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Svend Hollensen
GLOBAL MARKETING
5th Edition
How to Develop a profitable Global
Marketing Strategy
CIM Marketing Summit
The Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013
Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013
How to Develop a profitable Global
Marketing Strategy
Agenda:
1.Introduction (about myself, International
environment, Global Marketing Process etc.)
2. Glocalization strategy (B2B + B2C)
3. Global Account Management (GAM) (B2B –
seen from supplier)
Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013
Global Marketing Strategy
Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 17.04.2013
By: Svend Hollensen, svend@sam.sdu.dk
Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013
Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013
Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013
Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013
Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013
Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013
Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013
Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013
It nearly came to the situation that the US Government even
had to print new 1 dollar notes with a desperate George
Washington ………
Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013
Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013
Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013
The new world order (US loosing its
leadership in the world economy) –
provides new opportunities for
emerging regions to position
themselves in the long-term
development of the world economy
Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013
Some background information
about myself, my university and my
books
Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013
Here I live
SDU
Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013
University of Southern Denmark
Sønderborg
Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013 19-18
Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013
in 1998 2001 in 2004
4th ed. cam
in 20075th ed. came
in 2010
Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013
Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013
08-10-2013 21
Global roll-out
of Concepts /
High speed
Global Low-cost
Production and
Selling
Low
complexity
Regional
and local market
penetration
Culturally Close
to Consumer
Flexible Response
to local customer
needsGLOCAL
Global Marketing Strategies
Globalization
(Standardization)
Localization
(Differentiation)
100% 100%
Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013
Persil Black (for Europe) Persil Abaya (for women in Arabic
World)
2011:
Henkel
Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013
Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013 17-24
Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013
Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013
Global Account
Management
(GAM)
Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013 19-27
Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013
Three key reasons for increasing
importance of CRM/KAM and GAM:
1.Internationalization / globalization of key
customers
2.Worldwide consolidation of industries
3.Increasing use of outsourcing on the
customer side
Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013 19-29
1. Reason for GAM:
Internationalization of customers:
- An example from the wind
turbine industry
Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013 13-30
Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013 13-31
Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013 19-32
2. Reason for GAM:
Consolidation of Industries
= Fewer customers in the market
for the supplier to approach
Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013
Consolidation takes place everywhere and not only in the pharmaceutical industry ……..
Kilde: www.ims-global.com/.../ news_story_010425.htm
Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013
Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013 19-35
3. Reason for GAM:
Outsourcing of activities
= The 1st tier suppliers will get
more business from the key
global customers
Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013
R&D Production Marketing Sales and
services
Support functions: - Firm infrastructure
- Human Ressource Man.
Support functions: - Technology development
- Procurement (buying)
Upstream Downstream
- Product dev.
- Design
- Petents
- Product features
- Engineering
- Prod. capaciy
- Component parts
- Assembly
- Material flow
- Quality Man.
- Marketing info.
- Product
- Price
- Distribution
- Communication
- Branding
- Sales force
- Logistics
- Terrms of sales
- Inventory
- Payment
-Customer
service
Suppliers
Cus-
tomers
Value chain of focal firm:
Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013
Aluminium
Prod
End-consumers
First tier:
B2B B2C
Suppliers: Customers:
Upstream Downstream
Focal firm:
Braun (Gillette)
Second tier:
Nylon prod. /
DuPont
Brushhead
Oil / Refiner
Chemicals /
Plastic molder
Plast parts
Electric motor
Wires / Plugs /
Timer / chip /
Printed circuit
Rechargeable
Battery pack
B2BB2B B2B
Rubber / Metal
/ Wire producer
Chemicals /
Producer of
NiCd batteries
Mass Merchan-
disers:
Marks&Spencer
Sainsbury
Tesco, B&Q etc.
Second tier:First tier:
Electrical retail
chains:
Dixons
Curry
Comet
Electrical
wholesaler
Independent
electrical
stores
Internet:
Amazon.com
Dentist.net
etc.
’Internal’ value chain:
Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013
Figure: The trend towards increasing outsourcing among European car manufacturers
Source: Focus Money, Wertschöpfung von Autozuliefern14. Juli, p. 13
Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013
Seller Buyer
Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013
Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013 19-41
Development of GAM
Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013
Customer (GA) HQ
Supplier HQ
……..Country
A
Country
B
Country
C
Country
N
Traditional HQ-HQ negotiations
with central distribution
Centralized coordination of the GAM relationship:
(GAM relationship with relative high customer power):
Customer (GA) HQ
Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013
……..
……..
Decentralizedandlocal
adaptationofGAM
Supplier HQ
Customer (GA) HQ
Local
Coordina-
tion
Local
Coordina-
tion
Local
Coordina-
tion
Country
A
Country
A
Country
B
Country
B
Country
C
Country
C
Country
N
Country
N
Mix - coordination af GAM-relation:
Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013
……..
……..
