The document discusses e-learning in higher education and some of the challenges associated with implementing e-learning programs. It notes that providing adequate technical infrastructure and training faculty and students on technical skills are critical factors for success. Supporting e-learning also requires balancing resources and gradually incorporating tools. The goal of the project discussed is to design a system that enables easy language localization for e-learning materials while addressing technical and cultural considerations.

1. SAP - its application MBA PHARMACY HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT
Volume. 3 Issue 2 November 2009 A IEC - CET MAGAZINE
10
1999-2009
YEARS
Celebrating Excellence

2. National Conference on e-Learning :
An Innovative Knowledge Oriented Framework
November 2009 Vishwakarma Day
September 9-10, 2009 at India International Centre
(Annexe), New Delhi
Vishwakarma is the greatest engineer of Gods in heaven. He has designed
Shri G L Tandon, Padma Bhushan,Former CMD Coal India
'Vajra' for Indra to destroy the demon Vratrasur. He has also made 'Sudarshan
Chakra' for lord Vishnu. The material of these ayudhs was the bones of Rishi Ltd,Dr Utpal K Banerjee, Padma Shree was Guest of
Dadhichi. Rishi Dhadichi gladly left his body for the purpose. Honour and Prof K R Srivathsan,Pro-Vice Chancellor
Content
actiitis@iec cet
To pay our homage to the greatest engineer, we at IEC celebrated Vishwakarma IGNOU was keynote speaker of the event. The conference
day. All machines, tools and equipments were worshiped. Haven Pooja was
was chaired by Dr. H.M. Gupta, Electrical Engineering
conducted and Ahutis were given. Pooja was joined by Vice-President, Director,
Faculties, Staff and Students. Prasad and sweets were distributed to all who Department, IIT Delhi , Dr. Sneha Mohan Executive Director SHUBH
were present. of CDT Foundation and Co-Chair Dr. Nupur Prakash ICAI.
Diwali Celebration
The sponsors for the conference was JIIT, Noida, Adobe DEEPAWALI
India, ABV-IITM, Gurukul Online and RGEC, Meerut. The
On the occasion of Diwali, a cultural programme was conducted in a very
conference published 47 papers authored by 84
congenial environment. The multi talented faculties and staff members of IEC
presented various songs, dances and skits. Various games were also played to participants..My paper on ”e-Learning is an add on to
fill the atmosphere with fun. Everybody was filled classroom teaching pedagogy” is published in conference
with joy on the occasion of festival of lights in the proceedings co-authored by Sharad kumar. I presented on
affable gathering. The cultural programme was 10 Sept 2009 in Web based Learning category. Eminant
followed by Diwali gift presentation and lunch. Later
speakers like Dr. Y.N. Singh of IIT, Kanpur demonstrated
the staff members proceeded for Diwali vacation.
Brihaspati software. Dr. Nupur Prakash gave presentation
BOOK FAIR on Blended Learning.The two days conference was a great
Front Page - 10th year poster
A book fair was organized in the college premises success for creating an innovative environment in e-
Front Back -Content, activities@ieccet on Saturday 10 Oct 09. About 25 publishers and
learning and full participation from different parts of India.
distributors were invited, Tata Mcgraw hill, Pearson
activities@ieccet....................................1 ed.,Wiley india, S. Chand, Himalaya publicatios Various Universities like Jammu and Kashmir Univ.,
etc.Participants like S.Chand, Himalaya publications, EXEL publications(also Bhopal,Indore, Hyderabad , Gwalior, Jaipur, Jamia Milia
Message from President........................2 distributers), IK publications, Serial publications, UBS etc. showed high New Delhi ,JNU New Delhi, IIT Delhi etc have enhanced
enthusiasm by arriving well before time. Books for all B.Tech courses,
E-learning..........................................3 - 6 MBA,MCA, B.Pharma, Hotel Management were available.
glory of the event. Presentations by Gurukul Online , Adobe
and other sponsors were knowledge enhancing and
Emerging Technology........................6 - 7 All the colleges in knowledge park-1,2,3,4 were personally invited by the
teachers through the directors of those colleges. motivating. The conference was a benchmark of e-Learning
Global Warming................................8 - 9 The students and teachers showed keen interest and were very thrilled to have concepts. Ms. Sharbani Bhattacharya attended this
so many options at their doorstep, so much so ,that ,they wish to be involved in a seminar
MBA Article...........................................10 big way and organise the event on a much larger scale next time.
1. The Science Club, Department of Applied Science
Our Department (Mechanical).............11 Power Generation In Sugar Plants Presentation by Triveni Engineering
organized an event `Sci-Feast' on 7th September 2009. The
& Industries Ltd
Advances in Drug Delivery Systems....12 event consisted of fundamental multiple choice questions
On 3rd of September two senior executives from Triveni Engineering & Industries
Ltd (TEIL) gave presentation on "Power Generation In Sugar Plants" in IEC-CET. related to Physics, Chemistry and Environment Science.
Contribution of Nanotechnology...........13 It may be mentioned that they also met the IEC Group of Institutions 2. MCA department organized a quiz on “Fundamental
management team during their visit. TEIL is a 10 Bilion INR company having
4G Mobile communication............14 - 15 strong presence in Sugar Production, Steam Turbine and Gear BX Concepts of Computers & Programming Languages”
manufacturing, Captive Power and Cogeneration System Integration, Water and on 23rd September 2009.
Hospitality Mgmt page..........................16 Waste treatment.
3. 20 Students and 11 Faculty members of CS/IT
Science & Technical News...................17 department conducted a demo on e-learning Software
Power Generation in Sugar Plants Adobe Connect Pro virtually from Adobe on 24th September
Bioinformatics with soft computing 2009. This activity was coordinated by Ms. Sharbani
DNA................................................18- 19 As a part of Institution - Industry Bhattacharya of Information Technology Department..
Interaction Programme, IEC College of
Engineering and Technology, Noida, 4. Applied Science department organized a painting
Faculty development Programme invited TBG to give a presentation to competition “RAINBOW” for all the students of IEC-CET on
their students & faculty on “ Power
Conducted by Wipro.....................20 - 22 Generation in Sugar Plants” 1st October 09. The winners of the Competition were :Mr.
Ashutosh Jha (MCA) final year – First Prize, Ms. Nisha
The Human Genome Project...............23 Mr. S.A. Muzaffar, DGM-CCC ( North Zone) and Mr. D.S. Kalsi, Manager, Singh (B.Pharma) III yr got Second Prize and Mr. Shadad
CCC (Noida) visited the IEC campus. During the interaction, Mr. Muzaffar Ahmad (B.Tech) I yr got third prize.
explained the process of Power Generation in sugar mills, difference
Science Quiz.......................................24 between back pressure and condensing turbines and the advantage of 5. Cricket match was organized by Mr. Aditya Dayal Tyagi
Co-generation in National Economy. and Ms. Uma Sharma of MCA department on 8th October
Back Inside.........Oracle Announcement 2009. The match was between the 2nd and 3rd year students
The Interaction was very useful and appreciated by the Management
of IEC College. of MCA. A large number of students gathered in the college
Back Page............................PGDM ground.
1

3. Volume. 3 Issue 2 November 2009 E-learning in Higher Education
By Rajendra K.Sharma
(HOD IT) IEC-CET
A IEC - CET MAGAZINE
We at IEC-CET, are in process of implementing E-learning at IEC Campus. success of e-learning courses. Clearly, then, the support issue is becoming
critical to the continued growth and success of e-learning in higher
INTRODUCTION :
CHIEF PATRON education.
E-learning has taken a significant position in educational system. It is the
Shri R.L. Gupta
Chairman, IEC-CET best means to deliver learning content and material easily and cheaply. Objective:
Although the best approach in students' perspective may seem to develop a Our main objective is to
PATRON new product entirely for each country, location, language or culture [1], it is
provide a robust network
infrastructure that can
Prof. A.K.Khare rarely feasible. A more practical approach would be to design the content
Vice President Welcome Message from Chairman deliver all e- service to all
with multilingual social impact in mind and to separate the content with targeted learners,
EDITORIAL BOARD presentation. The content must be designed in a structured way so that it is
Chairman Dear Students easy to translate to another language. This can be achieved through proper
Mr. R.K.Srivastava interface design, effective presentation, mechanism and localization of 1. Academic staff and
employees.
This ‘News Letter’ reaches you after your return from content based on lingual and social perspective. Few skills like: 2. Current WAN Networks is
Editor very weak & vulnerable.
DEEPWALI Holidays, fresh to accept challenges and
Dr. Ishan Ranjan 3. Sample of the e-learning
ready to set new goals. 1. Instructors and students underestimate e- learning's time commitment. services that need to be
Asstt. Editor supported are:
2. Students' technical skills and infrastructure may not be enough to handle a. Online courses
Prof. Rakesh Kumar
Let me address the first year students first. Because e-learning requirements. b. Virtual classes
c. Academic portal
of the delayed in counseling by UPTU, the academic 3. Institutions must balance and adapt a web of interconnected resources to d. Admin portal
sessions has been drastically proved creating hurdles for e. Video streaming.
CONTENT SUPPORT support e-learning adequately.
academics and students. It is no easy task to cover the DESIGN GOALS :
Mr. Rajender K. Sharma 4. A course management system can make or break e-learning adoption.
syllabus within the stipulated time. Extra curricular The goal of the project is to provide easy mechanism of language
Mr. Sanjeev Mathur 5. A menu of training options is needed to address varying training needs
activities may have to be clipped to fit in with the time localization keeping the previously mentioned aspects in mind. It is also
Mr. Yash Raghav and learning styles.
available. I am sure your teacher’s will rise to the noticed that most Asian languages require a larger font size to show properly
Ms.Yogita Goyal 6. Because e-learning course creation is complex, a gradual incorporation of
occasion as they always do to help you to tide over the on the screen. Ample space must be kept during presentation design so that
Mr.Tom Thomas e-learning tools is recommended — perhaps using a formal course
difficulties. However, we have spared no efforts to make it is able to accommodate the content. It is best to design all text output with
Mr.Anuj Gupta development program.
your college as rewarding as possible. We have scrollbars enabling them to expand based on content without overflowing
Smt. Anita Menon 7. 24 × 7 support gains priority.
Mr. Amit Kumar arranged the services of a yoga teacher and sports guide the screen. System must also allow changing the font size depending on the
As information technology (IT) becomes more robust and easier to use, it
in your hostels and some more things are in the offing to language. Because each society may put emphasis on different aspects of a
increasingly permeates academic activities in higher education. The use of
give you stress free life. learning goal, it is very difficult to design a learning system that fits all social
technology in education, commonly defined as e-learning, has become a
Published from: perspective For instance the mathematic calculation of a division is
5, Sant Nagar standard component in many courses. Technology applications are not universal but each society may use different symbols to represent a division
New Delhi-110 065 I know you are facing problems because of the
limited to the classroom—they are also replacing some classroom sessions or its products. So whenever possible universally acceptable methods and
change in environment from School to Engineering
Website: with virtual sessions or fully replacing classroom courses with online
www.ieccollege.com college, not getting the food you are used to and change symbols should be used. Any image or symbol should be avoided when text
www.iec.edu.in courses. As institutions adopt e-learning, some important new issues arise: symbols can be used.
in daily routine. But when you realize that you are only on
1. Institutions must provide an adequate and reliable technical infrastructure SELECTION OF TECHNOLOGY :
Printed by: the threshold of your career and you are on the way to
PERCEIVE SERVICES NETWORK to support e-learning activities. The development tools used to create these must be Unicode compliant and
D-32, Basement Deepak Vihar opp. very high postilions, the problems you face are very trivial
C-67, Sector-58 Noida ( U.P.) so look up and go forward. 2. Instructors and students must possess the technical skills to use e- must support reading of external structured Unicode files as we will separate
E-mail: psn_advertising@yahoo.com learning tools.
psnad@rediffmail.com content from presentation. To represent the content we have chosen XML
Wishing you and your family a Happy Deepawali 3. Instructors must redesign their courses to incorporate e-learning and for creating the presentation we chose Macro media Flash. Flash has
Note: All articles given in the magazine
are based on the personal views of the and Greetings for the coming New Year 2010. effectively into their pedagogy. But as e-learning courses multiply, built in Unicode support and also has rich XML support.
contributor. IEC-CET is not responsible for institutions question whether they can provide the necessary support STRUCTURE OF LEARNING MATERIALS:
the views expressed. If these are
contradictory to any particular person or resources to address these issues. More than 70 percent of survey As previously stated, the structure of the system is divided into two sections:
entity. IEC-CET shall not be liable for the
respondents indicated that growth in instructors' support demands will “Content” and “Presentation”. The following guidelines were developed for
inadequacy of the information or display of R.L. Gupta
contents. outpace their institutions' ability to provide the needed support. Sixty-five these two sections so that proper localization is possible:
Chairman percent cited similar concerns for supporting students' e-learning activities. 4.1 Content (XML) File:
C IEC-CET - Sep 2009 Respondents stated that instructor training is a critical element in the 1. All content text information will be saved in an UTF-8 encoded XML file
(Fig. 1)
2 3

4. DESIGN GOALS : courses than many institutions can provide (if appropriately licensed), and
Student E-Learning Challenges:
The goal of the project is to provide easy mechanism of language KEY REPORT CONCEPTS can serve both instructors and students. Other popular training techniques
Students encounter their own problems when taking an e-learning course.
localization keeping the previously mentioned aspects in mind. It is also Online distance-learning courses: include short, focused training sessions, like brown-bag lunches to discuss
Many e-learning students lack confidence and experience with computers,
The instructor conducts class sessions online—not via mail or a specific topic, or weekly drop-in sessions to let faculty discuss specific
noticed that most Asian languages require a larger font size to show properly and they may lack skills in commonly used applications like Microsoft Word,
telephone. This usually requires no face-to-face meetings between technical or pedagogical problems on-the-fly. Others strive to train faculty
on the screen. Ample space must be kept during presentation design so that Excel, or PowerPoint. The access level differs for students who must use the
students and instructor either in the classroom or via video during the
about course management systems in a practical context to provide training
it is able to accommodate the content. It is best to design all text output with course. computer lab versus those who own a laptop or desktop PC and can work at
in “an operational setting.”
scrollbars enabling them to expand based on content without overflowing Traditional courses supplemented with technology: any hour in their rooms, creating something of a digital divide among them.
