![95
MDX
⇨ Short for 'Multi Dimensional Expressions'
⇨ ~ SQL for OLAP:
⇨
SELECT
{set for column headers} ON COLUMNS,
{set for row headers} on ROWS
FROM [Cube Name]
WHERE {set for filtering}
⇨
SELECT:
{[Measures].[Unit Sales]} ON COLUMNS,
{[Product].[Drink], [Product].[Food]} ON ROWS
FROM [Sales]
WHERE [Time].[1997]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/databaseshootout-150819152556-lva1-app6891/75/Database-Shootout-What-s-best-for-BI-95-2048.jpg)
![96
The Power of MDX
Positional: [Measures].[Profit], [Time].PrevMember
Range: Aggregate(YTD(), [Measures].[Profit]
“MDX is far
more powerful
than SQL for
the typical BI
questions”](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/databaseshootout-150819152556-lva1-app6891/75/Database-Shootout-What-s-best-for-BI-96-2048.jpg)
Uploaded byJos van Dongen
Database Shootout: What's best for BI?
The document discusses the evolution and current state of business intelligence (BI) and data warehousing, highlighting the importance of architecture, speed, and the integration of big data technologies like Hadoop. It emphasizes the need for efficient data processing and analytics to support decision-making and outlines the challenges BI projects face, such as slow query performance. Additionally, it contrasts traditional and modern database systems, stressing the emergence of NoSQL and the growing significance of in-database analytics.
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Database Shootout: What's best for BI?
- 1.
- 2. 2 The New DataWarehousing Source: Timo Elliot, SAP
- 3. 3 Let's just buyTeradata... Forrester Wave, as of April 2011 Gartner Group MQ, as of February 2012
- 4.
- 5.
- 6. ⇨ Back to basics:BI & DWHBack to basics: BI & DWH ⇨ The Need for SpeedThe Need for Speed ⇨ Database ArchitecturesDatabase Architectures ⇨ #BigData & the Hadoop Hoopla#BigData & the Hadoop Hoopla ⇨ The forgotten power ofThe forgotten power of Olap & MDXOlap & MDX ⇨ A Cloudy future?A Cloudy future? ⇨ Shootout: Evaluating alternativesShootout: Evaluating alternatives
- 7. 7 ” “ Business Intelligence (BI) Processof identifying, collecting, combining, analyzing, interpreting and communicating internal and external information to support decision making processes Concepts and methods to improveConcepts and methods to improve business decision making by usingbusiness decision making by using fact-based support systemsfact-based support systems “ ” First definition of BI: 1958!
- 8. 8 Business Intelligence is.... Doinguseful stuff with data, in order to… Support the Decision Making process So why not simply use Decision Support Systems?
- 9. 9 How it allstarted in 1958... ⇨ Hans Peter Luhn (IBM) → A Business Intelligence System The notion of intelligence is also defined here, in a more general sense, as the “ability to apprehend the interrelationships of presented facts in such a way as to guide action towards a desired goal.” Full text on Timo Elliott's blog: http://timoelliott.com/blog/2007/11/the_real_pioneer_of_busin ess_i.html
- 10. 10 Luhn's Vision (1958!) ABusiness Intelligence System Abstract: An automatic system is being developed to disseminate information to the various sections of any industrial, scientific or government organization. This intelligence system will utilize data- processing machines for auto-abstracting and auto-encoding of documents and for creating interest profiles for each of the “action points” in an organization. Both incoming and internally generated documents are automatically abstracted, characterized by a word pattern, and sent automatically to appropriate action points. This paper shows the flexibility of such a system in identifying known information, in finding who needs to know it and in disseminating it efficiently either in abstract form or as a complete document.
- 11. 11 BI is dead;long live Analytics?
- 12.
