The document provides an extensive overview of data centers, detailing various types including enterprise, managed services, colocation, cloud, and edge data centers. It describes their main components, systems, solutions, standards, and tier levels, focusing on critical infrastructure such as power and cooling systems. Additionally, the document discusses data center design considerations and energy efficiency metrics.

1. ·Types of Data Centers
·Data Center Main Components
·Data Center systems and solutions
·Data Center Standards
·Data Center Tier Levels
·Interesting Aspects of DC Design
Know
Base

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::
Know
Base
Data Center Types
[ Enterprise data centers
Managed services data centers
Colocation data centers
Cloud data centers
Edge data centers

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to. n RC. CgI
Know
Base
Data Center Types
Enterprise
data
center
s
·A private facility built,
owned, and operated
by a company for
their own use.
I
Photos by Unknown Author Is licensed under CC BY-

4. Know
Base r rraRC..CD
Data Center Types
Enterprise data
centers
·A private facility built,
owned, and operated
by a company for
their own use.
Photos by Unknown Author Is licensed under CC BY-

5. U
A r m
r 1
Z
Iletxnerse American lJnivers ` •
Know 'edge
Base
Data Center Types
·A datacenter that
is managed by a third
party that rents out
the equipment and
the infrastructure.
Managed services
data centers
Photos by Unknown Author Is licensed under CC BY-SA

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7. 1 -
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Know
Base
Data Center Types
Cloud
data
center
s
·An off-premises data center
where a user can rent virtual
assets. The cloud provider
manages the servers, storage
and network elements.
PhotosbyUnknownAuthorIslicensedunderCCBY-

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Know
Base
Data Center
Types
I m m
·Placed close to the
application user.
Allows content and
service delivery to
local users with
minimal latency.
Photos by Unknown Author Is licensed under CC BY-SA
Edge data centers

9. Know
Base
Data Center Types
Edge data centers
·Placed close to the
application user.
Allows content and
service delivery to
local users with
minimal latency.
Photos by Unknown Author Is licensed under CC BY-SA
I

10. Data Center
Main
Components

11. t i c s ; I =
ra
Know
Base
Data Center Main Components
Photos by UnknownAuthor Is licensed under CC BY-SA

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Know
Base
Data Center Main Components
·IT Racks.
·Fiber & Copper Cables
·Servers
IT
Photos by Unknown Author Is licensed under CC BY-SA

13. I Sr Br IC
ICI real
Know
Base
Data Center Main Components
·IT Racks.
·Fiber & Copper Cables
·Servers
·Transformers
·Gensets
·Fuelling System
·UPS & its Battery
is • Power Panels
·Chillers Plants.
·Pump System.
·DX Air Conditioning
·Humidification &
dehumidification system.
PhotosbyUnknownAuthorIslicensedunderCCBY-SA
IT
Power
Cooling -<

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kM'
Know
Base
Data Center Systems & Solutions
CAbinel cons rols
Computer room controls
Facility controls
Perimeter Security
·Raised Floor
·Suspended ceilings
·Cable containment
·Grounding and bounding
·Fire Rated Doors
·Aisle Containment
·Access control
·CCTV
·Gates, Turnstiles, Wedge Briars, Raising Bollar
·Fencing
·Mantraps
·Fire alarm
·Very Early Smoke Detection Apparatus (VESDA)
·FM 200 or Novec 1230 Fire Suppression
·Sire stopping
·Oxyreduct
IA~Rronment management
uilding management system (BMS)
Photos by Unknown Author Is licensed under CC BY-SA
Physical
Equipment
Solutions
Physical Security
Fire Detection &
Suppression
DCIM (DC
Infrastructure
Management)
·r

15. gig.=
======
Know
Base
Data Center Systems & Solutions
Photos by Unknown Author Is I censed unter CC 8Y-SA
·Fire alarm
·Very Early Smoke Detection Apparatus (VESDA)
·FM 200 or Novec 1230 Fire Suppression
·Sire stopping
·Oxyreduct
I u
nvironmentmanagement
ilding management system (BMS)
·Raised Floor
·Suspended ceilings
·Cable containment
·Grounding and bounding
·Fire Rated Doors
·Aisle Containment
·Access control
·CCTV
·Gates, Turnstiles, Wedge Briars, Raising Bollar
·Fencing
·Mantraps
Physical
Equipment
Solutions
Physical Security
Fire
Detection &
Suppression
DCIM (DC
Infrastructure
Management)
Facility controls
Perimeter Security
Cabinet controls
Computer room writ roll