The instructor teaches all sessions in the classroom but incorporates
Course Development Resources
the screen. System must also allow changing the font size depending on the Time-management skills and self-motivation also influence student
technology in some or all classes (using Power Point, Web-based performance in e-learning classes, which are as time-consuming as E-learning course creation is complex and
language. Because each society may put emphasis on different aspects of a
activities, multimedia simulations, online testing and soon. time-consuming because instructors must
learning goal, it is very difficult to design a learning system that fits all social traditional classes.
Hybrid courses: reevaluate their courses and choose the
A Web of Interconnected Resources:
perspective For instance the mathematic calculation of a division is The instructor combines elements of online distance–learning courses most appropriate technical and pedagogical
and traditional courses to replace some classroom sessions with virtual Given the challenges e-learning courses pose, especially for instructors,
universal but each society may use different symbols to represent a division tools for e-learning applications. To facilitate
sessions. providing adequate support for e-learning activities is a complex proposition. the course development process, institutions
or its products. So whenever possible universally acceptable methods and E-learning courses: Producing and teaching an e-learning course effectively entails a web of recommended easing instructors into e-
symbols should be used. Any image or symbol should be avoided when text For this study, this umbrella term refers to all three course types.
many resources, each facet or strand of which must be sound to ensure that learning by gradual y incorporating
symbols can be used. Centrally administered: the course succeeds as a whole. E-learning support resources are appropriate e-learning tools.
This term refers to departments that offer e-learning resources across the Some institutions partner instructors and instructional technologists in
SELECTION OF TECHNOLOGY : entire institution, including central IT departments, instructional discussed below:
technology departments, and central faculty resource. centers. Infrastructure Resources: formal e-learning course development programs that can last from 6 to
The development tools used to create these must be Unicode compliant and
An institution's CMS can make or break e-learning adoption. An easy- 18 months. Institutions also need to support a wide variety of instructional
must support reading of external structured Unicode files as we will separate techniques to suit instructor preferences and content requirements.
to-use CMS lets instructors adopt e- learning gradual y by initial y posting
content from presentation. To represent the content we have chosen XML E-Learning Adoption Characteristics:
course materials online or adding a threaded discussion, for example. Support and Help Resources:
and for creating the presentation we chose Macro media Flash. Flash has Institutions interviewed for this research cited various institutional, user, and The scope, complexity, and access of support grow as e-learning gains
built in Unicode support and also has rich XML support. METHODOLOGY: popularity, easily straining an institution's resources.
market drivers as spurring the adoption e-learning including faculty interest,
The technology intelligence and industry analysis, conducted a three- Many of the institutions interviewed use the same staff to support al forms of
STRUCTURE OF LEARNING MATERIALS: student convenience, al aviation of overcrowded classrooms, or course
phase research study. e-learning. Some institutions do segregate most resources to address either
As previously stated, the structure of the system is divided into two sections: management systems' (CMS) ease of use. instructor or student needs. Online training or help desk services, however,
“Content” and “Presentation” . The following 1. An online survey was conducted in October 2002 among 274 senior
Several of these factor scan be at work in any always service both instructors and students.
information technology officials in EDUCAUSE member colleges and
guidelines were developed for these two sections so given institution, driving adoption of multiple Today, about half of the survey respondents use staff members to handle e-
universities that offer e-learning courses. The survey asked about their
that proper localization is possible: learning support needs along with their other duties not related to e-learning.
e-learning applications. All survey respondents e-learning activities and challenges, current e-learning resources, and
the support infrastructure that provides these resources. In two years, however, some institutions might move to more formalized
4.1 Content (XML) File: have integrated technology into classroom- staffing arrangements.
1. All content text information will be saved in an UTF- 2. Interviews were conducted with multiple sources at 19 higher
based courses, and a high percentage of Survey respondents expressed a preference for staff dedicated to e-
education institutions with illustrative e-learning programs to discuss
8 encoded XML file (Fig. 1). learning support, often as part of a dedicated e-learning support group.
doctoral, master, and associate institutions effective e-learning resource practices and strategies.
One tricky issue for the support staff is the need for 24 x 7 support as
2. Every text element will have size information reported they have also implemented hybrid or 3. Six in-depth case studies, published separately, provide a look at how
instructors and students work on their courses days, nights, and weekends.
associated with it so that text size can be six leading e-learning institutions support e-learning, including lessons
online distance-learning courses, or both.
changed as may be required for different RECOMMENDATIONS
As instructors gain confidence with the e-learning tools, they can evolve their
languages. Online distance-learning courses general y got courses. CMS standardization provides a common platform on which to 1. Make CMS Training a Priority: CMS facilitates e-learning adoption,
3. Different language content can be saved in the same file. an earlier start than hybrid courses, but hybrid courses are now offered distribute knowledge and replicate or extend effective standardized letting instructors experiment with e-learning and providing a standard
processes.
4. Path to additional file used as content like images and sound files if by a higher percentage of institutions than online courses (80 percent versus platform for sharing information and processes. Once instructors decide
As more instructors adopt technology in their class-rooms, demand
grows for standard-equipped and reliable technology-enabled classrooms. to try their institution's CMS, the future of e-learning may rest on whether
needed must also be provided here. 71 percent), represent a higher percentage of overall courses offered in
Rising e-learning course enrolment pushes student demand for computer they have a good or bad experience. If instructors are not trained to use
4.2 Presentation (Flash) File: AY 2001–2002 (11 percent versus 5 percent), and enroll more of the access, resulting in overcrowded computer labs. their CMS proficiently, they might be discouraged from adopting e-
1. Presentation will parse XML document and select and display content institutions' students (13 percent versus 7.5 percent). Continual planning is essential for keeping infrastructure up-to-date while learning.
depending on language chosen. achieving high return on investment. For example, institutions must not only 2. Evaluate and Adapt Support Resources to Meet Evolving Needs:
Instructor E-Learning Challenges Once instructors understand the basic CMS features, they quickly want to
provide adequate computer lab facilities but also must equip them for
2. Images used will be in layered PNG format with text and image at different Instructors face new quandaries when implementing e-learning, mostly apply multimedia and other advanced technologies. Institutions must
multimedia applications as students' needs evolve.
layers. the time required to write rather than speak thoughts and to build interactivity Training Resources: therefore constantly adapt their resources and evolve training course
3. All cast names of learning object will be the file name so that it is possible into a course, and ongoing course maintenance (for example, updating Web Most institutions offer a menu of training resources for instructors, such as topics and design to meet changing support requirements. Some
one-on-one consultation, classroom training sessions, and online tools, to institutions offer short focus sessions and online training to augment
to identity and change them through the XML file. links). Time management also becomes essential as instructors risk getting
classroom training. Others adapt staffing, for example, by hiring more
address varying training needs and learning styles. While one-on-one
4. Every text area and frame must be able to expand to accommodate the overwhelmed by students' communications, especial y from the one-to-one instructional designers to meet growing demand.
training offers personalized attention, resource constraints dictate the use of
content. nature of instructor-student interaction in an online distance learning 3. Set Time Investment Expectations, Offer Time Management
at least some classroom training. Classes reach a broader audience and
course. When instructors teach an e-learning class, they must not only Training: Instructors and students frequently underestimated the amount
The structure of the XML was designed so that it is self explanatory and it is range from scheduled sessions on specific topics to more systematic
of time needed to create, adapt, teach, and take an e-learning course.
easy to add new language and change not only text but also any image prepare for the class itself but also must develop contingency plans in case training programs. Classes can help instructors achieve technical
Institutions should set instructors' expectations at the beginning of the
of technical problems. Instructors must consider students' technical proficiency and provide a forum to exchange ideas. Institutions can
present in the learning module to suit localization need. When localization course design process to help them plan accordingly. Time-management
limitations—bandwidth and computer hardware, for example—when personalize the classroom experience by augmenting teacher-led sessions
information is present any image within the <Image Replacements> tag will resources should be a priority. Other resources—a Web page, informal
with staff members who answer specific questions and address issues on
designing online distance-learning courses. Some might be tempted to workshops, or an orientation session to outline time-management
be replaced with the replacement image. The system will look for these each attendee's desktop computer. Licensed online training resources are
add multimedia components or complex Web pages to courses, but strategies and tips—could help instructors and students address this
images using the <Path> tag. <Default Lang> tag selects the default gaining popularity because they provide just-in-time training,
students might not have the network access to use them effectively. problem.
language used. supplementstructured training sessions, offer a wider variety of training
4 5

5. Multiple Tariff Meters:
4. Scale Resources to Meet Growing Support Demands: Rising e- Emerging Technology-Smart Meter Electricity supply companies may charge customers different tariffs at
learning support requests tax current resources, and institutions might not
Prof. Rakesh Kumar different times of the day to better reflect the costs
have the funds to expand them accordingly. Some clear-cut actions are to
of generation and transmission. Since it is not
turn every support request into an opportunity to promote technical self- Technically efficient and commercially viable distribution system is a key generally possible to store electricity during a
sufficiency or incorporate easy-to-use e-learning support tools. Some constituent of the entire power supply chain management. Aggregate period of low demand for use during a period of
share costs among institutions, using regional or system-wide high demand, costs will vary significantly
Santa Banta Jokes
Technical and Commercial losses (AT&C) in India has been of the order of
consortium-style licensing agreements for CMS, especial y when depending on the time of day. Low cost generation
about 38 % which is abnormally high. It was realized that reduction of these
capacity such as coal can take many hours to
upgrading to an enterprise version. Others leverage resources in losses was essential for economic viability to the state utility. The reach peak efficiency from a cold start, meaning a
consortium, system, or open-source agreements, perhaps developing commercial losses are mainly due to low metering efficiency, theft and surplus in times of low demand, whereas high cost Titanic was sinking.
online versions of the core courses that are offered across the university pilferage, poor energy accounting and billing. Application of smart energy but flexible generating capacity (such as gas
An Englishman asked Santa, "How far is
system. Some develop common processes and tools to achieve meter which is accurate, intelligent and have capability to communicate is turbines) must be kept available to respond at a
essential. These meters involve application of modern technology and a moment's notice (spinning reserve) to periods of land"?
economies of scale, for example, a systematized process to develop and
paradigm shift in energy accounting and billing where consumers and peak demand, perhaps being used for a couple of Santa: 2 KMs.
maintain course systems or create the course framework and select its
supply company interests are at stake, accordingly a brief review of various
hours or even minutes per day. Which is very expensive. Englishman jumped into sea.
content central y, giving the instructor the course materials to teach.
type of energy meters is presented. Electronic Meters: Englishman: Now, which direction?
5. Implement Locally and Cultivate Grassroots Support: Institutions An electric meter or energy meter is a device that measures the amount of
Santa: Downwards!
In addition to measuring electricity used, electronic meters can also record
can augment central resources at the departmental level, especial y by electrical energy produced by a power generating company or supplied to other parameters of the load and supply such as maximum demand, power
adding local y based instructional designers to fulfil department-specific consumers, The most common type of meter measures kilowatt hours. factor, etc. They can also include electronic clock mechanisms to compute a
pedagogical needs. Another potentially important resource is value, rather than an amount of electricity consumed, with the pricing How did Santa tried to kill a bird??
When used in electricity distribution and retailing, the electric supply
grassrootssupport. Frequently it is more convenient and contextual y varying by the time of day, day of week, and seasonally. These meters also
companies record the values measured by these meters to generate bills for
relevant for an instructor to solicit help from col agues with advanced electricity. The technology of energy meter has also under gone change with
display the power used on an LCD and can be read automatically. He took it to the top of a building and
technical skill s or e-learning experience. Other resources institutions can the advancement in the field of electronics, computing and communication. Smart Meter: dropped it from there to die.
employ to promote local or grassroots interaction include online faculty
Electro mechanical Meter: A smart meter is an advanced electrical energy meter that identifies
“lounges” or bulletin boards, or department-sponsored instructor study consumption in more detail than a conventional meter; and communicates
groups. As demand for e-learning support rises, a strong grassroots The electro mechanical induction meter operates by counting the Santa: I have swallowed a key.
that information via some Network back to the local electric supply company
revolutions of an aluminum disc which is made to rotate at a speed
support network can help off-load the central support load. To implement
proportional to the power. The number of revolutions is thus for monitoring and billing purposes Doctor: When?
these ideas, central support departments should work with department proportional to the energy usage. It consumes a small Smart Meters involve a different technology mix, such as real-time or near Santa: 3 months back!
heads to havean early user or core of early users in each department amount of power, typically around 2 watts. real-time sensors, power outage notification and power quality monitoring. Doctor: What were you doing till now?
trained in the institution's CMS.
