The document discusses different data types including numbers, strings, Booleans, and structures like arrays, lists, trees, graphs, hashes, sets, and JSON. It provides details on numeric types like integers and floats. String types include char, varchar, and text. Structures allow storing and organizing data and include arrays, lists, trees, graphs, hashes, sets and JSON. The document also briefly discusses typing in programming languages.

1. DATA TYPES
Masters Academy, 2018

2. - Types
- Structures

3. Types
- Number
- Integer
- Float
- Number
- String
- Char
- Character varying
- Text
- Boolean

4. Types integer
Tiny integer tinyint, byte 0..255 8 bit
Small Integer smallint -32768
+32767
16 bit
integer smallint -2147483648
+2147483647
32 bit
Big integer bigint -9223372036854775808
+9223372036854775807
64 bit

5. Types float
Float float 1.175494351 E -38
3.402823466 E +38
6 - 7 32 bit
Double double 2.2250738585072014 E -308
1.7976931348623158 E +308
15 - 16 64 bit

6. Types string
Char a, b, 1, 3, -
, +, ], ...
Varchar abc, bcd,
123, ...
Text abc, bcd,
123, ...
} 4 Gb

7. Types Boolean
TRUE, FALSE
0 1
YES NO
PRESENT ABSENT
}1 Bit

8. Structures
- Variable
- Pointer
- Array
- List
- Tree
- Graph
- Hash
- Set
- JSON

9. Structures Variable
a = 1
a1 = 5
AA = ‘ab’

10. Structures Variable
- Starts with a-zA-Z
- Contains only a-zA-Z0-9_
- No spaces or special characters
- Cannot be same as keyword

11. Structures Pointer
pointer
2045
variable
123.5
2045 1246

12. Structures Array
[1, 2, 120, 150, 11, 13]
[‘ab’, ‘cd’, ‘ef’]
[1, ‘a’, 2, ‘bca’, 123, ‘z’]

13. Structures Array
1 ab 12 31 cde 131 frt
0 1 2 3 4 5 6

14. Structures Array
1 ab 12 31 cde 131 frt
-7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1

15. Structures Array
arr = [1, ‘ab’, 12, 31, ‘cde’, 131, ‘frt’]
arr[0] => 1
arr[2] => ‘ab’
arr[-1] => ‘frt’
arr[-3] => ‘cde’

16. Structures Array String
str = ‘we are masters’
W E A R E M A S T E R S

17. Structures Array String
str = ‘we are masters’
W E A R E M A S T E R S
W E A R E M A S T E R S

18. Structures Array String
str1 = ‘we’ str2 = ‘are’ str3 = ‘masters’
str1 + str2 + str3 = ‘wearemasters’
str1 - str2 = ‘w’
str1 & str2 = ‘e’

19. Structures Array
str1 = [‘w’, ’e’] str2 = [‘a’, ’r’, ’e’] str3 = [‘m’,’a’,’s’,’t’,’e’,’r’,’s’]
str1 + str2 + str3 = [‘w’,’e’,’a’,’r’,’e’,’m’,’a’,’s’,’t’,’e’,’r’,’s’]
str1 - str2 = [‘w’]
str1 & str2 = [‘e’]

20. 72 5
Structures List
pointer
pointer
head tail

21. Structures Tree

22. Structures Tree
1
2
4 5
3
6 7

23. Structures Tree
1
2
4 5
3
6 7
true false

24. Structures Tree
1
2
4 5
3
6 7
true false

25. Structures Graph
1
2
4 5
3
6 7

26. Structures Graph
1
2
4 5
3
6 7

27. Structures Graph
1
2
4 5
3
6 7

28. Structures Graph
1
2
4 5
3
6 7

29. Structures Graph
1
2
4 5
3
6 7

30. Structures Graph
1
2
4 5
3
6 7

31. Structures Graph
1
2
4 5
3
6 7

32. Structures Graph
1
2
4 5
3
6 7
1 10
3
4

33. Structures Hash (Associated Array)

34. Structures Hash
h = { ‘a’ => 1, ‘b’ => 2 }
h = { ‘a’: 1, ‘b’: 2 }
h = { a: 1, b: 2 }
h[‘a’] => 1
h[‘a’] => 1
h[‘a’] => 1 h[:a] => 1

35. Structures Hash
h = { a: 1, b: 2 }
value = hash(key)
key value
1 = hash(‘a’)
2 = hash(‘b’)

36. Structures Hash
h = { a: 1, b: 2 }
h = { a: ‘1’, b: 2 }
h = { a: ‘1’, b: [2] }
h = { a: ‘1’, b: { c: 2 } }

37. Structures Set
set = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 6, 1 }
set = { 1, ‘2’, 3, ‘4’, [5], 6, 6, 1 }
set = { {1} ,{’2’} ,{3}, {‘4’}, { [5] }, { 6, 6, 1 } }
set = { {1} ,’2’ ,{3}, {‘4’}, [5], { 6, 6, 1 } }

38. Structures Set
set1 = { 1, 2, 3 } set2 = { 2, 3,
4, 5 }
set1 set2 => { 1 }
set1 | set2 => { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }
set1 △ set2 => { 1, 4, 5 }

39. Structures JSON
{
“a”: 1,
“b”: “2”,
“c”: [3],
“d”: [“4”],
“e”: { “f”: 5, “g”: [“6”] }
}

40. Structures JSON
{
“a”: 1,
“b”: “2”,
“c”: [3],
“d”: [“4”],
“e”: { “f”: 5, “g”: [“6”] }
}
“{“a”:1,“b”:“2”,“c”:[3],“d”:[“4”],“e”:{“f”:5,“g”:[“6”]}}”

41. Typing
integer →
float
float →
integer
float →
string
string →

42. Typing
- Dynamic
- Static
- Strong
- Weak

43. Typing
10 000 users

44. Typing
10 000 users
longest name ~ up to 50 symbols

45. Typing
10 000 users
longest name ~ up to 50 symbols
longest uk name ~ up to 15 symbols

46. Typing
one name = 50 symbols = 50 bytes
one name = 50 symbols = 52 bytes
x 10 000 users = 520 000 bytes ~= 51 kB

47. Typing
one name = 15 symbols = 15 bytes
one name = 15 symbols = 16 bytes
x 10 000 users = 160 000 bytes ~= 15 kB

48. Typing
Q & A