This document defines several key cyber security terms: CAPTCHA uses distorted text to distinguish humans from machines; a cyber attack assaults computers or networks through hacking; cyber threats are malicious attempts to steal data or access files; an exploit takes advantage of a vulnerability; vulnerability is a weakness that can be exploited; mitigation lessens damage from attacks; a patch fixes security flaws; data breach discloses private information without authorization; authentication verifies a user's identity; two-factor authentication uses two methods like a password and token; and multi-factor authentication uses multiple independent factors for access.

1. 3)Terminologies in Cyber Security
4) What is Hacking?

2. TERMINOLOGIES IN CYBER SECURITY
1.Cyber attack 6.Patch
2.Cyber threats 7.Mitigation
3.Exploit 8.CAPTCHA
4.Vulnerability 9.Authentication
5.Databreach

3. CAPTCHA:
 A computer program or system intended to distinguish
human from machine input.
 CAPTCHA is an acronym that stands for "Completely
Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and
Humans Apart .“
 A computer program such as a bot will be unable to
interpret the distorted letters, while a human being
can interpret them.

4. CYBER ATTACK:
CYBER THREATS:
A cyber attack is an assault launched
by cybercriminals using one or more computers against a
single or multiple computers or networks.
Cyber threats are malicious
attempts to cause disruptions to a computer system or
network by stealing valuable data or accessing unauthorized
files.

5. EXPLOIT:
VULNERABILITY:
An exploit is a piece of software, a chunk of
data, or a sequence of commands that takes advantage of a
vulnerability to cause damage.
( to use something to one’s own advantage)
Vulnerability is a weakness which
can be exploited by a threat actor, such as an attacker, to
perform unauthorized actions.

6. MITIGATION:
DATA BREACH:
PATCH:
Data breach is a confirmed incident in
which sensitive, confidential or protected data has been accessed
and/or disclosed in an unauthorized fashion .
• Threat Mitigation refers to the policies or
the processes used to, lessen the extent of a damage , when
security attacks happen.
A patch is a small piece of software that a company
issues whenever a security flaw is uncovered.

7. AUTHENTICATION
Validating or verifying an identity of a user before
allowing access.
Two phases:
 Identification
 Actual authentication
Identification – The user id you enter.
Actual authentication – password or pin

8. It is a security process in which users provide two different
authentication factors to verify themselves.
Two-factor authentication methods rely on a user providing
a password, as well as a second factor, usually either a
security token
 80% of data breaches can be prevented by 2FA.
 Less than 10% of users adopted 2FA over the course of over
7 years.
TWO FACTOR AUTHENTICATION

9. MFA: It is the most sophisticated authentication method that
uses 2 or more independent factors to grant user access to a system.
 Something you know - a password or a pin
 Something you have - mobile phone or a security
token
 Something you are - fingerprint or Face ID
 Something you do - typing speed, locational
information
MULTI FACTOR AUTHENTICATION