D- X-linked inheritance 1- Red-green colorblindness is a recessive X-l.docx
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D. X-linked inheritance 1. Red-green colorblindness is a recessive X -linked trait in humans. In the problems below, represent the dominant allele using x 0 and the recessive allele using x 6 . (a) If a colorblind man has a child with a homozygous dominant woman, what is the probability that they will have a colorblind daughter? What is the probability that they will have a colorblind son? (b) If a man with normal sight has a child with a heterozygous woman, what is the probability that they will have a colorblind daughter? (c) What is the probability that they will have a colorblind son? Hemophilia is a recessive condition inherited on the X chromosome. Hemophilia was common in the royal families of Europe. For example, Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany had hemophilia. He married Princess Helene Friederike of the Netherlands, who was not a carrier of hemophilia and did not have the disease. The couple had two children, Alice and Charles Edward. (a) What is the probability that Alice had hemophilia? What is the probability that she was a carrier for hemophilia? b) What is the probability that Charles Edward had hemophilia? What is the probability that he was a carrier for hemophilia? (c) An A B child from the marriage of an O mother and an A father? Name (d) An O child from the marriage of an A B father and an A mother? (e) An A child from the marriage of an A B father and a B mother? 3. A woman of blood group A B marries a man of blood group A whose father was group O . What is the probability that: (b) One child will be blood type B and the other blood type O? characters violate this principle. .
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This document discusses several types of non-Mendelian inheritance patterns:
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2. Codominance occurs when both alleles are fully expressed in the phenotype, such as black and white fur in a spotted cow.
3. Multiple alleles exist for a single trait, like multiple coat color genes in animals.
4. Polygenic traits are influenced by multiple genes, such as human skin color.
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Inheritance AssignmentDirections Complete the following assign.docx
Inheritance Assignment
Directions: Complete the following assignment and then enter your answers on Titanium for credit.
I. A homozygous dominant brown mouse is crossed with a heterozygous brown mouse (tan is the recessive color).
1. What is the phenotypic ratio of this cross?
2. What is the probability of having a heterozygous offspring?
II. Two heterozygous red flowers (white flowers are recessive) are crossed.
3. What is the phenotypic ratio of this cross?
4. What is the genotypic ratio of this cross?
5. What is the probability of producing red flowers?
III. Co-dominance: A man who has type A blood has a child with a woman with type B blood, what are the possible genotypes for each parent?
6. Mother:
7. Father:
If the mother is heterozygous and the father is homozygous (your understanding of blood type will tell you if it is dominant or recessive), complete a Punnett square to show the possible blood types of their offspring and answer the question below.
8. What are the possible genotypes of the children?
What is the probability that their children will have:
9. Type A blood:
10. Type B blood:
11. Type O blood:
12. Type AB blood:
IV. Dihybrid cross (2 traits at once) – In rabbits, grey hair (H) is dominant to white hair (h) and black eyes (E) are dominant to red eyes (e).
13. What are the possible allele combinations for a rabbit with the genotype HhEe (Hint: independent assortment)
Complete the cross of the individual above (#13) with a white-haired, red-eyed rabbit.
14. What is the second rabbit’s genotype?
15. What are the chances of having a grey-haired, red-eyed rabbit?
16. What are the chances of having a white-haired, black-eyed rabbit?
V. Sex-linked trait: Color-blindness is a recessive sex-linked trait found on the X chromosomes. A man who is color-blind has a child with a woman who has normal vision (assume she is heterozygous).
17. What are the chances they will have a child who is color-blind?
18. What are the chances a son will be color-blind?
19. What are the chances a daughter will be color-blind?
20. Who are considered carriers of color-blindness?
.
19. Blood type is controlled by a gene with multiple alleles. A pro.pdf
19. Blood type is controlled by a gene with multiple alleles. A produces type A blood. B codes
for type B blood. A and B are codominant so a heterozygote has type AB blood. The O allele is
recessive to both A and B and produces type O blood. A. What are the possible genotypes of a
man with type A blood? B. What are the possible genotypes of a man with type B blood? C. Can
a man with type B blood be the father of a baby with type O blood? Why or why not? Explain
your answer. D. A man with type A blood marries a woman with type B blood. What blood types
are possible for their children? Explain your answer. E. A man with type O blood is in a car
accident and has to receive a transfusion at the hospital. What types of blood can he receive? F.
In the Charlie Chaplin paternity case of the 1940 s, a young woman sued Chaplin for child
support, claiming he was the father of her child. Chaplin's blood was type O, the mother was
type A and the baby was type B. Could Charlie Chaplin have been the father of the baby?
Explain your answer. G. If a person has a blood type that matches the blood of a baby or matches
the blood found at the scene of a crime, does that prove he is the father of the baby or the person
who committed the crime? Explain your answer..
Exercis emendels
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2. It also provides a genetics problem involving reported switched babies and determining the probability of offspring having color blindness from parents where the father has the trait and the mother is a carrier.
3. Key concepts covered are the alleles that determine blood types, inheritance of blood types from parents with different types, issues that can arise from mismatches in Rhesus factor between mother and fetus, and sex determination in humans being controlled by X and Y chromosomes.
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2. Codominance occurs when both alleles are fully expressed in the phenotype, such as black and white fur in a spotted cow.
3. Multiple alleles exist for a single trait, like multiple coat color genes in animals.
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3. Multiple alleles exist for a single trait, like multiple coat color genes in animals.
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Inheritance Assignment
Directions: Complete the following assignment and then enter your answers on Titanium for credit.
I. A homozygous dominant brown mouse is crossed with a heterozygous brown mouse (tan is the recessive color).
1. What is the phenotypic ratio of this cross?
2. What is the probability of having a heterozygous offspring?
II. Two heterozygous red flowers (white flowers are recessive) are crossed.
3. What is the phenotypic ratio of this cross?
4. What is the genotypic ratio of this cross?
5. What is the probability of producing red flowers?
III. Co-dominance: A man who has type A blood has a child with a woman with type B blood, what are the possible genotypes for each parent?
6. Mother:
7. Father:
If the mother is heterozygous and the father is homozygous (your understanding of blood type will tell you if it is dominant or recessive), complete a Punnett square to show the possible blood types of their offspring and answer the question below.
8. What are the possible genotypes of the children?
What is the probability that their children will have:
9. Type A blood:
10. Type B blood:
11. Type O blood:
12. Type AB blood:
IV. Dihybrid cross (2 traits at once) – In rabbits, grey hair (H) is dominant to white hair (h) and black eyes (E) are dominant to red eyes (e).
13. What are the possible allele combinations for a rabbit with the genotype HhEe (Hint: independent assortment)
Complete the cross of the individual above (#13) with a white-haired, red-eyed rabbit.
14. What is the second rabbit’s genotype?
15. What are the chances of having a grey-haired, red-eyed rabbit?
16. What are the chances of having a white-haired, black-eyed rabbit?
V. Sex-linked trait: Color-blindness is a recessive sex-linked trait found on the X chromosomes. A man who is color-blind has a child with a woman who has normal vision (assume she is heterozygous).
