Dark Forces
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This document discusses non-Abelian dark sectors, which could explain dark matter anomalies like the DAMA signal. It describes how a new SU(Nc) gauge sector that confines at a scale Λdark could give rise to composite dark matter particles like dark pions and rhos. Interactions between the standard model and dark sectors could produce distinctive collider signatures like lepton jets containing opposite-sign, collimated lepton pairs. Further advances in theory are needed to fully understand hadronization in the dark sector and make precise predictions of collider signals.
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Dark Forces
- 1. Non-Abelian Dark Forces SM DM Jay Wacker SLAC Dark Forces Workshop Sept. 25, 2009
- 2. Plan of Talk Non-Abelian Dark Sectors & DAMA Producing Dark Sector Generic Signatures
- 3. Non-Abelian Dark Sectors SM DM 1 Ldark = − Tr Gµν + q iD q + m¯q 2 ¯ q 2 Confines or is Broken at low energies 2π Λdark ∼ exp − b0 αdark Large range of possibilities
- 4. Non-Abelian Dark Sectors SM DM 1 Ldark = − Tr Gµν + q iD q + m¯q 2 ¯ q 2 Confines or is Broken at low energies 2π Λdark ∼ exp − b0 αdark Large range of possibilities SU (Nc ) gauge group Light flavors Heavy flavors
- 5. 11 Years of Oscillation A distinctive recoil spectrum
- 6. Inelastic Dark Matter Tucker-Smith Weiner (2001) Dark matter has 2 nearly Scattering off the SM is degenerate states Ψ1 → Ψ2 Ψ2 N δm ∼ O(100 keV) Ψ2 Ψ1 Ψ1 N 3 Consequences: Scatters off of heavier nuclei (CDMS ineffective) Large recoil energy (Xe10 Zep3 didn’t look) Large modulation fraction (Smaller absolute signal)
- 7. Inelastic Dark Matter A new number to explain: δm m 10∼ −6 Sign of dark sector dynamics First of many splittings New interactions to discover Changes what questions are interesting
- 8. Composite Dark Matter A new SU(Nc) gauge sector Confines at ΛDark mH qL mL Λdark A pair of quarks: qH mH Λdark Λdark mL
- 9. Composite Dark Matter A new SU(Nc) gauge sector Confines at ΛDark mH qL mL Λdark A pair of quarks: qH mH Λdark Λdark mL A cosmological asymmetry (nH − nH ) = −(nL − nL ) = 0 ¯ ¯ At T ΛDark DM is in ¯ qH qL bound states Dark Mesons
- 10. Degeneracy of the Ground State Heavy quark spin preserved in electric interactions Dark Chromomagnetic interaction breaks spin symmetry ¯ qH qL ρd σ m ·B πd δH ∼ mH Spin 0 Spin 1 Dark Pion Dark Rho πd ρd mρd − mπd Λ2 ∼ Dark mH Doesn’t require adding new symmetry and breaking it Accidental global symmetry from Lorentz Invariance
- 11. Coupling to the SM Kinetically Mix U (1)Y with U (1)dark µν Lmix = Fdark FY µν U(1)Y U(1)dark SM DM χ µ At low energy Lint = Adark jEM µ Higgs U(1)dark near EW scale LHiggs = |Dµ φd | − V (φd ) −→ 2 2 2 md Ad
- 12. Inelastic Dark Matter Combining all null experiments with DAMA 140 120 mπd ∼ 70 GeV δm ∼ 95 keV ∆m keV 100 80 60 Dark Matter Mass GeV 100 200 300 400 500 600 Λdark δm mπd 80 MeV Beneath Hadronic threshold
- 13. Plan of Talk Non-Abelian Dark Sectors DAMA Producing Dark Sector Generic Signatures
- 14. Collider Signatures + − + Light mesons ωD ηD − √ ωD s ΛD 23-4/5-))' 0/-(*5506)'!-7') !#$%'()*# +*,'#-. qD +!#*/01)0*/ √ s ΛD − e + #*89+5:-;+'#0(5- e ''/) ¯ qD γ mA ΛD ωD + ωD ωD Lepton Jets =**)'!-;#*!8()- #'(*05-*-;+*)*/ − − ηD + − + ωD
