CSA Major Challenges for Sustainable Agriculture.pptx

Climate-Smart Agriculture
in the Near East North Africa
Region
Babagana Ahmadu
September 2018
The 1stAnnual Inter-Regional Smart Agriculture Forum ‘ISAF’
24th
to the 26th
of September 2018 in Khartoum, Sudan.

Major Challenges for Sustainable Agriculture
The 1stAnnual Inter-Regional Smart Agriculture Forum ‘ISAF’ 2
Sept.2018
Climate Change
,
Food Safety
Food Security
Water crises

Threats of Climate change on food security
Sept.2018
• According (IPCC), Climate change is
already hampering agricultural
growth.
• Climate change is estimated to have
already reduced global yields of
maize and wheat by 3.8% and 5.5%
respectively.
• 40% of jobs in the Arab region are
derived from Agriculture. By 2050
production may decline due to less
rainfall and hotter conditions

Climate change Assessment of the Arab region
Sept.2018
Evolution of Agriculture contribution to GDP in
NENA
Source: RICCAR, Arab Climate Change Assessment Report – Main Report. Beirut,
E/ESCWA/SDPD/2017/RICCAR/Report.

Vulnerability of the Arab region to Climate Change
5
Sept.2018
• One of the most vulnerable to the
potential negative effects of
climate change.
• Over the past 30 years, climate
disasters affected 50 million
people in the Arab region, with a
reported cost of US$11.5 billion.

Climate Change …Water Gap 2050 in the NENA region
• IPCC identifies the Middle East and
North Africa region as the region most
severely affected by climate change,
particularly because the effects will
stress already severe water scarcity.
• Climate models predict significant
increase in temperature and reduction
in precipitation in much of
Mediterranean Africa, northern Sahara,
and the eastern Mediterranean,
ranging from 10-30%.
Sept2018

Climate change impact on livelihood
in the Arab region
• The Arab region will remain arid,
with some areas becoming even
drier and hotter. Rainfall
patterns will change, and the
increase in floods and droughts
events is likely to continue in the
future.
• Projections suggest that the rate
of agricultural production will
decrease slow over the next few
decades.
• 40% of jobs in the Arab region
are derived from Agriculture. By
2050 production may decline
due to less rainfall and hotter
conditions
• Wheat, maize and barley
production in the region
expected to decrease.
Sept.2018

Sept.2018
Major impacts on NENA farmers

FAO approach
• In 2010, FAO launched Climate Smart
Agriculture concept and approach in response
to the growing need for a clear and coherent
strategy for managing agriculture and food
systems under climate change to reach food
security and development objectives.
This is the name of the Conference 9
18 May 2015

Sept.2018
• CSA is an approach that helps
agricultural systems ensure
sustainable development and
food security in a changing
climate.
• Sustainably increasing
agricultural productivity
and incomes
• Reducing and/or removing
greenhouse gas emissions,
where possible.
• Adapting and building
resilience to climate
change

Sept.2018

5-step process to implement the CSA approach
Sept.2018
1
2
2
3
4 5

Climate-resilient transformation pathways for
agriculture
• Business as usual leads to
higher risks of food security
and lower resilience of food
and agricultural systems.
• whereas, CSA pathways
result in higher resilience
and lower risks to food
security.
Sept.2018

Climate-smart agriculture techniques
• Mulching, intercropping, conservation agriculture, crop rotation,
integrated crop-livestock management, agroforestry, improved
grazing, and improved water management.
• Also innovative practices such as better weather forecasting,
early warning systems and risk insurance

• Major Categories of
Farming Systems:
• Irrigated
• Mixed
• Pastoral
15
Appropriate CSA
Solutions: by farming
systems in the NENA
Region

Irrigated Systems
• Challenges:
• More water stress
• Increased demand for irrigation
• Reduced yields
• Potential Solutions:
• High-efficiency pumps
• Precise water applications
• Deficit irrigation
Sept.2018

Mixed Systems
• Challenges:
• Reduced yields
• Increased demand for
irrigation
• Harder to make agricultural
plans
• Soil and water management,
such as mulching and
rainwater harvesting
• Differentiated approaches
for annual and perennial
crops
Sept.2018

Pastoral Systems
• Challenges:
• Increased risk of drought
• Reduced water for livestock
and fodder
• Grazing management
(rotational grazing , livestock
mobility, restoration of
degraded lands)
• Pasture management (higher
yielding grass varieties,
optimizing fertilization)
Sept.2018

Final Messages
• Urgent action from public, private and civil society stakeholders
at the international to local levels is required in the areas of:
• Building evidence and assessment tools;
• Strengthening regional/national and local related
institutions;
• Developing coordinated and evidence-based policies;
• Increasing financing and its effectiveness.
Sept.2018

Final Messages
• Adopting new tools and internet-based/ICT technologies.
• Building Smallholder Resilience, and focus on specific
vulnerable households (such as widows or disabled
people) which will effectively increase poverty reduction
and minimizes the devastating impact of climate change
effects.
• Scaling-up Investment in CSA.
Sept.2018

Thank you
21
Sept.2018

CSA Major Challenges for Sustainable Agriculture.pptx

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