The metallic disc is acted upon by two coils. One coil is Smart meters are also believed to be a less costly alternative to traditional Santa: I was using duplicate key, now I
6. Gain Administrative Support and Create Pro–E-Learning Policies: connected in such a way that it produces a magnetic flux interval or time-of-use meters and are intended to be used on a wide scale have lost it too.
which is proportional to the voltage and the other produces with all customer classes, including residential customers. Interval and time-
Administrative leadership needs to create a cohesive institutional vision
a magnetic flux in proportion to the current. The field of the of-use meters are more of a legacy technology that historically has been
and a set of policies for e-learning that foster adoption and cultural voltage coil is delayed by 90 degrees using a lag coil. This installed to measure commercial and industrial customers. Smart meters Santa falls in love with a nurse... After
change. Instructors may wish to try e-learning, but the required time produces eddy current in the disc and the effect is such that
a torque exerted on the disc is proportion to the product of
may be part of a Smart Grid but do not constitute a smart grid. much thinking, he finally writes a love
investment could dissuade them from doing so, especially if the
administrative climate does not recognize or reward instructors' the instantaneous current and voltage. A permanent Why Smart Meter: letter to her: "I luv u sister."
magnet exerts an opposing torque proportional to the speed of rotation of the
participation in terms of tenure and promotion. Since the inception of electricity deregulation driven pricing throughout the
disc. The equilibrium between these two opposing torques results in the disc
rotating at a speed proportional to power being used. The disc drives a world, government regulators have been looking for a means to match Santa asked Banta: Why does
USE AND BENEFIT :
register mechanism which integrates the disc over time by counting consumption with generation. Traditional electrical meters only measure Manmohan Singh go for a walk in
revolutions, much like the odometer a car, This is the most prevalent meter total consumption and as such, provide no information of when the energy
The goal of this project is not to accommodate a complete localization of
being used till recent time.
evening?
was consumed. Smart Meters provide an
content but rather make is easy to translate content to another language with
economical way of measuring this
Banta: Very simple, because he is PM not
Automatic Meter Reading (AMR): AM.
very little effort. In the XML file, language can be both edited and additional information, allowing price setting agencies
language added. When additional language is available the system will be AMR, is the technology of automatically collecting consumption, diagnostic,
to introduce different prices for consumption
able to provide a language selection menu. The advantages of this simple
and status data from energy metering devices and transferring that data to a
based on the time of day and the season. Pappu while filling up a form: What
central database for billing, troubleshooting, and analyzing. These meters
approach are: Electricity pricing usually peaks at certain
should I write against mother tongue.?
mainly saves utility providers the expense of periodic trips to each physical
1. It will allow content translation with minimum effort location to read a meter. Another advantage is billing can be based on near predictable times of the day and the season. Santa: Very long...!
2. It will allow to add multiple languages to any single learning object real time consumption rather than on estimates based on previous or In particular, if generation is constrained,
3. It will allow teachers and content developers more time to produce new predicted consumption. This timely information coupled with analysis, can prices can rise significantly during these
help both electricity provider and consumers. times as more expensive sources of power Teacher: What should be in a book to
learning objects
4. It will allow a language to display properly by changing font size as AMR technologies include handheld mobile and network technologies are purchased from other jurisdictions or more costly generation is brought make it a bestseller?
different language is presented properly at different size on screen based on telephony platforms (wired and wireless), radio frequency (RF), or online. It is believed that billing customers by how much is consumed and at Pappu: A girl on the cover and no cover
power line transmission what time of day will force consumers to adjust their consumption habits to on the girl.
CONCLUSION : be more responsive to market prices.
E-learning has become a great teaching tool in this current technological SMS from Prof. A.K. Khare The immediate implementation of Smart Meters in India is imperative to stop
society. As more and more contents are developed they will become more What we
? are is God’s gift to us---What we become is power theft. Conventional meters can be manipulated to make them under- A lady calls Santa for repairing door bell.
effective with proper multilingual support. The structure proposed in this our gift to god. register, effectively allowing power use without paying for it. Power Santa doesn't turns up for 4 days.
companies often install remote-reporting meters specifically to enable Lady calls again, Santa replies: I come
paper can be an effective guideline when developing these new contents. A pessimist will offer you a problem for every solution.
?
remote detection of tampering, and specifically to discover energy theft. The
Mostly we cannot run the e-services mentioned above efficiently or ?life I have never learned anything from a person
In my
change to smart meters is an answer to stop energy theft, low metering
daily for 4 days, I press the bell but no
smoothly, because of bandwidth shortage, delay and very high cost. who always agreed with me.
efficiency, poor energy accounting and billing. one comes out.
6 7

6. (9) Vehicles should not be used for such work which be done by cycle or on
foot.
(10) Train journey should be preferred over aircraft journey.
Good Customer service:
(11) When leaving room, all fans, lights and appliances should be switched
off. Mobile charger should be unplugged as soon as it has done charging.
T.V. and Music systems should be switched off from Main switch even
Bread and Butter of your business
though they have a stand by function. Some countries have made it
mandatory for all new appliances to do away with the standby button.
GLOBAL WARMING (12) Bottled water should be avoided. It has a big carbon footprint.
(13) Solar water heaters and cookers should be used.
Good customer service is the life blood of any business. You can
offer promotions and slash prices to bring in as many new
customers as you want, but unless you can get some of those
customers to come back, your business won't be profitable for
(14) Imported fruits and vegetables should be avoided. Their transportation long. Good customer service is all about bringing customers
leaves a carbon trail. back. And about sending them away happy – happy enough to
INTRODUCTION: pass positive feedback about your business along to others, who
When sunrays fall on the earth, it is absorbed by the earth's surface except IMPORTANT INTERNATIONAL MEASURES TO CURB GLOBAL may then try the product or service you offer for themselves and
for a small portion which is reflected back into space. This heat is readily lost in their turn become repeat customers.
WARMING :
and it is emitted from the surface as infra-red (I.R.) radiation. Some of it is P. V. Kumar,
trapped by a number of gases-heat is allowed in but cannot go out-hence we (1) One way will be to replace completely the existing technology with a
have the Greenhouse Effect. This is the natural phenomon, otherwise the Professor and Head, cleaner one. But undertaking such conversions on a large scale demand a 1) Always answer your phone, make sure that someone is
earth would be at least 30° C cooler, and life would not exist. lot of capital investment. The world community came up with a novel-market picking up the phone when someone calls your business.
Department of Mechanical Engineering
based plan, called the Clean Development Plan Under this plan, an industry
The major greenhouse gases are water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane, in the developed world, which has a target to reduce emissions from its
(5) High above the oceans, most of Earth's glaciers are melting at 2) Don't make promises unless you WILL keep them, reliability is
nitrous oxide, ozone, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and their replacements.
accelerating rates. A 20 cm rise by 2030 and 50 cm rise by 2050 in the sea production process, would fund the conversion of an industry in the one of the keys to any good relationship.
level is expected to result from glacial melting and from the thermal developing world (at a cheaper rate) and
Recent human activities are enhancing the natural greenhouse effect. The
expansion of the oceans as water temperature rise. This may inundate some take credit for the Carbon dioxide saved,
concentration of certain greenhouse gases in the atmosphere are 3) Listen to your customers, let them release their anger and
coastal regions, and increase the risk of serious flooding in many more. Most
increasing, therefore more of the infra-red radiation emitted by the earth's The developing world would get cleaner tension. Let your guest talk and show him that you are listening
affected cities will be Mumbai, Rio de Janeiro and Shanghai. Last year flood
surface is being trapped. The earth is losing less heat day by day and as a technologies, the rich countries would meet
in Mumbai was a warning. by making the appropriate responses
result. We are beginning to experience Global Warming. their targets and the world would be a cooler
(6) Crop failure and famine will ensure throughout marginally productive place.
REASONS: regions of the world. Forestry will be affected. 4) Deal with complaints. Complaint is an opportunity to improve
(2) The measure of improvement would be
(1) Amount of carbon dioxide is increasing due to burning fossil fuels in your grey areas.
the tonnes of Carbon dioxide not released.
power plants. Increasing number of automobiles also adds to
this amount, Cutting of trees in the process of urbanization (7) Global rainfall patterns will change and the water And for each tonne of Carbon dioxide that
has added to this because trees absorb carbon dioxide. management strategies of different regions will need to any developing world industry saves, the 5) Be helpful - even if there's no immediate profit in it. There is no
Oceans and soil also absorb carbon dioxide, but as adapt to these changes. This will have serious global harm in helping people who are not your immediate customers
security implications and conflicts over water resources U.N. body on climate change gives a
mentioned above, amount of carbon dioxide is increasing at a but instead by helping and by being courteous to them too, you
could well follow. Droughts and floods will become more certificate called Certified Emissions
much faster rate. can make them your future customers.
common, while rising temperatures will increase domestic Reductions (C.E.R.). The company can then
(2) Any increase in global temperatures will increase amount water demand. sale this certificate to any entity from the developed world which has targets
of water vapor, because as air gets warmer it can hold more 6) Train your staff to be ALWAYS helpful, courteous, and
to meet at a mutually agreeable price. The developed world entity gets to
water vapor. (8) Over the long term, there is likely to be an increase in knowledgeable. Talk to them about good customer service. Most
the spread of certain diseases like malaria. Urban air offset its targets against the certificate.
importantly, give every member of your staff enough information
(3) About a third of the atmospheric methane is from natural pollution is likely to get worse and will result in ill health. (3) The developed countries have historically been the biggest polluters so and power to make those small customer-pleasing decisions, so
sources such as bogs and swamps. The remainder exists as Heat induced deaths are likely to increase, especially he never has to say, “I don't know.
far. As per Kyoto Protocol on climate change, developed countries (except
a result of human activities such as waste disposal, fossil fuel mining, among the elderly. Many human lives will be lost due to storms and floods.
U.S. and Australia) have accepted to take on hard commitments to bring
sewage treatment etc. down levels of greenhouse gases like Carbon dioxide. By 2012, they
MEASURES TO CURB GLOBAL WARMING: 7) Take the extra step. When you can show concern about what
(4) Concentration of Nitrous oxide is now rising, mainly as a result of (1) Carbon dioxide emissions can be cut by reducing the use of fossil fuels, committed to lowering down emissions to what once existed in 2000, which matters to your customer, that's Business to Customer Loyalty,
fertilizer use. by utilizing renewable resources such as wind, solar and hydropower. meant developed country signatory and within those countries each and you can bet on it, you've just acquired a customer for life.
Personal vehicles can be decreased by improving public transport systems. industry, which emits greenhouses gases, got fixed targets for emission
(5) Ground level ozone concentrations are increasing as a result of some Diesel vehicles can be replaced by CNG vehicles. Use of generators should
reductions. Recently American President has announced feeble roll-back of 8) Throw in something extra. Whether it's a coupon for a future
industrial processes and spiraling transport use. Higher up in the be banned after improving the power situation.
his bailout on the Kyoto Protocol with a tentative new initiative to cut discount, additional information on how to use the product, or a
atmosphere, the ozone layer is being depleted, which is not a good thing.
(2) Since Carbon dioxide is consumed by plants and trees, reversing greenhouse gases, a move that involves dragging India and China along. genuine smile, people love to get more than they thought they
(6) Chlorofluorocarbons(CFCs) and their replacements are synthetic, their deforestation and implementing reforestation programs will reduce its level were getting. And don't think that a gesture has to be large to be
in the atmosphere.
CONCLUSIONS:
contribution to global warming is entirely due to human activities It is the duty of all on this earth to think about effective. The local art framer that we use attaches a package of
this problem. It can be possible only if picture hangers to every picture he frames. A small thing, but so
(3) Stricter emission norms should be imposed for the thermal power sector.
EFFECTS: everybody feels concerned about it. This topic appreciated.
(1) While the earth had been heating at the rate of 1 degree Celsius per (4) In India, Mumbai being most vulnerable to rise in sea level, the railway should be discussed in office, amongst friends
century until 1975, it has been warming at the rate of 4 degrees Celsius per system should be elevated and the drainage system should be upgraded in and family members. Workshops should be If you apply these eight simple rules consistently, your
century in the last 25 years. order to reduce the threat from the sea level rise. arranged by different Institutions, Industries, business will become known for its good customer service.
Govt. bodies etc on this hot and alarming The irony of good customer service is that over time it will
(2) In the last 25 years, the surface waters in the eastern Pacific warmed by (5) All should curtail electricity consumption. By using CFLs in place of bulbs topic. Even the children should also be bring in more new customers than promotions and price
3°C. and tube lights, Carbon dioxide emission can be reduced.
educated about this. We have to think for their slashing ever did.
(6) Electrical goods consuming less electricity should be purchased. future.
(3) Warming that is causing the break up of Antarctic ice shelves has been
detected in the deep oceans. Refrigerator should always be kept away from kitchen. It should be kept at a
cooler place in the house.
(4) Ice plays a critical role in shaping our planet's environment. Ice in the
(7) Washing machines should be run when it is full to its capacity.
SMS from Prof. A.K. Khare
form of sea ice, glaciers, ice caps and snow, reflects some of the sun's heat,
cooling the planet. In contrast, the dark surfaces of the open sea and snow- Growing
? Old is mandatory---but growing Up is optional. Yash Raghav, Lecturer,
free ground absorb heat. As ice disappears, the earth retains more of the (8) Wastes should not be disposed here and there. It should be used for ? work
Let us for making things to happen---and not wait
sun's heat. And as the earth warms up, more ice melts. Through this composting. IEC-IHM, Greater Noida
for thing to happen.
feedback process, declining ice strengthens global warming.