16. Data Centre
Standards
& Tier Levels

17. Data Centre
Standards
& Tier
Levels

18. IEEE
Bicsi
Jr
British Standards
atSTANDARDS
AL i..tr, 11(71
Photos by Unknown Author Is licensed under CC BY-SA
ANSI
American National
UptimeInstitute®
ADVANCING GLOBAL COMMUNICATIONS
ISO

19. Photos by Unknown Author Is licensed under CC BY-SA
UptimeInstitute°

20. Know
Base
T - w a -
- . . - . . . _ . 2 p i = 3
. 1 1 " -
• , . . , O m W a r s ( C 2 i
E t =
0%
20%
40%
100%
80%
60%
Unplanned Downtime
Avoidable
Outages
Other
5%
UPS System Failure
29%
I
Weather related
Water, Heat, Cooling
15%
Human Error
24%
III UPS System Failure
Weather related
·Other
G
0 Water, Heat, Cooling Failurenerator Failure0 IT Equip.
0 Human Error

21. Know
Base
:5c—
Ala'
r cc,
(Pr.
I
r-
'
i"1-)5
1
F15-161
I
• °
Tier Topology Categories
I
I
set
No fractional tiers all components
should comply
L_
Site Classification based on lowest
system rating.
4 tier levels or classes are defined
L_
·Fault tolerant
·99.995 availability
·Annual site related downtime ItOrth
·Concurrent Maintainable
·999.982 availability
·Annual site related downtime 1.611
·Redundant
·99.74996 availability
·Annual site related downtime 2211

22. 311
°'
arn re .;
≥
Know
Base
Tier Topology Categories
Capacity
Components
Tier Classifications
represent broad
topology categories
based in the
redundancy in :
(diverse)
Distribution
Paths

23. now
ase
Tier Topology Categories
Tier 4
·Fault Tolerant
·99.995 availability
·Annual site related downtime
0.04h
·Concurrent Maintainable
·999.982 availability
·Annual site related downtime 1.6h
Redundant
99.74996 availability
Annual site related downtime 22h
Non-Redundant
99.671 availability
Annual site related downtime 28.8h
•
Tier 3 (
T1er 2
T1er

24. Know
Base
Tier 1
Basic
Capacity
-
01r afF
E ?
0
n
h a
r.
=
„ a
•
s
t h
·N = 2 UPS modules
·Single path
Function Tier I
Active Capacity Components to Support the IT
Load
Distribution Paths 1
Concurrently Maintainable No
Fault Tolerance No
Compartmentalization No
Continuous Cooling No
I VI
OAT/ CINTIM CAIMNIT

25. Know
Base
Tier 1
Basic Capacity
·N = 2 UPS modules
·Single path
Function Tier I
Active Capacity Components to Support the IT
Load
Distribution Paths 1
Concurrently Maintainable No
Fault Tolerance No
Compartmentalization No
Continuous Cooling No
UTILITY 0
1
1
1
ER
A
T
O
R
esszras
rel 1
L..
L_JL JL.J
S
k r '
OATH CONTIR CASINIIT

26. Know
Base
Tier II
Redundant
Components
grii LC VI
E.
·N = 2 UPS modules
·Single path.
·Adds redundant UPS module
Function TierII
Active Capacity Components to Support the IT N+1
Load
Distribution Paths 1
Concurrently Maintainable No
Fault Tolerance No
Compartmentalization No
Continuous Cooling No
4 4
a
•
3 UPS=N+1
wisp/maw e
Bus•A ..9
-
1
·Jim
.JL_J
DATA CENTER CABINET