- 13. 13 The Evolution ofEnterprise Business Intelligence Enterprise Decision Management Embracing all relevant data sources BI injected into everyday business processes Master Data Management Advanced Data Mining / Analytics Business Activity Monitoring Common Information & Processes BusinessValue Disconnected Silos of Information Query/Reporting/Online Analytical Processing Content Management/Data Warehousing Search 2000 2005 2010 2015 Slide 13 Image courtesy Jim Fitzgerald, IBM research
- 14. 14 Evolving Business IntelligencePlatform Requirements Image courtesy Teradata
- 15. 15 Passive Monitoring: BIStarting Point Source: Mark Madsen, Third Nature
- 16. 16 Supporting Better Analysis:Common Next Step Source: Mark Madsen, Third Nature
- 17. 17 Active Monitoring Source: MarkMadsen, Third Nature
- 18. 18 Active Monitoring andFeedback Source: Mark Madsen, Third Nature
- 19. 19 Analysis Source: Mark Madsen,Third Nature
- 20. 20 Prediction (passive) Source: MarkMadsen, Third Nature
- 21. 21 Active Prediction Source: MarkMadsen, Third Nature
- 22. 22 Prescription and EnterpriseDecision Management Source: Mark Madsen, Third Nature
- 24. 24 Watch out, theworld is changing 750TB per week (compressed) ⇨ Sensor data ⇨ RFID ⇨ Sentiment Analysis ⇨ Text mining ⇨ Location data
- 25.
- 26. 26 Remember the Origins •Thegeneral conception of a separate architecture for BI has been around longer, but this is the first formal relational architecture and definition published. •One thing left out of most designs: the box labeled business process definitions. “An architecture for a business and information system”, B. A. Devlin, P. T. Murphy, IBM Systems Journal, Vol.27, No. 1, (1988)
- 27. 27 2012: we're stilldoing this! Staging Area CSV Files ETL ERP DBMS Sources ETL Process Data Warehouse EUL DBMS Files ETL Central DWH & Data Marts DBMS ETL End User Layer, in case you were wondering ;-)
- 28. 28 We’ve (also) accumulatedover 20 years of changes Databases Documents Flat Files XML Queues ERP Applications Source Environments Data Consumers Databases Dashboards OLAP Productivity BAM/BPM Reporting ETL Data Mining Applications Warehouse Database ETL Marts ODS EDR EII Content Store EAI Stream processing SQL Service API
- 29. 29 The assumption ofthe warehouse as a database is gone 29 Traditional tabular or structured data Data at rest Non-traditional data (logs, audio, documents) Parallel programming platforms Databases Streaming DBs/engines Message streams Data in motion Slide 29 Copyright Third Nature, Inc.
- 30. 30 The Need forSpeed
- 31. 31 Why BI ProjectsFail? 1. Query Performance Too Slow (BI Survey 9) 70% of DWH's experience performance constrained issues of various types (Gartner DWH MQ 2010) Poor Query Performance No 1 reason for replacing DWH (TDWI Best Practices)
- 32. 32 Two dimensions ofSpeed Companies wishing to maximize BI benefits should focus on 1) support quality 2) implementation timeimplementation time 3) query response timequery response time and 4) breadth of deployment, in that order.
- 33. 33 Minimize Implementation Time Use'RTF': vs Off the shelf: Etc. + use Agile methods like Scrum or DSDM + look at Data Vault model & methodology
- 34. 34 Minimize Query ResponseTime Source: TDWI Next generation Data Warehouse Platforms, By Philip Russom Why replace a data warehouse solution?
- 35. 35 Solving Performance Problems Replaceevery single thing before the database? Migrating to an analytic database is twice as likely as to another row-store database.
- 36. 36 Applying “Laborware”: thinktwice... ⇨ Apply traditional optimization techniques: ⇨ Redesign solution ⇨ Add/optimize indexes ⇨ Horizontal partitioning ⇨ Add materialized views ⇨ Rewrite queries ⇨ Reorganize data ⇨ Offload old data ⇨ … ⇨ Costs will increase & recur!
- 37.
