International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
The document discusses a study on purchase behavior of mobile phones among women. It analyzes key factors that influence women's mobile phone purchasing decisions, such as price, brand, and expectations about future price changes. The brand ambassador of a product can also impact purchasing preferences. The mobile phone industry is growing rapidly, especially in emerging markets like Asia and Africa. India has over 840 million mobile users and is a major manufacturer of mobile phones.
This document discusses mobile commerce (m-commerce) and the technologies that enable it. It provides details on:
- The growth of m-commerce globally, with regions like Asia-Pacific, the Middle East and Africa seeing over half of online shoppers making purchases through mobile devices by 2014.
- Factors driving m-commerce growth like a study finding it will grow 42% annually, tripling the growth of overall e-commerce.
- Technologies that power m-commerce transactions, including GSM, GPRS, EDGE, UMTS, WiMAX, UWB, RFID and wireless network standards.
- Potential applications of wireless technologies in areas like field service, sales, healthcare
Mobile communications are fundamentally changing how businesses interact with consumers. Mobile use is growing exponentially faster than previous technologies. Location-based targeting and real-time interactions allow novel ways for businesses to engage customers via mobile. However, many U.S. businesses have been slow to capitalize on mobile opportunities for optimizing stakeholder interactions and data collection.
Exploring Key Factors Affecting the Adoption of Mobile Commerce: A Case of Pu...paperpublications3
Abstract: The purpose of this research is how to apply TAM model proposed by Davis, F. D. (1989) and Marketing factor to improve the purchasing intention on luxury fashion products via Mobile commerce. Conceptual Framework is mainly based on 3 hypotheses, 7 sub variables. (Fashion Innovativeness, Fashion Involvement, Brand image, and the constructs Perceived usefulness, Perceived ease of use, Social influence, Security) Quantitative research is used to determine the relationship between independent variable and dependent variable. All hypotheses tested factor analysis, Reliability, Correlations, and Multiple regressions. Data were collected from 253 respondents through online questionnaires within the period of 1st of February to 25th of March 2016. Computer program Statistical Package for the social science (SPSS) software was used to analyze the data. Our results illustrated that all variables have positive related on purchase intention. There is no doubt Mobile technologies have the potential to bring changes to traditional shopping.
Consumer perception towards smartphones.Mayanksng07
This document provides an introduction and overview of smartphones. It discusses the history and evolution of smartphones from early devices that combined mobile phones and PDAs in the 1990s to modern operating systems like Android and iOS. It profiles key features of smartphones like touchscreens, mobile broadband, apps, and advanced computing capabilities. The document also outlines objectives and methodology for a research project on consumer perceptions and preferences for smartphone brands.
A project report on brand preference of mobile phonesProjects Kart
This document is a project report on brand preference of mobile phones. It includes an acknowledgement, preface, introduction on cellular/mobile phones and the telecom industry in India. It discusses the key players in the Indian telecom market like Nokia, Motorola, Samsung, LG and Sony Ericsson. The document also includes sections on research methodology, data analysis, findings and recommendations.
Consumers’ Behaviour on Sony Xperia: A Case Study on Bangladeshiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
The document discusses a study on purchase behavior of mobile phones among women. It analyzes key factors that influence women's mobile phone purchasing decisions, such as price, brand, and expectations about future price changes. The brand ambassador of a product can also impact purchasing preferences. The mobile phone industry is growing rapidly, especially in emerging markets like Asia and Africa. India has over 840 million mobile users and is a major manufacturer of mobile phones.
This document discusses mobile commerce (m-commerce) and the technologies that enable it. It provides details on:
- The growth of m-commerce globally, with regions like Asia-Pacific, the Middle East and Africa seeing over half of online shoppers making purchases through mobile devices by 2014.
- Factors driving m-commerce growth like a study finding it will grow 42% annually, tripling the growth of overall e-commerce.
- Technologies that power m-commerce transactions, including GSM, GPRS, EDGE, UMTS, WiMAX, UWB, RFID and wireless network standards.
- Potential applications of wireless technologies in areas like field service, sales, healthcare
Mobile communications are fundamentally changing how businesses interact with consumers. Mobile use is growing exponentially faster than previous technologies. Location-based targeting and real-time interactions allow novel ways for businesses to engage customers via mobile. However, many U.S. businesses have been slow to capitalize on mobile opportunities for optimizing stakeholder interactions and data collection.
Exploring Key Factors Affecting the Adoption of Mobile Commerce: A Case of Pu...paperpublications3
Abstract: The purpose of this research is how to apply TAM model proposed by Davis, F. D. (1989) and Marketing factor to improve the purchasing intention on luxury fashion products via Mobile commerce. Conceptual Framework is mainly based on 3 hypotheses, 7 sub variables. (Fashion Innovativeness, Fashion Involvement, Brand image, and the constructs Perceived usefulness, Perceived ease of use, Social influence, Security) Quantitative research is used to determine the relationship between independent variable and dependent variable. All hypotheses tested factor analysis, Reliability, Correlations, and Multiple regressions. Data were collected from 253 respondents through online questionnaires within the period of 1st of February to 25th of March 2016. Computer program Statistical Package for the social science (SPSS) software was used to analyze the data. Our results illustrated that all variables have positive related on purchase intention. There is no doubt Mobile technologies have the potential to bring changes to traditional shopping.
Consumer perception towards smartphones.Mayanksng07
This document provides an introduction and overview of smartphones. It discusses the history and evolution of smartphones from early devices that combined mobile phones and PDAs in the 1990s to modern operating systems like Android and iOS. It profiles key features of smartphones like touchscreens, mobile broadband, apps, and advanced computing capabilities. The document also outlines objectives and methodology for a research project on consumer perceptions and preferences for smartphone brands.
A project report on brand preference of mobile phonesProjects Kart
This document is a project report on brand preference of mobile phones. It includes an acknowledgement, preface, introduction on cellular/mobile phones and the telecom industry in India. It discusses the key players in the Indian telecom market like Nokia, Motorola, Samsung, LG and Sony Ericsson. The document also includes sections on research methodology, data analysis, findings and recommendations.
