Fundamentals of Information Technology CCCJ

1. DATA INFORMATION
Unit IV
By Ms. Charlene

2. DATA INFORMATION
 Data - A collection of raw unprocessed, facts, figures and symbols.
 Information – This is data that is organized, meaningful and useful.
 User - Someone who communicates with a computer or uses the information
it generates.

9/25/2016Ms. C. Robinson, MBCC FITCourse

3. DATA INFORMATION
 Sources of information are: Measurements, Informal communication,
publications and questionnaires.
 Characteristics of Information - Useful information is: Relevant, accurate,
timely, complete, in an appropriate medium and cost effective.
 Information as a Commodity: This refers to the selling or purchasing of
information. Database, etc are examples of information for sale.
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4. Levels of Management
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5. Levels of Management
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6. Levels of Management
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7. INFORMATION SYSTEM
 Information System
 Management Information System
 A management information system (MIS) is a subset of the overall internal controls of a
business covering the application of people, documents, technologies, and procedures by
management accountants to solve business problems such as costing a product, service or
a business-wide strategy
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8. INFORMATION SYSTEM
 Office Information System
An office information system, or OIS (pronounced oh-eye-ess), is an
information system that uses hardware, software and networks to
enhance work flow and facilitate communications among
employees. Win an office information system, also described asoffice
automation; employees perform tasks electronically using computers and
other electronic devices, instead of manually. With an office information
system, for example, a registration department might post the class
schedule on the Internet and e-mail students when the schedule is
updated. In a manual system, the registration department would
photocopy the schedule and mail it to each student’s house.
9/25/2016Ms. C. Robinson, MBCC FITCourse

9. INFORMATION SYSTEM
 Transaction Processing System
 A Transaction Processing System or Transaction Processing Monitor is a set of
information which process the data transaction in database system that
monitors transaction programs (a special kind of program)
 Clerical staff typically perform the activities associated with transaction
processing, which include the following:
 1. Recording a business activity such as a student’s registration, a customer’s
order, an employee’s timecard or a client’s payment.
 2. Confirming an action or triggering a response, such as printing a student’s
schedule, sending a thank-you note to a customer, generating an employee’s
paycheck or issuing a receipt to a client.
 3. Maintaining data, which involves adding new data, changing existing data, or
removing unwanted data.
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10. Transaction Processing System (TPS)
 Transaction Processing System (TPS) are used by the operational level
workers to update and retrieve information regularly on a daily basis. An
example would be the teller processing system in a bank. The tellers are
able to process cash and account transaction, update customer database,
and retrieve customer personal and banking information using the system
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11. INFORMATION SYSTEM
 Decision Support Systems
 Decision support systems constitute a class of computer-based information systems
including knowledge-based systems that support decision-making activities.
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12. Decision Support System (DSS)
 Decision Support System (DSS) are used by senior managers to make short,
medium and long term decisions based on summaries and report pulled from
the MIS. DSS use complex mathematical algorithms to make strategic
decisions based on summariesed data and uses more graphic interfaces to
interact with user.
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13. INFORMATION SYSTEM
Expert Systems
 An expert system is software that attempts to provide an answer to a problem, or
clarify uncertainties where normally one or more human experts would need to be
consulted
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14. Expert System
 Expert System are based on techniques of Artificial Intelligence and are
mainly used for making decisions by analyzing intelligently determined
patters in data collected. This is very useful in medicine as it can enable
doctors to efficiently diagnose and treat diseases and disorders by analysing
patters in medical data to determine the disease type and associated
treatment.
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15. Management Information System (MIS)
 Management Information System (MIS) are used by the managerial level
workers for monitoring the day to day operational activities. It pulls
information from the TPS and allows managers to summarise and prepare
reports based on the information pulleded.
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16. Executive Support Systems(ESS)
 Executive Support Systems(ESS) assists executive managers to make effective
and strategic decisions to facilitate long term strategic planning. It uses
graphic interfaces to interact with the user
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17. INFORMATION SYSTEM
 Levels of management
 Strategic- Chief executive, directors, leadership teams, etc ( in charge of
overall operations)
 Tactical – Heads of large departments, functional supervisors, project
coordinator, etc ( in charge of specific groups or areas)
 Operational – Heads of small department, individuals with specific areas of
responsibility ( in charge of specific task)
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18. DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
 Define
 Character
 Field - part of a record held in a database, containing specific information, eg
author's name, title or keywords.
 Record - a group of fields that contain specific data describing the indexed entry of
an item or subject, for example a piece of written work such as a journal article or
conference paper.
 File - A data file that is organized in a uniform format (also called a structured data
file).
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