- 38. 38 Numbers everyone shouldknow ⇨ L1 cache reference 0.5 ns ⇨ Branch mispredict 5 ns ⇨ L2 cache reference 7 ns ⇨ Mutex lock/unlock 100 ns ⇨ Main memory reference 100 ns ⇨ Compress 1K bytes with Zippy 10,000 ns ⇨ Send 2K bytes over 1 Gbps network 20,000 ns ⇨ Read 1 MB sequentially from memory 250,000 ns ⇨ Round trip within same datacenter 500,000 ns ⇨ Disk seek 10,000,000 ns ⇨ Read 1 MB sequentially from network 10,000,000 ns ⇨ Read 1 MB sequentially from disk 30,000,000 ns ⇨ Send packet CA->Netherlands->CA 150,000,000 ns Source: Jeff Dean, Google
- 39. 39 Trend: decreasing latencytimes source:90’s versus 2010's
- 40. 40 The Good News:HW Cost Decline ⇨ < 2000: ⇨ tune software ⇨ 2012 ⇨ hardware cheap ⇨ Mustang Index ~0.7 ⇨ Cost per Gigaflop: ⇨ 1984: $ 15,000,000 ⇨ 1997: $ 30,000 ⇨ 2003: $ 82 ⇨ 2011: $ 1.80
- 41. 41 Memory Cost Decline 41 We'restill waiting! ⇨ 32 GB, May 2010: ⇨ 8 *4 GB = $1,200 ⇨ 4* 8 GB = $2,000 ⇨ 2*16GB = $2,400 ⇨ 32 GB, May 2012: ⇨ 8 *4 GB = $ 280 ⇨ 4* 8 GB = $ 350 ⇨ 2*16GB = $ 500
- 42. 42 Intel keeps pushingthe limits
- 43. 43 CPU: Moore's Lawin action? Same price! Intel Xeon E5-2680 635
- 44. 44 Storage costs keepgoing down Year Size in GB US $/GB 1955 0.012 6,382,933.00 1960 0.01 3,686,400.00 1970 0.1 265,933.00 1980 2.5 16,000.00 1990 0.34 5,406.00 2000 40 7.17 2010 2,000 0.05 2012 3,000 0.07 “By the end of 2012, drives will have 100 times more capacity at 1/100 of the cost per GB compared to 2000”
- 45. 45 Your next datawarehouse? The next-generation SDXC memory card specification, released to members in April, 2009, dramatically improves consumers digital lifestyles by increasing storage capacity from more than 32 GB up to 2 TB and increasing bus interface speed up to 104 MB per second in 2009 with a road map to 300 MB per second.
- 46.
- 47. 47 Choosing the rightarchitecture is a trade off FlexibilityFlexibility AgilityAgility Real-TimeReal-Time ComplexityComplexity IntegrationIntegration AuditabilityAuditability Data VolumeData Volume Advanced Analysis Advanced Analysis PerformancePerformance Low costLow cost Skills & Standards Skills & Standards BI ArchitectureBI Architecture Source:
- 48. 48 What this means… •No ‘one size fits all’ solution • Easy to over or under provision • There are always exceptions • Clueless analysts • Tech savvy managers (even C-level) • Excel Junkies
- 49. 49 Comparing Solutions ⇨ ByTechnology? ⇨ Columns, MPP, In-Memory, etc ⇨ By Storage Type? ⇨ Files, tables, OLAP ⇨ By Deployment type? ⇨ Appliance, Cloud, Saas ⇨ By Features/API? ⇨ SQL, MapReduce, R, etc. ⇨ By Speed? ⇨ TPC-H, Airline DB, Custom ⇨ By Licence type/price? ⇨ CPU, data size, memory usage
- 50. 50 SQL DB's forBI/Analytics
- 51. 51 Major BI Vendorshave SQL DB's IBM: Microsoft: Oracle: SAP: ⇨ DB2, Netezza ⇨ SQL Server ⇨ MySQL, Oracle DB, Exalytics (TimesTen) ⇨ Sybase (IQ) & SAP Hana ..and all others are DB agnostic: Microstrategy, SAS, Tableau, Tibco Spotfire, LogiXML, Pentaho, Jaspersoft, etc.