Consumers’ Behaviour on Sony Xperia: A Case Study on Bangladeshiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Mobile Payments: How U.S. Banks Can Deal with Disruptive ChangeCognizant
Banks are well-positioned to benefit from mobile payments, if they invest in the technology infrastructure and forge strong partnerships to out-maneuver emerging non-traditional players.
mobile PHONE INDUSTRY COMPANY’S MARKETING STRATEGYMr Nyak
N CELLULAR PHONE INDUSTRY
COMPANY’S MARKETING STRATEGY Keywords - Competition, Porter. M analysis of 5 forces, Marketing strategy, market leader,
market challenger, market follower
I. INTRODUCTION
However it’s been only over 10 years since cellular phone industry has developed in
Mongolia, marketing activities have already been formed and considered as a very
special market. Customer satisfaction level, firm’s effectiveness and to be considered as
a market leader are all dependable on marketing management activities. The bitter the
rivalry is the more demanding the consumers are and their expectations’ level will be
higher. According to that, firms’ customer retaining policy and finding new consumers’
have intensified. Thus, studying about competitor’s activity and strategy theoretically
and using the information about competitors in own company’s activities have become
very important issue to marketers.
This document discusses mobile advertising and its growth as a marketing medium. It explores the types of mobile devices, how consumers use mobile devices, and different formats for mobile advertisements. The document also covers trends in mobile advertising such as geo-location targeting and growth in mobile video. It predicts that the future of mobile advertising is bright and will be driven by technology enabling better targeting, location capabilities, and more content delivery opportunities.
Research in Motion (RIM) was founded in 1984 and is best known for developing the BlackBerry wireless device. It has experienced significant growth but also faces pressures from external forces in the mobile device industry. A PESTEL analysis identifies political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal factors impacting RIM. Politically, government security concerns in countries like China and India could hamper sales, while regulations in Europe impact operations. Economic uncertainties and exchange rate fluctuations also influence RIM's global business.
Customer preferences while purchasing Smart phone in India.Amar Girdhar
Dissertation project undertaken for partial fulfillment of MBA under Institute of Management,Nirma University.
The study comprised of understanding the customer perception towards smartphone over the feature phone. It also encompasses the factors that influence the decision making process of smartphone. The sample units comprised of mobile phone users i.e. feature phone as well as smartphone in the Tier-I cities (New Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, etc.) and Tier –II cities (Ahmedabad, Surat, etc.), out of them mostly belong to middle and upper SEC. The study involves a sample of 120 respondents based on convenience sampling. It also consists of understanding the motivation behind the purchase of smartphone and the sources of information search which would assist in devising strategies to position smartphone brand.
M-commerce refers to commerce conducted on mobile devices. It allows users to access online networks and make transactions from anywhere. Some key points of the document include:
- M-commerce began in 1997 with Coca-Cola vending machines enabled for payments by mobile phones in Finland.
- It has advantages over e-commerce like being more portable and convenient as transactions can occur anywhere.
- Popular applications of m-commerce include mobile ticketing, money transfers, content purchases, banking, and information services.
- Payment methods include premium phone rates, direct mobile billing, micro/macro payments, and mobile wallets.
Consumer behavior towards smartphones - A market research paper by Vyshak Iye...Vyshak Iyengar
- The document summarizes a study on consumer behavior towards smartphones in Bangalore, India. It analyzes factors influencing smartphone purchases such as brand, price, specifications, operating system, and battery life.
- The study found that most respondents were male, under 20 years old, using Samsung smartphones followed by Motorola and Apple. Key purchasing criteria included battery life, specifications, price, operating system, and brand image.
- The sample size was limited and may not represent all of Bangalore. However, the study provides insight into how demographic and socioeconomic factors influence consumer choices in India's emerging smartphone market.
ABSTRACT: The purpose of this research paper is to analyse the significant growth of Mobile commerce in India. The significant growth of M-commerce application is remarkable in India. More and more consumer is transferring to M-commerce to achieve better and fast transaction into market. M-commerce is complex in nature and includes changing procedure in market. Mcommerce is emerging level in India. The astounding rate growth in mobile penetration in India, higher mobile technology and networking is coming day by day. Now a mobile phone is not only use for text SMS or phone call but also be used for many other activities like browsing of internet chatting or other virtual activities
Smartphone Consumer Behaviour E-Commerce M-Commerce MBA OUMShah Sheikh
This document provides an overview of smart phone consumer behavior and mobile commerce (m-commerce). It discusses key topics such as:
1. Global smart phone market trends, with Android dominating at 82.8% market share in Q2 2015. Samsung has the largest brand share at 21.4%.
2. The Engel, Kollat and Blackwell model of consumer behavior, which outlines five stages of the buying decision process: problem recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, and post-purchase behavior.
3. How m-commerce involves performing transactions through mobile apps and websites, as opposed to traditional retail stores. Major online and mobile retailers like Tesco and Jetstar are discussed as
A Comparative Study between Samsung and Apple Smart Phones-Saudi Arabian Wome...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
This study analyzed the brand preferences of 200 female university students in Saudi Arabia between Apple and Samsung smartphones. The key findings were:
1) The students showed an equal preference for Apple and Samsung brands, with 50% preferring each.
2) Usage time varied significantly, but most students used their phones 4-6 hours per day. The most important features were battery life, camera quality, and available apps.
3) In measures of brand loyalty, 70% saw Apple as a strong brand and 40% saw Samsung as strong, but over half would stay loyal to their current brand even if other brands had the same features. The study found preferences between the brands to be equal among this group.
Impact of M-Commerce Technologies on Developing Countriesijtsrd
M commerce is defined as any transaction with monetary value that is conducted via a mobile telecommunication network. M commerce like E commerce can be B2B business to business , P2P person to person or B2C business to customer oriented. The framework divides into couple sub areas based on user's distribution criterion. Mobile E commerce addresses electronic commerce via mobile devices, where the consumer is not in physical or eye contact with the goods that are being purchased. On the contrary in M trade the consumer has eye contact with offered products and services. In both case the payment procedure is executed via the mobile network. Prof. Rekha D. M | Divya. L "Impact of M-Commerce Technologies on Developing Countries" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29410.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-network/29410/impact-of-m-commerce-technologies-on-developing-countries/prof-rekha-d-m
This document provides a summary of a master's thesis that proposes a business model for mobile operators to reach emerging market middle classes with affordable mobile internet. The thesis conducted an end user analysis of needs and demands in emerging markets and a marketing analysis. It identified two middle class segments - a lower segment earning $2-12/day living rurally, and a higher segment earning $12-50/day living urbally. The thesis calculated average monthly ICT service prices of $10.83 and $46.85 for these segments respectively. The business model proposal suggests tailored local services and IT learning for the lower segment, and international services like Facebook for the higher English-speaking segment.
customer Buying perception towards mobile phones with special reference to Mo...Adil Hussain
Motorola was established in 1928 and started as a manufacturer of car radios. It has since expanded into many areas of technology including semiconductors, mobile phones, wireless infrastructure, and more. Motorola developed key technologies like the walkie talkie and six sigma quality system. However, it has also spun off several business units over time into separate companies when they did not fit its core focus. Currently, Motorola focuses on enterprise and home mobility solutions, and developing innovative wireless technologies and devices.