8 9

7. Generating Entrepreneurial Spirit Among Management
Graduates for Self Employment
OUR DEPARTMENT
Introduction:
By: Dr. Nisar Ahmad (Prof & Head, Deptt. of Management)
full of such persons. It will be useful here to give an example of Mr. Sunil Mittal,
B.Tech. (Mechanical Engineering)
With the rapid growth and development of Indian industry-manufacturing and services, chairman and managing director of Bharti Group-India's largest GSM-based mobile
during the last 2-3 decades, the demand for professionally trained management phone service provider. The Department’s motto is to upgrade skills and knowledge of our young engineers to enable them
graduates has also grown to provide professional management to large and medium to survive best in the present competitive world. State-of-art laboratories of the department
enterprises for enhancing industrial productivity. To meet the demand, the university A CASE OF SUCCESSFUL ENTREPRENEUR: Mr.Sunil Mittal, a graduate of Punjab
provide ample opportunities to the students to complete meaningful projects apart from practice
education in state sector was found to be inadequate and the Govt. adopted a liberal University started a small bicycle business in Ludhiana in partnership with his friend in
policy and allowed the entry of B-School in the private sector for providing 1970. Realizing that he will not be able to meet his ambition, he moved to Bombay and sessions of laboratory courses. Professional softwares in the CAD lab facilities this further. The
management education. At present, a good number of management schools in 1982 started there the business of selling portable generators imported from Japan. department society, “ Aaruh” has been active in organizing technical and cultural progammes,
throughout the length and breadth of the country are operating to turnout management When the import of generators was banned, he incorporated Bharti Telecom Ltd. in quizzes, group discussions etc. personality development programmes offered by the
graduates (MBA & PGDM) without much regard to the quality of their product. During technical collaboration with Siemens AG of Germany for manufacture of electronic professionals are arranged for the benefit of the students. The department stands accredited by
the last 2 years, the demand for management graduates has somewhat declined due push button phones. Mr. Mittal was always in search of newer business opportunities. In the National Board of Accredition.
to recessionary conditions at home and abroad and they have not been able to meet 1992, he secured the license and formed Bharti Cellular Ltd to offer cellular services
their expectations for desired salary. Only those management graduates who come under the brand name Air Tel . Bharti became the first telecom company to cross 2
Our achievements are due ti team work, invite aspiring students and teachers to join us and
P. V. Kumar
out of IIMs and other reputed institutions get remunerative assignment and others are million mobile phone subscriber mark. Today, Mr. Sunil Mittal has the distinction of
forced to accept salary as low as Rs. 1 lakh annually. Will it not be a good idea if such running the enterprise successfully with market capitalization of approximately $ 2 cooperate to meet our cherished goals. HOD Mechanical Engg.
management graduates try their luck by setting up any business unit at their own and billion and employing more than 5,000 people. For his services, he has received many
became self employed and earn more than want they can expect from out side awards including IT Man of the year Award-2002 from Dataquest and CEO of the year -
employment. In this brief paper, the author has tried to trace the issues concerning the 2002 award by World HRD Congress. Mr. Mittal possessed all the quality of a
Mechanical Engineering continues to be a core Engineering Mechanics lab: The purpose of the extended surface, Boiling Heat Transfer, Heat
entrepreneurship development with a view to motivate at least those management successful business entrepreneur. Such an entrepreneurship is rare. India needs an branch of engineering for decades. During these Laboratory is to study the mechanical behavior of Transfer by Forced Convection etc. are some major
graduates who have not been able to show excellence and grasp the management entrepreneurial class of people who can bring laurel to the nation. For this purpose we decades, Mechanical engineering has the structure and machines using theoretical, fields where students perform their experiments.
subject fully and as such have lost hope for an honorable salary. will have to generate entrepreneurship among our young management graduates. strengthened itself with latest technologies and numerical and experimental methods and to provide
innovations. It has always been an ‘ Evergreen teaching on this subject. Mechanical behavior is Refrigeration & Air Conditioning lab:
Concept of Entrepreneurship: GENERATION OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP: Generation of entrepreneurship is very Branch’ which offers numerous job opportunities to understood here to imply the statics, dynamics and
Modern production is not possible without participation and cooperation of agents of difficult and delicate task for the following reasons: Refrigeration and Air Conditioning lab provide
production known as contributories of production. Traditionally, the economists have 1. Management graduates join the management institute with a pre-determined mind
students in all the industrial segments. Because of stability of both rigid and deformable objects.
Globalization and relaxation in Foreign Direct facility for undergraduate teaching in the field of
considered five factors of production such as land, labour, capital, organization and that they will go in for employment in any corporate in public or private sector. It is very
Investment (FDI) policies, India is becoming Material Science & Testing lab: It comprises of Refrigeration and Air conditioning system. The lab
enterprise. Land is used in the sense of natural resources like coal, petroleum, metal & difficult to change their attitude and motivate them to become entrepreneur.
water resource, natural environment etc. Labour means human resource of various 2. The young graduates are apprehensive for fear of loss and erosion of capital Industrial hub with the result that Indian youth has lot modern equipments such as metallurgical chessists of several Refrigeration and Air
types-skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled labour. Capital means investible funds-owned investment. of scope to be absorbed in technical jobs. microscopes, muffle furnace, hydraulic press etc. conditioning system like vapor compression, vapor
or borrowed; organization represents the body of managers who are assigned the job 3. They do not have adequate finances for investment purpose. Mechanical engineering jobs are considered to be absorption type refrigeration system, capillary
of managing the affairs of the business unit for contractual compensation and 4. Lack of information and knowledge about profitable business propositions hinder the
most stable jobs in corporate world. Measurement & Metrology lab: The College tubes, quick ice maker, deep freezer, window type
enterprise means the entrepreneur who bear the risk of the business. According to the growth of entrepreneurship.
above classification, an entrepreneur is a person or body of individuals who performs 5. Lack of state support and assistance in financing and marketing also prevent the Our programme prepares students to become top- has developed a well equipped Measurements & air cooler, several air conditioning system, cooling
variety of functions for which they get the surplus profit arising out of business activities growth of entrepreneurship. notch Mechanical engineers with thorough Metrology lab with requires equipments for carrying tower etc.
after paying the contractual remuneration of all other factors of production. profit is the 6. Discouragement due to abnormal delays in acquiring industrial plot/shades in knowledge both in theory as well as practical skills. out the measurements. Equipments out the
residual income which goes to entrepreneur for their services as entrepreneur. An industrial estate, industrial licenses and other clearances from the slow-going The programme in initially broad based and measurements. Equipments like slip gauge, sine
entrepreneur is also defined as a risk-taking and uncertainty-bearing factor of bureaucracy. Computer Aided Design & Manufacturing
specializes in the later years. The programme bar. threaded micrometer, radius gauge, feeler
production. Of course, entrepreneur also pocket the windfall gains, if any. An lab: T h e C o m p u t e r A i d e d D e s i g n a n d
enables students just coming out of school to gauge, bore gauge with dial indicator, vernier height
entrepreneur has to perform such functions which cannot be performed by any other THE SOLUTION: Under the prevailing circumstances the solution to the problem of Manufacturing laboratory in the Departments of
contributory of production. Basic function performed by an entrepreneur may be listed generating entrepreneurship on a bigger scale seems to be somewhat difficult. acquire very good technical knowledge and hence gauge, bevel protractor etc. are also available.
guide them to the ‘Road of Success’. Mechanical Engineering, encompasses research in
below: However, the entrepreneurial spirit can be generated among the management
FUNCTIONS graduates by following the measures as suggested below:- The Mechanical engineering department at IEC- Mechanics of Machines lab: The lab has geometric and solid modeling, CAD/CAM,
1. Creation of business ideas and identification of business opportunities. CET in one of the best department in terms of equipments for Kinematics and Dynamics of Computer aided process planning, solid freeform
2. Take steps to translate the identified business opportunity into reality. 1.Persuation: This is the right way to generate entrepreneurship. The young graduates facilities, faculties, students and activities. Currently Machines. It comprises working and nonworking fabrication, computer graphics and visualization,
3. Evaluation of the business proposal to judge the techno-economic viability of the should be made to realize the benefits and gains of becoming an entrepreneur. They virtual prototyping, and virtual reality.
headed by Prof. PV Kumar, the department has models along with all required apparatus.
project. will get motivated only if they are convinced with the idea of entrepreneurship. Teaching
4. Conduct benefit-cost analysis to ascertain the rate of expected return on of a course on Entrepreneurship in any management programme in traditional style been accredited by NBA through AICTE. In its
investment. does not bring any appreciable change in the attitude of students. The course should be journey the Mechanical engineering department Automobile Engg. lab: This lab consists of the .Workshop with Modern Machines : The
5. Provision of invertible funds. designed and implemented with the involvement of the institutes set up by the continues to lead and expand its activities in various test rigs of engines to carry out various experiments Institute has dedicated an area of 8000 sq.ft. for
6. Calculate the degree of risk and determine their risk taking capacity government for developing entrepreneurship in small industry sector. dimensions. Experimental and computational on fuel efficiency, break power test etc.
7. Decide the form of business organization and take steps to set up business unit.
workshop. The Central workshop of the Institute has
facilities of the department are continuously
8. Select necessary staff-technical, managerial and others to meet organizational 2. Training & Development: EDP Programs should be rightly conducted and during the following shops, equipment and
upgraded in tune with the latest technological Applied Thermodynamics lab: This lab consists
needs. the course of these programs profitable business opportunities should be brought to the accessories/tools: (1) Machine Shop. (2) Foundry
9. Understanding the socio - economic, political and legal environment in which the knowledge of the trainees. innovations and industry standards. The of modern and sophisticated equipments. The
Shop (3) Smithy Shop (4) Welding shop (Arc and
unit will operate. department has a huge knowledge bank on experiments related with boilers, throttling
No ordinary person can discharge above functions; only person with extra-ordinary 3. Provision of Industrial Projects: Research-based detailed project reports should thousand of books in its departmental library which Gas Welding) (5) Fitting Shop (6) Pattern making
calorimeter, condenser, turbine etc. are conducted
ability can do so. In order to be successful in his enterprise, the potential entrepreneur be made available to the trainees. helps students t increase their skills and knowledge on test rig. It is nothing but a mini steam power plant shop (7) Carpentry shop.
should possess the following qualities. without any limit. Department is equipment with all with 3 KW electricity generation capacities.
QUALITIES FOR EFFECTIVENESS: Visionary: the entrepreneur should be visionary 4. Govt. assistance and support in the form of financing at cheaper interest rate, land the laboratories with modern equipments. Future Plans: The Department has initiated steps
to perceive future in right perspective and develop business plans accordingly. acquisitions, provisions of industrial shades, scarce raw material, liberal import
2. Innovative/creative: This is a rare quality which he/she should possess to conceive licenses and other necessary facilities are highly important to encourage Department has state-of-the-art CAD/CAM lab, Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Machinery lab: to start Post Graduate Courses which will ultimately
newer products and techniques of production and doing business differently. entrepreneurship. Since the adoption of liberal economic policies, the government has CNC machines ans a very well set workshop with all Fluid Mechanics Lab and Fluid Mechanics provide facilities for Doctoral Degree Program. Our
3. Confident: Should have confidence in his/her business plans based on feasibility withdrawn or considerably reduced most of such facilities and left the weak small the facilities. The department is self contained in extension lab conduct courses and research Fluid immediate plan is to further modernize the CAD and
report. The entrepreneur should also have full confidence in his managerial and other enterprises to face the market forces. Consequently, the sickness in small industry every respect and also has a seminar hall with Dynamics and Fluid Machinery. It provides facilities other Laboratories by adding the latest equipment
staff. sector has increased as the entrepreneurs were not able to face the market competition multimedia teaching aids. for undergraduate teaching, final year project and and software which will facilitate early start of P.G.
4. Adaptability: He/she should be capable of adjusting the business plans according to for variety of reasons. The condition of small scale industry has proved deterrent to the
need of the market. generation of new entrepreneur. Since the small industry and other business for research work leading to postgraduate degrees. programs in speific areas such as CAD/CAM and
5. Artist: He should possess the art of dealing with bureaucracy and others in the organizations of smaller size are labour- intensive and capital-savings, they deserve Laboratories: State-of-art laboratories (lab) are This lab consists of several experimental setup for Energy Engineering.
Government to get the work done speedily. government support not only for their personal growth but also for social benefits such available which can be classified as under: verifying the basis laws of fluid mechanics and some
6. Risk-taking capability: Hardly anybody can take unlimited risk. The entrepreneur as lessening the severity of unemployment, use of local resources, improving economic flow measuring devices. This lab houses
should be willing to take reasonable degree of risk. No enterprise can come into condition in poverty-ridden areas and development of tension-free social order. experimental setup of a pelton wheel and a kaplan
existence without risk-takers. Risk-taking is a rare quality of entrepreneurship.
7. Ambition: Potential entrepreneur should be ambitioentify the important decisions CONCLUDING REMARKS: Government and private sectors taken together are not a
Engineering Mechanics lab: The purpose of the
Laboratory is to study the mechanical behavior of turbine which facilities the study and performance
test of turbines. Experimental setup for several
Achievements:
made to make research an enjoyable experience. position to gainfully absorb the management graduates who are coming out of the structure and machines using theoretical, ?
The department has been accredited by
8. Hard-work: Working hard is required in very activity for good results but it is all the university and colleges every year. Therefore, the need of the hour is to generate numerical and experimental methods and to provide pumps also serve the same.
NBA through AICTE.
more important in case of an entrepreneur who has so much at stake. entrepreneurship for self employment. The obstacles in the way of promoting teaching on this subject. Mechanical behavior is
9. Optimistic: He/she should be optimistic and forward-looking and face boldly the entrepreneurship need to be removed and potential entrepreneurs identified and Heat & Mass Transfer lab: This lab is one of the ? of the workshop.
Expansion
understood here to imply the statics, dynamics and ? Industry- institution interaction.
Excellent
contingencies, if any. persuaded to become entrepreneurs by providing necessary training and monetary strong laboratories in Mechanical Engineering
stability of both rigid and deformable objects.
ENTREPRENEURIAL SPIRIT: This is something concerning with feeling from within and other support as indicated in this paper. Once the potential entrepreneurs are department. Students are able to know about all the ? based project.