17. What are the chances they will have a child who is color-blind?
18. What are the chances a son will be color-blind?
19. What are the chances a daughter will be color-blind?
20. Who are considered carriers of color-blindness?
.
19. Blood type is controlled by a gene with multiple alleles. A pro.pdf
19. Blood type is controlled by a gene with multiple alleles. A produces type A blood. B codes
for type B blood. A and B are codominant so a heterozygote has type AB blood. The O allele is
recessive to both A and B and produces type O blood. A. What are the possible genotypes of a
man with type A blood? B. What are the possible genotypes of a man with type B blood? C. Can
a man with type B blood be the father of a baby with type O blood? Why or why not? Explain
your answer. D. A man with type A blood marries a woman with type B blood. What blood types
are possible for their children? Explain your answer. E. A man with type O blood is in a car
accident and has to receive a transfusion at the hospital. What types of blood can he receive? F.
In the Charlie Chaplin paternity case of the 1940 s, a young woman sued Chaplin for child
support, claiming he was the father of her child. Chaplin's blood was type O, the mother was
type A and the baby was type B. Could Charlie Chaplin have been the father of the baby?
Explain your answer. G. If a person has a blood type that matches the blood of a baby or matches
the blood found at the scene of a crime, does that prove he is the father of the baby or the person
who committed the crime? Explain your answer..
Exercis emendels
1. The document provides instructions to illustrate 6 genetic crossing diagrams involving blood types, Rhesus factor, sex determination, and inheritance of blood clotting and color blindness.
2. It also provides a genetics problem involving reported switched babies and determining the probability of offspring having color blindness from parents where the father has the trait and the mother is a carrier.
3. Key concepts covered are the alleles that determine blood types, inheritance of blood types from parents with different types, issues that can arise from mismatches in Rhesus factor between mother and fetus, and sex determination in humans being controlled by X and Y chromosomes.
Mc chapter 14
1. A baby boy gets his sex chromosomes from different parents - an X chromosome from his mother and a Y chromosome from his father.
2. Two animals with genotypes Aa were mated. Their offspring would probably have a 3:1 ratio of black-haired to white-haired offspring.
3. During mitosis, chromosomes separate so that each new nucleus gets half the normal number of chromosomes.
Hemophilia is a recessive trait. The dominant trait is normal blood d.pdf
Hemophilia is a recessive trait located on the X chromosome. If a homozygous normal female marries a normal male, their children would have the following phenotypes: normal females and normal males. Hemophilia is an X-linked recessive trait, so a female who inherits the gene but does not express the trait can pass it on to her sons. In this case, with both parents being normal, all their children would be normal.
1 Huntington disease HD is a genetic disorder caused by a.pdf
1. Huntington disease (HD) is a genetic disorder caused by a dominant allele-we will call it H-that
is located on an autosome. What are the chances that parents with the following genotypes will
have a child with HD?
Aa X Aa ll. aa X Aa III. AA X aa IV. Aa X AA
Hemophilia is a genetic disease (HD) is a genetic disorder caused by a recessive allele-we will call
it h-that is located on the X chromosome. What are the chances that parents with the following
genotypes will have a child with hemophilia?
1. XAxA x Xay
II. XAya x Xay Ill. XAXa x XAy IV. Xaya x XAy
3. Study the pedigree shown below. Is the disorder allele dominant or recessive? Is the disorder
allele located on an autosome or on the X chromosome? What are the genotypes of the
individuals 1 in and 2 in generation I?
A Hacked
In humans one of the genes determining color vision is located on the X chromosome. The
dominant form (C) produces a normal color vision; red-green deficiency (c) is recessive. If a man
with normal color vision marries a color-deficient woman, what are the probability of them having a
color-blind son? A colorblind daughter?
If the phenotype of a heterozygous is intermediate between the phenotypes of the two
homozygous, this pattern of inheritance is called
If the heterozygous expresses of both homozygous and
heterozygous(not intermediate, but showing both traits), this called
. In many genes, usually with similar effects, on a phenotype, control the inheritance of a trait..
2.Cross a heterozygous tall and round seed pea plant with anothe.docx
2.
Cross a heterozygous tall and round seed pea plant with another heterozygous tall, round seed plant.
3.
Cross a pea plant that is heterozygous for purple flowers and homozygous dominant for yellow seeds with a plant that is heterozygous for purple flowers and homozygous recessive for green seeds.
Cross a plant that is heterozygous for round seeds and homozygous recessive for white flowers with a plant that is homozygous recessive for wrinkled seeds and heterozygous for purple flowers.
Blood Type
5.
What are the possible genotypes for each blood type?
Phenotype
Genotype
Type A
Type B
Type
AB
Type O
Juan has blood type A (I
A
I
A
), his wife Lucia has blood type B (I
B
i). What are the possible genotypes of their children?
Answer:
A child has genotype of ii. If the child’s mother has a genotype of I
A
i, which blood types COULD represent the father?
Dad Mom Baby
____ ____ ____ _____ ____ ____
Dad’s possible Genotypes
Dad’s possible Phenotypes
If a man with blood type O marries a woman with Type A, what would be the possible phenotypes of the offspring?
9.
What are the possible genotypes of children born to a man that has the genotype I
A
i and a woman that has the genotype I
A
I
B
?
10.
What blood types can donate blood to (list all):
a.
A person with type A blood?
b.
A person with type O blood?
c.
A person with type AB blood?
SEX LINKED TRAITS:
11.
Rickets is a condition in which the bones become soft. Children with rickets develop bone deformities. A lack of vitamin D, calcium, and phosphorus in the diet usually cause this condition. One form of rickets, called vitamin D-resistant rickets, is caused by the recessive trait on the X chromosome
. A mother who is heterozygous for rickets marries a man who HAS rickets.
Normal=
Rickets=
Mom=
Dad=
a.
What chance do they have of having a
daughter
with rickets
?
b.
What chance do they have of having a
daughter
that is a carrier of rickets
?
c.
What chance do they have of having a
son
who isnormal
?
d.
What chance do they have of having a
child
with rickets
?
Baldness is a sex-linked trait. Sam wanted to know if he would be bald when he grew up. Therefore, Sam decided to find out how much of a chance he had of becoming bald. Through research, he found out that
his
mother is a carrier for the baldness trait and that his father has a normal gene for hair.
a.
What chance does Sam have of being
bald
when he gets older?
b.
What chance would of having
a
daughter
who will be bald
?
c.
What chance would of having
a
daughter
who is a carrier of the baldness trait
?
In humans colorblindness is a sex-linked, recessive gene. Having normal vision is dominant. A
woman who is heterozygous
for colorblindness marries a
man who is normal
.
.
GeneticsBackground info About 30 of the Irish population has red.pdf
Genetics
Background info: About 30% of the Irish population has red hair and an inability to tan (MC1R).
This is due to an unusual variant of the pigment molecule melanin, called red melanin. Another
fairly common inherited condition is restless legs syndrome (RLS). It is characterized by an
irresistible urge to move ones legs and can interfere with sleep, leading to chronic sleep
deprivation. Both red melanin and restless leg syndrome are recessive, and their genes are on
different chromosomes.
