Data Day Texas 2013
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This document discusses graph databases and analyzing relationships at scale. It provides an overview of graph databases, how they are used to represent complex relationships between entities as nodes and edges in a graph, and how graph queries and analytics can reveal useful insights by traversing the graph along relationships. It also briefly introduces Aurelius, an open source graph database platform, and some of its features for working with large graph datasets.
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Data Day Texas 2013
- 1. Graph Databases Analyzing Relationships at Scale #DDTX13 Matthias Broecheler, CTO @mbroecheler AURELIUS March XXX, MMXIII THINKAURELIUS.COM
- 2. THE BRAIN
- 4. EMERGENCE
- 5. name: Neptune name: Alcmene type: god type: human age: 4500 age: 45 Property Vertex name: Saturn name: Jupiter name: Hercules name: Hydra type: titan type: god type: demigod type: monster age: 10000 name: Pluto name: Cerberus type: god type: monster age: 4000 Graph
- 6. name: Neptune name: Alcmene type: god type: human age: 4500 age: 45 Edge brother mother name: Saturn name: Jupiter name: Hercules name: Hydra type: titan type: god type: demigod type: monster age: 10000 father father battled time: 2 battled brother time:12 Edge Property name: Pluto name: Cerberus type: god type: monster age: 4000 Edge Label pet Graph
- 7. name: Neptune name: Alcmene type: god type: human age: 4500 age: 45 brother mother name: Saturn name: Jupiter name: Hercules name: Hydra type: titan type: god type: demigod type: monster age: 10000 father father battled time: 2 battled brother time:12 name: Pluto name: Cerberus type: god type: monster age: 4000 pet Path
- 8. name: Neptune name: Alcmene type: god type: human age: 4500 age: 45 brother mother name: Saturn name: Jupiter name: Hercules name: Hydra type: titan type: god type: demigod type: monster age: 10000 father father battled time: 2 battled brother time:12 name: Pluto name: Cerberus type: god type: monster age: 4000 pet Degree
- 9. name: Neptune name: Alcmene type: god type: human age: 4500 age: 45 brother mother name: Saturn name: Jupiter name: Hercules name: Hydra type: titan type: god type: demigod type: monster age: 10000 father father battled time: 2 battled brother time:12 name: Pluto name: Cerberus type: god type: monster age: 4000 pet Shortest Paths
- 10. name: Neptune name: Alcmene type: god type: human age: 4500 age: 45 brother mother name: Saturn name: Jupiter name: Hercules name: Hydra type: titan type: god type: demigod type: monster age: 10000 father father battled time: 2 battled brother time:12 name: Pluto name: Cerberus type: god type: monster age: 4000 pet Centrality
- 11. Tinkerpop Graph Stack Graph Server Graph Algorithms Object-Graph Mapper Traversal Language Dataflow Processing Generic Graph API
- 12. name: Neptune name: Alcmene type: god type: human age: 4500 age: 45 brother mother name: Saturn name: Jupiter name: Hercules name: Hydra type: titan type: god type: demigod type: monster age: 10000 father father battled time: 2 battled brother time:12 name: Pluto name: Cerberus type: god type: monster age: 4000 pet g.V! g.E!
- 13. name: Neptune name: Alcmene type: god type: human age: 4500 age: 45 brother mother name: Saturn name: Jupiter name: Hercules name: Hydra type: titan type: god type: demigod type: monster age: 10000 v battled father father time: 2 battled brother time:12 name: Pluto name: Cerberus type: god type: monster age: 4000 pet v = g.V(‘name’,’Hercules’)!
- 14. name: Neptune name: Alcmene type: god type: human age: 4500 age: 45 brother mother name: Saturn name: Jupiter name: Hercules name: Hydra type: titan type: god type: demigod type: monster age: 10000 v battled father father time: 2 battled brother time:12 name: Pluto name: Cerberus type: god type: monster age: 4000 pet v.out(‘father’,’mother’)!