- 52. 52 Analytical DB's: What’sDifferent? ⇨ MPP: Massive Parallel Processing ⇨ Column based data organization ⇨ Data compression ⇨ Read optimization ⇨ In memory operation ⇨ Different disk configuration options ⇨ In DB analytics ⇨ Data mining ⇨ Statistics
- 53. 53 Architecture: SMP vsMPP Different storage approaches: ● Shared Disk (clustering) ● Shared Nothing Most DWH appliance & new software vendors use Shared Nothing, MPP, Scale Out architecture
- 54. 54 Scaling Up andOut Typical Workloads
- 55. 55 Blurring lines ⇨ 1machine, up to: ⇨ 8 CPU/80 cores ⇨ 2 TB Ram ⇨ 24 SAS/SSD ⇨24*512 GB SSD = 12 TB ⇨24*900 GB SAS = 21 TB “In terms of raw speed, nothing beats DASD” Supermicro SuperServer 5086B-TRF
- 56. 56 Beware of SPOF's(or: why clustering?)
- 57. 57 Rows vs Columns ⇨Nothing new about column storage: Taxir, 1969 ⇨ Conceptual (and simplified) view: Rows Rows: 1,Smith,Joe,40000;2,Jones,Mary, 50000;3,Johnson,Cathy,44000; 1,2,3;Smith,Jones,Johnson;Joe, Mary,Cathy;40000,50000,44000 EmpID Lastname Firstname Salary 1 Smith Joe 40000 2 Jones Mary 50000 3 Johnson Cathy 44000 Columns
- 58. 58 Rows vs Columns(2) Source: Paraccel® ⇨ Columnar Challenges: ⇨ (fast) Loading ⇨ Updates
- 59. 59 Rows AND Columns! ⇨Many vendors offer hybrid row/column options ⇨ Beware of differences between storage & indexing ⇨ Examples: ⇨ Teradata Aster ⇨ Greenplum ⇨ HP Vertica ⇨ Vectorwise ⇨ Microsoft ⇨ Oracle
- 60. 60 Data compression Source: ⇨ Compression 50-90% ⇨ Somevendors claim > 95% ⇨ DB size < raw data size
- 61. 61 Read Optimization ⇨ OLTP:90% write, 10% read ⇨ DWH: 10% write, 90% read ⇨ Common solution: ⇨ 'buffer' area (row oriented) ⇨ background process updates/inserts to columns ⇨ Bulk loading = directSource:
- 62. 62 Memory Usage ⇨ Differentapproaches ⇨ Query (result) caching ⇨ Dynamic allocation ⇨ Explicit loading (e.g. dim) ⇨ Some products still disk focused! (e.g. GP) ⇨ VectorWise: RAM as secondary (!) storage
- 63. 63 Disk Usage/Configuration ⇨ 1.Disk/partition per CPU (core), e.g. Greenplum ⇨ 2. Software 'Raid' by DBMS, e.g. Paraccel ADB
- 64. 64 Disk Usage/Configuration (2) ⇨3. Use standard devices, e.g. VectorWise, Vertica ADB ⇨ 3 is easiest to set up (but some ADB's auto config) ⇨ Speed depends on other things too
- 65. 65 RAIS instead ofRAID ⇨ 1. Failover Node (Hot Standby) ⇨ 2. Data Distribution A B B A C C etc. Hot Standby
- 66. 66 Mixed Storage Solution ⇨SAN = SOR ⇨ Nodes = Persistent subset ⇨ 'Blended Scan' ⇨ Patent Pending Source: Paraccel®
- 67. 67 ILM: Software meetsHardware ⇨ Different approaches ⇨ Usage (e.g. TeraData) ⇨ Age (e.g. Oracle) ⇨ Partitions (e.g. Sybase IQ) Burning Hot Warm Cool Cold Sas Sata www.etre.com
- 68. 68 Beware of (Interconnect)Bottlenecks Fast & Expensive SAN Fast & Expensive Servers(s) 1Gb/s 1Gb/s shared DWH VM ERP VM MAIL VM CRM VM Undersized Virtual DWH You want: * Dedicated hardware * Infiniband QDR 12x: 96 Gb/s, or * 100 Gb Ethernet: 100Gb/s OR: Local storage (MPP w DASD)
- 69. 69 In Database Analytics Source:Fuzzy Logix
- 70.