Molly and Sean met in San Francisco and were drawn to each other because of their striking red
hair and very pale skin (both had parents who emigrated from Ireland). Neither has a family
history of restless leg syndrome. A few years later they married and had identical twins, Jerry
and Garcia, both are red heads and their legs are fine. Danny and Betty lived in San Francisco
too. They both had brown hair, and Danny suffers from restless leg syndrome. Their daughter,
Cali, has dark brown hair and her legs are fine. Jerry and Cali have a son, Henry. He has red hair,
does not tan and has restless leg syndrome. Complete the family tree by assigning the genotypes
based on the phenotypes described above (Hint: obviously you can get some information from
the phenotype of the individual. Further clues can be obtained from the phenotypes of the
progeny). Use R or r for restless leg syndrome alleles or an underscore if the allele could be
either R or r. For example, R_ would represent either Rr or RR. Use M or m for the red melanin
alleles, M_ would represent MM or Mm.
A) (1.5 point) Which individuals must be heterozygous for restless leg syndrome?
B) (1.5 point) Which individuals might be heterozygous for restless leg syndrome?
C) (1 point) Which individuals must be heterozygous for the red melanin gene?
D) (2 point) Garcia marries a woman who has restless leg syndrome and red hair, what is the
probability that a child of theirs will inherit both traits? Show your logic using probability, or
draw a Punnett square to show the potential genotypes of their progeny. M S D B C H
Solution
A) Cali, Jerry; Since Henry has restless leg syndrome (rr), both of his parents should carry atleast
one copy of r allele. So, Jerry and Cali are heterozygous for the restless leg syndrome.
B) Molly and Sean; Since Both Molly and Sean have fine legs but their son is heterozygous for
the syndrome, either of them is also heterozygous for the restless leg syndrome.
C) Since Henry has red hair and no tan tendency (homozygous for red melanin gene), both of
his parents should have one copy of red melanin gene. Jerry has red hair (mm) but Cali has dark
brown hair, so, Cali is heterozygous for the red melanin gene.
D) Genotype of woman to whom he is married = mmrr
promability of getting mm = mm (the woman) x mm (garcia)= 1
Probabiity of getting rr= Rr x rr = 1/4
Probability of Garcia to be Rr is 1/2.
Total probability of rr = 1/4 + 1/2= 3/4
Total probability of rrmm= 3/4 x 1= 3/4.
First quarterly examination in general biology 2 (1)
This document appears to be a biology exam containing multiple choice questions related to genetics concepts studied, including:
1. Mendel's experiments with pea plants and the principles he discovered related to inheritance of traits.
2. Monohybrid and dihybrid crosses, Punnett squares, dominance and recessivity, genotypes and phenotypes.
3. Sex-linked inheritance and traits located on the X and Y chromosomes, including examples like hemophilia and colorblindness.
2 3 4 5 Assignments -#1 Distinguish between the following genetic term.docx
2
3
4
5
Assignments \#1 Distinguish between the following genetic terms: A. Gene and allele. B. Homozygous and heterozygous. C. Genotype and phenotype. D. Dominant and recessive. 1. A man with red-green colour blindness is married to a girl with normal colour vision. What is the probability that his children will be colour blind? 2. A boy has Duchenne muscular dystrophy. His maternal uncle had died of muscular dystrophy at the age of 21 years. What is the probability that this child's sibs will be affected? Explain, giving reasons, whether the following pedigrees are compatible with autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive or X-linked dominant and X -linked recessive inheritance. (Note that a pedigree may be compatible with more than one type of inheritance.) a. b. c. a. b. c. Assignments \#4 Examine the pedigree from a family with a genetic disease and ansv the questions below: a. Does this pedigree indicate autosomal dominant, recessive or sex-link type of inheritance? Give reasons for your choice. b. Assuming that B and b are the normal and mutant alleles respectively what would be the genotypes of the individuals: II.I, II.2 and III.3? c. Individual II.3 requested genetic counselling. What is the probability that her child would be affected. Explain why. Susan's grandfather was deaf, and passed down a hereditary form of deafness within Susan's family as shown in Figure. A. Is this mutation most likely to be dominant or recessive? B. Is it carried on an autosome or a sex chromosome? Why? C. A complete SNP analysis has been done for all of the 11 grandchildren (4 affected, and 7 unaffected). In comparing these 11 SNP results, how long a haplotype block would you expect to find around the critical gene? How might you detect it?
.
Ps2
This document contains 9 problems regarding polygenic inheritance, sex-linked genes, Y-linked genes, sex-influenced traits, sex-limited traits, and pedigree analysis. The problems involve determining genotypes and phenotypes from genetic crosses and family pedigrees related to traits such as kernel color, color vision, baldness, feathering, and dental abnormalities. The student is asked to show work and provide boxed final answers.
14.1 -- BIO
The document discusses several key topics related to human genetics and genomics:
1. It provides an overview of human chromosomes, sex determination, patterns of inheritance like dominance and codominance, and chromosomal disorders.
2. It describes several human genetic disorders like sickle cell anemia, cystic fibrosis, and Huntington's disease, explaining how mutations cause these conditions.
3. It discusses techniques used to study the human genome like DNA manipulation, restriction enzymes, gel electrophoresis, and DNA sequencing.
4. It outlines the goals and findings of the Human Genome Project, including the development of bioinformatics to analyze genomic data.
4.3 theoretical genetics
This document discusses genetics concepts including:
- Genotypes describe an organism's alleles while phenotypes describe its observable characteristics.
- Dominant alleles will be expressed whether homozygous or heterozygous, while recessive alleles only express when homozygous.
- Codominance occurs when both alleles in a heterozygote affect the phenotype.
- Probability crosses can determine the likelihood of offspring inheriting particular traits based on parental genotypes.
A wild-type chromosome has the following segments A B C middot D E F.pdf
A wild-type chromosome has the following segments: A B C middot D E F G H I An individual
is heterozygous for the following chromosome mutation: A B C middot D H I How would the
mutated and wild-type chromosomes pair in prophase I of meiosis? D E F G H of the wild-type
chromosome will form a deletion loop. E F G of the wild-type chromosome will form a deletion
loop. D E F G H of the wild-type chromosome will form an Inversion loop. E F G of the wild-
type chromosome will form an inversion loop. Red-green color blindness is a human x-linked
recessive disorder. A young man with a 47, XXY karyotype (Klinefelter syndrome) is color
Wind. His 46, XY brother also is color blind. Both parents have normal color vision. Where did
the no disjunction that gave rise to the young man with Klinefelter syndrome take place? Assume
that no crossing over took place In prophase I of meiosis. Mother - meiosis I Mother - meiosis II
Father - meiosis I Father - meiosis II Both parents Functional epidermal lies bull nose (JEB) Is a
severe skin disorder that results in blisters over the entire body. The disorder is caused by
autosomal recessive mutations at any one of three loci that help to encode lamina 5, a major
component In the dermal-epidermal basement membrane. Leena Pulicine and colleagues
described a male newborn who was born with JEB and died at 2 months of age (L. Pulkkinen et
al. 1997. American Journal of Human Genetics 61:611-619); the child had healthy unrelated
parents. Chromosome analysis revealed that the infant had 46 normal-appearing chromosomes.
