The document covers various fundamental concepts of current electricity, including definitions, Ohm's Law, and the behavior of resistors in series and parallel circuits. It explains the heating effects of electric current and provides practical applications, such as lighting, heating devices, motors, and charging devices. Additionally, it defines key terms like electromotive force and potential difference.

1. Current Electricity
ICSE Class 10 Physics - Chapter 8

2. Introduction to Current Electricity
• Electric current is the flow of electric charge.
• Measured in Amperes (A).
• Current flows from positive to negative in a
circuit.

3. Ohm's Law
• Ohm's Law states:
• V = IR
• Where:
• V = Voltage (Volts)
• I = Current (Amperes)
• R = Resistance (Ohms)

4. Resistance in Series and Parallel
• Resistors in Series:
• R_total = R1 + R2 + R3 + ...
• Resistors in Parallel:
• 1/R_total = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3 + ...

5. Heating Effects of Electric Current
• When current flows through a resistor, it
produces heat.
• Heat generated (H) = I²Rt
• Applications:
• - Electric heaters
• - Electric irons

6. Electromotive Force (EMF) and
Potential Difference
• Electromotive Force (EMF):
• The energy provided by a cell/battery per
coulomb of charge.
• Potential Difference:
• The difference in electric potential between
two points in a circuit.

7. Practical Applications of Electricity
• 1. Lighting (e.g., bulbs, LEDs)
• 2. Heating devices (e.g., geysers, ovens)
• 3. Motors and Fans
• 4. Charging devices (e.g., phones, laptops)