- 71. 71 Inevitable In DBanalytics ⇨ Fuzzy Logix ⇨ IBM/Netezza ⇨ IBM/Informix ⇨ SAP/Sybase ⇨ Paraccel ⇨ Microsoft ⇨ Asterdata/Teradata ⇨ SAS ⇨ IBM/Netezza ⇨ EMC Greenplum ⇨ TeraData ⇨ R ⇨ IBM/Netezza ⇨ AsterData/TeraData ⇨ Oracle ⇨ Greenplum ⇨ SAS
- 72.
- 73. 73 #BigData, the newfrontier Yes, these (and more) are all Open Source!
- 74. 74 #BigData? Largest data setanalyzed KDNuggets poll 2012
- 75. 75 Putting #BigData intoperspective* Median DWH size *Idea by Glen Rabie, YellowFin BI
- 76. 76 *THIS* is Hadoop: aDistributed File System Data Distribution Data Retrieval using M/R
- 77. 77 #BigData & NoSQL:No Standards “Each NoSQL DB has its own strengths/weaknesses; most are not (directly) suited for typical BI workloads”
- 78. 78 The Great Divide(s) ⇨Pure SQL DB's ⇨ All OS Column Stores ⇨ Paraccel, Kognitio ⇨ In Database Analytics ⇨ Map/Reduce (many) ⇨ R (GreenPlum) ⇨ SAS (TeraData) ⇨ Everything (Netezza iClass) ⇨ NoSQL Databases ⇨ Hive (Hadoop) ⇨ MongoDB ⇨ CouchDB ⇨ etc.
- 79. Worlds Colliding ⇨MapReduce (NoSQL) ⇨ Programmingmodel ⇨ No DBMS/SQL required ⇨ Schema free ⇨ Exclusively <key,value> ⇨ Java, Python, C++, C, etc. ⇨ Text/data mining ⇨ Eventually Consistent ⇨SQL (RDBMS) ⇨ Query language ⇨ DBMS required ⇨ Fixed schema ⇨ Complex structure ⇨ SQL ⇨ Not good at Text ⇨ ACID compliant
- 80. 80 What is MapReduce? ⇨M/R is now patented by Google (Patent #7,650,331) ⇨ Used in many ADB's ⇨Hadoop, CouchDB ⇨AsterData ⇨GreenPlum ⇨Vertica ⇨... MapReduce is a programming model and an associated implementation for processing and generating large data sets. Users specify a map function that processes a key/value pair to generate a set of intermediate key/value pairs, and a reduce function that merges all intermediate values associated with the same intermediate key
- 81. 81 MapReduce Explained Source: http://blog.jteam.nl/2009/08/04/introduction-to-hadoop/ MRinfo: http://www.mapreduce.org (by Aster Data)
- 82. 82 M/R & SQL:How to get there ⇨ SQL on top of M/R ⇨ e.g. Hive-Hadoop ⇨ M/R invoking SQL ⇨ e.g. Greenplum ⇨ SQL invoking M/R ⇨ e.g. TeraData/Aster Data ⇨ Most ADB vendors implementing/investigating M/R ⇨ e.g. Vertica (Hadoop integration), Oracle, Netezza, etc.
- 83.
- 84.
- 85.
- 86.
- 87.
- 88.
- 89.
- 90.
- 91.
