Cultural studies
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This document discusses British cultural materialism, an approach to cultural studies that began in the 1950s. It examines culture from two perspectives - looking back to the past or toward the future. Key figures discussed include Matthew Arnold, Raymond Williams, and F.R. Leavis, who promoted improving the moral sensibilities of wider readers. Influential thinkers referenced Marxist concepts like classless society and cultural hegemony from thinkers like Gramsci, exploring how domination is not always visible.
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Cultural studies emerged in Britain and is referred to as British cultural materialism. It examines culture from the perspective of relations of power and how culture reinforces and maintains social structures like the state and capitalism. Key influences on British cultural materialism include Marx, Gramsci, Althusser, and theorists focused on how ideology controls society and reproduces existing social relations through cultural objects and texts. British cultural materialism views culture as political and considers how power structures like patriarchy are reinforced through supposedly neutral cultural works and ideas.
British cultural Materialism
This document provides information about British cultural materialism. It discusses how cultural materialism emerged in Britain and has a long tradition there, influenced by Marxist theorists. British cultural materialists were interested in how power operates in society through concepts like hegemony and domination. They analyzed how ideology, including in literary texts, serves to reproduce and maintain existing social and economic relations and the status quo. Feminism was also important for cultural materialism in recognizing patriarchal power structures. Cultural materialism examines culture in its political and social contexts.
Radhu paper 8
this is my presentation. my presentation topic is what is cultural studies ? discuss about important feature of cultural studies?
Culture - AS Communications and Culture
This document discusses the historical development of the concepts of "high culture" and "low culture". In the 19th century, Matthew Arnold separated British cultural production into these two categories, with "high culture" referring to works like Shakespeare that were meant to civilize the masses. This idea was developed further by critics like F.R. Leavis and the Frankfurt School, who saw popular or low culture as something to be discouraged or that numbed people. However, postwar thinkers like Raymond Williams and Richard Hoggart argued that popular culture is part of a society's cultural conversation and should be studied seriously rather than dismissed. This led to the emergence of new academic fields like cultural studies that consider all aspects of culture rather than dividing them
five types of cultural studies
This document outlines 5 types of cultural studies: 1) British cultural materialism which examines working vs elite classes, 2) New Historicism which studies literature in historical context, 3) American multiculturalism which emerged in 1964 to recognize diverse cultures, 4) Postmodernism and popular culture analysis including production, texts, audiences and history, and 5) Post-colonial studies which analyzes impacts of colonialism. The document was submitted by Parmar Krupa Jivabhai for their MA course.
Cultural Studies
Cultural studies has four main goals: [1] It transcends traditional disciplines by scrutinizing cultural phenomena over time; [2] It takes a politically engaged approach to critique power structures and inequality; [3] It denies distinctions between high and low/elite and popular culture; [4] It analyzes both cultural works and their means of production.
Post modern popular cultura
This document discusses post-modernism and popular culture. It defines culture as the intellectual achievements and knowledge of a particular group, including aspects like language, religion, arts, and social habits. Post-modern popular culture is described as emerging after modernism and rejecting some of its tenets, embracing fragmentation and uncertainty. Post-modern art movements also sought to contradict some aspects of modernism, using styles like conceptual art and multimedia works incorporating video. The document analyzes post-modern popular culture through different lenses such as production, textual analysis, and audience analysis.
political regimes and everything about it
Cultural studies emerged in response to rapid social changes in the mid-20th century that traditional academic disciplines struggled to explain. Scholars began questioning the narrow focus of disciplines like sociology and literature in addressing modern cultural phenomena influenced by mass media. There was also a desire for interdisciplinarity to understand culture's relationship to society from multiple perspectives. The social movements of the 1960s further highlighted the importance of culture in political and social change and called for reevaluating cultural norms.
