AM I PHYSICALLY FIT OR IS IT FAR FROM THE TRUTH
what physical fitness
component of physical fitness
skill related physical fitness
exercise prescription
principle of exercises
theory of fit
warmup and cool down
AM I PHYSICALLY FIT OR IS IT FAR FROM THE TRUTH
what physical fitness
component of physical fitness
skill related physical fitness
exercise prescription
principle of exercises
theory of fit
warmup and cool down
This presentation will discuss the different recovery methods used to enhance sports performance. We will look at the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) and its application to training stress. From here, we will take you the differnce between a recovery unit, recovery day and how these would look when implemented into the Strength & Conditioning program.
This presentation will discuss the different recovery methods used to enhance sports performance. We will look at the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) and its application to training stress. From here, we will take you the differnce between a recovery unit, recovery day and how these would look when implemented into the Strength & Conditioning program.
Level 2 Course notes to become a Personal TrainerJohn Hardy
This is the plan of action and also some lesson guide powerpoint for the Reps Level 2 Fitness Instructors course. Find our more at www.fasterglobal.com where we have more resources to make you the best trainer you possibly can be.
Level 2 is the basic requirement and this is just some of the revision notes.
http://stuchstrength.com/online-personal-training/ provide effective workout plan with fitness training packages include your fitness consultation, length of session, daily or weekly email and phone interview.
The current healthcare environment necessitates customer insight as a foundation for effective planning. However, constraints of budget, resources, and time can dissuade leaders from developing proper insights. That’s a huge mistake…
Though traditional methods of understanding customer needs continue to be valuable today, they are not the only option available. Based on your specific objective, this white paper provides you with tools that vary in cost, resource requirements, application, and sphere of action.
Australian Sports Commission - beginning coaching resources: http://www.ausport.gov.au/participating/coachofficial/generalprinciples/beginning - wanted to embed in my blog.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
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Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
2. Unit Aims
The learner will:
• Understand how to prepare PT programmes
• Understand the importance of long term behaviour
change for PT
• Understand the principles of collecting information
to plan a PT programme
• Understand how to screen clients prior to a PT
programme
• Understand how to identify PT goals with clients
• Understand how to plan a PT programme with
clients
3. Unit Aims
The learner will:
• Understand how to adapt a PT programme
with clients
• Be able to collect information about clients
• Be able to agree goals with clients
• Be able to plan a PT programme with clients
• Be able to manage a PT programme
• Be able to review progress with clients
• Be able to adapt a PT programme with clients
4. How the Unit is Assessed
Case Study and Viva:
Using a real, apparently healthy individual (e.g.
a peer, family member, friend or partner) who
does not require medical intervention,
learners are required to produce and
implement a case study that contains:
• Client profile
• Detailed 4 week PT programme
• 12 week PT overview
5. How the Unit is Assessed
Client Profile:
• Client’s personal details
• Description of lifestyle
• Medical screening (PARQ)
• Postural screening
• Past and present physical activity
• Exercise preferences
6. How the Unit is Assessed
Client Profile:
• Description of client’s attitude to physical
activity
• Stage of readiness to participate
• SMART goals (short, medium and long
term)
• Barriers to achieving goals
• Proposed strategies to overcome barriers
7. How the Unit is Assessed
Detailed 4 Week Programme:
The 4 week plan should contain a minimum of 4
session plans (1 per week) and the sessions
should be between 30 and 60 minutes duration.
For each session there should be:
• Detailed session plan/programme card
• Session evaluations (with records of adjustments
made)
• Evidence of adjustments made to 4 week plan
• Client evaluations
8. How the Unit is Assessed
Session Plans:
The session plans with the 4 week plan must
also contain:
• Appropriate warm up activities
• A minimum of 2 of the following
cardiovascular approaches to training (on CV
machines or other CV modes):
– Interval
– Fartlek
– Continuous
9. How the Unit is Assessed
Session Plans:
• A minimum of 4 resistance approaches using
RT machines, FW or alternative methods
(e.g. body weight):
– Pyramid sets
– Super-setting
– Giant sets
– Tri sets
– Forced reps
– Pre/post exhaust
– Negative/eccentric training
10. How the Unit is Assessed
Session Plans:
• 1 core stability exercise
• 1 PNF stretch
• Appropriate cool down activities
11. How the Unit is Assessed
Session Plans:
• Content may be spread across all 4 sessions and
do not have to be in each session
• 1 session plan must contain information regarding
environments not designed specifically for
exercise (e.g. outdoor, office, home)
• The programme should specify the acute variables
to be applied (sets, reps, intensity, time, rest)
• The programme should meet the client’s goals
and should adhere to sound principles of
programming
12. How the Unit is Assessed
12 Week PT Overview:
The 12 week programme should relate to
and build on the 4 week programme and
should show projected logical progression
from the 4 week programme at weeks 6
and 12.