Factors Affecting Mobile Phone Brand Preference Empirical Study on Sri LankaRiyath Ismail
Abstract
This study gives an insight into the mobile market industry in Sri Lanka. Mobile phone manufactures and marketers are facing hyper competition in Sri Lanka as well as in the world mobile market. Mobile phone marketers should have clear idea about the factors which are affecting the choice of the mobile phone to design, produce, set price, communicate and promote the mobile phone in such manner to get more market share and win whole hard of the potential consumers and stakeholders. This study aims to find out the factors which are affecting the choice of a particular mobile brand when make purchase decision with reference to Sri Lankan university students. The primary data collected through online-based questionnaire designed and then sent to randomly selected students to respond who are following any programme of study in universities island-wide. Descriptive statistics; mean and standard deviation are used to identify the factors those are affecting the mobile brand preference. Price, stylish appearances and perceived quality are found as very important factors on purchase decision when selecting a mobile phone brand.
A project report on brand preference of mobile phonesProjects Kart
The document discusses the history and development of the telecom industry in India, from its beginnings in 1851 with landline services to the modern mobile phone industry. It describes how the industry was initially state-run but has since opened up to private operators. Major players in the current mobile market include Airtel, Vodafone, Idea, Reliance, and Tata, with the industry experiencing rapid growth in subscribers.
The document provides an overview and analysis of the smartphone market in India. Some key points:
- Smartphone shipments in India are expected to rise from 27.8 million in 2012 to 155.6 million in 2017, making India the third largest smartphone market.
- Major drivers of growth include decreasing mobile prices, increasing consumer incomes, and expanding mobile internet access. Challenges include low rural penetration and security/privacy concerns.
- Android dominates the Indian market with over 75% share, followed by Blackberry, Symbian, iOS, and Windows. Large screens, dual SIMs, and multi-core processors are emerging trends.
- Samsung leads the Indian market, followed by Micromax,
Consumer acceptance of app only model of e commerceAkash Gupta
A study to access consumer acceptance level of app only model of e-commerce companies. A research project report involving a survey report with validation of result using analytics.
This document presents a study on customer attitudes towards smartphones in Madurai District, India. It begins with an introduction on the importance of smartphones today. It then describes the objectives and methodology of the study, which involved collecting primary data from 250 smartphone users through questionnaires. Several tables and charts present the findings of the study, which analyzed customers' demographic information, mobile brand and operating system used, and common usage purposes of smartphones. The key findings were that most respondents were male, aged 17-26, used Android operating systems, and chat/browse as their main smartphone usage.
IJCER (www.ijceronline.com) International Journal of computational Engineerin...ijceronline
The document discusses determining the fatigue behavior of engine damper cap screw bolts. It begins with an abstract that outlines testing cap screw bolts under different alternating loads to determine their fatigue strength using the S-N method. It then provides background on issues like insufficient bolt preload leading to failure. The document describes testing the mechanical properties of damper cap screw bolts, including hardness, ultimate tensile strength from tension tests, and evaluating their chemical composition. It aims to determine the cap screw bolts' fatigue strength and failure locations under fatigue testing.
Improving and Comparing the Coefficient of Performance of Domestic Refgirator...ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
Enhancement of the Performance of Hydraulic Power Pack by Increasing Heat Dis...ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
Mobile Payments: How U.S. Banks Can Deal with Disruptive ChangeCognizant
Banks are well-positioned to benefit from mobile payments, if they invest in the technology infrastructure and forge strong partnerships to out-maneuver emerging non-traditional players.
mobile PHONE INDUSTRY COMPANY’S MARKETING STRATEGYMr Nyak
N CELLULAR PHONE INDUSTRY
COMPANY’S MARKETING STRATEGY Keywords - Competition, Porter. M analysis of 5 forces, Marketing strategy, market leader,
market challenger, market follower
I. INTRODUCTION
However it’s been only over 10 years since cellular phone industry has developed in
Mongolia, marketing activities have already been formed and considered as a very
special market. Customer satisfaction level, firm’s effectiveness and to be considered as
a market leader are all dependable on marketing management activities. The bitter the
rivalry is the more demanding the consumers are and their expectations’ level will be
higher. According to that, firms’ customer retaining policy and finding new consumers’
have intensified. Thus, studying about competitor’s activity and strategy theoretically
and using the information about competitors in own company’s activities have become
very important issue to marketers.
This document discusses mobile advertising and its growth as a marketing medium. It explores the types of mobile devices, how consumers use mobile devices, and different formats for mobile advertisements. The document also covers trends in mobile advertising such as geo-location targeting and growth in mobile video. It predicts that the future of mobile advertising is bright and will be driven by technology enabling better targeting, location capabilities, and more content delivery opportunities.
Research in Motion (RIM) was founded in 1984 and is best known for developing the BlackBerry wireless device. It has experienced significant growth but also faces pressures from external forces in the mobile device industry. A PESTEL analysis identifies political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal factors impacting RIM. Politically, government security concerns in countries like China and India could hamper sales, while regulations in Europe impact operations. Economic uncertainties and exchange rate fluctuations also influence RIM's global business.
Customer preferences while purchasing Smart phone in India.Amar Girdhar
Dissertation project undertaken for partial fulfillment of MBA under Institute of Management,Nirma University.
The study comprised of understanding the customer perception towards smartphone over the feature phone. It also encompasses the factors that influence the decision making process of smartphone. The sample units comprised of mobile phone users i.e. feature phone as well as smartphone in the Tier-I cities (New Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, etc.) and Tier –II cities (Ahmedabad, Surat, etc.), out of them mostly belong to middle and upper SEC. The study involves a sample of 120 respondents based on convenience sampling. It also consists of understanding the motivation behind the purchase of smartphone and the sources of information search which would assist in devising strategies to position smartphone brand.
M-commerce refers to commerce conducted on mobile devices. It allows users to access online networks and make transactions from anywhere. Some key points of the document include:
- M-commerce began in 1997 with Coca-Cola vending machines enabled for payments by mobile phones in Finland.