Industrial
the desire to set up own business unit and become self-employed. In some person, this convinced with the profitability and sustain ability of the project, they will come forward
spirit already exists which may be considered as natural or God-given quality. Such in large number to take up projects for the benefit of one and all. Material Science & Testing lab: Tit comprises of modes of heat transfer while performing sessional ?
Active departmental socity of student
persons go very high in life even without any formal management education. History is classes. Determination of thermal conductivity by Mech’lloyz.
modern equipments such as metallurgical
microscopes, muffle furnace, hydraulic press etc.
Steady-State method, Radiation Heat Transfer, ? of large no. of Student in public
Selection
10 Thermal Contact-Condustance, Heat Transfer from sector (BHEL, NTPC, ONGC, etc. 11

8. ADVANCES IN DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS CONTRIBUTION OF NANOTECHNOLOGY
Yogeeta Sameer Goyal
Department of Pharmacy
BASED PRODUCTS IN PHARMACY
Yogeeta Sameer Goyal & Bhanu P. S. Sagar
Innovative pharmaceutical treatments require innovative network. Or, put differently, if a medication is analogous to a piece of solid Department of Pharmacyology
methods of administration: chocolate, a reservoir device is like a wrapped Hershey's Kiss, and a matrix Introduction effective e.g. PEG-coated nanoparticles.
device is like a chocolate chip cookie. Nanotechnology is the science of materials and devices whose structures 4. Doxorubicin bound to polysorbate coated nanoparticles crosses blood brain
For most of the industry's existence, pharmaceuticals have primarily consisted of and components exhibit novel and significantly altered physical, chemical and barrier (BBB) and is used in treatment of human glioblastoma.
simple, fast-acting chemical compounds that are dispensed orally (as solid pills Early research into biodegradable systems focused on naturally occurring biological properties, phenomenon and processes due to their nanoscale size. 5. Biocompatible polymeric micelles with polysorbate 80 for use in brain
and liquids) or as injectable. During the past three decades, however, polymers (collagen, cellulose, etc.) but has recently moved into the area of
formulations that control the rate and period of drug delivery (i.e., time-release The most important applications of nanotechnology targeting.
chemical synthesis. Examples of such polymers include polyanhydrides,
medications) and target specific areas of the body for treatment have become in healthcare are diagnosis, drug delivery and 6. Nanoemulsions are used in drug delivery and in food industries for
polyesters, polyacrylic acids, poly (methyl methacrylates), and polyurethanes. As
increasingly common and complex. Because of researchers' ever-evolving the development of neutraceuticals.
a result of extensive experimentation with these materials, several key factors development of nano-medicines including
understanding of the human body and the explosion of new and potential
have emerged to help scientists design more highly degradable polymers. nanosurgical procedures. In the recent past, 7. Sunscreens are developed containing titanium dioxide and zinc
treatments resulting from discoveries of bioactive molecules and gene therapies,
pharmaceutical research hangs on the precipice of yet another great Specifically, a fast-degrading matrix consists of a hydrophilic, amorphous, low- pharmaceutical technology has initiated to take the oxide nanoparticles.
advancement. However, this next leap poses questions and challenges to not molecular-weight polymer that contains heteroatoms (i.e., atoms other than
advantage of the advent of nanotechnology. Still
only the development of new treatments but also the mechanisms with which to carbon) in its backbone and is grown either stepwise or through condensation References:
administer them. reactions. Therefore, varying each of these factors allows researchers to adjust more research and teaching of this discipline in
1. Melgardt M. de Villiers, Pornanong Aramwit, Glen S.
the rate of matrix degradation and, subsequently, control pharmacy is highly needed. The present article Kwonet al. Journal of nanotechnology 2008:655-662.
describes the importance and potential of 2. Prabodh Chander Sharma, Rakesh Pahwa, Sonia Yadav and DN
Other promising investigations into the use of polymer
nanotechnology in pharmacy and to make aware Mishra. Importance of incorporation of nanotech based topics in
matrixes as drug transport devices have also been studied.
pharmacy professionals and academicians pharmacy. Pharmabiz.com. July 2009.
For example, one method uses conducting, electroactive
regarding its prospects in curriculum.1 3. Nicollas peppas, J Brook Thomas. Nanotechnology in
polymers as a medium-sensing, bioactive molecule-
Therapeutics: Current Technology and Applications. Journal of
releasing system. Drug delivery with these conducting
Tools of nanotechnology: Nanomedicine 2009.
polymer membranes is achieved through the controlled
Various nanotechnology-based tools having applications in diagnosis,
ionic transport of counterions (dopants) in and out of the
detection and treatment are as follows:
membranes. Specifically, redox reactions regulate the
necessary electrochemical switching, thus allowing
1. Dendrimer is a molecule having potential to link treatment with detection and Microsoft designed Windows 7 to simplify the
diagnostics. In case of drug delivery, it has the capability to hold therapeutic things you do every day, work the way you want,
electrostatically entrapped, anionic dopants (such as the
substances such as DNA in their cavity. Most important applications of
The current methods of drug delivery exhibit specific problems that scientists biological molecule ATP, which has been investigated for and make some exciting new things possible.
various cardiovascular therapies) to be either retained or released. In fact, initial dendrimers are solubilization, gene therapy, dendrimer-based drug delivery,
are attempting to address. For example, many drugs' potencies and therapeutic
studies involving a polypyrrole-based polymer membrane have proved quite immunoassay and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. Want examples? Here are 10 good reasons to buy
effects are limited or otherwise reduced because of the partial degradation that
occurs before they reach a desired target in the body. Once ingested, time- promising, with results indicating that the drug delivery rate, chemical sensing, 2. Quantum Dots (QDs) are tiny-light emitting particles on the nanometer scale. Windows 7.
and electrochemical triggering can all be synthetically and precisely controlled. These are developed as a new class of fluorescence probes for molecular
release medications deliver treatment continuously, rather than providing relief of 1. Get quicker access to all of your stuff—use Pin and Jump Lists
imaging and medical diagnostics. QDs have large impact on some important
symptoms and protection from adverse events solely when necessary. Further, Finally, recent research has shown that hydrogel-type materials developments in different medical areas, in vitro and in vivo detection and
injectable medications could be made less expensively and administered more can be used to shepherd various medications through the stomach and into to keep the programs and files you use the most right at your
analysis of biomolecules, immunoassays, DNA hybridization, development of
easily if they could simply be dosed orally. However, this improvement cannot the more alkaline intestine. Hydrogels are cross-linked, hydrophilic, three-
non-viral vectors for gene therapy. fingertips.
happen until methods are developed to safely shepherd drugs through specific dimensional polymer networks that are highly permeable to various drug
3. Cantilevers help in detection of cancer. In case of cancerous cells, they bind
areas of the body, such as the stomach, where low pH can destroy a medication, compounds, can withstand acidic environments, and can be tailored to 2. Manage open windows easier—resize and arrange windows
to altered DNA proteins which result in altered surface tension and lead to
or through an area where healthy bone and tissue might be adversely affected. “swell”, thereby releasing entrapped molecules through their weblike
bending of cantilevers. By monitoring the bending of cantilever, cancer can be simply by dragging their borders to the edge of your screen.
surfaces. Depending on the gel's chemical composition, different internal
The goal of all sophisticated drug delivery systems, therefore, is to deploy detected easily and treated at early stages.
and external stimuli (e.g., changes in pH, application of a magnetic or 3. Quickly find what you're looking for—use Windows Search to
medications intact to specifically targeted parts of the body through a medium that 4. Nanoshells are developed for the targeted destruction of various cancers.
electric field, variations in temperature, and ultrasound irradiation) may be
can control the therapy's administration by means of either a physiological or They act by absorbing light and successfully kill tumour cells while leaving find a specific file, program, or e-mail in a few seconds.
used to trigger the swelling effect. Once triggered, however, the rate of
chemical trigger. To achieve this goal, researchers are turning to advances in the neighboring cells intact.
entrapped drug release is determined solely by the cross-linking ratio of the 4. Share files and printers among multiple PCs—from one
worlds of micro- and nanotechnology. During the past decade, polymeric micro 5. Nanotubes have a diameter half to that of DNA. Due to this, they help in
polymer network.
spheres, polymer micelles, and hydrogel-type materials have all been shown to detection of DNA changes associated with cancer. They offer some distinct Windows 7-based PC to another, you can share files, music, photos,
be effective in enhancing drug targeting specificity, lowering systemic drug References: advantages over other drug delivery and diagnostic systems due to very
toxicity, improving treatment absorption rates, and providing protection for 1. Collen T.Vogelson, Advances in drug delivery system. Journal of interesting physicochemical properties. and even printers across your home network.
pharmaceuticals against biochemical degradation. In addition, several other Nanotechnology. 2001; 4:49-52. 5. Stay entertained effortlessly—with Windows Media Center you
experimental drug delivery systems show exciting signs of promise, including
2. Robert Langer, Selected advances in drug delivery and tissue
those composed of biodegradable polymers, dendrites (so-called star polymers), get one place to enjoy your photos and music, watch and record live
electro active polymers, and modified C-60 fullerenes (also known as “Bucky engineering. Journal of control release 2002; 62: 7-11.
balls”)
TV, and watch free Internet TV.
3. Annette Rösler , Guido W. M. Vandermeulen and Harm-Anton Klok et al.
The earliest drug delivery systems, first introduced in the 1970s, were based on Advance drug delivery reviews 2001:53:95-108. 6. Easily create and share movies—create great looking movies
polymers formed from lactic acid. Today, polymeric materials still provide the most and slideshows and share them on YouTube in minutes.
important avenues for research, primarily because of their ease of processing Outcomes of nanotechnology in healthcare:
7. Connect to networks easily—view and connect to any available
and the ability of researchers to readily control their chemical and physical SMS from Prof. A.K. Khare Few of the fruitful outcomes of nanotechnology in healthcare are:
properties via molecular synthesis. Basically, two broad categories of polymer
My wife’s
? menu consists of Two things: Take it or Leave 1. Albumin conjugated paclitaxel as a nanoparticle is used for treatment of wireless network in as few as three clicks.
systems, both known as “microspheres” because of their size and shape, have taxane-refractory metastatic breast cancer.
it. 2. Anticancer drugs have been developed in the form of nanoencapsulation, 8. Do more and wait less—improvements that can accelerate
been studied: reservoir devices and matrix devices. The former involves the
The next
? thing that a man must do after winning an enclosing drugs in lipid nanocapsules and encapsulating drug in hydrogel
encapsulation of a pharmaceutical product within a polymer shell, whereas the sleep and resume and make your PC more responsive help you get
argument with his wife is to---Apologize. nanoparticles.
latter describes a system in which a drug is physically entrapped within a polymer 3. Targeted drug delivery with nanoparticles has been observed to be very more done.
12 13

9. portion of the neighboring symbols. Remaining ISI can be removed by cyclically Area Networks use OFDM as their physical layer transmission technique.
4G Mobile Communication based extending the OFDM symbol. The length of the cyclic extension should be at least
as long as the maximum delay spread of the channel. In this way, OFDM reduces
Different WLAN standards have been developed in Europe, USA, and Japan,
such as the European standard ETSI HiperLAN/2 , and the American standard
the effect of multipath propagation encountered with high data rates and avoids
on OFDM Technology the need for complex equalizers. Although OFDM has proved itself as an efficient
modulation technique, it has its own challenges. Sensitivity to frequency offsets,
IEEE 802.11a/g, each has similar physical layer specifications based on OFDM.
The combination of MIMO and OFDM improves the quality of service (QoS) and
data rate of the system by exploiting the multiplexing gain and the diversity gain.
caused when a receiver's oscillator does not run at exactly the same frequency as Evolving wireless standards, such as the mobile Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11n) and
Sanjeev Saini, Senior Lecturer (ECE) the transmitter's oscillator, is one of the major problems. This offset perturbs the WiMax (IEEE 802.16e),employ multiple transmit and receive antennas with
Introduction:
orthogonality of the sub-carriers, degrading the system performance. Another OFDM technique for increased spectral efficiency and improvement of
ORTHOGONAL frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technology is widely Theory:
problem is the large Peak-to-average Power Ratio (PAPR) of the OFDM signal, performance
adopted for wireless communication applications such as wireless local-area In recent years, the rapid growth of wireless communications has resulted in an
which requires power amplifiers with large linear ranges. Hence, power amplifiers
networks, wireless personal-area networks, wireless metropolitan-area networks increasing demand for high data rate communications in many applications, such
require more back-off which in turn reduces the power efficiency. Some other
and digital video broadcasting nowadays. OFDM is potential candidate for fourth as wireless local area networks (WLANs), and worldwide interoperability for
problems include phase distortion, Doppler spread and intercarrier interference.
generation (4G) mobile cellular systems .It provides greater immunity to the microwave access (WiMax). The main challenge of all these applications is to
Most standards employing OFDM do not utilize the available resources
frequencies selective channels .Compared to conventional modulation support high data rate with limited bandwidth and restricted power consumption. effectively. Most of the time, systems are designed for the worst transmission
techniques such as single-carrier BPSK,QPSK or MSK, OFDM transmits
scenarios. The length of the cyclic prefix, for example, is chosen in such a way
symbols having longer duration but a narrower bandwidth. Mostly, OFDM that it is larger than the maximum expected delay spread of the channel, which
modulation systems are designed such that each subcarrier is narrow enough in introduces a considerable amount of overhead to the system. However, if the
bandwidth to experience approximately frequency-flat fading.Current 3G maximum excess delay of the channel is known, the length of the cyclic prefix can
wireless communications have successfully increased the bandwidth available be changed adaptively according to the channel conditions, instead of setting it
for new applications through the use of code division multiple access (CDMA) for for the worst case. The information about the frequency selectivity of the channel
the physical-layer transmission. Unlike older schemes that multiplex data for Figure 1.1: Block diagram of a MIMO system can also be very useful for improving the performance of the wireless radio
individual channels through receivers through transmitter and receiver adaptation.