13. How the Unit is Assessed
Viva:
The viva will ensure that you have sufficient
knowledge and understanding of the PT
programme they have devised.
Your ability to progress or regress activities
according to the client’s goals, wants and
needs will also be assessed during the
viva.
14. How to Prepare PT Programmes
By the end of the session you will be able to:
• Describe the range of resources required
to deliver a PT programme
• Explain how to work in environments that
are not specifically designed for
exercise/physical activity
15. Resources
Environment for the session:
• Inside areas (e.g. gym, studio, sports hall,
home/office)
• Outside areas (e.g. parks)
18. Environment
Consider the following:
•Health and safety considerations relating to
different environments, to include:
– Environment
– Equipment
– Clothing
– Support from others
– Others users of the environment
19. Environment
Consider the following:
• Personal safety issues
• Weather conditions
• First aid equipment
• Knowledge of location and of facilities
(e.g. Toilets, drinking water, route
planning)
• Possible hazards
20. Environment
Consider the following:
• Public liability insurance
• Risk assessment
• Available space
• Any additional planning requirements
• Body weight exercises
23. Long Term Behaviour Change for
PT
By the end of the session you will be able to:
• Explain why it is important for clients to
understand the advantages of PT
• Explain why it is important for a PT to work
together with clients to agree goals, objectives,
programmes and adaptations
• Explain the importance of long term behaviour
change in developing client fitness
• Explain how to ensure clients commit themselves
to long term change
24. Advantages of Personal Training
• Regular 1:1 contact with instructor to aid
motivation
• Increased motivation and adherence
• More frequent programme reviews
• Formal reviews as scheduled and agreed
with client
• Informal reviews, ongoing observation and
assessment at every session
• Programmes updated and progressed more
regularly
25. Advantages of Personal Training
• Individualised programmes for the
participant – more personal
• Programmes designed to address
functional capability including core stability,
postural deviations as well as client goals
• Reduced risk of injury whilst training
• Continuous feedback on technique
• Goals achieved by the client more quickly
26. Goals and Objectives
• To ensure programmes truly address
client’s specific needs
• Client is paying for the service, therefore
expects goals to be achieved
• Discuss the benefits of progressive
exercise programmes
• Change programmes immediately if a
client’s circumstances change
27. Strategies for Managing Change
• Behaviour
– Substituting alternatives
– Rewards
– Social support
– Commitment
30. How to Use Strategies
• Decision balance sheet to identify barriers
• Problem solving strategies for overcoming
barriers
• Increase confidence
• Goal setting
• Action planning
• Promoting autonomy and
interdependence (relational skills)
31. Approaches to Long Term
Behaviour Change
Consider the following:
• How to plan an intervention to increase
likelihood of participation
• How to integrate various methods of
behaviour change in the development of an
exercise programme
32. Social Support
• Friends
• Family
• Other service users
• Buddy systems and training partners
• Group exercise
33. Teaching Approach
Consider the following:
•Learning styles (visual, aural, kinaesthetic)
•Verbal and non-verbal communication
•Equal opportunities (e.g. age, gender, race,
disability)
34. Goal Setting
Agree SMART goals (short, medium and
long term)
Specific
Measurable
Achievable
Realistic
Time-framed
35. Principles of Progression
Apply the principles of progression, to include:
• Specificity
• Progressive overload
• Reversibility
• Adaptability
• Individuality
• Recovery time
36. Client Commitment
To ensure client commitment, also consider the
benefits of:
•A reward system
•Self belief and visualisation techniques
•Relapse strategies
•Having a network of support
And consider the risks of overtraining and its
impact on long term behaviour change
37. Collecting Information
By the end of the session you will be able to:
• Explain the principles of informed consent
• Explain why informed consent should be
obtained
• Summarise the client information that
should be collected
38. Informed Consent
Consider the following:
• Adhere to the Code of Ethical Practice
• Identify health and safety considerations
• Refer to a GP or other medical
professional where required
• Take into account data protection
requirements
40. Client Information
Collect the following information:
• Lifestyle information:
– Work patterns
– Eating patterns
– Relevant personal circumstances
– Stress levels
– Hobbies/regular activities
– Time available to exercise
– Family/friends support
41. Client Information
Collect the following information:
• Medical history
– Health history (health questionnaire)
– Current health status (PARQ or alternative)
– Risk factors
– Identification of medical conditions requiring
medical clearance
– Past and present injuries and disabilities
– Postural analysis
– Any musculoskeletal discomfort
42. Client Information
Collect the following information:
• Physical activity history
– Past and current
• Physical activity likes and dislikes
– Past and current
43. Client Information
Collect the following information:
• Motivation and barriers to participation
– Attitude
– Perceived barriers
– Actual barriers
– Intrinsic barriers (e.g. fear, embarrassment)
– Extrinsic barriers (e.g. time, cost, family
commitments)
44. Client Information
Collect the following information:
• Current fitness level
– Evaluation of current levels of all components of
fitness, to include:
• Muscular strength
• Muscular endurance
• Cardio respiratory fitness
• Flexibility
• Motor skills
• Core stability
• Functional ability
45. Client Information
Assess components of fitness by taking
physical measurements as appropriate for the
clients:
•Blood pressure (manual and digital)
•Anthropometrics (height and weight, waist
circumference or waist to hips ratio)
•Body Mass Index
•CV fitness (e.g. Astrand bike test, Rockport
walking test, step test, Cooper 12 minute
walk/run)
46. Client Information
Assess components of fitness by taking
physical measurements as appropriate for the
clients:
•Range of motion (e.g. Sit and reach test, visual
assessments during stretch positions)
•Muscular fitness (e.g. Abdominal curl/sit up
test, press up test)
•Postural assessments (e.g. Squat technique,
walking gait)
47. Client Information
Collect the following information:
• Stage of readiness
– Stated future goals and aspirations
– Exercise readiness questionnaire
• Posture and alignment
– Upper and lower body
– Repetitive movement patterns that may cause issues
• Functional ability
– Ability to carry out everyday tasks easily and pain free
– Using an ADL questionnaire
48. How to Screen Clients
By the end of the session you will be able to:
• Explain how to interpret information collected from
the client in order to identify client needs and
goals
• Explain how to analyse client responses to the
PARQ
• Describe types of medical conditions that will
prevent PTs from working with a client (unless
they have specialist training/qualifications)
• Explain how and when PTs should refer clients to
another professional
49. Information Gathering
• Select and record client information
correctly
• Obtain consent to exercise
• Identify contraindications to exercise
• Recognise and defer clients where
applicable
50. Information Gathering
• Consider methods for collecting objective
information
• Consider methods for collecting subjective
information
• Use additional questioning where required
• Check client’s understanding of the
information collected
51. Analyse Client Response to
PARQ
Consider the following:
• Any ‘yes’ responses
• Client concerns regarding readiness
• Instructor concerns regarding readiness
• How to interpret client’s body language
• High blood pressure reading
52. Analyse Client Response to
PARQ
Consider the following:
• High heart rate reading (tachycardia ›100 bpm)
• Low heart rate reading (bradycardia ‹60bpm)
• Whether any additional questioning is required
53. Medical Conditions
The following types of medical conditions will
prevent PTs from working with clients (unless
they have specialist training/qualifications):
•CHD
•Pre and post natal
•Diabetes
•Disability
•Cancer
•Stroke
54. Medical Conditions
The following types of medical conditions will
prevent PTs from working with clients (unless
they have specialist training/qualifications):
•Severe musculoskeletal issues/injuries
•Ageing (when resulting in age-related issues)
•Exercise referral (specific controlled medical
conditions)
•Obesity
•Rehabilitation patients
55. Referral
Consider the limits of your own expertise and
competence in prescribing a progressive
exercise programme. Refer where required to:
•GP
•Physiotherapist
•Other health professionals/consultants
•Senior colleague (if appropriately qualified)
56. How to Identify PT Goals with
Clients
By the end of the session you will be able to:
• Explain how to identify client’s short, medium
and long term goals
• Identify when PTs should involve others,
apart from their clients, in goal setting
• Explain how to use SMART objectives in a
PT programme
57. Goal Setting
Identify short, medium and long term goals
for the following:
•General health and fitness
•Physiological
•Psychological
•Lifestyle
•Social
•Functional ability
58. Goal Setting
• Short term goal: weekly (mini process goals)
• Medium term goal: 1 – 3 months (process goals)
• Long term goal: 3 – 6, 6 – 12 months (outcome
goals)
59. Goal Setting
Consider involving others where appropriate:
• Positive ParQ – referral/deferral
• Family and friends for external support and
encouragement
• GP or other health professional for medical
reasons
60. Goal Setting
Use SMART goals to:
• Break down a long term goal into more
achievable sub-goals and to enhance
sense of progression/success
• Demonstrate progress against baseline
measures
• Structure a PT programme
61. How to Plan a PT Programme
with Clients
By the end of the session you will be able to:
• Identify credible sources of guidelines on programme design and
safe exercise
• Summarise the key principles of designing programmes to achieve
short, medium and long term goals, including the order and
structure of sessions
• Describe a range of safe and effective exercises/physical activities
to develop all components of fitness
• Explain how to include physical activities as part of the client’s
lifestyle to compliment exercise sessions
• Explain how to design programmes that can be run in environments
not designed specifically for exercise
• Identify when it might be appropriate to share the programme with
other professionals
62. Sources of Information
• ACSM guidelines
• Reputable internet sources
• British Heart Foundation (BHF) guidelines
• Reputable journals (e.g. BHF, REPs etc)
64. Principles of Programme Design
Consider ACSM guidelines:
CV fitness
• High intensity, low duration, or moderate to vigorous
exercise with longer duration
• 64% and 70 – 94% of MHR
• Those already physically active (in aerobic activity)
require intensities at high end of continuum
• For most individuals intensities within a range of
77% to 90% of MHR are sufficient to achieve
improvements in CV fitness
65. Principles of Programme Design
Consider ACSM guidelines:
Muscular fitness
• F – 2-3 times a week
• I – 8-10 exercises (1 per main muscle group),
1 set of 8-12 reps on each exercise,
resistance 75% 1RM
• T – 20 minutes
• T – resistance machines/free weights
66. Principles of Programme Design
Consider ACSM guidelines:
Flexibility
• F – ideally 5-7 times per week
• I – to the end of ROM at point of tightness
• T – 15-30 seconds for each stretch
• T – static stretches
67. Principles of Programme Design
Consider the following:
• Overload
• Adaptation
• Specificity
• Reversibility
• Progression
• Regression
• Rest and recovery
(during and between sessions)
68. Principles of Programme Design
Apply the principles of periodisation:
• Macrocycles: long term (outcome) goal
• Mesocycles: medium term (process) goals
• Microcycles: short term (process) goals,
where the detail of each training session is
applied
69. Principles of Programme Design
Consider the order and relevance of fitness
components for each session:
•Warm up
•Flexibility (as part of warm up)
•Balance, motor skills training, proprioception
training
•Core stability
•Cardiovascular workout
•Muscular conditioning
•Cool down, including flexibility
70. Principles of Programme Design
CV Fitness
Consider the advantages and
disadvantages of each training system:
• Interval
• Fartlek
• Continuous/constant pace training
71. Principles of Programme Design
Muscular Fitness
Apply the following (as appropriate):
• Strength
• Endurance
• Power
Using a range of:
• Resistance machines
• Free weights
• Cables
• Body weight exercises
80. Principles of Programme Design
Aim to include physical activities as part of the client’s
lifestyle to compliment exercise sessions, to include:
•Activities of daily living (e.g. gardening, housework,
shopping, walking)
•Benefits of using pedometers – walking
•Leisure activities (e.g. sports, hobbies)
•Family activities (e.g. family activity)
•Variety to aid motivation and adherence
•Cumulative effect of being more active on a daily basis
Include on programme card as agreed with client
81. How to Adapt a PT Programme
with Clients
By the end of the session you will be able to:
• Explain how the principles of training can be used to
adapt the programme where required
• Describe the different training systems and their use in
providing variety and in ensuring programmes remain
effective
• Explain why it is important to keep accurate records of
changes and the reasons for change
82. CV Training Systems
Consider the advantages and
disadvantages of each of these training
systems:
•Interval
•Fartlek
•Continuous/constant pace training
•Circuit training
•Random
84. RT Systems
Consider the advantages and disadvantages of each
of these training systems:
•Pyramid systems
•Super setting (agonist/antagonist; agonist/agonist)
•Giant sets
•Tri sets
•Forced repetitions
•Pre/post exhaust
•Negative/eccentric training
•Stripping method
•Cheating method
88. Biomechanics
Apply the principles of biomechanics, to
include:
• Centre of gravity
• Momentum
• Posture and alignment
• Levers
• Stability
89. Flexibility Systems
Consider the advantages and disadvantages of each
of these training methods:
•CRAC (contract, relax, agonist, contract)