Analysis of DNA showed that his mother was heterozygous for a JEB-causing allele at the
LAMB3 locus, which is on chromosome 1. The father had two normal alleles at this locus. DNA
fingerprinting demonstrated that the male assumed to be the father had, In fact, conceived the
child. Assuming that no new mutations occurred in this family, what might best explain the
presence of an autosomal recessive disease in the child when the mother is heterozygous and the
father Is homozygous normal? The infant inherited both copies of chromosome 1 from the
mother, which is an example of unit parental disomic. The infant is monatomic for chromosome
1, which he received from his mother but did not receive a chromosome 1 from his father.
Epitasis masked the disease phenotype in the father, but complementation of the parental alleles
gave rise to a child with functional epidermal lies bull nose. The infant has tiresome 1, where he
inherited two recessive alleles from his mother. A translocation between chromosome 1 and
chromosome 22 generated a recessive phenotype. Plasmid DNA, like bacterial DNA: is circular.
is single stranded. comes in homologous pairs. All of the above. None of the above.
Solution
10. Answer is B. EFG of the wild type will form a deletion loop. Because EFG in one
chromosome has no matching pair in other chromosome. So EFG loop will be formed and it will
be removed.
13. Answer is A. Plasmid DNA like bacte.
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Please give an explaination fir those quesions!
2
3
4
5
1. Aman with red.geen colour blindness is marned to a girl with normal colwir vision. What is the probaliliny that his childron will be coluur blind? 2. A boy has Dachenne muscular dyatrophy. His malemal uncle had died of museular dystrophy at the age of 21 years. What is the prohatility that this chilfs sibs will be affected? Assignments \#3 rocosive or S -kinked dominant and X -linked recesive inheritance. (Nole that a potigrte may be coempable with muve thas ane type of inheritance.) Assignnents \#4 Examine the pedieree frum a funily with a ernetic disease and anvv the questiens below: a. Does this pedigree isdicate autosonal deuninant, teoessive of set-link type of inheritance? Give reasons for your choice. b. Assuaning that B and b are the normal and mataut alleies respectively what would be the enenotypes of the individuals :II.1, 11 2 and III .3? c. Individual II. 3 requested genctic counselling. What is the probubility that her child woald be affected. Fxplain why. Assignments \#5 Susan's grandfather was deaf, and passed down a hercditary form of deafhess within Susan's family as shown in Figure. A. Is this mutation most likely to be dominant of recessive?? B. Is it carried on an autosome of a sex cluomosome? Why? C. A complete SNP analysis has been done for all of the 11 grandchildren (4 affected, and 7 unaffected) In comparing these 11 SNP result, how long a haplotype block would you expect to find around the critical \#ene? How might you deleet it? Assignments \#1 Distinguish between the following genetic terms: A. Gene and allele. B. Homozygous and heterozygous. C. Genotype and phenotype. D. Dominant and recessive. 1. A man with red-green colour blindness is married to a girl with normal colour vision. What is the probability that his children will be colour blind? 2. A boy has Duchenne muscular dystrophy. His maternal uncle had died of muscular dystrophy at the age of 21 years. What is the probability that this child's sibs will be affected? Explain, giving reasons, whether the following pedigrees are compatible with autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive or X -linked dominant and X -linked recessive inheritance. (Note that a pedigree may be compatible with more than one type of inheritance.) a. b. c. a. b. c. Assignments \#4 Examine the pedigree from a family with a genetic disease and ansv the questions below: a. Does this pedigree indicate autosomal dominant, recessive or sex-link type of inheritance? Give reasons for your choice. b. Assuming that B and b are the normal and mutant alleles respectively what would be the genotypes of the individuals: II.I, II.2 and III.3 ? c. Individual II. 3 requested genetic counselling. What is the probability that her child would be affected. Explain why. Susan's grandfather was deaf, and passed down a hereditary form of deafness within Susan's family as shown in Figure. A. Is this mutation most likely to be dominant or recessive? B. I.
genetic basis of hemophilia
Hemophilia is a genetic disorder that impairs the body's ability to control blood clotting. It is caused by insufficient or defective clotting factors, which are proteins in blood that control bleeding. Hemophilia is usually inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern and is more common in males than females. Treatment involves replacing the missing clotting factor to prevent excessive bleeding.
Pedigree problems (NEET)
The document describes a pedigree analysis to determine the mode of inheritance shown. It analyzes a pedigree where normal parents produce affected offspring in generations II and III. This indicates recessive inheritance. As it skips generations and not all offspring are affected, it also points to recessive inheritance. Autosomal recessive and X-linked recessive are considered, but X-linked recessive is ruled out. Therefore, the mode of inheritance is determined to be autosomal recessive.
1. Dwarfism is a dominant trait in humans but the homozygous dominan.pdf
1. Dwarfism is a dominant trait in humans but the homozygous dominant (DD) genotype is fatal.
Could a dwarf couple have a child that is normal in height?
2. Albinism is recessive and a pair of albinism alleles prevents the production of melanin; this is
the pigment that creates brown coloration. Show how two parents that have in skin pigmentation
could have a child with no skin color at all (albinism).
3. In parts of the world where malaria prevails, what is the selective advantage of having sickle
cell trait (heterozygous, Aa)? Sickle cell anemia (aa) is a recessive disorder. This is an example
of pleiotropy where one gene influences other aspects of the phenotype. Extensions to Mendels
Principles/Laws
4. Incomplete Dominance: Mary and Bob have wavy hair their child has straight hair. Show the
genotypes of Mary, Bob and child.
5. Co-dominance: A man has type AB blood. Could this man be the father of a child with type B
blood? If so, what blood type(s) could the mother have (if the man IS the father and the child has
type B blood)?.
Genetics.pdf
This document defines key genetics terms and concepts including alleles, genotypes, phenotypes, dominant and recessive traits, Mendel's laws of inheritance, pedigree analysis, and dihybrid crosses. It provides examples of monohybrid and dihybrid crosses and explains Mendel's discovery that different traits assort independently during gamete formation. Sample problems are worked through applying these genetics principles. Activities at the end instruct the reader to construct a family pedigree and determine outcomes of various monohybrid and dihybrid crosses.
Genetics review sheet
This document provides a genetics review with 12 questions covering key topics in Mendelian and non-Mendelian genetics. It asks students to define important genetic terms like gene and allele. It also asks students to solve Punnett squares involving traits like tongue rolling, nose and ear size in trolls, and flower color in roses. The review covers non-Mendelian inheritance patterns like incomplete dominance and codominance. It also addresses sex-linked traits and asks students to solve genetics problems involving traits like colorblindness. Finally, it provides pedigree problems for students to analyze inheritance patterns.