- 15. name: Neptune name: Alcmene type: god type: human age: 4500 age: 45 brother mother name: Saturn name: Jupiter name: Hercules name: Hydra type: titan type: god type: demigod type: monster age: 10000 v battled father father time: 2 battled brother time:12 name: Pluto name: Cerberus type: god type: monster age: 4000 pet v.out(‘father’).out(‘brother’).name!
- 16. name: Neptune name: Alcmene type: god type: human age: 4500 age: 45 brother mother name: Saturn name: Jupiter name: Hercules name: Hydra type: titan type: god type: demigod type: monster age: 10000 v battled father father time: 2 battled brother time:12 name: Pluto name: Cerberus type: god type: monster age: 4000 pet v.outE(‘battled’).has(‘time’,T.gt,5).inV.name!
- 17. name: Neptune name: Alcmene type: god type: human age: 4500 age: 45 brother mother name: Saturn name: Jupiter name: Hercules name: Hydra type: titan type: god type: demigod type: monster age: 10000 v battled father father time: 2 battled brother time:12 name: Pluto name: Cerberus type: god type: monster age: 4000 pet v.out(‘father’).out(‘brother’)! .has(‘age’,T.lt,4200).name!
- 18. name: Neptune name: Alcmene type: god type: human age: 4500 age: 45 brother mother name: Saturn name: Jupiter name: Hercules name: Hydra type: titan type: god type: demigod type: monster age: 10000 father father battled time: 2 battled brother time:12 name: Pluto name: Cerberus type: god type: monster age: 4000 pet g.query().has(‘age’,T.gt,4200).vertices()!
- 19. name: Neptune name: Alcmene type: god type: human age: 4500 age: 45 brother mother name: Saturn name: Jupiter name: Hercules name: Hydra type: titan type: god type: demigod type: monster age: 10000 father father battled time: 2 battled brother time:12 name: Pluto name: Cerberus type: god type: monster age: 4000 pet g.query().has(‘time’,T.lt,5).edges()!
- 20. name: Neptune name: Alcmene type: god type: human age: 4500 age: 45 brother mother name: Saturn name: Jupiter name: Hercules name: Hydra type: titan type: god type: demigod type: monster age: 10000 father father battled time: 2 battled brother time:12 name: Pluto name: Cerberus type: god type: monster age: 4000 pet saturn.as('x').in('father')! .loop('x'){it.loops < 3}.next()!
- 21. name: Neptune name: Alcmene type: god type: human age: 4500 age: 45 brother mother name: Saturn name: Jupiter name: Hercules name: Hydra type: titan type: god type: demigod type: monster age: 10000 father father battled time: 2 battled brother time:12 name: Pluto name: Cerberus type: god type: monster age: 4000 pet g.V.sideEffect{ !it.rank = it.both.both.both.count() }!
- 22. Speed of Traversal/Process The Graph Landscape Illustration only, not to scale Size of Graph
- 23. Apache 2 Aurelius Graph Cluster TITAN FAUNUS FULGORA Map/Reduce Load Bulk Load Analysis results back into Titan Stores a massive-scale Batch processing of large Runs global graph algorithms property graph allowing real- graphs with Hadoop on large, compressed, time traversals and updates in-memory graphs
- 24. Titan Features Numerous Concurrent Users Many Short Transactions read/write Real-time Traversals (OLTP) High Availability Dynamic Scalability Variable Consistency Model ACID or eventual consistency Real-time Big Graph Data
- 25. Storage Backends Partitionability Consistency Availability
- 26. $ ./titan-0.2.0/bin/gremlin.sh! ! ! !,,,/! (o o)! -----oOOo-(_)-oOOo-----! gremlin> g = TitanFactory.open('/tmp/titan')! ==>titangraph[local:/tmp/titan]! gremlin> v = g.V(‘name’,’Hercules’)! ==>v[4]! gremlin> v.out(‘father’).out(‘brother’).name!