Decentralizedandlocal
adaptationofGAM
Supplier HQ
Customer (GA) HQ
Local
Coordina-
tion
Local
Coordina-
tion
Local
Coordina-
tion
Country
A
Country
A
Country
B
Country
B
Country
C
Country
C
Country
N
Country
N
Decentralized coordination of
the GAM relationship:
Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013
One example of centralized negotiation of GAM:
Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013
Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013
Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013
(DC = Distribution Centres)
Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013
Customer (GA) HQ
Supplier HQ
……..Country
A
Country
B
Country
C
Country
N
Traditional HQ-HQ negotiations
with decentralized distribution
GAM relationship with relative high customer power:
DC logistics DC logistics
Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013
Production units
Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013
Global Marketing of:
= GAM
Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013
Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013
Outside Europe: Adaptation
of ‘Global Marketing’
Russia – pure translation
India – Co-authorship
Latin America – Co-authorship
Europe:
China – pure translation
Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013
Textbooks for courses in ”International Marketing”:
• Fragmented market
• No clear market leader
• Intensive competition on the publisher level
Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013
Textbooks for courses in ”International Marketing”:
High degree of competition between textbooks on publisher level:
and many more ..
Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013
Textbooks for courses in ”International Marketing”:
High degree of internal competition:
Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013
= The wold’s biggest
publisher within business
literature for uni. courses
Reps in UK
(home)
Reps in
Benelux
Reps in
Skandinavia
Reps in
Eastern
Europe
Reps in
Africa and
Asia
Reps in
North
America
Business schools = end customers
Lecturers Students
Lecturers Students
Lecturers Students
Lecturers Students
Lecturers Students
Lecturers Students
Supplier:
R & D
Product development
Customer:
Production & Marketing
GAM -relation
HQ in UK (London)
What to do as a supplier with small relative power?
Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013
Recommendations for the supplier in GAM-relationships:
1. Try to increase the level of your ’value’, which is perceived by the
customer, e.g. by suggesting an extension of your product
solution, for example by offering special after-sales-services
2. Try to offset the customer’s central buying power by
communicating directly to the local end-customers. In this
connection, local partners (agents etc.) can be of great help
3. Try to take advantage of local differences in the decision
processes of the global customer organization. In a global
consolidation process with many M&As it is hard for the
customer HQs to implement central negotiation processes. They
have to decentralize and this provides opportunities for the
supplier to achieve good local deals.
Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013
Thank you !

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Cyprus Institute of Marketing - Contribution to CIM Marketing Summit 2013 - 20.04.2013

  • 1. Svend Hollensen GLOBAL MARKETING 5th Edition How to Develop a profitable Global Marketing Strategy CIM Marketing Summit The Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013
  • 2. Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013 How to Develop a profitable Global Marketing Strategy Agenda: 1.Introduction (about myself, International environment, Global Marketing Process etc.) 2. Glocalization strategy (B2B + B2C) 3. Global Account Management (GAM) (B2B – seen from supplier)
  • 3. Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013 Global Marketing Strategy Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 17.04.2013 By: Svend Hollensen, svend@sam.sdu.dk
  • 4. Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013
  • 5. Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013
  • 6. Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013
  • 7. Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013
  • 8. Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013
  • 9. Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013
  • 10. Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013
  • 11. Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013 It nearly came to the situation that the US Government even had to print new 1 dollar notes with a desperate George Washington ………
  • 12. Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013
  • 13. Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013
  • 14. Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013 The new world order (US loosing its leadership in the world economy) – provides new opportunities for emerging regions to position themselves in the long-term development of the world economy
  • 15. Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013 Some background information about myself, my university and my books
  • 16. Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013 Here I live SDU
  • 17. Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013 University of Southern Denmark Sønderborg
  • 18. Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013 19-18
  • 19. Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013 in 1998 2001 in 2004 4th ed. cam in 20075th ed. came in 2010
  • 20. Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013
  • 21. Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013 08-10-2013 21 Global roll-out of Concepts / High speed Global Low-cost Production and Selling Low complexity Regional and local market penetration Culturally Close to Consumer Flexible Response to local customer needsGLOCAL Global Marketing Strategies Globalization (Standardization) Localization (Differentiation) 100% 100%
  • 22. Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013 Persil Black (for Europe) Persil Abaya (for women in Arabic World) 2011: Henkel
  • 23. Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013
  • 24. Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013 17-24
  • 25. Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013
  • 26. Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013 Global Account Management (GAM)
  • 27. Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013 19-27
  • 28. Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013 Three key reasons for increasing importance of CRM/KAM and GAM: 1.Internationalization / globalization of key customers 2.Worldwide consolidation of industries 3.Increasing use of outsourcing on the customer side