Blood groups
- The ABO and Rh blood group systems are clinically significant for blood transfusions and determining transfusion compatibility. The ABO system was discovered in 1901 and includes A, B, AB, and O blood types. The Rh system involves the presence or absence of the D antigen.
- Incompatibilities between these blood group antigens and antibodies can cause transfusion reactions or hemolytic disease of the newborn. Proper blood typing and cross-matching is important for safe transfusions.
- The MNSs blood group system involves the M, N, S, and s antigens and antibodies to some of these can also cause transfusion reactions or erythroblastosis fetalis in newborns.
5- Use the following pedigree to determine the probability that IV-1 (.docx
5. Use the following pedigree to determine the probability that IV-1 (child yet to be born) will have albinism. = has cystic fibrosis = = consanguineous marriage (cousins) 6. Using the following pedigrees, mark the genotype of each member and determine the mode of inheritance: B) C) I II III IV 1 2 0. Achondroplasia is an autosomal dominant form of dwarfism. People with achondroplasia are heterozygotes because carrying two copies of the dominant, mutant allele is fatal during embryogenesis. Two people with achondroplasia decide to start a family. A) Fill out a Punnett square for this couple. A) What is the probability that their first child born will be of average stature? B) What is the probability that this couple has two daughters with achondroplasia and one son of average stature in that order? C) What is the probability that this couple has two children with achondroplasia and one of average stature in any order?
.
Biology 103 Lab Final1. How many pairs of chromosomes does a n.docx
Biology 103 Lab Final
1. How many pairs of chromosomes does a normal human somatic cell have?
A. 46
B. 23
C. 22
D. 44
E. 21
2. How many chromosomes does a normal human gamete have?
A. 46
B. 23
C. 22
D. 44
E. 21
3. What phase is pictured?
A. Interphase
B. Prophase
C. Metaphase
D. Anaphase
E. Telophase
4. What phase is pictured?
a. Interphase
b. Prophase
c. Metaphase
d. Anaphase
e. Telophase
5. What phase is pictured?
a. Interphase
b. Prophase
c. Metaphase
d. Anaphase
e. Telophase
6. If a man with type O blood and a woman with type A blood have a child with Type O blood, what a are the genotypes of the parents?
A. AA and OO
B. AO and AO
C. AO and OO
D. AB and OO
E. OO and OO
7. What is the difference in animal mitosis and plant mitosis?
A. Plant cells do not have a nucleus and animal cells do.
B. Plants duplicate their chloroplasts and animal cells do not duplicate their mitochondria.
C. Plant mitosis is faster than animal mitosis.
D. Plant cells skip metaphase.
E. Plant cells separate by a cell plate and animal cells separate by a cleavage furrow.
8. The study of hereditary patterns in living things is known as
A. Life
B. Genetics
C. Phenotyping
D. Genotyping
E. Traits
9. Who is the Father of Genetics?
a. Hooke
b. Darwin
c. Linne
d. Mendel
e. van Leeuwnhoek
10. A monohybrid cross involves how many traits?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
e. 5
11. A dihybrid cross involves how many traits?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
e. 5
12. How many different kinds of gametes may be produced by an organism with the genotype AaBb?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 5
13. Which of the following is not one of the blood phenotypes?
A. AB
B. O
C. B
D. A
E. BB
14. Which of the following chromosomes represents a normal human female?
A. XX
B. XYY
C. XY
D. X
E. Y
15. What causes Down’s syndrome?
A. An extra Y chromosome
B. An extra X chromosome
C. A missing chromosome on the 21st pair.
D. An extra chromosome on the 21st pair.
E. An extra chromosome on the 5th pair.
16. What causes Kleinfelter’s syndrome?
A. An extra Y chromosome
B. An extra X chromosome
C. A missing chromosome on the 21st pair.
D. An extra chromosome on the 21st pair.
E. An extra chromosome on the 5th pair.
17. The physical appearance of an individual
A. Character
B. Genotype
C. Dominance
D. Phenotype
E. Recessiveness
18. The genetic composition an individual possesses for a given trait
A. Allele
B. Gene pool
C. Genotype
D. Phenotype
E. None of these
Matching
19. _______ heterozygous A. masks the recessive form of a trait
20. _______ homozygous B. covered by the dominant form of a trait
21. _______ allele C. one dominant an one recessive allele for a trait
22. _______ dominant D. one of two or more possible forms of a gene
23. _______ recessive E. two identical alleles for a certain trait
Genetic Problems
24. In pea plants yellow seeds are dominant to green. A genetic cross between a heterozygous pea plant and a green pea plant will yield what ...
d) Find the expected value of Y- 17- We break a stick of unit length i.docx
d) Find the expected value of Y . 17. We break a stick of unit length into three pieces by randomly and independently choosing two points X and Yon the stick using a uniform PDF. a) What is the probability that the three pieces we are left with can form a triangle? b) Find the expected length of all 3 pieces
.
Create c C program to interface with ADC_DISPLAY on PC via USB connect.docx
Create c C program to interface with ADC_DISPLAY on PC via USB connection The C program must use ADC register programming, not Arduino framework The c program will detect joypad directional movement live, such as, left, right, up, down The C program will detect push button press live The C program will detect joypad directional movement and push button press simultaneously live The C program should communicate with ADC_DISPLAY on PC with 30 to 50 times per second
.
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Mc chapter 14
1. A baby boy gets his sex chromosomes from different parents - an X chromosome from his mother and a Y chromosome from his father.
2. Two animals with genotypes Aa were mated. Their offspring would probably have a 3:1 ratio of black-haired to white-haired offspring.
3. During mitosis, chromosomes separate so that each new nucleus gets half the normal number of chromosomes.
Hemophilia is a recessive trait. The dominant trait is normal blood d.pdf
Hemophilia is a recessive trait located on the X chromosome. If a homozygous normal female marries a normal male, their children would have the following phenotypes: normal females and normal males. Hemophilia is an X-linked recessive trait, so a female who inherits the gene but does not express the trait can pass it on to her sons. In this case, with both parents being normal, all their children would be normal.
1 Huntington disease HD is a genetic disorder caused by a.pdf
1. Huntington disease (HD) is a genetic disorder caused by a dominant allele-we will call it H-that
is located on an autosome. What are the chances that parents with the following genotypes will
have a child with HD?
Aa X Aa ll. aa X Aa III. AA X aa IV. Aa X AA
Hemophilia is a genetic disease (HD) is a genetic disorder caused by a recessive allele-we will call
it h-that is located on the X chromosome. What are the chances that parents with the following
genotypes will have a child with hemophilia?
1. XAxA x Xay
II. XAya x Xay Ill. XAXa x XAy IV. Xaya x XAy
3. Study the pedigree shown below. Is the disorder allele dominant or recessive? Is the disorder
allele located on an autosome or on the X chromosome? What are the genotypes of the
individuals 1 in and 2 in generation I?
A Hacked
In humans one of the genes determining color vision is located on the X chromosome. The
dominant form (C) produces a normal color vision; red-green deficiency (c) is recessive. If a man
with normal color vision marries a color-deficient woman, what are the probability of them having a
color-blind son? A colorblind daughter?