27. Know
Base
Tier IV
Fault Tolerant
NEr-
t n VIC fr
Z
l o s s a a 1 D
·N=3 UPS modules
·Dual path
u
n
(i
GullRATOlta GVIIIRA UTIUTY
AU
A
T
S-
0
AT I - A
Nfl-A
3 UPS=N
.
., f_P
FUNCTION
Active Capacity Components to
Support the IT Load
Distribution Paths
Concurrently Maintainable
Fault Tolerance
Compartmentalization
Continuous Cooling
TIER IV
N
After any Failure
2
Simultaneous
ly Active
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
2 active
distribution
Paths
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28. Interesting
Aspects of
DC design

29. Know
Base
Data Cent

30. Know
Base
Data Centre Design Approach
Software arid applications
Latency
IT requirements
Switches
Future expansion
Bandwidth
Supper computers
Data cabling
Strategic Direction
Number of users
Servers
Space
Speed
Racks
Cooling
Safety BMS Leak Detection
Electrical Panels
DCIM
Power
nergy & Electromechanical
UPS Generator
4 r
Sae Civil
Site Location Civil Material Civil Works

31. 10°C - 359C —
is the operating
temperature
range of most
servers.
Know
Base
Data Center
Cooling
Environment control is
a major aspect of data
center design
182C - 272C— is the
recommended inlet
temperature of IT
equipment by ASHRAE
(American Society of
Heating, Refrigerating,
and Air Conditioning
Engineers).

32. •
I
c
t
Data Centers
should be designed
to operate at an
optimum
temperature for
highest equipment
efficiency.
109C - 359C —
is the operating
temperature
range of most
servers.
I
text -
1/ c
Data Center
Cooling
Environment control is a
major aspect of data
center design
1.82C - 272C — is the
recommended inlet
temperature of IT
equipment by ASHRAE
(American Society of
Heating, Refrigerating,
and Air Conditioning
Engineers).
Know
Base
O

33. tdalIC1%Cr:
Know
Base
Cooling Technologies and Design
Chilled
Water
System
Free
Cooling
Direct
Expansion
(DX)
Evaporative
Cooling
Technology
Selection
Photos by Unknown Author Is licensed under CC BY-

34. Cooling
Design
Approach
Cold
Aisle/Hot
Aisle
Down
Flow /Up
Flow
In-row
Cooling
Direct-to-
Chip
Cooling
Cooling Technologies and Design
Know
Base
7C
o
l
dA
CRAC Ho[ Aisle
J
•
Photos by unknown Author N licensed under CC BY SA

35. a- a Mar-
&CI:eye,
Cooling
Design
Approach
Cold
Aisle/Hot
Aisle
Down
Flow /Up
Flow
In-row
Cooling
Direct-to-
Chip
Cooling
Cooling Technologies and Design
Know
Base
CRAC
LOOS< Seal &Witt
or prevsorre bdlance
111.
Photos by Unknown Author Is licensed under CC BY-SA

36. Know
Base
Pressure adjustment in-between
DC & surrounding area
PositivelyNegatively
Pressured RoomPressured Room
IMO
If Pressure
Switching Were
Used
411)Filtered air supply
• Clean
?
Dirty?
Dirty
Outlet air

37. ..Bf
irta Ilca
Know
Base
Data Center Power design
ATS UPS
IT equipment
Utility Power
Generator
Cooling Building
System services

38. Know
Base
Data Center Power design
ATS
IT equipment
UPS
Utility Power
Generator
Cooling Building
System services

39. ca,
Know
Base
Back up Power Options
Battery Powered UPS Dynamic Rotary UPS (DRUPS)
Photos by Unknown Author Is licensed under CC BY-

40. Know
Base
Data Center Power Usage Efficiency
Power for IT Servers
Switches
Equipment Telecom
·I facility energy
consumption
lighting
cooling
etc.
PUE-
Total Facility Power
IT Equipment Power

41. pm
=
r
ems-",
Total Facility Power
PUE=
IT Equipment Power
Data center energy efficiency gains have flattened out
2.8
·/LAI: ·'4,1' 1• 'ii11.1 ·:u18 ·2019 ·25.?:
2.r 2.5
•
2
2
1.9.
2 Y.
1,8 1.65 1.67
1.58 • 1.5.
1,6 • •
1.4
1.2
1
2005 2038 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020
Know
Base
Data Center Power Usage Efficiency
lcurrr. Yoreetrrl eat. rrrtir Ill fipert m p'rtad .Cl' metre nmer front 4‘00 to :WOUptlinelmtlide
r
Servers
Switches
Telecom
colPower for IT
Equipment
·facility energy
consumption
lighting
cooling
etc.
14 (I