Cultural Studies
The document discusses different types of culture, including British cultural materialism, American multiculturalism, and Asian American writers. British cultural materialism began in the 1950s and examines how culture reproduces social relations. American multiculturalism emerged in the 1960s to recognize distinct immigrant identities and celebrate racial/ethnic heritages. It includes African American, Latinx, American Indian, and Asian American writers.
Names
This document provides an overview of some influential cultural anthropologists and their contributions, including Lewis Henry Morgan who developed the evolutionary approach to culture, Sir Edward Tylor who provided a classic definition of culture, and Bronislaw Malinowski who pioneered participant observation fieldwork. It also mentions Ruth Benedict's work on cultural patterns, Franz Boas' influence developing ideas of cultural relativity, and A.R. Radcliffe-Brown's structural functionalist approach analyzing how aspects of society contribute to its maintenance.
Cultural studies
Culture refers to the habits, customs, and tastes that shape a society. It is how meanings and ideas are generated and expressed. Elite culture traditionally controls public meanings and rejects non-elite views. Cultural studies emerged in the 1960s due to interest in popular culture and subcultures, as well as greater focus on social histories of marginalized groups. It was influenced by scholars examining relations between culture, power, and class.
Popular Culture
The document discusses popular culture and provides definitions and context. It defines popular culture as the cultural activities and practices that are widely enjoyed by the general public, as opposed to high culture which is associated with elite social groups. Popular culture is influenced by mass media and reflects the ideas, images and perspectives of society. It discusses how popular culture is determined by what attracts widespread interest and allows people to feel part of a group. The document also examines types of popular culture analysis including production, textual, audience and historical analysis. It provides the Indian context of popular culture and discusses how cinema has influenced popular culture in India by reflecting local societies and cultures.
A History of Culture (or, A Story About Stories)Lecture 1.docx
A History of Culture (or, A Story About Stories)
Lecture 1
Eastern Washington University
CSBS 310
• Early Uses of Culture
• Early 19th-Century “Culture”
• Culture as civilization
• Culture as high art
• Late 19th-Century “Culture”
• Culture as a non-material realm of thinking and acting
• Marx’s use of “culture”
• 20th-Century “Culture”
• Emile Durkheim & Max Weber
• Culture as autonomous (and cultural researchers as value-neutral)
• Culture as Performance
Eastern Washington University
CSBS 310
Cultura
• Latin: “Tend, care, cultivate”
particularly in regard to agriculture
• “Cult” from Latin “cultus”: “care,
labor, cultivation, worship”
• First used around 1500 as a
metaphor for education: tending,
caring for, cultivating the mind
• Both agriculture and worship are
uniquely human actions, requiring
knowledge and complex
communication
Eastern Washington University
CSBS 310
Early 19th-Century
“Culture”
• Culture was primarily identified with
“civilization”
- A “civilized” politics, religion,
food, social interaction,
architecture, landscape, art
- Refinement (intentionality,
reason)
- Complexity (skilled technique,
required a lot of background
knowledge)
- Human/nature divide
- Non-European societies and
lower-class Europeans were
considered to be without culture
and therefore uncivilized
Eastern Washington University
CSBS 310
Early 19th-Century
“Culture”
• Culture was further identified with a
defining feature of civilization: art
• To be “cultured” meant to
understand and discern high art
Eastern Washington University
CSBS 310
Late 19th-Century “Culture”
• Scholars began to use
“culture” to refer to a
realm of ideas and actions
informed by ideas
• Culture came to be
synonymous with “world
view”
• But it still allowed for
“higher” and “lower”
worldviews
Johann Gottfried Herder,
1744-1803
Wilhelm von Humboldt,
1767-1835
Herbert Spencer,
1820-1903
Edward Tyler, 1832-1917
Eastern Washington University
CSBS 310
• Karl Marx adopted this view of culture as a non-
material realm of ideas and idea-inspired actions
• But for Marx, culture was determined by things he
considered to be more fundamental: labor, material
production, relationships between workers and owners
Late 19th-Century “Culture”: Karl Marx
Eastern Washington University
CSBS 310
Late 19th-Century “Culture”
Superstructure
Base
Art
politics
religion
entertainment
Economy
Finance
Agriculture
Manufacturing
Material Production
Late 19th-Century “Culture”: Marx
Eastern Washington University
CSBS 310
Late 19th-Century “Culture”
Superstructure
Base
Art
politics
religion
entertainment
Economy
Finance
Agriculture
Manufacturing
Material Production
Reflected the interests of
the upper classes
Owned and controlled
by the upper classes
Late 19th-Century “Culture”: Marx
Eastern Washington University
CSBS 310
Late 19th-Century “Cu ...