- 27. Vertex-Centric Indices Sort and index edges per vertex by primary key Primary key can be composite Enables efficient focused traversals Only retrieve edges that matter Uses push down predicates for quick, index-driven retrieval
- 28. battled battled battled time: 1 time: 3 time: 5 mother battled v v.query()! time: 9 father fought fought
- 29. battled battled battled time: 1 time: 3 time: 5 mother battled v v.query()! time: 9 .direction(OUT)! father
- 30. battled battled battled time: 1 time: 3 time: 5 battled v v.query()! time: 9 .direction(OUT)! .labels(‘battled’)!
- 31. battled battled time: 1 time: 3 v v.query()! .direction(OUT)! .labels(‘battled’)! .has(‘time,T.lt,5)!
- 32. Titan Server REST REXPRO $ wget http://s3.thinkaurelius.com/downloads/titan/titan-cassandra-0.3.0.zip! $ unzip titan-cassandra-0.3.0.zip! $ cd titan-cassandra-0.3.0! $ sudo bin/titan.sh config/titan-server-rexster.xml config/titan-server- cassandra.properties!
- 33. Graph Indexing Vertex and Edge indexing Pluggable index provider ElasticSearch Lucene Full-text search Numeric range search Geographic search
- 34. name: Neptune name: Alcmene age: 4500 type: human title: God of the age: 45 earth and ocean brother mother name: Jupiter name: Saturn age: 4800 name: Hercules name: Hydra type: titan title: God of the title: Divine hero type: monster age: 10000 heaven and skies father father battled time: 2 battled locaion: [37.7,23.9] brother time:12 location: [39,22] name: Pluto name: Cerberus age: 4000 title: Ugly beast of the title: God of the underworld underworld pet
- 35. name: Neptune name: Alcmene age: 4500 type: human title: God of the age: 45 earth and ocean brother mother name: Jupiter name: Saturn age: 4800 name: Hercules name: Hydra type: titan title: God of the title: Divine hero type: monster age: 10000 heaven and skies father father battled time: 2 battled locaion: [37.7,23.9] brother time:12 location: [39,22] name: Pluto name: Cerberus age: 4000 title: Ugly beast of the title: God of the underworld underworld pet g.query().has(‘title’,Txt.CONTAINS,’god’).vertices()!
- 36. name: Neptune name: Alcmene age: 4500 type: human title: God of the age: 45 earth and ocean brother mother name: Jupiter name: Saturn age: 4800 name: Hercules name: Hydra type: titan title: God of the title: Divine hero type: monster age: 10000 heaven and skies father father battled time: 2 battled locaion: [37.7,23.9] brother time:12 location: [39,22] name: Pluto name: Cerberus age: 4000 title: Ugly beast of the title: God of the underworld underworld pet g.query().has(‘age’,GREATER_THAN,4500) .has(‘title’,CONTAINS,’god’).vertices()!
- 37. name: Neptune name: Alcmene age: 4500 type: human title: God of the age: 45 earth and ocean brother mother name: Jupiter name: Saturn age: 4800 name: Hercules name: Hydra type: titan title: God of the title: Divine hero type: monster age: 10000 heaven and skies father father battled time: 2 battled locaion: [37.7,23.9] brother time:12 location: [39,22] name: Pluto name: Cerberus age: 4000 title: Ugly beast of the title: God of the underworld underworld pet g.query().has(‘location’,WITHIN, Geoshape.circle(38,24,50).edges()!
- 38. Faunus Features Hadoop-based Graph Computing Framework Graph Analytics Breadth-first Traversals Global Graph Computations Batch Big Graph Data
- 39. Faunus Architecture g._()!