- 92. 92 (R/H/M)OLAP ⇨ OnLine AnalyticalProcessing ⇨ Analyse multidimensional data ⇨ Basic architecture: Data Warehouse MDX OLAP engine/server Analysis front end
- 93. 93 Stars and Cubes ⇨Star schema ⇨ Dimension & fact tables ⇨ Best foundation for cubes ⇨ Cubes (logical/physical) ⇨ Dimensions ⇨Hierarchies ⇨ Levels ⇨Attributes ⇨ Measures
- 94. 94 The power ofOLAP Aggregates, positional calculations (prior vs current), range calculations (ytd, mtd), level calculations (child to parent contribution)
- 95. 95 MDX ⇨ Short for'Multi Dimensional Expressions' ⇨ ~ SQL for OLAP: ⇨ SELECT {set for column headers} ON COLUMNS, {set for row headers} on ROWS FROM [Cube Name] WHERE {set for filtering} ⇨ SELECT: {[Measures].[Unit Sales]} ON COLUMNS, {[Product].[Drink], [Product].[Food]} ON ROWS FROM [Sales] WHERE [Time].[1997]
- 96. 96 The Power ofMDX Positional: [Measures].[Profit], [Time].PrevMember Range: Aggregate(YTD(), [Measures].[Profit] “MDX is far more powerful than SQL for the typical BI questions”
- 97. 97 Adding OLAP tothe mix ⇨ Virtual Cubes, e.g. ⇨ Kognitio Pablo ⇨ Pentaho Mondrian ⇨ Microstrategy ⇨ Physical Cubes, e.g. ⇨ Microsoft Analysis Services ⇨ Oracle Essbase ⇨ Jedox Palo Physical cubes allow 'write back': what if, forecasting, budgetting & planning
- 98. 'New' kid onthe block: SAP HANA
- 99. 99 The promises ofthe Cloud ⇨ “Utility computing” ⇨ Unlimited capacity ⇨ Pay as you go/by the sip ⇨ Lower costs ⇨ Always up to date ⇨ Invisible OS ⇨ Security ⇨ Safety
- 100. 100 Cloud still gettingHotter Source: IBM CIO Survey 2011
- 101. 101 Types of CloudSolutions Virtualization IaaS (Infrastructure) PaaS (Platform) SaaS (Software) ValueAdded
- 102. 102 Cloud Cost Components StorageStorage BandwithBandwith SLA/ServiceSLA/Service CPUpowerCPU power MemoryMemory Data transferData transfer RequestsRequests
- 103.
- 104. 104 The trouble withCloud DWH ⇨ DWH aaS vendors: ⇨ e.g. 1010Data, Kognitio, Vertica, EMC/Greenplum ⇨ more will follow
- 105. 105 What about NoDatabase at all? Rick F. van der Lans Key element: abstraction (de-coupling)
- 106. 106 Data Virtualization concept VirtualDB SQL SOAP REST FILE WS-* Information Consumers
- 107. 107 © 2011 CompositeSoftware, Inc. / Composite Proprietary Example: Composite 6 Discovery Active Cluster Composite Information Server XQuery, Java, WSDL, SCA (Services Centric) Front-end Applications Security Metadata Repository Views, SQLScript (Database Centric) Security Query Engine Cost-based Optimizer Rules-based Optimizer Federation Engine Web Services (HTTP, REST, SOAP, JSON, XQuery) SQL (ODBC, JDBC, ADO.NET) Messaging (JMS) Java (POJO) Web Services (HTTP, SOAP, JSON) Messaging (JMS) Application APIs MF Adapter Java (POJO) Advanced Functions Quality GovernanceCaching SQL (ODBC, JDBC) URI Monitor Manager Studio Performance Plus Adapters Development Environment Runtime Server Environment Management Environment Applications, Big Data Stores, Excel, Flat Files, Mainframes, Messages, OLAP Cubes, RDBMS, Web Services, XML Documents
- 108.
- 109.