42. edge
•
Thank You
Shaheer Shaaban, RCDD, PMP
Structured Cabling & IT
Infrastructure Expert
·Linkedln:
https://www.linkeoin.com/in/sha
heershaaban
·YouTube:
hups.ii www.youtube.com/c/Kno
wledgeBase2020
·Email:
Shaheersh@gmail.com
Know
Base Lebanese American University

43. NO-BREAK
KS°
a
Accurotor
<3000 RPM
Alternator
Clutch
G.
arIseIsli•IP
r s r i a l t i g L U a 7
Engi
ne

44. NO-BREAK
KS®
AMMO!
CON
RPM
Alternator

45. CONDITIONING MODE NO-BREAK KS®
Clean Conditioned Power
Input Voltage
03
01 Choke 02
1800 RPM at 60Hz (1500 RPM at 50Hz)
-II

46. UTILITY FAILURE NO-BREAK KS®
Input Voltage
0 I 0 I I I
0
3
Choke
Oz

47. INDEPENDENT MODE NO-BREAK KS®

49. MAINS
SUPPLY
COUPLIN
G CHOKE
TO mm*
DATACENTRE
DIESEL ENGINE
HITZINGER
Power Anytime. Anywhere.
ALTERNATOR KIN MODULE
MAINS OPERATION
During mains operation, the consumer load is supplied
from the mains via the choke.
T
r
=P
t 1-11
3
' 1
0 t . i t r i
s. sir*
P
4
0
.
la
'
m
i
i
,
f
t‘ 1 " . . s e a
rf
f
el
.
_4
1
.
1
,
4
p
Le -
i i i p t
. •
I
•
•

50. TO mme.
DATACENTRE
r e . o p r i m e a
Aiiaz
aim • •sump•-• mr-
low me-t -de •
MAINS OPERATION
The synchronous machine acts as a filter, and balances
stable voltage and reactive power between the mains and
the consumer.
COUPLIN
G
CHOKE
Astsa,__Lisi_ra
-
WartS4
P-
-
HITZI NG ER' 411 DIESEL ENGINE
Power. Anytime. Anywhere.
• •
ALTERNATOR KIN MODULE
MAINS
SUPPLY
•
•

51. MAINSPOWERFAILURE
When the mains supply fails, the KIN module keeps the load
supplied without interruptions. Simultaneously the diesel engine
is started.
TO mme.
DATACENTRE
MAINS COUPLING
SUPPLY CHOKE
e s t a i r •
•
•
%ars iiN1 PI 1,
Carl
" !S
w
F
'
le MCI.
·ia--im tr.
DIESEL ENGINE ALTERNATOR KIN MODULE
•
HITZINGER.
Power.Anytime.Anywhere.

52. DIESEL ENGINE
HITZINGER.
Power
. Anytime. Anywhere.
.4 lia_tati ass la.
961111P
111
.1
1F
I g
qi n i r
MAINSPOWERFAILURE
The electromagnetic clutch closes and the load is
transferred to the synchronous alternator. The diesel engine
and alternator supply the UPS load.
COUPLIN
G CHOKE
·•
4 W
e
1
/211r‘S 107
ALTERNATOR KIN MODULE
IL"
MAINS
SUPPLY
•
TO me-
DATACENTRE
A S .
•

53. MAINSPOWERRETURN
When the mains is back within tolerances for a certain
period, the consumer load is switched back to the mains.
The KIN module is re-charged.
MAINS COUPLING
SUPPLY CHOKE
TO -
DATACENTRE
1
1
1
1
51
Power.Anytime.Anywhere.
HITZINGER°

54. MAINS OPERATION
During mains operation, the consumer load is supplied from
the mains via the choke.
MAINS COUPLING TO mil.
SUPPLY CHOKE DATACENTRE
11
KIN MODULE

55. Original Static UPS plus Gen Set Layout
28 MW Tier 3 Design
120,000 ft2
Power System