Curriculum Developement,

2. Scope of Curriculum
• Curriculum is very comprehensive in its scope. It touches all aspects of the
life of the pupils- the need and interest of the pupils, environment which
should be educationally congenial to them, ways and manners in which their
interests can be handled and warmed-up, the procedures and approaches
which cause effective learning among them, the social efficiency of the
individuals and how they fit in with the community around.

3. • It is intimately related with the individual as a member of the society. It embodies
the educational philosophy, the values which it aims to achieve, the purposed it
wants philosophy, the values it aims to achieve purposes it wants to realise and the
specific goals that it wants to achieve. The emphasis is on the child. In the total
education of the child, all the subjects like history, geography, science and language
are but tools. These are the means and therefore the children must not be made to
fit in such study.

4. Need and Importance of Curriculum
• The need of education determines the importance of curriculum. Thus the need of
curriculum is evolved the concept of ‘curriculum development’. These needs of the
curriculum have been merited as below:-
•
a. The human can acquire knowledge while other specis cannot acquire knowledge.
It is an important aspect of human beings.
•
• b. The mental aspects are trained and developed, thus mental facilities are trained by
teaching various school subjects.

5. • c. The vocational and technical educations prepare the students for different jobs. During
British period, clerks were prepared through educational curriculum.
• d. The interests and attitudes are developed according to the students’ potentialities.
Curriculum is designed as child centred approach.
• e. The good citizen are prepared by the developing democratic way of life. It also develops
the abilities and capacities of the teachers.
• f. The ability of the self-realisation is also developed by education and to make good man.
• g. It also develops the feeling of appreciation and sound judgement.
• h. Education is given always for future life so that he can earn his living.
• i. It also prepare for scientific invention and technical development.
• j. It brings performance in child. It helps in all-round development.

6. • In other words, the following are the major areas of curriculum development-
• i. Realisation of Educational Objectives:- An orgenisation of education is based
on the curriculum. The curriculum development is done in view to realize the
objectives of education. Thus the curriculum is the means for achieving the
educational objectives.
• ii. Proper use of Time and Energy:- It provides the guidelines to the teachers as
well as to students, what a teacher has to learn.
• Iii. Acquisition of Knowledge:- The curriculum is the means for the acquiring
knowledge. Actually, human knowledge is one but is divided into subjects for the
convenience and organisation point of view. Thus, the curriculum is designed for the
different subjects.

7. • iv. Determining Structure of Content:- Every subject’s content has its wide
structure which is to be taught lower level to the higher level. Thus the main task to
the higher level. Thus the main task of curriculum development is determining
structure of content for a particular stage teaching. Thus the curriculum of different
subjects is designed from primary level to university level.
• v. Development of Personality:- The curriculum is also important and significant
from personality development of student. The curriculum is designed which helps in
development in good qualities in students. It helps in developing physical, social and
moral qualities of learners.

8. • vi. Preparation of Textbook:- The curriculum provides the guideline and bases for
preparing textbook for the use of students and subject teacher. If the curriculum is
changed or modified, the textbooks are also changed. A good textbook has wide
coverage of curriculum content of subjects.
• Vii. Conducting Examination:- Our education system is examination oriented. The
students have forced to obtain good marks in the examination. Thus examination
paper is prepared as per the curriculum of the subject and students also prepare the
content for the examination. Thus, curriculum is the basis of teaching, learning and
testing.

9. • Viii. Organising Teaching and Learning Situation:- The teaching and learning
situations are organised in view to the curriculum. Teaching work is also assigned
with the help of curriculum.
• ix. Decision about Instructional Method:- The instructional method is selected
and used in view of the curriculum. The same content is taught from memory to
reflective level. It may be teacher centred or learner centred.
• x. Development of Knowledge, Skill and Attitude:- The nature of curriculum
provides the basis for the developing knowledge, skills, attitude and creative ability.
It also helps in development leadership qualities.

41. Principles Of Curriculum Development
• The principles of the curriculum are norms, values, moralities, and philosophies that will benefit teachers, students, and the whole education
system. The curriculum and instructional strategy are essential components of imparting knowledge to students.
• Totality Of Experiences
• Child-Centeredness
• Conservation And Creativity
• Integration
• Flexibility
• Utility
• Character Formation
• Mental Discipline
• Social Fulfillment

42. • 1) Principle Of Totality Of Experiences
• It is imperative to realize that curriculum does not merely indicate academic subjects
traditionally taught in schools and colleges. It also includes the totality of experiences
a student gains through several curricular, extra-curricular and co-curricular activities.
• 2) Principle Of Child-Centeredness
• Instead of sticking to the predetermined curriculum, instructors must consider the
child’s concerns, motives, and needs while developing the curriculum. In addition,
while planning any curricular activities, educators must consider ways to enrich
learners’ interests.

43. • 3) Principle Of Conservation And Creativity
• While developing a curriculum, it is mandatory to include subjects and experiences
that would help conserve cultural heritage. Furthermore, one of the most essential
principles of curriculum development is that the curriculum cannot be static. On the
contrary, it should be subject to modification as per the requirement aligned with the
changing global educational trends and students’ needs.
• 4) Principle Of Integration
• The curriculum should be planned in such a way that varied subjects could be added
at different stages of education. Similarly, the existing subjects should be able to
integrate with other subjects apart from enabling the students to correlate with the
content.

44. • 5) Principle Of Flexibility
• One of the ideal qualities that a curriculum should have is flexibility and dynamism,
as this will be instrumental in serving the needs and concerns of individuals and
society. Also, timely changes and appropriate modifications to the curriculum allows
educators and learners alike to stay updated with academic goals.
• 6) Principle Of Utility
• Curriculum construction should follow the principle of utility, according to which
educators must include content that is useful to the individual and society. In
addition, the curriculum must consist of rich and valuable content that would be
useful later in life.

45. • 7) Principle Of Character Formation
• The goal of the curriculum is not just educating learners through bookish
knowledge. It should also encourage the development of character and personality in
students. Therefore, the curriculum must aid in students’ character training
throughout the academic years.
• 8) Principle Of Mental Discipline
• A significant task of the curriculum is to foster learners' various mental faculties or
powers through cognitive training and practice.

46. • 9) Principle Of Social Fulfillment
• Education aims to provide the overall development of the students through
comprehensive teaching styles and content. Moreover, the curriculum should
also consider adding the element of social life so that learners could gain
insight into becoming responsible citizens.