- It has advantages over e-commerce like being more portable and convenient as transactions can occur anywhere.
- Popular applications of m-commerce include mobile ticketing, money transfers, content purchases, banking, and information services.
- Payment methods include premium phone rates, direct mobile billing, micro/macro payments, and mobile wallets.
Consumer behavior towards smartphones - A market research paper by Vyshak Iye...Vyshak Iyengar
- The document summarizes a study on consumer behavior towards smartphones in Bangalore, India. It analyzes factors influencing smartphone purchases such as brand, price, specifications, operating system, and battery life.
- The study found that most respondents were male, under 20 years old, using Samsung smartphones followed by Motorola and Apple. Key purchasing criteria included battery life, specifications, price, operating system, and brand image.
- The sample size was limited and may not represent all of Bangalore. However, the study provides insight into how demographic and socioeconomic factors influence consumer choices in India's emerging smartphone market.
ABSTRACT: The purpose of this research paper is to analyse the significant growth of Mobile commerce in India. The significant growth of M-commerce application is remarkable in India. More and more consumer is transferring to M-commerce to achieve better and fast transaction into market. M-commerce is complex in nature and includes changing procedure in market. Mcommerce is emerging level in India. The astounding rate growth in mobile penetration in India, higher mobile technology and networking is coming day by day. Now a mobile phone is not only use for text SMS or phone call but also be used for many other activities like browsing of internet chatting or other virtual activities
Smartphone Consumer Behaviour E-Commerce M-Commerce MBA OUMShah Sheikh
This document provides an overview of smart phone consumer behavior and mobile commerce (m-commerce). It discusses key topics such as:
1. Global smart phone market trends, with Android dominating at 82.8% market share in Q2 2015. Samsung has the largest brand share at 21.4%.
2. The Engel, Kollat and Blackwell model of consumer behavior, which outlines five stages of the buying decision process: problem recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, and post-purchase behavior.
3. How m-commerce involves performing transactions through mobile apps and websites, as opposed to traditional retail stores. Major online and mobile retailers like Tesco and Jetstar are discussed as
A Comparative Study between Samsung and Apple Smart Phones-Saudi Arabian Wome...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
This study analyzed the brand preferences of 200 female university students in Saudi Arabia between Apple and Samsung smartphones. The key findings were:
1) The students showed an equal preference for Apple and Samsung brands, with 50% preferring each.
2) Usage time varied significantly, but most students used their phones 4-6 hours per day. The most important features were battery life, camera quality, and available apps.
3) In measures of brand loyalty, 70% saw Apple as a strong brand and 40% saw Samsung as strong, but over half would stay loyal to their current brand even if other brands had the same features. The study found preferences between the brands to be equal among this group.
Impact of M-Commerce Technologies on Developing Countriesijtsrd
M commerce is defined as any transaction with monetary value that is conducted via a mobile telecommunication network. M commerce like E commerce can be B2B business to business , P2P person to person or B2C business to customer oriented. The framework divides into couple sub areas based on user's distribution criterion. Mobile E commerce addresses electronic commerce via mobile devices, where the consumer is not in physical or eye contact with the goods that are being purchased. On the contrary in M trade the consumer has eye contact with offered products and services. In both case the payment procedure is executed via the mobile network. Prof. Rekha D. M | Divya. L "Impact of M-Commerce Technologies on Developing Countries" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29410.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-network/29410/impact-of-m-commerce-technologies-on-developing-countries/prof-rekha-d-m
This document provides a summary of a master's thesis that proposes a business model for mobile operators to reach emerging market middle classes with affordable mobile internet. The thesis conducted an end user analysis of needs and demands in emerging markets and a marketing analysis. It identified two middle class segments - a lower segment earning $2-12/day living rurally, and a higher segment earning $12-50/day living urbally. The thesis calculated average monthly ICT service prices of $10.83 and $46.85 for these segments respectively. The business model proposal suggests tailored local services and IT learning for the lower segment, and international services like Facebook for the higher English-speaking segment.
customer Buying perception towards mobile phones with special reference to Mo...Adil Hussain
Motorola was established in 1928 and started as a manufacturer of car radios. It has since expanded into many areas of technology including semiconductors, mobile phones, wireless infrastructure, and more. Motorola developed key technologies like the walkie talkie and six sigma quality system. However, it has also spun off several business units over time into separate companies when they did not fit its core focus. Currently, Motorola focuses on enterprise and home mobility solutions, and developing innovative wireless technologies and devices.
Factors Affecting Mobile Phone Brand Preference Empirical Study on Sri LankaRiyath Ismail
Abstract
This study gives an insight into the mobile market industry in Sri Lanka. Mobile phone manufactures and marketers are facing hyper competition in Sri Lanka as well as in the world mobile market. Mobile phone marketers should have clear idea about the factors which are affecting the choice of the mobile phone to design, produce, set price, communicate and promote the mobile phone in such manner to get more market share and win whole hard of the potential consumers and stakeholders. This study aims to find out the factors which are affecting the choice of a particular mobile brand when make purchase decision with reference to Sri Lankan university students. The primary data collected through online-based questionnaire designed and then sent to randomly selected students to respond who are following any programme of study in universities island-wide. Descriptive statistics; mean and standard deviation are used to identify the factors those are affecting the mobile brand preference. Price, stylish appearances and perceived quality are found as very important factors on purchase decision when selecting a mobile phone brand.
A project report on brand preference of mobile phonesProjects Kart
The document discusses the history and development of the telecom industry in India, from its beginnings in 1851 with landline services to the modern mobile phone industry. It describes how the industry was initially state-run but has since opened up to private operators. Major players in the current mobile market include Airtel, Vodafone, Idea, Reliance, and Tata, with the industry experiencing rapid growth in subscribers.
The document provides an overview and analysis of the smartphone market in India. Some key points:
- Smartphone shipments in India are expected to rise from 27.8 million in 2012 to 155.6 million in 2017, making India the third largest smartphone market.
- Major drivers of growth include decreasing mobile prices, increasing consumer incomes, and expanding mobile internet access. Challenges include low rural penetration and security/privacy concerns.
- Android dominates the Indian market with over 75% share, followed by Blackberry, Symbian, iOS, and Windows. Large screens, dual SIMs, and multi-core processors are emerging trends.
- Samsung leads the Indian market, followed by Micromax,
Consumer acceptance of app only model of e commerceAkash Gupta
A study to access consumer acceptance level of app only model of e-commerce companies. A research project report involving a survey report with validation of result using analytics.