If the phenotype of a heterozygous is intermediate between the phenotypes of the two
homozygous, this pattern of inheritance is called
If the heterozygous expresses of both homozygous and
heterozygous(not intermediate, but showing both traits), this called
. In many genes, usually with similar effects, on a phenotype, control the inheritance of a trait..
2.Cross a heterozygous tall and round seed pea plant with anothe.docx
2.
Cross a heterozygous tall and round seed pea plant with another heterozygous tall, round seed plant.
3.
Cross a pea plant that is heterozygous for purple flowers and homozygous dominant for yellow seeds with a plant that is heterozygous for purple flowers and homozygous recessive for green seeds.
Cross a plant that is heterozygous for round seeds and homozygous recessive for white flowers with a plant that is homozygous recessive for wrinkled seeds and heterozygous for purple flowers.
Blood Type
5.
What are the possible genotypes for each blood type?
Phenotype
Genotype
Type A
Type B
Type
AB
Type O
Juan has blood type A (I
A
I
A
), his wife Lucia has blood type B (I
B
i). What are the possible genotypes of their children?
Answer:
A child has genotype of ii. If the child’s mother has a genotype of I
A
i, which blood types COULD represent the father?
Dad Mom Baby
____ ____ ____ _____ ____ ____
Dad’s possible Genotypes
Dad’s possible Phenotypes
If a man with blood type O marries a woman with Type A, what would be the possible phenotypes of the offspring?
9.
What are the possible genotypes of children born to a man that has the genotype I
A
i and a woman that has the genotype I
A
I
B
?
10.
What blood types can donate blood to (list all):
a.
A person with type A blood?
b.
A person with type O blood?
c.
A person with type AB blood?
SEX LINKED TRAITS:
11.
Rickets is a condition in which the bones become soft. Children with rickets develop bone deformities. A lack of vitamin D, calcium, and phosphorus in the diet usually cause this condition. One form of rickets, called vitamin D-resistant rickets, is caused by the recessive trait on the X chromosome
. A mother who is heterozygous for rickets marries a man who HAS rickets.
Normal=
Rickets=
Mom=
Dad=
a.
What chance do they have of having a
daughter
with rickets
?
b.
What chance do they have of having a
daughter
that is a carrier of rickets
?
c.
What chance do they have of having a
son
who isnormal
?
d.
What chance do they have of having a
child
with rickets
?
Baldness is a sex-linked trait. Sam wanted to know if he would be bald when he grew up. Therefore, Sam decided to find out how much of a chance he had of becoming bald. Through research, he found out that
his
mother is a carrier for the baldness trait and that his father has a normal gene for hair.
a.
What chance does Sam have of being
bald
when he gets older?
b.
What chance would of having
a
daughter
who will be bald
?
c.
What chance would of having
a
daughter
who is a carrier of the baldness trait
?
In humans colorblindness is a sex-linked, recessive gene. Having normal vision is dominant. A
woman who is heterozygous
for colorblindness marries a
man who is normal
.
.
GeneticsBackground info About 30 of the Irish population has red.pdf
Genetics
Background info: About 30% of the Irish population has red hair and an inability to tan (MC1R).
This is due to an unusual variant of the pigment molecule melanin, called red melanin. Another
fairly common inherited condition is restless legs syndrome (RLS). It is characterized by an
irresistible urge to move ones legs and can interfere with sleep, leading to chronic sleep
deprivation. Both red melanin and restless leg syndrome are recessive, and their genes are on
different chromosomes.
Molly and Sean met in San Francisco and were drawn to each other because of their striking red
hair and very pale skin (both had parents who emigrated from Ireland). Neither has a family
history of restless leg syndrome. A few years later they married and had identical twins, Jerry
and Garcia, both are red heads and their legs are fine. Danny and Betty lived in San Francisco
too. They both had brown hair, and Danny suffers from restless leg syndrome. Their daughter,
Cali, has dark brown hair and her legs are fine. Jerry and Cali have a son, Henry. He has red hair,
does not tan and has restless leg syndrome. Complete the family tree by assigning the genotypes
based on the phenotypes described above (Hint: obviously you can get some information from
the phenotype of the individual. Further clues can be obtained from the phenotypes of the
progeny). Use R or r for restless leg syndrome alleles or an underscore if the allele could be
either R or r. For example, R_ would represent either Rr or RR. Use M or m for the red melanin
alleles, M_ would represent MM or Mm.
A) (1.5 point) Which individuals must be heterozygous for restless leg syndrome?
B) (1.5 point) Which individuals might be heterozygous for restless leg syndrome?
C) (1 point) Which individuals must be heterozygous for the red melanin gene?
D) (2 point) Garcia marries a woman who has restless leg syndrome and red hair, what is the
probability that a child of theirs will inherit both traits? Show your logic using probability, or
draw a Punnett square to show the potential genotypes of their progeny. M S D B C H
Solution
A) Cali, Jerry; Since Henry has restless leg syndrome (rr), both of his parents should carry atleast
one copy of r allele. So, Jerry and Cali are heterozygous for the restless leg syndrome.
B) Molly and Sean; Since Both Molly and Sean have fine legs but their son is heterozygous for
the syndrome, either of them is also heterozygous for the restless leg syndrome.
C) Since Henry has red hair and no tan tendency (homozygous for red melanin gene), both of
his parents should have one copy of red melanin gene. Jerry has red hair (mm) but Cali has dark
brown hair, so, Cali is heterozygous for the red melanin gene.
D) Genotype of woman to whom he is married = mmrr
promability of getting mm = mm (the woman) x mm (garcia)= 1
Probabiity of getting rr= Rr x rr = 1/4
Probability of Garcia to be Rr is 1/2.
Total probability of rr = 1/4 + 1/2= 3/4
Total probability of rrmm= 3/4 x 1= 3/4.
First quarterly examination in general biology 2 (1)
This document appears to be a biology exam containing multiple choice questions related to genetics concepts studied, including:
1. Mendel's experiments with pea plants and the principles he discovered related to inheritance of traits.
2. Monohybrid and dihybrid crosses, Punnett squares, dominance and recessivity, genotypes and phenotypes.
3. Sex-linked inheritance and traits located on the X and Y chromosomes, including examples like hemophilia and colorblindness.
2 3 4 5 Assignments -#1 Distinguish between the following genetic term.docx
2
3
4
5
Assignments \#1 Distinguish between the following genetic terms: A. Gene and allele. B. Homozygous and heterozygous. C. Genotype and phenotype. D. Dominant and recessive. 1. A man with red-green colour blindness is married to a girl with normal colour vision. What is the probability that his children will be colour blind? 2. A boy has Duchenne muscular dystrophy. His maternal uncle had died of muscular dystrophy at the age of 21 years. What is the probability that this child's sibs will be affected? Explain, giving reasons, whether the following pedigrees are compatible with autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive or X-linked dominant and X -linked recessive inheritance. (Note that a pedigree may be compatible with more than one type of inheritance.) a. b. c. a. b. c. Assignments \#4 Examine the pedigree from a family with a genetic disease and ansv the questions below: a. Does this pedigree indicate autosomal dominant, recessive or sex-link type of inheritance? Give reasons for your choice. b. Assuming that B and b are the normal and mutant alleles respectively what would be the genotypes of the individuals: II.I, II.2 and III.3? c. Individual II.3 requested genetic counselling. What is the probability that her child would be affected. Explain why. Susan's grandfather was deaf, and passed down a hereditary form of deafness within Susan's family as shown in Figure. A. Is this mutation most likely to be dominant or recessive? B. Is it carried on an autosome or a sex chromosome? Why? C. A complete SNP analysis has been done for all of the 11 grandchildren (4 affected, and 7 unaffected). In comparing these 11 SNP results, how long a haplotype block would you expect to find around the critical gene? How might you detect it?