  • 29. Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013 19-29 1. Reason for GAM: Internationalization of customers: - An example from the wind turbine industry
  • 30. Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013 13-30
  • 31. Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013 13-31
  • 32. Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013 19-32 2. Reason for GAM: Consolidation of Industries = Fewer customers in the market for the supplier to approach
  • 33. Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013 Consolidation takes place everywhere and not only in the pharmaceutical industry …….. Kilde: www.ims-global.com/.../ news_story_010425.htm
  • 34. Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013
  • 35. Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013 19-35 3. Reason for GAM: Outsourcing of activities = The 1st tier suppliers will get more business from the key global customers
  • 36. Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013 R&D Production Marketing Sales and services Support functions: - Firm infrastructure - Human Ressource Man. Support functions: - Technology development - Procurement (buying) Upstream Downstream - Product dev. - Design - Petents - Product features - Engineering - Prod. capaciy - Component parts - Assembly - Material flow - Quality Man. - Marketing info. - Product - Price - Distribution - Communication - Branding - Sales force - Logistics - Terrms of sales - Inventory - Payment -Customer service Suppliers Cus- tomers Value chain of focal firm:
  • 37. Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013 Aluminium Prod End-consumers First tier: B2B B2C Suppliers: Customers: Upstream Downstream Focal firm: Braun (Gillette) Second tier: Nylon prod. / DuPont Brushhead Oil / Refiner Chemicals / Plastic molder Plast parts Electric motor Wires / Plugs / Timer / chip / Printed circuit Rechargeable Battery pack B2BB2B B2B Rubber / Metal / Wire producer Chemicals / Producer of NiCd batteries Mass Merchan- disers: Marks&Spencer Sainsbury Tesco, B&Q etc. Second tier:First tier: Electrical retail chains: Dixons Curry Comet Electrical wholesaler Independent electrical stores Internet: Amazon.com Dentist.net etc. ’Internal’ value chain:
  • 38. Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013 Figure: The trend towards increasing outsourcing among European car manufacturers Source: Focus Money, Wertschöpfung von Autozuliefern14. Juli, p. 13
  • 39. Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013 Seller Buyer
  • 40. Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013
  • 41. Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013 19-41 Development of GAM
  • 42. Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013 Customer (GA) HQ Supplier HQ ……..Country A Country B Country C Country N Traditional HQ-HQ negotiations with central distribution Centralized coordination of the GAM relationship: (GAM relationship with relative high customer power): Customer (GA) HQ
  • 43. Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013 …….. …….. Decentralizedandlocal adaptationofGAM Supplier HQ Customer (GA) HQ Local Coordina- tion Local Coordina- tion Local Coordina- tion Country A Country A Country B Country B Country C Country C Country N Country N Mix - coordination af GAM-relation:
  • 44. Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013 …….. …….. Decentralizedandlocal adaptationofGAM Supplier HQ Customer (GA) HQ Local Coordina- tion Local Coordina- tion Local Coordina- tion Country A Country A Country B Country B Country C Country C Country N Country N Decentralized coordination of the GAM relationship:
  • 45. Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013 One example of centralized negotiation of GAM:
  • 46. Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013
  • 47. Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013
  • 48. Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013 (DC = Distribution Centres)
  • 49. Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013 Customer (GA) HQ Supplier HQ ……..Country A Country B Country C Country N Traditional HQ-HQ negotiations with decentralized distribution GAM relationship with relative high customer power: DC logistics DC logistics
  • 50. Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013 Production units
  • 51. Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013 Global Marketing of: = GAM
  • 52. Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013
  • 53. Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013 Outside Europe: Adaptation of ‘Global Marketing’ Russia – pure translation India – Co-authorship Latin America – Co-authorship Europe: China – pure translation
  • 54. Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013 Textbooks for courses in ”International Marketing”: • Fragmented market • No clear market leader • Intensive competition on the publisher level
  • 55. Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013 Textbooks for courses in ”International Marketing”: High degree of competition between textbooks on publisher level: and many more ..
  • 56. Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013 Textbooks for courses in ”International Marketing”: High degree of internal competition:
  • 57. Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013 = The wold’s biggest publisher within business literature for uni. courses Reps in UK (home) Reps in Benelux Reps in Skandinavia Reps in Eastern Europe Reps in Africa and Asia Reps in North America Business schools = end customers Lecturers Students Lecturers Students Lecturers Students Lecturers Students Lecturers Students Lecturers Students Supplier: R & D Product development Customer: Production & Marketing GAM -relation HQ in UK (London) What to do as a supplier with small relative power?
  • 58. Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013 Recommendations for the supplier in GAM-relationships: 1. Try to increase the level of your ’value’, which is perceived by the customer, e.g. by suggesting an extension of your product solution, for example by offering special after-sales-services 2. Try to offset the customer’s central buying power by communicating directly to the local end-customers. In this connection, local partners (agents etc.) can be of great help 3. Try to take advantage of local differences in the decision processes of the global customer organization. In a global consolidation process with many M&As it is hard for the customer HQs to implement central negotiation processes. They have to decentralize and this provides opportunities for the supplier to achieve good local deals.
  • 59. Svend Hollensen, CIM Marketing Summit, Cyprus Institute of Marketing, 20.04.2013 Thank you !