This document presents a study on customer attitudes towards smartphones in Madurai District, India. It begins with an introduction on the importance of smartphones today. It then describes the objectives and methodology of the study, which involved collecting primary data from 250 smartphone users through questionnaires. Several tables and charts present the findings of the study, which analyzed customers' demographic information, mobile brand and operating system used, and common usage purposes of smartphones. The key findings were that most respondents were male, aged 17-26, used Android operating systems, and chat/browse as their main smartphone usage.
IJCER (www.ijceronline.com) International Journal of computational Engineerin...ijceronline
The document discusses determining the fatigue behavior of engine damper cap screw bolts. It begins with an abstract that outlines testing cap screw bolts under different alternating loads to determine their fatigue strength using the S-N method. It then provides background on issues like insufficient bolt preload leading to failure. The document describes testing the mechanical properties of damper cap screw bolts, including hardness, ultimate tensile strength from tension tests, and evaluating their chemical composition. It aims to determine the cap screw bolts' fatigue strength and failure locations under fatigue testing.
Improving and Comparing the Coefficient of Performance of Domestic Refgirator...ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
Enhancement of the Performance of Hydraulic Power Pack by Increasing Heat Dis...ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
On (1,2)*-πgθ-CLOSED SETS IN BITOPOLOGICAL SPACESijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
Stochastic Model to Find the Diagnostic Reliability of Gallbladder Ejection F...ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
1. The document discusses mobile commerce (m-commerce), including its history and future growth potential. M-commerce allows people to access information and make purchases from mobile devices like smartphones.
2. It outlines the m-commerce value chain, including major players like device manufacturers, application providers, content providers, and service providers. It also discusses enabling technologies and considerations for m-commerce applications and business models.
3. The document covers both opportunities for and challenges facing m-commerce adoption. Opportunities include personalization and convenience for users. Challenges include developing mobile-friendly websites and apps and addressing limitations of small screens and data speeds on mobile networks.
This document discusses mobile commerce (m-commerce) in India, including current usage and issues. It notes that while smartphone ownership is increasing in India, m-commerce usage faces challenges like security concerns, language barriers, and low internet speeds outside of major cities. The document also outlines some popular m-commerce applications in India, such as apps for ticketing, food delivery, retail shopping, and banking. However, issues like complexity, ROPO (research online, purchase offline) behavior, and lack of support for regional languages still hamper broader m-commerce adoption in India. The security of financial transactions over mobile also remains a significant concern for users.
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This study empirically explored the direct effect of e-commerce knowledge and perceived ease of use
on customer acceptance of IT and Migration intention to mobile banking in the province of Aceh, Indonesia. It
also attempted to investigate the indirect effect of the e-commerce knowledge and perceived ease of use on
migration intention to mobile banking through customer acceptance of IT.
Efficient m commerce marketing application based internet of things using nea...IAEME Publication
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This document discusses factors affecting individuals' adoption of mobile banking. It employs the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model with age and gender as moderating effects to investigate what influences individuals to adopt mobile banking. The findings from this research can help banks design effective marketing campaigns and customize service options for specific customer segments in the context of electronic banking. While much research has been done on internet banking, relative few studies have explored mobile banking adoption, so more research is needed to understand what drives people to adopt mobile banking.
Mobile commerce refers to transactions initiated and completed using mobile devices. It allows consumers to purchase goods and services from sellers using their mobile phones. Key technologies that enable mobile commerce include wireless networks, GPS, and mobile payment systems. While still growing, mobile commerce provides consumers with ubiquity, as they can access information anywhere at any time from their mobile devices.
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Investigation into the Impact of the Usability Factor on the Acceptance of Mo...CSCJournals
Both the rapid advances in wireless technologies and the high proliferation rate of mobile communication services and artefacts have had a profound impact on industry, and are beginning to offer interesting and advantageous new services. In particular, the mobile transaction (m- transaction) system has emerged, enabling users to pay for physical and digital goods and services using their mobile devices whenever they want, regardless of their location. Although it is anticipated that m-transactions will enjoy a bright future, there is apparently still reluctance among users to accept mobile transactions, particularly in Saudi Arabia. Furthermore, it is believed that usability is critical to the success and acceptance of mobile technology innovations in general, and m-transactions in particular. While most of the research into IT innovation acceptance is based on TAM (Technology Acceptance Model) and its many variants, the literature review reveals that there is little research on mobile application usability as an important antecedent factor for the success and acceptance of mobile technologies. This is particularly true in developing countries, especially the Middle East, therefore this project aims to fill this gap in the research. This paper is an extension of four previous studies by the authors, which indicated that usability is the most influential factor in Saudi users’ intentions of utilising mobile transactions. It aims to investigate and empirically test the usability level of mobile transactions from the perspective of Saudi users; this will be achieved by conducting usability experiments with real mobile applications within the target group. In other words, this study is a part of a larger research project and it serves as a validation/verification tool to answer the question “Why does the ease of use of mobile transactions have the highest impact on the intention to use mobile transactions in Saudi Arabia?” Moreover, it will produce a set of empirically-based recommendations for the developers and providers of mobile applications who are interested in the Saudi market. The results of the this study showed that the usability of the tested application, which is considered one of the most popular commercial mobile application in Saudi Arabia, (i.e. ‘Souq.com’), is unsatisfactory, with an average SUS Score of 50. Not surprisingly, this low usability negatively affected the willingness of the participants to use the application again.
The multiplier effect phenomenon is a characteristic of Internet technology: internationally the Internet is the tap root of many significant developments in economic and social life. This paper was conceived during my study of one of these developments, electronic commerce (e-Commerce). E-commerce has generated a vast body of knowledge incorporating thoughts from many disciplines. This paper follows mobile marketing one of the trails in the corporate marketing dimension of e-commerce. Based exclusively on relevant professional literature, it speaks to the adaptation of certain marketing traditions to mobile devices: cell phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), smartphones. Thus, this paper projects the marriage of
technological innovation and commercial traditions: mobile devices are the technological innovation; careful composition of messages and couponing are among the commercial traditions.
The survey of over 400 mobile industry professionals explored technical issues, policies, and their impact on the industry. Respondents wanted more information on device performance and control over applications. Fragmented APIs were seen as a major barrier to application development. There was no consensus on whether the browser is currently the main application environment, but most agreed it will be in 1-3 years if standards-based interfaces and support for markup languages and push data are adopted.
A STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK FOR MOBILE PAYMENTSIJMIT JOURNAL
With the exponential proliferation of mobile devices, smart phones and apps in the consumer market,
mobile payment is emerging as a key area to revolutionise the everyday financial life of both consumers
and merchants. The past few years have witnessed an increase in the adoption of digital payments and
online billing methods that leverage on wireless technologies and the Internet. However, the success or
failure of mobile payments in businesses is a hot topic today due to the multi-faceted factors such as, type
of wireless technologies used, security and privacy, the players involved and their influencing business
models, including consumer factors relating to interoperability, flexibility, ease-of-use and social
marketing. This paper examines mobile payments in all perspectives: technical, social as well as business
viewpoints and provides a strategic framework for a successful mobile payment adoption.
Strategic framework for mobile paymentsIJMIT JOURNAL
With the exponential proliferation of mobile devices, smart phones and apps in the consumer market, mobile payment is emerging as a key area to revolutionise the everyday financial life of both consumers and merchants. The past few years have witnessed an increase in the adoption of digital payments and
online billing methods that leverage on wireless technologies and the Internet. However, the success or failure of mobile payments in businesses is a hot topic today due to the multi-faceted factors such as, type of wireless technologies used, security and privacy, the players involved and their influencing business models, including consumer factors relating to interoperability, flexibility, ease-of-use and social
marketing. This paper examines mobile payments in all perspectives: technical, social as well as business
viewpoints and provides a strategic framework for a successful mobile payment adoption.
E-Commerce and mobile technologiesDepartment of Informat.docxsagarlesley
E-Commerce and mobile technologies
Department of Information Technology Management
Management Information Systems – BA60274 H2
Group Presentation
Uday Akkineni (544244)
Shirisha Nagula (546320)
Praveen Kodali (547076)
Under the guidance of
Dr. Sunny.O.Onyiri
Table of Contents
Introduction
Why Use of E-Commerce and Mobile Technologies
Little History on E-Commerce and Mobile Technologies
The Process of E-Commerce and Mobile Technologies
Types of E-Commerce and Types of Devices
Benefits of Mobile Technology
Pros of E-Commerce
Conclusion
References and Citations
Introduction
E-Commerce in words is a process of a purchase/selling of goods and services.
In other words, it comprises of trading entity related to economic values such as goods, information or financial items between peripheral to services.
Mobile technology is a portable technology which runs on operating system which is optimized for mobile computing.
Mobile phones are being directly used by many business/E-Commerce industries in online.
WHY USE OF E-COMMERCE
E-Commerce technology has a very good customer experience which is essential to emerging sales.
Some business units are now planning to create a revolution using the digital experiences where the delivery is more quick and simplifying the procedures.
These technologies now has a very easy access to global market because at any point of time the world encourages new inventions and discoveries that are expected from E-Commerce industry.
There are few benefits with E-Commerce which provides secure market share, low entry cost.
Why use of mobile technologies
Mobile technologies has there steady advancements in their field with more exploring areas where the thoughts were impossible previously.
With the adventure of mobile, many mobile companies had a significant growth which they turned out into some biggest companies.
Mobile technology allows targeted marketing/E-Commerce firms to track behavior of every mobile application user to drive conversion rates.
Also, mobile technologies offers many personalization features which are very convenient to the users which make the business to grow as big as they are now.
History of e-commerce
Back in 1970’s, there is a methodology called Electronic Funds Transfer which is used by the bankers to exchange the money in the secure networks.
In early 1980’s, the technology changed to Electronic Data Interchange introducing E-Commerce in the companies which is widely used by the business.
Late 1990’s, the World Wide Internet made easy technology for the daily information publishing.
After this innovation, the scale of economies was pretty good and quite cheap to do business and to diverse activities of business.
History of mobile technologies
In 1973 Motorola was the first company to introduce Hand Held Mobile.
In present days, mobile phones have been integrated as a part of human life, the firms are working pretty hard to bring new features to the users.
E-Commerce mobile ap ...
USE OF MOBILE APPLICATIONS FOR THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRYIRJET Journal
This document discusses mobile applications that are used in the construction industry. It begins by providing background on the increasing adoption of smartphones and mobile apps in construction. Popular types of construction apps are described, including those for project management, bidding, building information modeling, accounting, and estimating. Key benefits of using mobile apps in construction include improved communication, access to real-time site information, and increased productivity. Several specific mobile apps developed for and tested in construction projects are also summarized, such as ones for site monitoring, activity management, and infrastructure assessment. Finally, the document analyzes the Powerplay mobile app in more detail, outlining its features for site creation, member management, task uploading, documentation, and more.
An empirical Study of In-App Advertising in Mobile Devices: Indian ScenarioPreetish Panda
It has come out from this study that social applications prevail when it comes to mobile devices. Thus marketers need to leverage with avenue of advertising. Sizeable chunk of respondents are willing to receive mobile ads. But, those who are not willing to receive in-app ads, do not show motivation to accept ads despite of relevant information and incentive. This is big challenge for marketers so as to motivate consumers to accept the communication.
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This document summarizes a research paper that evaluated factors influencing the adoption of mobile banking in Togo using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The researchers developed a hierarchical structure of perceived benefit and perceived sacrifice factors based on a literature review. They distributed a questionnaire to university students in Togo to collect pairwise comparisons of the factors. The AHP analysis revealed that financial risk was the most important factor impacting mobile banking adoption, followed by money saved. This provides insights for Togolese banks on how to improve mobile banking adoption by addressing users' financial and monetary concerns.
This document is a thesis submitted by Adedamola A. Layade to the University of Ibadan in partial fulfillment of a Masters of Business Administration degree. It examines how mobile commerce (m-commerce) can drive future business growth in Nigeria. The thesis provides background on m-commerce and the mobile technology sector in Nigeria. It aims to understand characteristics of potential m-commerce users and factors influencing m-commerce usage. The thesis will also analyze how m-commerce can aid economic growth in Nigeria through improved marketing, advertising and sales on mobile devices.