- 15. New Tools New Strong Signal Simulation (J. Wacker w/ S. Schumann, P. Richardson, F. Krauss) Dark Showering Sherpa Herwig Hadron Spectrum DarkSpecGen Dark Hadronization Sherpa Herwig Cascading to SM DarkSpecGen
- 16. Boosted Physics When high pT particles cascade to SM final states producing collimated final states “Lepton Jets” A Challenging Environment Reconstruction is difficult Isolation cuts out signal Cascades produce heterogeneous final states
- 17. 1 Light Flavor Spectrum No light pions - Only eta prime No hadronic decays ~1 dozen quasi stable particles 2Λdark 2++ 1−+ 2−− 2 +− 1+− 0−− 0−+ 1− − Λdark 0++ 0+− J ++ J +− J −+ J −− Only “weak” decays: quasi-stable particles
- 18. 1 Light Flavor Spectrum No light pions - Only eta prime No hadronic decays ~1 dozen quasi stable particles 2Λdark 2++ 1−+ 2−− 2 +− 1+− 0−− 0−+ 1− − Λdark 0++ 0+− J ++ J +− J −+ J −− Only “weak” decays: quasi-stable particles !#$%'' +$,#'%-+.)( ωD #()*#! ηD $/0$,$1'- A∗ A∗
- 19. 1 Light Flavor Spectrum No light pions - Only eta prime No hadronic decays ~1 dozen quasi stable particles 2Λdark 2++ 1−+ 2−− 2 +− 1+− 0−− 0−+ 1− − Λdark 0++ 0+− J ++ J +− J −+ J −− Only “weak” decays: quasi-stable particles !#$%'' +$,#'%-+.)( ωD #()*#! ηD $/0$,$1'- A∗ A∗
- 20. 1 Light Flavor Spectrum No light pions - Only eta prime No hadronic decays ~1 dozen quasi stable particles 2Λdark 2++ 1−+ 2−− 2 +− 1+− 0−− 0−+ 1− − Λdark 0++ 0+− J ++ J +− J −+ J −− Only “weak” decays: quasi-stable particles !#$%'' +$,#'%-+.)( ωD #()*#! ηD $/0$,$1'- A∗ A∗ Some short-lived Some long lived Lots of visible particles
- 21. Multiple Light Flavor Spectrum Light pions mπ = mq Λdark I=0 I=1 Λdark J ++ J +− J −+ J −− J ++ J +− J −+ J −−
- 22. Multiple Light Flavor Spectrum Light pions mπ = mq Λdark I=0 I=1 Λdark Decays to Dark Pions J ++ J +− J −+ J −− J ++ J +− J −+ J −−
- 23. Multiple Light Flavor Spectrum Light pions mπ = mq Λdark I=0 I=1 Λdark Decays to Dark Pions J ++ J +− J −+ J −− J ++ J +− J −+ J −− ¯ qq qq¯ q q q q ¯ ¯ π∼ .. .
- 24. Multiple Light Flavor Spectrum Light pions mπ = mq Λdark I=0 I=1 Λdark Decays to Dark Pions J ++ J +− J −+ J −− J ++ J +− J −+ J −− ¯ qq qq¯ few q q q q ¯ ¯ Unstable O(NF ) π∼ visible .. . Stable O(NF ) 2 particles
- 25. No light flavors “Quirks” (Luty et al 2008) Spectra similar to 1 light flavor (Lattice calculations available) We don’t know how to hadronize (how to cut color lines) More theory work necessary
- 26. Plan of Talk Non-Abelian Dark Sectors DAMA Producing Dark Sector Generic Signatures
- 27. Two-Lepton Lepton Jets 2 oppositely signed leptons in a small cone + − + − ∆RSignal 0.1 ∼ Hadron Ad 0.1 ∆RIso 0.4 ∼ ∼ Hadron µ+ µ− e+ e−
- 28. Four-Lepton Lepton Jet Multistep cascade Decay Topology Relevant Parameters pT φ1 mφ1 mφ2 φ2 φ2 cτφ1 cτφ2 φ1 Displaced Vertices ∆RSignal 0.1 cτφ1 ∼ 0.1 ∆RIso 0.4 ∼ ∼ cτφ2
- 29. Outlook Non-Abelian Dark Sectors dynamics can explain anomalies New collider signatures predicted How to match signals on to theories? Advances in theory are needed Hadronization Hadronic spectrum Showering Lots of work in progress...