 5 years before
(2013) and after (2015) water source change in Greater Flint, Michigan. We assessed the
percentage of elevated blood lead levels in both time periods, and identified geo-
graphical locations through spatial analysis.
Results. Incidence of elevated blood lead levels increased from 2.4% to 4.9% (P < .05)
after water source change, and neighborhoods with the highest water lead levels ex-
perienced a 6.6% increase. No significant change was seen outside the city. Geospatial
analysis identified disadvantaged neighborhoods as having the greatest elevated blood
lead level increases and informed response prioritization during the now-declared public
health emergency.
Conclusions. The percentage of children with elevated blood lead levels increased
after water source change, particularly in socioeconomically disadvantaged neighbor-
hoods. Water is a growing source of childhood lead exposure because of aging infra-
structure. (Am J Public Health. 2016;106:283–290. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2015.303003)
See also Rosner, p. 200.
In April 2014, the postindustrial city ofFlint, Michigan, under state-appointed
emergency management, changed its water
supply from Detroit-supplied Lake Huron
water to the Flint River as a temporary
measure, awaiting a new pipeline to Lake
Huron in 2016. Intended to save money, the
change in source water severed a half-
century relationship with the Detroit Water
and Sewage Department. Shortly after the
switch to Flint River water, residents voiced
concerns regarding water color, taste, and
odor, and various health complaints in-
cluding skin rashes.1 Bacteria, including
Escherichia coli, were detected in the distri-
bution system, resulting in Safe Drinking
Water Act violations.2 Additional disinfec-
tion to control bacteria spurred formation of
disinfection byproducts including total tri-
halomethanes, resulting in Safe Drinking
Water Act violations for trihalomethane
levels.2
Water from the Detroit Water and
Sewage Department had very low corrosivity
for lead as indicated by low chloride, low
chloride-to-sulfate mass ratio, and presence
of an orthophosphate corrosion inhibitor.3,4
By contrast, Flint River water had high
chloride, high chloride-to-sulfate mass ratio,
and no corrosion inhibitor.5 Switching
from Detroit’s Lake Huron to Flint River
water created a perfect storm for lead leach-
ing into drinking water.6 The aging Flint
water distribution system contains a hig.
Physical and chemical analysis of water samples in the Salt Creek Watershed. The project involved analysis of water samples from 31 different sites in the Salt Creek Watershed over a 3 month period to help determine the impact cover crops, stream embankment restoration, and exclusion fencing work had on overall water quality of the watershed.
1
Martinez
Guadalupe Martinez
11/19/19
Environmental Science
Prof. Foreman
Case Study
Recently, there have been several complaints concerning high levels of lead in American water, specifically in the City of Newark, New Jersey. The residents of Newark City have opted to use bottled water because of the lead contamination in the tapped water. It is so uncommon to find lead at the sources of water, but it gets into water as a result of corrosion of water pipes. The homes that were built in the year 1986 and before have lead fixtures, pipes, and solders. That, however, does not mean that homes that were built afterward don't face the risk of high lead levels in the water they are using. The pipes that are considered lead free have almost eight percent of lead. Lead is a very major hazard in environmental health. Lead is widely used in different commercial products, such as household paint and lead gas. However, lead is very toxic component that affects the ecosystem as well as the human beings living in the ecosystem, especially the young children whose brains are still developing (Schweitze & Nobler, 2018). In the ecosystem, the lead in water can end up in soils because of the corrosion of the leaded pipes. After the soil is corroded, then the plants are highly affected. Lead can as well get into the environment through exhausts of cars. This case study will explore the problems that lead water has in the ecosystem and the possible solutions to those problems.
Disadvantages of Lead Water to the Ecosystem
The first environmental effect of lead water is that the lead gas usually increases the lead concentration in the environment. Lead ends up in the soils and water through the corrosion of the leaded pipes and leaded paints. Lead cannot be broken down, but instead, it is converted into other forms. There are many families in this City that practices fish farming, and they use lead water to carry out the practice. Hence, these water organism faces health problems caused by the presence of lead in the water that they are surviving into. A high level of lead in water is a major problem in the ecosystem as it reduces the number of organisms that survives in the ecosystem specifically, Newark.
Secondly, phytoplankton is usually disturbed when there is interference by lead. Phytoplankton is a very crucial source of oxygen production. This means that lead pollution through water can really affect global balances. Global imbalance brings about problems to the ecosystem (Pieper et, Al., 2018).
The third disadvantage of lead water is the effect that it has on plants. As mentioned in the introduction part, major sources of lead water are the corrosion of the plumbing system. Therefore, there are many places in Newark City that are not rainy. In such places, irrigation is done for farming to take place. When plants absorb lead from the lead water through irrigation, they absorb the lead metal through their leaves. The consumers of planted foods are hu ...
Story OutlineExposition when we learn important background info.docxrjoseph5
Story Outline
Exposition: when we learn important background information about the protagonist (the main character) and their “normal” life. (You’re “exposing” the reader to the back story.)
Characters: the characters involved in the story include the media, the public (the people living in the Flint in Genesee, Michigan), and authorities (the United States Environmental Protection Agency).
Setting: the flint water crisis hit the city of Flint in Genesee, Michigan and started in April 2014. This is after the authorities decided to change the supply of drinking water from Detroit system to Flint system in an effort to save on costs.
Basic Situation: the water crisis at flint resulted from poor assessment and decision making by the local water authorities. The water was inadequately treated and tested, leading to numerous health issues because of its poor quality and contamination.
Conflict: the conflict started when the authorities shifted the source of water supply to the city, thus exposing thousands of residents to lead poisoning from the discolored, foul-smelling, and off-tasting water that caused hair loss, skin rashes, and itchy skin to its users for several months. Despite numerous reports and coverage by news agencies such as the Detroit Free Press, MLive, and independent reporters, authorities largely ignored the public outcry.
Rising Action: sequence of events that happen because of the conflict. They usually get more intense over time.
• People started complaining that the water smells like rotten eggs, is brown, and tastes funny.
• people started noticing the effects of consuming the poisoned water. Some of the effects included hair loss, skin rashes, and itchy skin to its users for several months.
• the editorial board of the Detroit Free Press ran a report on October 8, 2015 showing how the government had failed to curb the water crisis
• Several other media houses run stories showing the failure by government to address the issue
• the authorities deny claims that the water is contaminated and assures the public that it is safe for consumption.
Climax: a pediatrician releases a frightening report regarding the impact of the contaminated water on children. This is after carrying out some blood tests on the community’s children.
Falling Action: the events after the climax (usually quicker than the rising action).
• The governor of Michigan calls for a crisis meeting.
• Authorities start brainstorming for ideas on what should be done to solve the problem and save the situation.
• The government, with the help of other organizations, starts distributing bottled water that is safe for drinking and supplies lead filters across the country.
Resolution: the governor of Michigan requests legislators to allocate the state funds which will be used to change the city’s water supply back to Lake Huron just like it was the case before the crisis set in.
Title: Flint Water Crisis and Water Safety Regulation
Characters
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Think Earth: Water Pollution, by Saugata DattaNathan Cone
This is the PowerPoint prepared by Dr. Saugata Datta (UTSA) for Texas Public Radio's Think Earth event held on October 7, 2022. The slide presentation focuses on water pollution, and matches with the audio on this page: https://www.tpr.org/tpr-events-initiatives/2022-09-28/think-earth-pollution