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A Brief Study on Usability Principles of Mobile Commerce
1. ISSN (e): 2250 – 3005 || Vol, 04 || Issue, 8 || August– 2014 ||
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER)
www.ijceronline.com Open Access Journal Page 20
A Brief Study on Usability Principles of Mobile Commerce Manjot Kaur G.S.S.D.G.S. Khalsa College, Patiala-147001, PUNJAB, INDIA
I. MOBILE COMMERCE-
According to Will (2004) E-Commerce can be defined as a monetary transaction conducted using the combination of interest and a desktop or laptop computer. Likewise, M-commerce is generally known as an extension of e-commerce. M-commerce can be defined as a monetary transactions that take place using wireless internet-enabled technology like handheld computers, mobile phones, personal digital assistant and palmtop computers that allow the freedom of movement for the end user. The Wi-Fi- Wireless Fidelity which is the transmission of short-ranged radio signals between a fixed- based station and an end user’s mobile device is the operating technology that facilitates mobile commerce.Condos et al. (2002) describe that m-commerce combines the advantages of mobile-communication with existing Electronic Commerce applications to permit customers to shop for goods and services virtually from anywhere. The rapid development in telecommunication and innovative thinking about user interface design has greatly facilitated mobile users to take the full advantage of m-commerce. WAP is one of the key enabling technologies of m-commerce that allows mobile users to access the internet from mobile. As a result, the future consumer adoption of m-commerce relies heavily on how easy it is to use WAP in order to access and utilize these services.
II. PROBLEM DISCUSSION
Although, WAP has sufficiently influenced the life style of common people, however the boost in the use of WAP users has not been as fast as the marketer’s expectations (Brewin, 2001). For instance, a report by two large mobile phone carriers found that only 10 percent of 400,000 WAP enabled phones in Asia were used to connect to the Internet, the major reasons are identified as, the poor data quality, slow connections, small screens and poor enjoyment experience has been on the top (Associated Press, 2001; Bangkok Post, 2001). The problems of user interface, limited menu options and screen resolution should be taken into account by the
ABSTRACT :
The widespread use of mobile commerce is no longer a fiction. The future is for mobile technology and mobile commerce. These emerging technologies are getting wide acceptance throughout the world. Mobile commerce getting fast popularity since it allows the freedom of movement and ease of access virtually from anywhere. The future of mobile commerce heavily depends upon how easy and how friendly is this service to use. An effective user friendly interface design plays central role in the success of mobile commerce. Therefore, the main purpose of my research is to evaluate the usability principles of mobile commerce. In this research paper firstly I discussed about the M-Commerce in detail. Definitions of Mobile Commerce given by various authors are explained in brief. In problem discussion various barriers to M-Commerce are identified such as security, tangibility and physical experience. After this, usability of M-Commerce is explained as one of the biggest challenging issue in the adoption of M-Commerce. Essential factors of the M-Commerce acceptance are also outlined. After this a model of attributes of system acceptability is described. In last research questions are defined with the suitable answers. After research it can be concluded that if mobile usability could be improved above "satisfactory" level, it will have direct and positive impact of m-commerce usage and increase in m-commerce business volume.
KEYWORDS: WAP usability, Usability Principles, Mobile commerce, User Interface Design, Principles to support usability, Usability Heuristics, Amazon.com, CNN.com
2. A Study on Usability Principles of…
www.ijceronline.com Open Access Journal Page 21
senders of the information but only to a point since WAP device display screens are presently too small to provide enough information to foster ease of use. Jakob Nielsen (1993) has identified these potential issues of navigation barriers; he figure out that it took 20 clicks to locate a stock quote and 12 clicks to get the location of a Starbucks coffee store. Zaret (2001) conducted a research by providing a sample of WAP enabled mobile phone to users for a week and information on the available content, as result, 70 per cent of the handset holders said they would not use a WAP phone within the next 12 months. Similarly, a research conducted in Japan in May 2001 produced same results that the participants in a large-scale trial of 3G handsets in complained about the short usage periods before battery discharge and the phones were very hot to use due to heavy voltage drains. A commercial research conducted by TNS Interactive (2001) shows consistent results that show that the greatest barriers to m-commerce were, in order of priority:
Security
Tangibility and
Physical experience
The WAP adoption has not been achieved up-to its assumptions even in those countries where internet usage is at its highest growth where internet usage is at its highest growth, for instance, Norway as first in internet usage with (63 per cent) USA being fourth (57 per cent) and Australia seventh (48 per cent), however despite there being almost twice as many cellular phone subscribers as internet households in the USA in 2001, just 12 per cent of the mobile phone owners use WAP shopping. In addition, Phillips (2001) figure out that 39 per cent of cellular phone users were not ready for WAP or did not want to use WAP for shopping. Here a question arises, that, how the marketers will meet the profile needs of cellular phones users to stimulate the WAP usage? According to Whitfield (2003) the wireless technology and mobile computing applications has been overestimated in marketing. It was estimated that in the mobile of 2003 a million new consumers could make video calls, they could watching live football and check e-mail using their WAP enabled phones. The 3G- third generation technology is believed to be accountable for this revolution and new market promotion. However, there are numerous questions about this technology, for instance, what new marketing opportunities will emerge from this technology? What are the limitations of this new promising wireless mobile market? However, it has been noticed that the value creation to the user and to the customer is not always delivered using those emerging technologies
III. M-COMMERCE USABILITY
M-Commerce usability is one of the biggest challenging issues in adopting m-commerce (Ghinea and Angelides, 2004). Since, m-commerce has been deflated in the last few years therefore some doubts and concerns arose about its future (Jarvenpaa et al., 2000). In contrast to e-commerce, research shows new challenges in usability design in mobile commerce that are not limited to, the small screen size, limited screen resolution, limited processing capabilities, inadequate battery power of mobile devices, and bulky input mechanisms (Ghinea and Angelides, 2004).
Similar to Sears and Arora (2002) and Nielsen et al. (2001), Ozok and Wei (2004) has also identified additional usability difficulties with the use of mobile phones including one of the hands being occupied holding mobile phone while data entry is conducted with the other hand using a stylus pen or the keypad. In addition, more difficulties involve information retrieval such as graphics being too small to read and take long time to download.In online sales, the user interface features including web page and content designs are key factors to enhance sales (Cao et al., 2005). In order to satisfy internet commerce usability expectations, the websites needs to be customized according to user interface principles to satisfy both their sensory and functional needs (Bellman et al., 1999). According to Venkatesh et al. (2003) with the aim to establish a successful mobile commerce environment there are certain prerequisites to pursue. A simple conversion of a successful e- commerce business into mobile commerce is not a way of success. Therefore, a step-by-step content translation from e-commerce to m-commerce is not a best solution. There are numerous fundamental challenges needed for transferring websites from e-commerce to mobile commerce such as
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The first factor is related to the human issue connected with the small keypads and limited display interfaces of mobile phones; therefore, mobile commerce website designers should offer shrunk web pages with a limited number of features on the mobile interfaces rather than offering variety of features on e-commerce websites.