The block diagram of a wireless communication system with multiple
frequency or time divisions, CDMA antennas at both the transmitter and receiver, known as a multiple-input multiple-
spreads data throughout the telecom
operator's spectrum, using the
output (MIMO) system, is shown in Figure 1.1. It has been proven that the use of
multiple antennas at both ends of a wireless system has the potential of Microsoft Release :
constructive interference properties drastically achieve a high capacity through spatial multiplexing techniques. If the
perfect channel-state information (CSI) is available at the receiver, the average
Three Version of windows 7
of the codes associated with each
capacity grows linearly with the smaller number of transmit and receive antennas.
channel to perform the multiplexing. However, the system with high data rates in mobile communications typically is Windows 7 Ultimate
CDMA has proven effective in the affected by higher delay spread relative to the symbol duration. Moreover, a high
Doppler spread resulted from time-varying channels or mobile environments
Figure 3.3: Block diagram of an OFDM transceiver Designed for people who want it all:
packet-switched voice wireless
world and spread spectrum techniques have allowed a more efficient and flexible make the data transmission less reliable. In conventional single-carrier Windows 7 Ultimate is the most versatile and powerful edition of Windows
communication systems, multipath fading of wireless channels leads to inter-
Benefits of OFDM:
use of bandwidth than previous systems. Regarding 4G standards, both major 3G 7. It combines remarkable ease-of-use with the
symbol interference (ISI), which requires complex equalizers as the data rate entertainment features of Home Premium and the
standards bodies, the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) and 3rd One challenge in today's wireless systems is an effect called 'multipath.' Multipath
increases. Multi-carrier modulation is one of the transmission schemes that is business capabilities of Professional, including the
Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2), have indicated that orthogonal results from reflections between a transmitter and receiver whereby the
less sensitive to time dispersion of the channel. A basic multi-carrier transmitter
reflections arrive at the receiver at different times. The time span separating the ability to run many Windows XP productivity
frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) is their choice for the physical-layer diagram is shown in Figure1.2. In multi-carrier systems, the transmission
reflection is referred to as delay spread. This type of interference tends to be programs in Windows XP Mode. For added security,
transmission technology. bandwidth is divided into several narrow sub channels and data is transmitted
parallel in these sub-channels. Data in each sub-channel is modulated at a problematic when the delay spread is on the order of the transmitted symbol time. you can encrypt your data with Bit Locker and Bit
In OFDM, usable bandwidth is divided into a large number of smaller bandwidths
relatively low rate so that the delay spread of the channel does not cause any Typical delay spreads are
Locker-To-Go. And for extra flexibility, you can work
that are mathematically orthogonal using fast Fourier transforms (FFTs). in any of 35 languages. Get it all with Windows 7
degradation as each of the sub-channels will experience a flat response in the microseconds in length, which
Reconstruction of the band is performed by the inverse fast Fourier transform frequency domain. Although the principles have been known since the early Ultimate.
are close to CDMA symbol
(IFFT). FFTs and IFFTs are well-defined algorithms that can be implemented very 1960s, multi-carrier modulation techniques, especially Orthogonal Frequency
efficiently when sized as powers of 2. Typical FFT sizes for OFDM systems are Division Multiplexing (OFDM), have gained more attention in the last ten years, times. OFDMA symbol times Windows 7 Home Premium
due to the increased powerful techniques of digital signal processing. The basic tend to be on the order of 100 The best entertainment experience on your PC:
512, 1024 and 2048, with the smaller 128 and 256 sizes also possibilities. Among
idea of OFDM is to turn the wideband frequency selective wireless channel into a microseconds, making Window 7 Home Premium makes it easy to create a home network and
the bandwidths that will be supported are 5, 10 and 20 MHz. One beneficial
set of frequency-flat narrowband channels. As a consequence, the complexity of multipath less of a problem. In share all your favorite photos, videos, and music. And
feature of this technique is the ease of adaptation to different bandwidths. The the equalization technique reduces considerably. Hence, the design of the you can watch shows for free when and where you
order to mitigate the effect of
smaller bandwidth unit can remain fixed, even as the total bandwidth utilization is receiver is simplified significantly. Also, multi-carrier systems efficiently exploit the want with Internet TV on Windows Media Center. Get
multipath, a guardband of about the best entertainment experience with Windows 7
changed. For example, a 10-MHz bandwidth allocation may be divided into 1,024 transmission spectrum because they allow a spectral overlap among the
10 microseconds, called the Home Premium.
smaller bands, whereas a 5-MHz allocation would be divided into 512 smaller subcarriers. OFDM, as a multi-carrier modulation technique, overcomes the main
problem arising from high-data-rate communications, known as time dispersion. cyclic prefix, is inserted after
bands. These smaller bands are referred to as subcarriers and are typically on the each symbol. Do you need to use your PC for work, run Windows
In OFDM systems, the subcarrier frequencies are chosen in such a way that there
order of 10 kHz. XP programs, or keep important information safer?
is no influence on other subcarriers in the detection of the information in a Consider Windows 7 Professional
particular subcarrier, when the orthogonality of the subcarriers is maintained. The
Figure 2: WiMAX technologies for LOS and NLOS
data-bearing symbol stream is split into several lower-rate streams and these
environments (Source: WiMAX Forum). Windows 7 Professional
streams are transmitted on different subcarriers. Since this increases the symbol Applications: Everything you need for work and home:
period by the number of overlapping subcarriers, multipath echoes will affect only With Windows 7 Professional, fewer walls stand between you and your
a small OFDMA is based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). This
success. You can run many Windows XP productivity
technology has been around for some time and has been used in ADSL, Wi-Fi
programs in Windows XP Mode and recover data easily
(802.11a/g), DVB-H and other high-speed digital transmission systems. It is not
with automatic backups to your home or business
surprising that the first foray of OFDM into the cellular wireless world was fixed-
network. You can also connect to company networks
access WiMAX 802.16d. This wireless standard has been used to provide high-
effortlessly and more securely with Domain Join. With all
speed internet access either as a replacement for other access technologies like
the exciting entertainment features of Windows Home
ADSL or cable, or to provide service in regions where the other access
Premium, it's a great choice for home and for business.
Figure 1: In OFDM, usable bandwidth is divided into a large number of technologies were not deployed.OFDM is used as the modulation method for
smaller bandwidths, called subcarriers, that are mathematically Need to use multiple languages on your PC or help
Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) Terrestrial Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB-T)
orthogonal. (Source: Wikipedia). Figure 1.2: Block diagram of basic multi-carrier transmitter protect your data with enhanced Bit Locker security?
in Europe, and in Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL). Wireless Local
Mr. Amit Kumar, System Analyst
14 15

10. Fast Food : Allium sativum commonly Scientific and Technological
Effects on Health known as Garlic:
In today's age of convenience, fast food needs no introduction. Everyone
from a 2-year-old toddler to a 60-year-old grandpa seems to be enjoying it
You either love it or hate it but you can never be indifferent to the galling grab
News
of garlic. No one can imagine cooking without these pearly whites. Italian
every chance they get. And why not? It's delicious, it's filling, is really food without garlic? Chinese? French? Punjabi? No Way!
affordable, and readily available just any time of the day. Fossilized primate:
But Brahmin food? Kashmiri Pandit? Jain? do not use Garlic because of Nature the top news this week was that a fossilized primate which got
Well, plenty – fast food is all good tasting, except that it is not nutritionally socialogical and religious beliefs “Indian legends has it that Garlic grew from extraordinary hype last spring, when a TV documentary declared it a direct
balanced and, therefore, unhealthy in the long run if consumed on a regular drops of Blood that fell to the earth when Janardana decapitated Asura, the
ancestor to humans and a “missing link,” probably didn't play a major role in PLOS ONE:
basis. ruler of the Indian pantheon.
the evolution of humans, after all. A new study punched holes in the earlier Finally, on a lighter note: A new study has determined that the testosterone
Garlic is grown globally, but China is by far the work, arguing that the 47-million-year-old primate was nowhere near levels of male John McCain supporters dropped dramatically on Election
Fast food is loaded with calories from refined sugar and fats (especially, the largest producer of garlic, with approximately monkeys, apes, and humans on the primate family tree, but was instead part Night 2008, when Barack Obama soundly beat their candidate. Men who
artery-clogging saturated and hydrogenated fats, which are repeatedly 10.5 billion kilograms (23 billion pounds) supported Obama's candidacy showed no corresponding boost in
reheated to high temperatures for frying purposes). of the lineage that led to lemurs. This corrective study is gratifying to many
annually testosterone levels, and women's hormone levels also stayed steady. The
evolutionary biologists who felt that the “missing link” study hadn't been results were based on saliva samples taken at regular intervals on election
Garlic may be applied to breads to create a
It is also very high in sodium, coming from common salt and other additives. variety of classic cuisines such as garlic bread, properly vetted, and was promoted so heavily in order to raise an audience night, and a surveys also revealed that the McCain supporters felt
On top of all this, fast food is deficient in cellulose and essential micro- garlic toast, bruschetta, etc. for the TV show. Nature also had two interesting neuroscience studies this submissive, controlled, and unhappy. Researchers say the findings are
nutrients like vitamins and minerals week. In the first, the memory problems of sleep-deprived mice were proof that politics can affect men in the same way that physical contests for
To make matters worse, heaps of fast food are normally taken with sugar- Oils are often flavored with garlic cloves. These dominance do.
corrected by reducing the levels of one particular enzyme in the mouse
rich colas – which many fast-food restaurants serve free with food as an infused oils are used to season all categories of
hippocampus, the brain region involved in memory and learning. The study
incentive. vegetables, meats, breads and pasta. What Comes After Hard Drives?
appears to point the way toward drugs for sleep-deprived humans, The
In some cuisine, the young bulbs are pickled for 3–6 weeks in a mixture of second brain-related study identified, for the first time, a small group of (PhysOrg.com) -- The ability to store and retrieve data is an important
To make a long story short, all sugar, salt, and spices. In eastern Europe, the shoots are pickled and eaten
neurons that process painfully loud sounds. Until now, researchers had component of today's computers, as well as other modern electronic devices
this results in piling up of as an appetizer. such as cell phones, video game consoles, and camcorders. Since their
unused empty calories in the been mystified as to the function of these neurons, which make up about 5
Garlic is claimed to help prevent heart disease, high cholesterol and high invention in the 1950s, magnetic-based hard disk drives (HDDs) have been
body, which get stored as percent of the neurons in the inner ear. the primary method of nonvolatile storage. However, researchers are
body fat – till one day you look blood pressure and cancer. Animal studies, and some early investigational
currently developing several new and promising nonvolatile memory (NVM)
in the mirror and realize that studies in humans, have suggested possible cardiovascular benefits of Journal of the American Medical Association: technologies, but for one of them to replace HDDs within the next decade, it
your great figure has been garlic. will be a challenge.
replaced by this creature in An article in JAMA kicked up a bit of fuss by questioning the effectiveness of
Apparently, ancient Indians valued the medicinal properties of garlic and
the mirror. widespread screening for prostate and breast cancer. The authors note that
acknowledged it to be an amorous aphrodisiac—a kind of veggie Viagra, if
you will. That belief, incidentally, is shared in many other parts of the world. prostate cancer screenings can turn up very slow-growing cancers that don't
And being physically inactive pose a real threat, and say that treating such cancers can actually cause
According to Palestinian tradition for example, the bridegroom is made to
only adds to the problem of more harm to patients than leaving them be. They note a similar trend with
obesity. Not many people who
wear a garland of garlics; the idea being to ensure a successful and How to learn
memorable wedding night! the mammographies that screen for breast cancer. While the authors don't
love fast food are ready to
acknowledge that obesity is go so far as to recommend the cessation of screening programs, they do ask a foreign language online
not simply an eyesore – it is a for a better discussion of benefits versus risks.
Some uncommon facts about Garlic:
major risk factor for a large number of deadly diseases like hypertension, By Elizabeth Landau
diabetes, high cholesterol, heart disease, and even many types of cancers. 1. increases sex power Science:
2. Can be used as a cure from arthritis, asthma, toothaches to plague, Amphibian populations are crashing around the world, and experts say that Free online learning:
Recent scientific studies have shown that high-calorie foods rich in fats, cancer and cardiovascular disease. the chytrid skin fungus is one of the major culprits–but until now, no one
refined sugar and salt could reconfigure the hormones in the body in such a understood how the fungus was killing frogs and toads and other creatures.
way that they make you crave for such foods and always leave you as more. 3. The Dracula Connection came from a belief that rubbing Garlic on With the boom in social media, it makes sense that learning a
windows would discourage Vampires. A new study cracked the case by showing that the fungus interferes with
frogs' ability to absorb nutrients through their porous skin. The electrolytes language online would take on a Facebook-like component. The
In other words, fast food is kind of addictive; you get hooked on to it and 4. Ancient Egyptians and middle eastern cultures used garlic as a currency
that frogs usually get from their watery environments play a crucial role in
continue consuming it in an uncontrolled way in spite of knowing that it is and if recorded is accurate, in the 2nd century BC, 15 pounds of garlic could general impression is that these are great ways to exchange
unhealthy. The situation is worse in case of children who from a very young muscle and nerve function; when their levels plummet, the frogs' hearts shut
purchase a healthy slave.
age get hooked on fast food. down. While the new findings don't offer any immediate hope for ways to languages with people all over the world, but you might not
5. Egyptians freely used garlic in their burial chambers—believe to ensure treat fungal infections in the wild, researchers are determined to gather all
prosperity in the after life and also as an ingredient for mummification. always get helpful feedback.