Academic research and creative industries: a brief and partial genealogy
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Cultural studies
This document outlines five types of cultural studies: British Cultural Materialism, New Historicism, American Multiculturalism, Postmodernism and Popular Culture, and Postcolonial Studies. British Cultural Materialism examines culture from the perspectives of the working classes and is inspired by thinkers like Walter Benjamin and Gyorgy Lukacs. New Historicism sees history and literature as mutually informing using unexpected connections across time. American Multiculturalism incorporates the writings and experiences of diverse racial and ethnic groups in America. Postmodernism and Popular Culture analyzes culture and texts with a focus on ambiguity, fragmentation, and audience reception. Postcolonial Studies critiques relationships between colonizers and colonized through the works of authors like Kipling, Rhys,
Mayuri 13
This document outlines and describes 5 types of cultural studies: 1) British Cultural Materialism, which began in the 1950s and was influenced by Matthew Arnold's analysis of bourgeois culture, 2) New Historicism, which examines how literature expresses and sometimes disguises power relations, 3) American Multiculturalism, which includes African American, Latina/o, American Indian, and Asian American writers, 4) Postmodernism and Popular Culture, which analyzes popular culture through production, textual, audience, and historical lenses, and 5) Postcolonial Studies, which refers to the historical phase undergone by third world countries after the decline of colonialism.
Types of cultural studies
This document discusses different types of cultural studies, including British cultural materialism, New Historicism, American multiculturalism, postmodernism and popular culture, and postcolonial studies. It provides brief descriptions of each: British cultural materialism began in the 1950s and was influenced by Matthew Arnold; New Historicism interprets literature within the author and critic's historical context; American multiculturalism emerged from the 1964 Civil Rights Act; postmodernism questions objectivity and universal truths; popular culture studies analyzes production, texts, audiences, and history; and postcolonial theory analyzes the legacies of colonialism and imperialism. The conclusion notes that popular culture can reshape interpretations of original texts.
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Cultural studies
- 1. BRITISH CULTURAL MATERIALISM Prepared by: Vibhuti V. Bhatt, M. A. Part – I, Sem – II, Roll No: 15, Department of English, MKBU, Bhavnagar.
- 2. WHAT IS CULTURE? • Hard to define • Something that one inherits • ‘a complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society’ (Brunette, Edmund Primitive Culture, 1871)
- 3. CULTURAL STUDIES / BRITISH CULTURAL MATERIALISM • Began in the 1950s with the works of F. R. Leavis • Two trajectories for culture: 1. One led back to past 2. The other led toward a future
- 4. WORKS DONE BY BRITISH AUTHORS: • Mathew Arnold’s – Bourgeois Culture (Cultural and Anarchy) • Raymond Williams – Culture – Working Class as well as the Elite • Leavis – promoted the ‘great tradition’ – to improve the moral sensibilities of a wider range of readers than just the elites • Threat – Mass Culture
- 5. INFLUENTIAL THINKERS: • Karl Marx (Classless Society), Gyorgy Lukacs, Theodor Adorno, Louis Althusser, Max Horkheimer, Mikhail Bakhtin and Antonio Gramsci • Gramsci – Concept of Cultural Hegemony – Relation of Domination not always visible as such • Walter Benjamin – Aura of Culture • Lukacs – Reflection Theory