Second factor is that the goal is different in mobile commerce, since the key in mobile commerce success is the ability to present content to users in a customized fashion, therefore, the goals mobile commerce customers wants to achieve are different than their goals in the e-commerce environment. Since, in mobile commerce environment goals are often associated with a limited time (Sadeh, 2002). Mobile commerce tends to provide services to support time-critical activities therefore designers have to leverage the desires for specific usability aspects of mobile commerce.
The third factor is associated with cultural differences, Chau et al. (2002) has identified that while designing mobile commerce solution the designers should consider the cultural differences since people have been found as culturally sensitive.
The fourth important factor in mobile commerce is security and privacy. Palen and Salzman (2002) has figure out security as part of the advancement of usability in m-commerce. The issue of information privacy is a growing concern from a customer perspective as in m-commerce the world is a global village.
The fifth vital factor in mobile commerce is user trust. Ozok and Wei (2004) has identified that user trust in secure data transmission using mobile device is considerably high, as compare to e-commerce.
IV. ESSENTIAL FACTORS OF M-COMMERCE ACCEPTANCE
Choi et al.; (2008) has list down the essential factors of m-commerce acceptance in their study of m- commerce in Korea. They figure out that these factors have significant impact on customer satisfaction while using m-commerce. The factors such as ease of navigation ease of use, content quality, perceived usefulness, and mobile portal reliability strongly affect to decide whether the customer should revisit that mobile portal or not. If these factors are considered in mobile portal development it will increase m-commerce usability. Following Figure shows the detailed contents of these essential factors of m-commerce acceptance.
Factors
Description
Researchers
Convenience
Perceived ease of use Ease of Navigation
Cheong and Park (2005), Wu and Wang (2005), Kim et al, (2005)
Transaction Process
Transaction Time Transaction Process
Ghinea and Angelides (2004), Kim et al, (2005)
Mobile portal and Reliability
Systems Perceived risk Perceived system quality Compatibility Product Perceived content quality Degree of content up-to-date Variety of content
Cheong and Park (2005), Wu and Wang (2005), Kim et l, (2005)
Information
Categorization of information Naming of information
Kim et al, (2005)
Price
Cost Perceived level of price
Ghinea and Angelides (2004), Cheong and Park (2005), Wu and Wang (2005)
Security/Privacy Usefulness
Perceived usefulness Usefulness of content
Cheong and Park (2005), Wu and Wang (2005), Kim et al, (2005)
Experience
Internet experience
Cheong and Park (2005)
User behavior
Attitude to m-internet Intention to use
Cheong and Park (2005), Wu and Wang (2005)
Representation
Size of image/text Readability of information Convenience of navigation
Kim et al, (2005)
Figure 1.1 Essential factors of m-commerce acceptance in the previous studies
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Source: Choi et al.; (2008) The above figure illustrates the essential factors of m-commerce acceptance such as “transaction process” and “customization” which lead customer satisfaction when connecting an m-commerce site. However it has unique aspects of “content reliability”, “availability”, and “perceived price level” of mobile Internet which build customers intention to use m-commerce site.
V. USABILITY AND SYSTEM ACCEPTABILITY
According to (Nielsen, 1993) system usability is relatively a minor concern as compared to the larger issues of system acceptability, which is the main question of whether the system is good enough to satisfy user needs and requirements and other potential stakeholders e.g. users, clients and managers. In general, acceptability of a computer system is again a combination of its social acceptability and practical acceptability; for instance, consider a system which investigates whether people applying for unemployment benefits are currently employed or unemployed to prevent fraudulent claims. This can easily be done by verifying information with other systems. Some people might appreciate this fraud-preventing system whereas some people might assume that it un-necessarily delays the benefits to deserving people. In this example, the system is not socially acceptable by peoples of later category; even though the system is practically acceptable since it prevent fraudulent claims.
Utility
Social Acceptability Easy to Learn
Usefulness Efficient to use Easy to remember Few Errors
System Acceptability Subjectively
Cost Compatibility Reliability Etc. Figure 2.2 A model of attributes of system acceptability Source: (Nielsen, 1993) page 25 In this figure, A model of attributes of system acceptability is given which illustrates the different elements of system acceptability. The model is based on four key attributes, included social acceptability, practical acceptability, usefulness, utility and usability, these elements are critical for the successful interface design. The main features of system acceptability also include sub-elements that describe the details against each key segment.
VI. RESEARCH QUESTIONS
Based on problem discussions, I have formulated two research questions which are as follows: RQ1. Does the design of WAP services contain major usability flaws? Research conducted by Ramsay 2001, Condos et al, 2002 and Nielsen 1993 is very much useful to answer our first research question to workout does the design of current WAP services contain major usability flaws?
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Usability Principles for WAP Services defined by Condos et al., (2002)
Avoid unnecessary use of graphics
Avoid long lists and indicate the length of the list
Make important options visible to the user
Provide clear, helpful and meaningful error messages
Avoid dead ends
Format and present content appropriately
Offer consistency in navigation and naming of menu options
Provide the user with sufficient prompting
Minimize user input
Structure tasks to aid the user’s interaction with the system
Usability Principles for WAP Services defined by Ramsay (2001)
E-Navigation and Labeling
Unnecessary browse time
Minimize input
Help Facility
RQ2. How the m-commerce interface design can be made user-friendly? User centered interface design principles and usability principles plays key role to improve interface design. Since, my research is intended to first figure-out any existing flaws in WAP services and in second research question, I will attempt to propose solutions to improve the interface design with the help of valuable research conducted by Nielsen, 1990, Dix et al., 1993, and Preece et al., 1995. Usability heuristics for User Interface Design: Jakob Nielsen (1990)
Visibility of system status
Use user’s own language
User control and freedom
Consistency and standards
Error prevention
Recognition versus Recall
Flexibility of use
Aesthetic and minimalist design
Sensible error messages
Help and documentation
VII. CONCLUSION Mobile commerce is one of the fastest and emerging fields of research. The importance of mobile commerce is an open reality; however a few studies are found on "usability of mobile commerce". Therefore, this field of research required immediate attention of' passionate and enthusiastic researchers. Since, the mobile devices and technology itself changing very quickly, as a result, it open doors for the constant need for the improvement of mobile usability and mobile interface design principles. I would recommend that a future study should be conducted by taking different WAP Portals. Since, we believe that if mobile usability could be improved above "satisfactory" level, it will have direct and positive impact of m- commerce usage and increase in m-commerce business volume.
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