- 110. 110 Virtual vs Physicaltrade offs Source:Source: Mark MadsenMark Madsen
- 111. 111 The Shootout! ⇨ Things toask your (potential) vendor ⇨ References ⇨ Assist in a paid POC ⇨ License model & unit of cost: CPU, Core, Server, (raw) Data volume, Memory used ⇨ Free dev/test editions (only pay for production use) ⇨ Support options (updates only, mail/phone support, etc) ⇨ If migrating: trade in discount ⇨ Opt out/de-integration options
- 112. 112 Does your DBcover the Basics? ⇨ Full SQL 2003 support? ⇨ Easy backup/restore features? ⇨ Scaling up or out? ⇨ Failover & persistency? ⇨ External (management) Tool integration?
- 113. 113 Which deployment types? ⇨On Premise ⇨ Saas/Cloud Software only Appliance Vendor/ISPCustomer
- 114.
- 115.
- 116. 116 Analytical Power? Source: SAP(Sybase IQ 15.4)
- 117. 117 Beware of Benchmarks ! ⇨Differences in ⇨# threads ⇨# cores ⇨# disks ⇨# nodes ⇨CPU generation/speed 1. Always use P.O.C. on your own data & query workload 2. Don't trust the MQ's
- 118. ⇨ Ongoing Market Consolidation ⇨ Moreadditional/alternative storage engines ⇨ Hybrid Row/Column solutions ⇨ Every db will get In DB analytics ⇨ Every db will get Hadoop/MR extensions ⇨ Everything in-memory
- 119. 119 So what's thebest database for BI?
- 120.
- 122. Web: www.tholis.com Email: jos<at>tholis.com Phone:+31-(0)6-51169606 Skype: tholis.jos LinkedIn: jvdongen Twitter: josvandongen IRC: _grumpy Jos van Dongen In BI since 1991 Principal Consultant Author/Speaker/Analyst Proud member of #BBBT
Editor's Notes
- #8 The original definition of business intelligence
- #9 What most people in the BI/DWH department tend to forget is that BI is not about technology, cool dashboards or the fastest analytical database. Nor is it about building ETL flows and publishing 100’s of reports. It is about helping the business user and manager to make more insightful decisions. If a simple Excel spreadsheet gets you there: great! Unfortunately, things are usually more complex than that... Seminar Open Source BI November 2008 Tholis Consulting &lt;number&gt;
- #14 In order to deliver full business impact, business intelligence must shift from retrospective analysis by experts to mechanisms that make it fully operational in a business context e.g. automatically triggered by external events as well as driven by people making decisions. The former is action within processes, while the latter is more often action on processes. As core business processes become more service oriented, there is increased scope for injecting decision-driven services. The technology evolution of software architecture means we can mix BI and decision services with application services. This allows us to maintain both application-oriented and data-oriented architectures. If business intelligence is going to directly impact business processes then we need a closed loop system to evaluate and improve results on an ongoing basis. This is where the combination of performance management concepts, business process models and data all come together. Current waterfall methods of design and construction are inadequate because they don’t allow evolution in different areas at different speeds, nor do they take into account the service model architecture over the application function-centric architecture.
- #15 Data warehouses usually follow a predictable evolution. After over 25 years, we have seen the “stages” companies go through on their path to enterprise data warehousing. Moving from Stage 1 (What Happened?) into Stage 2 (Why Did It Happen?) requires new capabilities for ad hoc analysis. Then as you evolve to Stage 3 (Predicting What Will Happen) you again grow in your platform and database requirements. As you cross the chasm into Stages 4 and 5 (Operational Intelligence) you require a platform capable of “active” analysis.