To sum up, consuming fast food on a regular basis leads to many health the information they can about this killer.
hazards. But bringing about changes in eating habits is not easy. 6. In ancient Greece, people who had eaten garlic were forbidden to enter
Temple of Cybele because its smell was considered offensive. New England Journal of Medicine: With Livemocha, you get to learn the language of your choice
To start with, a simple change that one could make is to successively reduce
One of the most confounding stories in medicine over the past weeks has while helping others who want to speak your native tongue.
the frequency of eating fast food and eat more frequently home-cooked
food, with plenty of fresh foods and vegetables. Controversies, Uses, Benefits of garlic are endless and garlic has been the frustrating tale of the HIV vaccine that either showed the first real
promise in preventing HIV infection, or was yet another dud–depending on Once you complete a structured lesson, you submit your own
gone through quite a gadabout. But if you
Slowly your taste will change and your body will respond with new found ask me – garlic is great, go get it! how you look at it. In late September, researchers announced the results of a writing and audio recordings to other users for feedback.
energy. large clinical trial of the vaccine in Thailand, saying that people who received
the vaccine were 31 percent less likely to get HIV. While the vaccine's Reading a sentence aloud and then sending my recording off
protection seemed limited, there was much rejoicing. But within weeks, was pretty intimidating, but I got a response within 10 minutes
other AIDS researchers declared that a different analysis of the trial's results
made it appear that the vaccine's benefits were a fluke. The two sides have from a girl in Russia who gave it five stars and a "Good!!" --
been hashing it out this week at the AIDS Vaccine Conference, drawing fresh although she was surely too kind.
Sumit Pant Tom Thomas evidence from the full trial results that were published in a study in NEJM.
Lecturer,IEC-IHM, Greater Noida Lecturer, IEC-IHM, Greater Noida Don't Miss
16 17

11. Some of the major ANN models include perceptron, multilayer perceptron a set. The intention is to approximate a rough (imprecise) concept in the
(MLP), radial basis function (RBF) network, Kohonen's self-organizing map domain of discourse by a pair of exact concepts, called the lower and upper
Bioinformatics with soft computing (SOM), and adaptive resonance theory (ART). There has been research in the
judicious integration of ANN and FSs, by augmenting each other in order to
approximations. The lower approximation is the set of objects definitely
belonging to the vague concept, whereas the upper approximation is the set of
objects possibly belonging to the same. Gas are adaptive and robust
build more intelligent information systems. The NF computing paradigm often
DNA results in better recognition performance than that obtained by individual
technologies. This incorporates both the generic and application-specific
computational search procedures, modeled on the mechanics of natural
genetic systems. They operate on string representation of possible solutions in
terms of individuals or chromosomes containing the features. The components
Badal Bhushan , Department of MCA merits of ANNs and fuzzy logic into hybridization. The theory of RSes is a of a GA consist of a population
major mathematical tool for managing uncertainty that arises from granularity The research work is going on the above topic.
in the domain of discourse—that is, from the indiscernibility between objects in
Bioinformatics: Bioinformatics can be defined as the application of Biological Networks: Processes that generate mass, energy,
computer technology to the management of biological information i.e. a study information transfer, and cell-fate specification, in a cell or microorganism, are
of the inherent genetic information, underlying molecular structure, resulting seamlessly integrated through a complex network of cellular constituents and
biochemical functions, reactions. Such a metabolic network consists of nodes, i.e., substrates (genes
and exhibited phenotypic properties. One need to analyze and interpret the or proteins), that are interconnected through links, i.e., metabolic reactions in
vast amount of data that are available, involving the decoding of around 24 000
- 30 000 human genes. Biological data mining is an emerging fild of research
and development, posing challenges and providing possibilities in this
which enzymes provide the catalytic scaffolds. The degree of interconnectivity
of the network may be characterized by its diameter, which is the shortest
biochemical pathway averaged over all pairs of substrates. The topology of a
Ferromagnetism in graphite!!!
direction. So that there are following topics are arise on Bioinformatics: Post-
network reflects a long evolutionary process molded for a robust response
Genome Applications, Bioinformatics and medicine, Bioinformatics and
toward internal defects and environmental fluctuations. Despite significant
biodiversity, Bioengineering, Gene Expression, Gene Network, Sequence
variation of individual constituents and pathways, metabolic networks have the
Analysis, Structure Network, and molecular Evolution.
same topological scaling properties and exhibit striking similarities to the
inherent organization of complex, robust nonbiological systems [10]. The Ferromagnetism usually arises from transition metals rich
Proteins constitute an important ingredient of living beings and are made up of
Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database provides a
a sequence of amino acids. The determination of an optimal three-dimensional in 3d and 4f electrons. The occurrence of ferromagnetism
(3-D) conformation constitutes protein folding. It is a highly complex process, public standardized annotation of genes.2 It is a knowledge base for
providing enormous information on the presence of active sites and possible systematic analysis of gene functions in terms of the networks of genes and in pure carbon, which contains only s and p electrons, is
drug interaction. To establish how a newly formed polypeptide sequence of molecules. The data objects in KEGG are represented as graphs, and various
amino acids finds its way to its correct fold out of the countless alternatives is computational methods are developed to detect graph features that can be thus surprising—even controversial since the magnetic
one of the greatest challenges in modern structural biology. Proteins in related to biological functions. For example, it can: 1) reconstruct biochemical
signal is very weak and the Curie temperature (The
different organisms that are related to one another by evolution from a common pathways from the complete genome sequence; 2) predict gene regulatory
ancestor are called homologs. This relationship can be recognized by multiple networks from gene expression profiles, obtained by microarray experiments; temperature below which a material behaves as a
sequence comparisons. A similar primary structure leads to a similar 3-D Soft Computing: the definition of soft computing is “Computational techniques
struck- within the cell. Gene expression data being typically high dimensional, for management and analysis of biological data and knowledge “ Or “Using ferromagnet) is well above the room temperature. Using
it requires appropriate data-mining strategies like feature selection and computers to solve molecular biology problems”
magnetic force microscopy and a superconducting
clustering for further analysis. Biological networks relate genes, gene
Soft Computing: the definition of soft computing is “Computational
products, or their groups (like protein complexes or protein families) to each quantum interference (SQUID) device to probe the
other in the form of a graph, where nodes and edges correspond to molecules techniques for management and analysis of biological data and knowledge “
and their existing interrelationships, respectively. Metabolic networks depict a Or “Using computers to solve molecular biology problems” surface and bulk magnetization of graphite, Netherlands
set of chemical reactions, mostly catalyzed by enzymes, and are extremely
important for gene expression profiling. This is because the link between the researchers Jiri Èervenka and Kees Flipse (Eindhoven
The principal notion in soft computing is that precision and certainty carry a
gene regulatory control and the primary causative factors of diseases (like
cost, and that computation, reasoning, and decision-making should exploit University of Technology) and Mikhail Katsnelson
altered protein activities or biochemical composition
(wherever possible) the tolerance for imprecision, uncertainty, approximate
(Radboud University) offer evidence that the
DNA: The nucleus of a cell contains chromosomes that are made up of the reasoning, and partial truth for obtaining low-cost solutions. A fuzzy set A in a
double helical DNA molecules. DNA space of points R = {r}is a class of events with a continuum of grades of ferromagnetism arises from a two-dimensional network of
consists of two strands, each being a membership, and it is characterized by a membership function ìA(r) that
string of four nitrogenous bases, viz., associates with each element in R a real number in the interval with the value of
point defects at grain boundaries.
adenine, cytosine, guanine, and ìA(r) at r representing the grade of membership of r in A. FSs provide a natural
thymine. DNA in the human genome is
A magnetic moment can be associated with each defect;
framework for the process in dealing with uncertainty or imprecise data. ANNs
arranged into 24 distinct chromosomes. The breaking of the translational symmetry of the lattice
are signal-processing systems that try to emulate the behavior of biological and the step edge at the surface is a manifestation of the
Each chromosome contains many
genes, the basic physical and
nervous systems by providing amathematical model of combination of by the defects leads to localized electron states at the
functional units of heredity. However, numerous neurons connected in a network. The grain boundary buried underneath it. The Curie
Fermi level. Because of electron–electron interactions,
genes comprise only about 2% of the learning capability and robustness of ANNs,
human genome; the remainder typically in data-rich environments, come in handy those temperature deduced from experiment is, reassuringly,
consists of non-coding regions, whose when discovering regularities from large datasets.
functions may include providing
states become polarized, which, in turn, leads to the
This can be unsupervised as in clustering, or comparable to the theoretical value based on weak
chromosomal structural integrity and regulating where, when, and in what supervised as in classification. The connection formation of local magnetic moments. Grain-boundary
quantity proteins are made. DNA is transcribed to produce messenger (m)- weights and topology of a trained ANN are often
RNA, which is then translated to produce protein. The m-RNA is single defects are more complicated than single vacancies: The interlayer coupling.
analyzed to generate a mine of meaningful
stranded and has a ribose sugar molecule. There exist “Promoter” and
“Termination” sites in a gene, responsible for the initiation and termination of
(comprehensible) information about the learned figure here shows a 2D plane of periodic defects, each an
problem in the form of rules. There exist different
transcription. Translation consists of mapping from triplets (codons) of four extended zigzag discontinuity that propagates through Santosh Kumar Tripathy
bases to the 20 amino acids building block of proteins. Enzymes and hormones ANN-based learning and rule-mining strategies,
are also proteins. with applications to the biological domain. individual graphene sheets of the bulk crystal. Lecturer (Applied Science)
18 19

12. Are we corporate ready?
FACULTY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME CONDUCTED BY WIPRO
OCTOBER 12-16, 2009
FDP STRESSES ON THE FACT THAT “ A TEACHER IS A LEARNER TILL HIS / HER DEATH”.
Paradigm Shift in Teaching/Learning. The need of the hour is to introduce innovative teaching techniques to bring about the
teaching- learning paradigm shift. There is a sufficient supply of fresh talent but they are not immediately employable and Traditional Group Corporate
innovative solutions can help us meet this challenge. Learning Learning Ready
Self planned, In a group where each member In the corporate world every project is
Wipro chairman Azim Premji said: Individual based contributes individually and makes executed in teams. Hence, team paying skills
learning enjoyable. become very Important.
“The programme will enable the faculty to make students understand their subjects better as well as teach them key behavioral Team playing skills get honed. Group learning makes a student corporate
skills that will include behavorial as well as interpersonal skills.'' A learner centric teaching facilitates students learning to higher ready while he/she is in the college.
levels. In this mode of teaching the Faculty takes up the role of a Mentor, Guide, Coach, and a Facilitator for learning. This helps:
Self planned, In a group where each member In the corporate world every project is
Individual based contributes individually and makes executed in teams. Hence, team paying skills
1. Develop oral communication skills among the students. 5. Build self responsibility for learning among students. learning enjoyable. become very Important.
2. Stimulate critical thinking and helps students clarify idea 6. Foster and develop interpersonal relationships Team playing skills get honed. Group learning makes a student corporate
through discussions. 7. Build self esteem in students ready while he/she is in the college.
3. Use a team approach to problem solving while maintaining
8. Simulate real life situations
individual accountability. Long duration Short duration deadline given both Corporate world works on short (daily/weekly)
4. Promote a positive attitude towards the subject matter deadline to individuals and in group. deadline vs. long duration deadline in a
college.
Collaboration in a shorter duration. After learning are better equipped to adapt to
the corporate life.
Promote Student-Faculty interaction and familiarity
Last minute Learning on a regular basis In the corporate world, self development and
preparation through group assignment’s and grooming is a must to ensure sustainbility.
Task Current Teaching Proposed Learning activities. Group learning nad self meneging traits
prepares a student to adapt to the day-to-day
Paradigm Paradigm Helps students manage and groom work disciplines at corporate.
themselves better.
Answer available Answer to be gathered from In a corporate world, exact solution is not
Preparation By Instructor Collectively by Instructors (one time) in text books various sources like Internet, Books, available for the customer’s requirement. We
Individually by Instructor for the class Journals or Peers by research need to evaluate solutions and articulate the
same by being resourceful.
First exposure to content At the same time for all students Individually by students at their own pace
Assignments / home work Assignment and project based with Employees may have to complete their
based, on major loss on not specific deadlines given. assignments by doing Research-
Collectively in the class as teams by meeting the deadlines Seek/Explore. Huge impact on missing
Understanding of the content Individually by the student As group provides a conducive deadline.
students for group
environment for project completion.
Adhering to deadline makes Group learning and deadline-orientation
Testing this understanding By Instructor through exams Assignments and Instructor through exams assignments or projects more takes place while the student is still in college.
challenging.
The traditional notion of intelligence, based on I.Q. testing, is far too limited. Dr. Howard Gardner
proposed eight different intelligences to account for a broader range of human potential in children
and adults. These intelligences are:
1. Linguistic intelligence (” word smart”) 5. Music intelligence (”music smart”)
2. Logical-mathematical intelligence (”number/reasoning smart”) 6. Interpersonal intelligence (”people smart”)
3. Spatial intelligence (”picture smart”) 7. Intrapersonal intelligence (”self smart”)
4. Bodily-Kinesthetic intelligence (”body smart”) 8. Naturalist intelligence (”nature smart”)
20 21

13. Dr. Bloom simply classified
forms and levels of learning “A love story” The Human Genome Project
Once upon a time, there was an island where all the feelings By Archana Verma
lived: happiness, sadness, knowledge, richness, vanity & Assistant Professor ( Information Technology)
all of the others including love. One day it was announced
to the feelings that island would sunk, so all repaired their
boats & left.