.
Ps2
This document contains 9 problems regarding polygenic inheritance, sex-linked genes, Y-linked genes, sex-influenced traits, sex-limited traits, and pedigree analysis. The problems involve determining genotypes and phenotypes from genetic crosses and family pedigrees related to traits such as kernel color, color vision, baldness, feathering, and dental abnormalities. The student is asked to show work and provide boxed final answers.
14.1 -- BIO
The document discusses several key topics related to human genetics and genomics:
1. It provides an overview of human chromosomes, sex determination, patterns of inheritance like dominance and codominance, and chromosomal disorders.
2. It describes several human genetic disorders like sickle cell anemia, cystic fibrosis, and Huntington's disease, explaining how mutations cause these conditions.
3. It discusses techniques used to study the human genome like DNA manipulation, restriction enzymes, gel electrophoresis, and DNA sequencing.
4. It outlines the goals and findings of the Human Genome Project, including the development of bioinformatics to analyze genomic data.
4.3 theoretical genetics
This document discusses genetics concepts including:
- Genotypes describe an organism's alleles while phenotypes describe its observable characteristics.
- Dominant alleles will be expressed whether homozygous or heterozygous, while recessive alleles only express when homozygous.
- Codominance occurs when both alleles in a heterozygote affect the phenotype.
- Probability crosses can determine the likelihood of offspring inheriting particular traits based on parental genotypes.
A wild-type chromosome has the following segments A B C middot D E F.pdf
A wild-type chromosome has the following segments: A B C middot D E F G H I An individual
is heterozygous for the following chromosome mutation: A B C middot D H I How would the
mutated and wild-type chromosomes pair in prophase I of meiosis? D E F G H of the wild-type
chromosome will form a deletion loop. E F G of the wild-type chromosome will form a deletion
loop. D E F G H of the wild-type chromosome will form an Inversion loop. E F G of the wild-
type chromosome will form an inversion loop. Red-green color blindness is a human x-linked
recessive disorder. A young man with a 47, XXY karyotype (Klinefelter syndrome) is color
Wind. His 46, XY brother also is color blind. Both parents have normal color vision. Where did
the no disjunction that gave rise to the young man with Klinefelter syndrome take place? Assume
that no crossing over took place In prophase I of meiosis. Mother - meiosis I Mother - meiosis II
Father - meiosis I Father - meiosis II Both parents Functional epidermal lies bull nose (JEB) Is a
severe skin disorder that results in blisters over the entire body. The disorder is caused by
autosomal recessive mutations at any one of three loci that help to encode lamina 5, a major
component In the dermal-epidermal basement membrane. Leena Pulicine and colleagues
described a male newborn who was born with JEB and died at 2 months of age (L. Pulkkinen et
al. 1997. American Journal of Human Genetics 61:611-619); the child had healthy unrelated
parents. Chromosome analysis revealed that the infant had 46 normal-appearing chromosomes.
Analysis of DNA showed that his mother was heterozygous for a JEB-causing allele at the
LAMB3 locus, which is on chromosome 1. The father had two normal alleles at this locus. DNA
fingerprinting demonstrated that the male assumed to be the father had, In fact, conceived the
child. Assuming that no new mutations occurred in this family, what might best explain the
presence of an autosomal recessive disease in the child when the mother is heterozygous and the
father Is homozygous normal? The infant inherited both copies of chromosome 1 from the
mother, which is an example of unit parental disomic. The infant is monatomic for chromosome
1, which he received from his mother but did not receive a chromosome 1 from his father.
Epitasis masked the disease phenotype in the father, but complementation of the parental alleles
gave rise to a child with functional epidermal lies bull nose. The infant has tiresome 1, where he
inherited two recessive alleles from his mother. A translocation between chromosome 1 and
chromosome 22 generated a recessive phenotype. Plasmid DNA, like bacterial DNA: is circular.
is single stranded. comes in homologous pairs. All of the above. None of the above.
Solution
10. Answer is B. EFG of the wild type will form a deletion loop. Because EFG in one
chromosome has no matching pair in other chromosome. So EFG loop will be formed and it will
be removed.
13. Answer is A. Plasmid DNA like bacte.
Please give an explaination fir those quesions! 2 3 4 5 1- Aman with r.docx
Please give an explaination fir those quesions!
2
3
4
5
1. Aman with red.geen colour blindness is marned to a girl with normal colwir vision. What is the probaliliny that his childron will be coluur blind? 2. A boy has Dachenne muscular dyatrophy. His malemal uncle had died of museular dystrophy at the age of 21 years. What is the prohatility that this chilfs sibs will be affected? Assignments \#3 rocosive or S -kinked dominant and X -linked recesive inheritance. (Nole that a potigrte may be coempable with muve thas ane type of inheritance.) Assignnents \#4 Examine the pedieree frum a funily with a ernetic disease and anvv the questiens below: a. Does this pedigree isdicate autosonal deuninant, teoessive of set-link type of inheritance? Give reasons for your choice. b. Assuaning that B and b are the normal and mataut alleies respectively what would be the enenotypes of the individuals :II.1, 11 2 and III .3? c. Individual II. 3 requested genctic counselling. What is the probubility that her child woald be affected. Fxplain why. Assignments \#5 Susan's grandfather was deaf, and passed down a hercditary form of deafhess within Susan's family as shown in Figure. A. Is this mutation most likely to be dominant of recessive?? B. Is it carried on an autosome of a sex cluomosome? Why? C. A complete SNP analysis has been done for all of the 11 grandchildren (4 affected, and 7 unaffected) In comparing these 11 SNP result, how long a haplotype block would you expect to find around the critical \#ene? How might you deleet it? Assignments \#1 Distinguish between the following genetic terms: A. Gene and allele. B. Homozygous and heterozygous. C. Genotype and phenotype. D. Dominant and recessive. 1. A man with red-green colour blindness is married to a girl with normal colour vision. What is the probability that his children will be colour blind? 2. A boy has Duchenne muscular dystrophy. His maternal uncle had died of muscular dystrophy at the age of 21 years. What is the probability that this child's sibs will be affected? Explain, giving reasons, whether the following pedigrees are compatible with autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive or X -linked dominant and X -linked recessive inheritance. (Note that a pedigree may be compatible with more than one type of inheritance.) a. b. c. a. b. c. Assignments \#4 Examine the pedigree from a family with a genetic disease and ansv the questions below: a. Does this pedigree indicate autosomal dominant, recessive or sex-link type of inheritance? Give reasons for your choice. b. Assuming that B and b are the normal and mutant alleles respectively what would be the genotypes of the individuals: II.I, II.2 and III.3 ? c. Individual II. 3 requested genetic counselling. What is the probability that her child would be affected. Explain why. Susan's grandfather was deaf, and passed down a hereditary form of deafness within Susan's family as shown in Figure. A. Is this mutation most likely to be dominant or recessive? B. I.
genetic basis of hemophilia
Hemophilia is a genetic disorder that impairs the body's ability to control blood clotting. It is caused by insufficient or defective clotting factors, which are proteins in blood that control bleeding. Hemophilia is usually inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern and is more common in males than females. Treatment involves replacing the missing clotting factor to prevent excessive bleeding.