- 40. Faunus Work Flow g.V.out .out .count() hdfs://user/ubuntu/ output/job-0/ output/job-1/ graph* output/job-2/ { sideeffect* Compressed HDFS Graphs stored in sequence files variable length encoding prefix compression
- 41. Faunus Setup $ bin/gremlin.sh ! ,,,/! (o o)! -----oOOo-(_)-oOOo-----! gremlin> g = FaunusFactory.open('bin/titan-hbase.properties')! ==>faunusgraph[titanhbaseinputformat]! gremlin> g.getProperties()! ==>faunus.graph.input.format=com.thinkaurelius.faunus.formats.titan.hbase.TitanHBaseInputFormat ==>faunus.graph.output.format=org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.SequenceFileOutputFormat! ==>faunus.sideeffect.output.format=org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.TextOutputFormat! ==>faunus.output.location=dbpedia! ==>faunus.output.location.overwrite=true! gremlin> g._() ! 12/11/09 15:17:45 INFO mapreduce.FaunusCompiler: Compiled to 1 MapReduce job(s)! 12/11/09 15:17:45 INFO mapreduce.FaunusCompiler: Executing job 1 out of 1: MapSequence[com.thinkaurelius.faunus.mapreduce.transform.IdentityMap.Map]! 12/11/09 15:17:50 INFO mapred.JobClient: Running job: job_201211081058_0003!
- 42. Build a Knowledge Graph Based on DBPedia Graph version of Wikipedia ~290 million edges (~1B triples) 1. Bulk load RDF into Faunus 6 m1.xlarge 2. Convert to property graph 3. Bulk load into Titan 3 m1.xlarge with Cassandra 4. OLTP+OLAP Total Time: ~ 2 hours
- 43. Graph OLTP gremlin> g = TitanFactory.open('bin/cassandra.local') ! ==>titangraph[cassandrathrift:10.176.213.110]! gremlin> g.V('name','Random_walker_algorithm').both.name! ==>Random_walk! ==>Segmentation_(image_processing)! ==>Graph_(mathematics)! ==>Laplacian_matrix! ==>Graph! ==>Laplacian_matrix! ==>Electrical_network! ==>Resistor! ==>Electrical_resistance_and_conductance! ==>Ground_(electricity)! ==>Direct_current! ==>Voltage_source! ==>Precomputation! ==>Category:Computer_vision! ==>Random_Walker_(Computer_Vision)! ==>List_of_algorithms! ==>Segmentation_(image_processing)! ==>Watershed_(image_processing)! ==>Random_walker_(computer_vision)! ==>Random_Walker_(computer_vision)!
- 44. Graph OLAP gremlin> g.V('name','Learning').out.out.out.out[0..10].name ! ==>Latium! ==>Roman_Kingdom! ==>Roman_Republic! ==>Roman_Empire! ==>Middle_Ages! ==>Early_modern_Europe! ==>Armenian_Kingdom_of_Cilicia! ==>Lingua_franca! ==>Vatican_City! ==>Vulgar_Latin! ==>Romance_languages!
- 48. Complex Problem 1. Identify Entities 2. Identify Relationships 3. Apply Graph Analysis
- 49. Apache 2 Aurelius Graph Cluster TITAN FAUNUS FULGORA Map/Reduce Load Bulk Load Analysis results aureliusgraphs@googlegroups.com back into Titan Stores a massive-scale Batch processing of large Runs global graph algorithms property graph allowing real- graphs with Hadoop on large, compressed, time traversals and updates in-memory graphs
- 50. TINKERPOP.COM
- 51. Thanks! Vadas Gintautas Marko Rodriguez @vadasg @twarko Stephen Mallette Daniel LaRocque @spmallette AURELIUS THINKAURELIUS.COM
- 52. We are Hiring AURELIUS THINKAURELIUS.COM @AURELIUSGRAPHS
Editor's Notes
- Health care: cancer, personalized medicinesocial systemseconomy
- Source:http://www.digitaltrends.com/mobile/inside-knowledge-graph-googles-deep-diving-semantic-search/
- http://socialmediatoday.com/larry-weintraub/1171711/facebook-seo-comes-life-graph-search-launches