The human genome project was started in 1990 by the U.S. Department of 2. Find out in general the causes of diseases and diagnosis can be done at
Energy and the National Institute of Health and was completed in an earlier stage and diseases treated at an earlier stage.
'love' wanted to presevere until the last possible
2003.Around 18 countries have taken HGP initiative. They are, Australia, 3. Drugs can be designed according to the genetic makeup of a person.
moment. When the island was almost sinking. love decided Brazil, Canada, China, Denmark, European Union, France, Germany, Israel, 4. Damaged genes may be removed and new genes may be added via gene
to ask for help. Italy, Japan, Korea, Mexico, Netherlands, Russia, Sweden, United Kingdom, therapy.
and the United States. The goals of the project Included: Equate organs that are to be donated with the genetic makeup of the persons
receiving them in transplantation of organs.
'richness' was passing by love in a grand boat. Love 1. To categorize all the genes(20,000-25,000) in the DNA of humans. In Forensics science it helped to: Detect the individual humans who may be
2. To find out the series of 3 billion base pairs in one DNA strand of humans. associated with the crime by inspecting the DNA sequences. Confirm
said, “richness, can you take me with you?” richness
paternity relationships
answered: “no, I can't. There is a lot of gold & silver in my To make a database of all the information collected. In order to find out Release people who are mistakenly arrested for the crime.
boat. There is no place here for you.” accurate results, The human genome project first understood the hereditary
In Agriculture it helped to: Give people more healthy food, which is also
structure of several non human organisms like escherichia coli, The fruit fly. pesticide free. Crops grown can be insect and drought tolerant. increase the
and the laboratory mouse. Here some of the target that were planned and growth of crops Decrease the loss in crops.
love decided to ask 'vanity' who also passing by in that were achieved,
In Evolution it helped to: Find out the evolution of
a beautiful vessel. “Vanity, please help me!” “I can't help u, humans Compare humans with other organisms and find
Target : DNA Sequence out the genes that are responsible for different diseases
love. You are all wet & might damage by boat.” vanity and disorders. Study the Y chromosome of males and its
answered. Planned : Finish 95% of DNA sequence that contains effect in evolution. Study the X chromosome in females
genes up to 99% accuracy. Achieved: Finished 99% of and its effect in evolution.
DNA sequence that contains genes up to 99% accuracy. In health damage it helped to:
'Sadness' was close by so love asked for help. 1. Find out how some people get more affected by the
Target: Human Sequence Variation Planned: 100,000
“Sadness let me go with u.” sadness replied, same amount of radiations and others get less affected.
mapped human SNPs Achieved: 3.7 million mapped
2. Find out the cancer causing toxins and their relations to
“Oh……….love, I am so sad that I need to be by myself!” human SNPs
different genetic make ups of individuals. Understand
Target: Gene Identification mutations.
How was the Genome sequencing done is described
'Happiness' passed by love too, but she was so happy that Planned: Full length Human cDNAsAchieved:15,000 full below:
she didn't even hear when love called her! length human DNAs
1. Chromosomes, which are about 50 million to 250 million
Target: Model Organisms base pairs, are
cut into smaller pieces.
Suddenly, there was a voice: “come love, I will take Planned: Complete Genome Sequences of E. coli, S. cerevisiae, C.
2. The smaller piece is taken as a template and fragments created that differ
u.” it was an elder. Love felt so blessed & overjoyed that he elegans, and D.Melanogaster in length by a single base pair.
even forgot to ask that elder his name. When they arrived at Achieved: Finished genome sequences of E. coli, S. cerevisiae, C. 3. The fragments are separated by gel electrophoresis.
elegans, D. melanogaster, and also of others like C. briggsae, D. pseudo 4. The final base at the end of each fragment is Identified. This process
dry land, the elder went his own way. obscura,mouse and rat. The scientists accumulated blood (female) or sperm recreates.
(male) samples from a huge variety of donors. They worked only on a small The original sequence of AS, TS, CS, and GS for each small piece generated
fraction of samples and made them the DNA sources. The donors' identities in first step:
Love realizing how much be owned the elder, asked were guarded and even the scientists didn’t come to know about it. The Observations from the project were:
another elder; “knowledge, who helped me?” Otherwise many DNA clones were taken from already stored libraries. The 1. The human genome is made up of 3164.7 Million chemical Nucleotide
human genome project was to be made available to public with the help of bases (A,C,T and G).
the following databases: 2. The largest gene has 2.4 Million base pairs but on an average a gene
NCBI Human Genome Sequencing Progress University of California at consists of about 3000 base pairs.
It was 'time', knowledge replied. “Time?” asked Santa Cruz Ensemble Genome Browser at Sanger Institute and EMBL’s All humans have about 99.99 % similar gnomes. We still do not know the
European Bioinformatics Institute. EMBL-Bank – EMBL’s Nucleotide functions of about 50% of the genes that we have discovered. The proteins
love. “But why did time help me?”
Sequence Database. are made only from 2% of the entire genome. Repeated sequences which
Knowledge smiled with deep The human genome project was helpful in a number of areas do not help in the making of proteins, also called “junk DNA” make up about
like: 50% of the entire genome. This “junk DNA” seems to be responsible for
wisdom & answered, “Because, providing structural support to the chromosomes. The regions of DNA which
1. Medicine
have genes are mainly composed of C and G nucleotides and the regions
only time is capable of 2. Forensic Science which do not have genes are mostly made up of A and T nucleotides.
3. Agriculture Chromosome 1 has the highest number of genes (2968), and the Y
TEACHING IS CERTAINLY NOT understanding how great love is.” chromosome has the least number of genes (231). Other organisms have
4. Evolution of humans
CHILD’S PLAY BUT MADE SO their genes uniformly spaced in comparison to the genes of a human which
Nitin Gupta 5. Health damage are randomly spaced. The human genome has 50% of repeated sequences
INTERESTING THAT THE CHILD
( Lecturer, Mechanical Engg. Dept.) In medicine it helped to: in comparison to the worm or fly which have 7% and 3% respectively. There
PLAYFULLY LEARN ALL are about 1.4 million regions in the human genome which show differences
1. Find out genetic links as to why diseases like neurofibromatosis,
Alzheimer's disease, and familial breast cancer occur. in single base DNA (SNPs).
22 23

14. Guest Lectures ,Paper Presented and Conference
attended by IEC CET Faculty
d. Dr. A.K.Singh of Applied Science attended a International Environment Trade
PAPER PUBLICATION/ PAPER PRESENTATION Conference on Indian Environment Summit 2009 (IES 2009) organized by the
Indian Recycle and Waste Management from 14th to 16th September 2009 at
A. Prof. S.S.Chauhan, Professor in the department of Mechanical Delhi. The theme of the Summit was Sustainable Waste Management :
Engineering – The following two papers were accepted for Challenges and Opportunities. Greetings from Oracle University!
publication :
(I) “Biomechanics of the Knee Joint during Squatting” International FACULTY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES We are pleased to announce Oracle Certification and additionally information on the benefits of being Oracle
Journal of Computational Intelligence and Bioinformatics” Vol.1 Certified. In the current economic scenario, it is a good time to be an Oracle Certified DBA....find out how?
No.2 June 2009. 1. FDP on Cryptography & Network Security was held on 25th September 2009 in
the Institute. 20 Faculty members participated in the FDP including 5 faculty Why Oracle Certification ?
(ii) “Four-bar linkage mechanism above Knee Prosthesis for Walking members from Galgotia College of Engineering & Technology, IIMT and Greater
and Squatting” International Journal of Mechanical Engineering” Noida Institute of Technology, Greater Noida. The programme was organized by
Vol.2 No.1 June 2009. Oracle certification is a reliable validation of training and experience that can accelerate your professional
Mr. Saurabh Chauhan & Mr.Navel Kishore Sharma. development, improve your productivity, and enhance your credibility.
The following two papers are under review : 2. Wipro organized FDP on Teaching Learning Process in IEC College of
(I) “Kinematics and Kinetics measurement of normal human locomotion Engineering & Technology Gr. Noida. This FDP was held from 12th Oct – 16th Oct In a CNN article the author lists Database Administrator (DBA) as one of the Top Ten Promising jobs with solid job
through gait analysis”(IJMST 8)” International Journal of Medical
Science and Technology.
'09. Their were 31 faculties who participated in this program from different growth outlook over the next several years. Additionally, a US-oriented salary survey indicates encouragingly high
colleges i.e. from Sharda University, Skyline Institute of Engineering & salaries for DBAs and Senior DBAs. Most importantly what these articles both indicate is that the DBA job role
(ii) “(JPO 07-78) original research article “Knee Forces consideration Technology, Gr. Noida, & R.D Engineering College, Ghaziabad. 18 faculties from indeed continues to be a critical, high paying role with solid future prospects.
during squatting for Prosthetic Design”, Journal of Prosthetics and IEC-CET have participated actively. Inaugural function took place on 12th Oct
Orthotics, America. with the speech of Prof (Dr) Ishan Ranjan Director IEC – CET Gr. Noida. Certification can be a relatively inexpensive way to enhance your credibility and prospects while adding to your
B. Ms. Rashi Agarwal, Lecturer in MCA – The following papers were skills and knowledge. So why wait ?
published online in the Springer Science + Business Media, LLC, PEER PRESENTATIONS
August 2009. Register Now,
(I) Effect of Stochastic Noise on Superior Julia Sets. 1. Presentation by Mr. Rajesh Kumar Singh, Lecturer in Computer Science on Contact : Director, IEC College of Engineering and Technology
(ii) A new Experimental Approach to study the stability of logistic map. JSP(JAVA SERVER PAGE) for the Computer Science and Information Technology
(iii) Generation of Fractals from complex logistic map. Plot No 4, Knowledge Park -1 Greater Noida
faculty was held on 5th October 2009.
0120-2326665, 2326537
Rajeev Ranjan Prasad : 9958757649
C. Prof. P.B.Mital, HOD –Electronics & Communication Engineering 2. Presentation by Mr. Umanath Vishwakarma, Lecturer in Computer Science on
presented his Research paper on “An Inductorless realization of the “GSM Technology Overview” for the Computer Science and Information
double Scroll Chua's circuit based on Electronic Analogy” in the Technology faculty members was held on 5th October 2009. Exam cities: Delhi, Kolkata, Chandigarh, Jaipur , Ludhiana
National Conference at Vidyalankar Institute of Technology, Wadla,
Mumbai on 5th October 2009. 3. Presentation by Prof. Nisar Ahmad, HOD – MBA on “ Formulation of Research Must Read for all candidates planning to take Oracle Certification Exam
proposal” was held for the faculty members of MBA on 23rd October 2009.
D. Prof. Bhushan Mital's HOD –Electonics & Communication
Engineering Research paper titled “Modelling & Simulation of fractional Candidates are requested to create a PearsonVue Web Account, minimum of 72 hours prior to the identified exam date. Without
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Thapar Univeristy, Patiala.
1. A lecture on `Enhancing Investor's Returns on Investments' by Mr. Please follow the steps given below to do so. Please ignore if the process is already completed successfully.
E. Dr. Anamika Pathak presented a paper on “High rate vector
Quantization in warped Linear Predictions coding” in the National Prabhash Chandra, National Head, Escorts Asset Management Ltd. was
Conference at Vidyalankar Institute of Technology, Wadla, Mumbai on held on 23rd September 2009 for the MBA students. Systems Science to be
Creating a Pearson Vue web account If you are a new Pearson VUE user, and have not logged in to your profile on
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held in Venice, Italy from 28th to 30th October 09.
F. 8 papers were presented by students in the Technical Paper 2. A lecture on `How to be positive and motivated' by Shri Rakesh Mittal,
Presentation on “Technical Issues and Recent Trends” held on 10th
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IAS Commissioner, Social Welfare, U.P.Govt, Lucknow was held on 31st
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Science Department. Faculty members present were, Head – CS, 3. Click on create a new web account: It is important that you enter your profile and contact information on the next screens as you
Head – IT, Head – MCA, Mr, Ashwani Kumar, Mr.,Devendra Kumar 3. A lecture by Mr. Aditya Sharma, HR-Wipro was held for the teachers and
think it exists in your Oracle profile as the system will perform an automated matching process that will match the record you are
Mr.,Amit kumar and Mr.Rajesh Kr., Umanath. students on 21st October 09 on placement techniques. Case studies were
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G. Mr. Rajendra K.Sharma's, (HOD – IT) paper “Multimodal Biometrics 4. Create your profile>Next
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Systems Science to be held in Venice, Italy from 28th to 30th October Development Engineer, Begapt Solution was held for Students and the next screen to create a username
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a. Mr. Ankur Saxena of Electronics & Communication Engg. Department attended 5. A lecture on “Developing Entrepreneurship among Management 9. You will be asked if you want to schedule a test. You can either schedule a test, or log out.
a 3 days training programme on Six Sigma conducted at Indian Statistical Graduates for Self Employment” by Mr. G.C.Motwani, Management 10. On this screen, you will be able to locate your Oracle Testing ID on the upper left of the page.
Institute, Delhi from 2nd to 4th September 09. Consultant on 28th October 2009 in the Institute. The lecture was held for the
b. Prof. S.S.Chauhan and Mr. Vinay Gupta of Mechanical Engineering attended a
Lecture series on “Industry-Academia cooperation in R&D : Some important Management students.
factors for success and Successful approaches for Ph.D research completion”
on 14th September 2009 organized by “Explorer Group” at IIT, Delhi.
Further information is available from
Compiled by Anita Menon
the Oracle University web site,
24 Questions on Oracle Certification can still be emailed to ocpexam_ww@oracle.com.