•PNF (Proprioception Neuromuscular Facilitation)
•Self myofascial release
•Static
•Ballistic
•Dynamic
•Partner stretching
90. Record Keeping
Maintain accurate records of changes, in relation to:
•Client’s short term and long term SMART goals
•Correct intensity
•Different exercise choices
•Adaptations and modifications
•Long term behaviour change
Using an appropriate programme card
91. Collecting Information about Clients
By the end of the session you will be able to:
• Establish rapport with the client
• Explain own role and responsibilities to clients
• Collect the information needed to plan a
programme using appropriate methods
• Show sensitivity and empathy to clients and the
information they provide
• Record the information using appropriate formats
in a way that will aid analysis
• Treat confidential information correctly
92. Establishing Rapport
Consider the following:
• The importance of empathy, warmth, honesty
and genuineness
• Identifying potential barriers to
instructor/client interaction
• The use of effective questioning techniques
• The importance of active listening skills
• Understanding the significance of non-verbal
communication
• The need to maintain client confidentiality
93. PT Role and Responsibilities
Consider the following:
• The Code of Ethical Practice
• REPs registration
• Client/trainer contract outlining role and
responsibilities
• Positive communication
• Clear instructions and arrangements
• Sources of help/contact
• Professionalism
94. Recording of Information
Record information using appropriate
formats, to include:
•Medical questionnaires, psychological
questionnaires, lifestyle questionnaires
•Fitness assessment portfolio/records (CV
fitness, muscular strength, muscular
endurance, flexibility, body composition,
neuromuscular efficiency, posture, BP)
95. Agreeing Goals with Clients
By the end of the session you will be able to:
• Work with clients to agree short term,
medium term and long term goals
appropriate to their needs
• Ensure the goals are SMART
• Agree with clients their needs and
readiness to participate
96. Agreeing Goals
Work with clients to agree short, medium and long term
goals appropriate to their needs:
•Client to agree and set a goal contract
•Identify and agree appropriate goal evaluation procedures
•Review process agreed with the client
•Adopt a flexible approach according to the client’s needs
and abilities
•Ensure goals are SMART
•Conduct a readiness to exercise questionnaire
97. Planning a PT Programme
By the end of the session you will be able to:
• Plan specific outcome measures, stages of
achievement and exercise/physical activities
• Ensure the components of fitness are built into the
programme
• Apply the principles of training to help clients achieve
goals
• Agree the demands of the programme with clients
• Agree a timetable of sessions with clients
• Agree appropriate evaluation methods and review
dates
98. Planning a PT Programme
By the end of the session you will be able to:
• Identify the resources needed for the
programme, including the use of
environments not designed for exercise
• Record plans in a format that will help clients
and others involved to implement the
programme
• Agree how to maintain contact with the client
between sessions
99. Planning a PT Programme
Agree a timetable of sessions with clients:
• Short term plan (weekly session plan)
• Medium term plan (e.g. 3 month plan)
• Long term plan
(e.g. 6 month or 12 month plan)
Carry out regular reviews of:
• Short term process goals
• Medium term process goals
• Long term outcome goals
100. Managing a PT Programme
By the end of the session you will be able to:
• Ensure effective integration of all programme
exercises/physical activities and sessions
• Provide alternatives to the programmed
exercises/physical activities if clients cannot
take part as planned
• Monitor clients’ progress using appropriate
methods
101. Reviewing Progress with Clients
By the end of the session you will be able to:
• Explain to clients the purpose of review
• Review short, medium and long term goals with clients
at agreed points in the programme, taking into account
any changes in circumstances
• Encourage clients to give their own views on progress
• Use agreed evaluation guidelines
• Give feedback to clients during their review that is
likely to strengthen their motivation and adherence
• Agree review outcomes with clients
• Keep an accurate record of reviews and their outcome
102. Evaluation
Review the following:
• Session aims
• SMART goals
• Activities
• Client performance
• Own performance (preparation and
delivery)
• Health and safety
103. Adapting PT Programmes with
Clients
By the end of the session you will be able to:
• Identify goals and exercises/physical
activities that need to be redefined or
adapted
• Agree adaptations, progressions and
regressions to meet clients’ needs to
optimise achievement