The document discusses various cellular communication systems, including advanced mobile phone systems (AMPS), digital AMPS (D-AMPS), and CDMA technologies. It explains the evolution from 2G to 3G technology, detailing the characteristics, data rates, and operational frameworks of different standards like IS-95 and CDMA2000. Additionally, it contrasts CDMA2000 with WCDMA, focusing on parameters such as power control and base station synchronization.

1. GSM
PDC
cdmaOne
TDMA
(IS-136)
GPRS EDGE
cdma2000
3G
Today 2G
19.2kbps
2000 evolved 2G
64--115kbps
3G
115--384kbps | 0.384--2Mbps
IMT-2000
Capable Systems
New Spectrum
Existing Spectrum
TDMA/
GPRS
TDMA/
EDGE
Evolution to 3G

2. AMPS is an analog cellular phone
system using FDMA.
Note

3. Cellular bands for AMPS

4. AMPS reverse communication band

5. Second-generation cellular phone systems

6. • Digital Advanced Mobile Phone System (D-AMPS)is a digital version of Advanced
Mobile Phone Systems (AMPS), the original analog standard for cellular phones.
• D-AMPS combines time division multiple access (TDMA) and frequency division
multiple access (FDMA).
• It adds TDMA to get three channels per AMPS channel, thus tripling the number of
calls on a channel.
D-AMPS - Digital Advanced Mobile Phone System

7. • They are standardised by IS-54 and IS-136.
• As in AMPS, D-AMPS also uses frequencies from 800 to 900MHz for
transmission. Half of the spectrum is used for sending signals and the
other half for receiving signals.
• The frequency band is divided into 30KHz sub-bands, called channels, by
FDMA.
• The channels for uplink are called forward channels and the channels for
Features:

8. D-AMPS
D-AMPS, or IS-136, is a digital cellular
phone system using TDMA and FDMA.

9. Rules for Efficient Multiple
Access
 Three laws
 Know the channel
 Minimize interference to others
 Mitigate interference received from others
 Requirements of wireless multiple access
 Channel measurement
 Channel control and modification
 Multiple user channel isolation

10. Why CDMA?
 Higher capacity
 Improved performance in multipath by diversity
 Lower mobile transmit power = longer battery life

Power control

Variable transmission rate with voice activity detection
 Allows soft handoff
 Sectorization gain
 High peak data rates can be accommodated
 Combats other-user interference = lower reuse
factors

11. IS-95 (CDMA ONE) forward transmission
IS-95 is a digital cellular phone system
using CDMA/DSSS and FDMA.

12. IS-95 (CDMA ONE) reverse transmission

13. cdma2000 Uplink Frame Structure
CRC
encoder
tail bits
Convolutional
or Turbo Coder
symbol
repetition
symbol
puncture
block
interleaver
modulation
symbol
C
channel
bits
Bits/
Frame
16
40
80
172
350
744
1512
3048
6120
CRC bits
6
6
8
12
16
16
16
16
16
tail
bits
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
Data Rate
kbps
1.5
2.7
4.8
9.6
19.2
38.4
76.8
153.6
307.2
Code
Rate
1/4
1/4
1/4
1/4
1/4
1/4
1/4
1/4
1/2
Repeats
16
8
4
2
1
1
1
1
1
Delete
1 of 5
1 of 9
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
Symbols
1536
1536
1536
1536
1536
3072
6144
12288
12288
Radio Configuration 3
C.S.0002-A-1 Fig 2.1.3.1.1.1-8

14. cdma2000 Uplink Modulator
C
C
C
A
B


d

d

d

c

)
cos( t
c

)
sin( t
c

I
long,
c Q
long,
c
+
+
+
+

+
_
sum
sum
1
D
w
C
w
2
S
w
1
S
w
Primary
Traffic
Secondary
Traffic 1
Secondary
Traffic 2
Control
Pilot
pulse
shape
pulse
shape

15. cdma2000 Downlink Frame Structure
Other similar tables in specification.
Bits/
Frame
21
55
125
267
552
1128
2280
4584
9192
20712
CRC bits
6
8
10
12
16
16
16
16
16
16
tail
bits
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
Data Rate
kbps
1.8
3.6
7.2
14.4
28.8
57.6
115.2
230.4
460.8
1036.8
Code
Rate
1/2
1/2
1/2
1/2
1/2
1/2
1/2
1/2
1/2
1/2
Repeats
8
4
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Delete
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
2 of 18
Symbols
576
576
576
576
1152
2304
4608
9216
18432
36864
Radio Configuration 9
CRC
encoder
tail bits
Convolutional
or Turbo Coder
symbol
repetition
symbol
puncture
block
interleaver
modulation
symbol
channel
bits
W

16. cdma2000 1X DL Modulation
Processing
+
long
code
long
code
mask
0  1
1  -1
channel
gain
fwd pwr
ctrl gain
power
control
symbol
puncture
DEMUX
decimate
pwr ctrl
bit pos
I/Q scrambling
bit extract
power
control
bits
puncture
timing
800 Hz
W
YQ
YI
C.S.0002-A-1 Fig 3.1.3.1.1.1-18
modulation
symbol
rate

17. cdma2000 1X Downlink Modulation
I channel
pilot PN
Q channel
pilot PN
Walsh code
QOF code
I
Y
Q
Y





pulse
shape
pulse
shape
+
+
+
-
)
cos( t
c

)
sin( t
c

other
channels
other
channels
phase
rotate
for
QOF
Q
X
I
X

18. cdma2000 3X DL Modulation
Processing
+
long
code
long
code
mask
0  1
1  -1
channel
gain
fwd pwr
ctrl gain
power
control
symbol
puncture
DEMUX
decimate
pwr ctrl
bit pos
I/Q scrambling
bit extract
power
control
bits
puncture
timing
800 Hz
W
YQ1
YI1
modulation
symbol
rate
YQ2
YI2
YQ3
YI3

19. cdma2000 3X Downlink Modulation
same as below
same as above
output
carrier 1
output
carrier 2
output
carrier 3
YQ1
YI1
YQ2
YI2
YQ3
YI3

20. W-CDMA Versus cdma2000
Parameter W-CDMA cdma2000
Carrier spacing 5 MHz 3.75 MHz
Chip rate 4.096 MHz 3.6864 MHz
Data modulation BPSK FW – QPSK; RV - BPSK
Spreading Complex (OQPSK) Complex (OQPSK)
Power control frequency 1500 Hz 800 Hz
Variable data rate implement. Variable SF; multicode Repet., puncturing, multicode
Frame duration 10 ms 20 ms (also 5, 30, 40)
Coding Turbo and convolutional Turbo and convolutional
Base stations synchronized? Asynchronous Synchronous
Base station acquisition/detect 3 step; slot, frame, code Time shifted PN correlation
Forward link pilot TDM dedicated pilot CDM common pilot
Antenna beam forming TDM dedicated pilot Auxiliary pilot

21. cdma2000 vs WCDMA
 Chip rate
 Coherent Pilot Channels
 Transmit Diversity
 Underlying Network
 Single Carrier versus Multicarrier
Spreading
 Cell Site Synchronization