Pedigree problems (NEET)
The document describes a pedigree analysis to determine the mode of inheritance shown. It analyzes a pedigree where normal parents produce affected offspring in generations II and III. This indicates recessive inheritance. As it skips generations and not all offspring are affected, it also points to recessive inheritance. Autosomal recessive and X-linked recessive are considered, but X-linked recessive is ruled out. Therefore, the mode of inheritance is determined to be autosomal recessive.
1. Dwarfism is a dominant trait in humans but the homozygous dominan.pdf
1. Dwarfism is a dominant trait in humans but the homozygous dominant (DD) genotype is fatal.
Could a dwarf couple have a child that is normal in height?
2. Albinism is recessive and a pair of albinism alleles prevents the production of melanin; this is
the pigment that creates brown coloration. Show how two parents that have in skin pigmentation
could have a child with no skin color at all (albinism).
3. In parts of the world where malaria prevails, what is the selective advantage of having sickle
cell trait (heterozygous, Aa)? Sickle cell anemia (aa) is a recessive disorder. This is an example
of pleiotropy where one gene influences other aspects of the phenotype. Extensions to Mendels
Principles/Laws
4. Incomplete Dominance: Mary and Bob have wavy hair their child has straight hair. Show the
genotypes of Mary, Bob and child.
5. Co-dominance: A man has type AB blood. Could this man be the father of a child with type B
blood? If so, what blood type(s) could the mother have (if the man IS the father and the child has
type B blood)?.
Genetics.pdf
This document defines key genetics terms and concepts including alleles, genotypes, phenotypes, dominant and recessive traits, Mendel's laws of inheritance, pedigree analysis, and dihybrid crosses. It provides examples of monohybrid and dihybrid crosses and explains Mendel's discovery that different traits assort independently during gamete formation. Sample problems are worked through applying these genetics principles. Activities at the end instruct the reader to construct a family pedigree and determine outcomes of various monohybrid and dihybrid crosses.
Genetics review sheet
This document provides a genetics review with 12 questions covering key topics in Mendelian and non-Mendelian genetics. It asks students to define important genetic terms like gene and allele. It also asks students to solve Punnett squares involving traits like tongue rolling, nose and ear size in trolls, and flower color in roses. The review covers non-Mendelian inheritance patterns like incomplete dominance and codominance. It also addresses sex-linked traits and asks students to solve genetics problems involving traits like colorblindness. Finally, it provides pedigree problems for students to analyze inheritance patterns.
Blood groups
- The ABO and Rh blood group systems are clinically significant for blood transfusions and determining transfusion compatibility. The ABO system was discovered in 1901 and includes A, B, AB, and O blood types. The Rh system involves the presence or absence of the D antigen.
- Incompatibilities between these blood group antigens and antibodies can cause transfusion reactions or hemolytic disease of the newborn. Proper blood typing and cross-matching is important for safe transfusions.
- The MNSs blood group system involves the M, N, S, and s antigens and antibodies to some of these can also cause transfusion reactions or erythroblastosis fetalis in newborns.
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.
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Biology 103 Lab Final
1. How many pairs of chromosomes does a normal human somatic cell have?
A. 46
B. 23
C. 22
D. 44
E. 21
2. How many chromosomes does a normal human gamete have?
A. 46
B. 23
C. 22
D. 44
E. 21
3. What phase is pictured?
A. Interphase
B. Prophase
C. Metaphase
D. Anaphase
E. Telophase
4. What phase is pictured?
a. Interphase
b. Prophase
c. Metaphase
d. Anaphase
e. Telophase
5. What phase is pictured?
a. Interphase
b. Prophase
c. Metaphase
d. Anaphase
e. Telophase
6. If a man with type O blood and a woman with type A blood have a child with Type O blood, what a are the genotypes of the parents?
A. AA and OO
B. AO and AO
C. AO and OO
D. AB and OO
E. OO and OO
7. What is the difference in animal mitosis and plant mitosis?
A. Plant cells do not have a nucleus and animal cells do.
B. Plants duplicate their chloroplasts and animal cells do not duplicate their mitochondria.
C. Plant mitosis is faster than animal mitosis.
D. Plant cells skip metaphase.
E. Plant cells separate by a cell plate and animal cells separate by a cleavage furrow.
8. The study of hereditary patterns in living things is known as
A. Life
B. Genetics
C. Phenotyping
D. Genotyping
E. Traits
9. Who is the Father of Genetics?
a. Hooke
b. Darwin
c. Linne
d. Mendel
e. van Leeuwnhoek
10. A monohybrid cross involves how many traits?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
e. 5
11. A dihybrid cross involves how many traits?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
e. 5
12. How many different kinds of gametes may be produced by an organism with the genotype AaBb?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 5
13. Which of the following is not one of the blood phenotypes?
A. AB
B. O
C. B
D. A
E. BB
14. Which of the following chromosomes represents a normal human female?
A. XX
B. XYY
C. XY
D. X
E. Y
15. What causes Down’s syndrome?
A. An extra Y chromosome
B. An extra X chromosome
C. A missing chromosome on the 21st pair.
D. An extra chromosome on the 21st pair.
E. An extra chromosome on the 5th pair.
16. What causes Kleinfelter’s syndrome?
A. An extra Y chromosome
B. An extra X chromosome
C. A missing chromosome on the 21st pair.
D. An extra chromosome on the 21st pair.
E. An extra chromosome on the 5th pair.
17. The physical appearance of an individual
A. Character
B. Genotype
C. Dominance
D. Phenotype
E. Recessiveness
18. The genetic composition an individual possesses for a given trait
A. Allele
B. Gene pool
C. Genotype
D. Phenotype
E. None of these
Matching
19. _______ heterozygous A. masks the recessive form of a trait
20. _______ homozygous B. covered by the dominant form of a trait
21. _______ allele C. one dominant an one recessive allele for a trait
22. _______ dominant D. one of two or more possible forms of a gene
23. _______ recessive E. two identical alleles for a certain trait
Genetic Problems
24. In pea plants yellow seeds are dominant to green. A genetic cross between a heterozygous pea plant and a green pea plant will yield what ...
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on VISIO
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