- #16 Monitor: passive monitoring, basic description of what’s going on Identify: active monitoring, human intervention may be required, identify exceptions, alerts Explore: examine exceptions, determine what happened, boundaries and data Analyze: determine root causes, more detailed analysis, Predict: model problems and processes, determine future outcomes Prescribe: optimize, determine choices between options, define actions to take
- #17 Monitor: passive monitoring, basic description of what’s going on Identify: active monitoring, human intervention may be required, identify exceptions, alerts Explore: examine exceptions, determine what happened, boundaries and data Analyze: determine root causes, more detailed analysis, Predict: model problems and processes, determine future outcomes Prescribe: optimize, determine choices between options, define actions to take
- #18 Monitor: passive monitoring, basic description of what’s going on Identify: active monitoring, human intervention may be required, identify exceptions, alerts Explore: examine exceptions, determine what happened, boundaries and data Analyze: determine root causes, more detailed analysis, Predict: model problems and processes, determine future outcomes Prescribe: optimize, determine choices between options, define actions to take
- #19 Monitor: passive monitoring, basic description of what’s going on Identify: active monitoring, human intervention may be required, identify exceptions, alerts Explore: examine exceptions, determine what happened, boundaries and data Analyze: determine root causes, more detailed analysis, Predict: model problems and processes, determine future outcomes Prescribe: optimize, determine choices between options, define actions to take
- #20 Step one is ad-hoc analysis, most frequently done manually and not to strict schedule. Monitor: passive monitoring, basic description of what’s going on Identify: active monitoring, human intervention may be required, identify exceptions, alerts Explore: examine exceptions, determine what happened, boundaries and data Analyze: determine root causes, more detailed analysis, model building Predict: model problems and processes, determine future outcomes Prescribe: optimize, determine choices between options, define actions to take
- #21 Prediction implies automation of processes, systematic. Monitor: passive monitoring, basic description of what’s going on Identify: active monitoring, human intervention may be required, identify exceptions, alerts Explore: examine exceptions, determine what happened, boundaries and data Analyze: determine root causes, more detailed analysis, mdoel building Predict: model problems and processes, determine future outcomes Prescribe: optimize, determine choices between options, define actions to take
- #27 The process requirement, and it’s lack in our environments, is coming back in BI, model and tool requirements.
- #29 The warehouse concept is no longer a simple database-oriented model. It’s grown up into a large collection of data management, storage, processing and delivery components that must all work together. There have been many changes from the once per night batch oriented design, with a single data model capturing the entire enterprise, and 100% of the organization’s data readily available through a single user interface. We now have operational data stores and other staging areas to address mixed data latencies, different data types, the requirement to manage master data and clean up problems in operational data. In larger environments we’ve created warehouse-mart architectures and offloaded some of the processing or event refined the data further. Data, particularly in the case of planning, scenario modeling / what-if analysis, or scorecards, has writeback requirements. Data types are more varied and complex than SQL standard types. The new view: Data warehouse as a platform. This means meeting application needs as well as traditional BI workloads. We have to think in terms of data and decision services, as well as traditional query-response models. Access to both historical and current data. Multiple storage methods, possibly distributed. Multiple access methods. Data usage decoupled from the underlying platform. More fluid management of data, regardless of location.
- #30 Any architecture now will have multiple repositories for data, multiple technologies to cope with the different needs. The primary technology classes line up like this. For most BI programs, the low hanging fruit has been picked. The BI market is changing and BI programs, skills and architectures need to change with it. That means learning about the storage and processing technologies and architectures, and how they can be put together.
- #34 Lots of time is wasted on evaluating different solutions; by just take what you already have (MySQL, SQL Server, Oracle, Whatever) lots of time can be saved in your first (pilot) project. For bigger scale efforts: use &apos;Ready To Fly&apos; solutions, either off-premise (Cloud based stuff) or on-premise (Appliances)
- #40 Seminar Open Source BI November 2008 Tholis Consulting &lt;number&gt;
- #42 Seminar Open Source BI November 2008 Tholis Consulting &lt;number&gt;
- #43 Seminar Open Source BI November 2008 Tholis Consulting &lt;number&gt;
- #44 Seminar Open Source BI November 2008 Tholis Consulting &lt;number&gt;
- #48 Selecting any solution is a trade off between conflicting goals; often, high performance and low cost don’t go well together; requiring full auditability and real time data access at the same time can also cause problems. For any combination of factors, a decision has to be made what factor has the more weight in a selection process. Seminar Open Source BI November 2008 Tholis Consulting &lt;number&gt;
- #49 Seminar Open Source BI November 2008 Tholis Consulting &lt;number&gt;