2. 1.What is the population density of corn in a
hectare if the distance of planting is 75 cm x
33 cm with 2 plants per hill?
a) 53,333
b) 80,808
c ) 66,666
d ) 75,048
3. 2.The leading agricultural export crops in the
Philippines is
a) Banana
b) Sugarcane
c ) Abaca
d ) Coconut
4. 3.Tomatoes come in abundance at
certain times of the year. How can the supply
be assured?
a) Encourage preservation of tomatoes
b) Plant during rainy season
c) Use substitute to tomato
d) Avoid using tomatoes
5. 4.The Main location of the Bureau of
Postharvest Research and Extension is located
in
a) Nueva Ecija
b. Davao
c) Laguna
d) Bicol
6. 5.The meristem responsible for stem
elongation for crop plants is defined as
a. Apical
b. Lateral
c. Intercalary
d. Meristem
7. 6. Nearly all grasses exhibit the following
type of seedling emergence
a. Epigeal
b. Mesogeal
c. Cotylegeal
d. Hypogeal
8. 7. A botanical pesticide locally known as
“ tubli” is a bushy leguminous vine usually found
growing near river banks
a. Derris
b. Neem tree
c. Marigold
d. Chrysanthemum
9. 8. C3 plants have
a) Only one CO2 fixation pathway
b)Two CO2 fixation pathways separated
in space
c)Two CO2 fixation pathways separated
in time
d)Three CO2 fixation pathway
10. C3, C4, and CAM Plants
Calvin & Benson Hatch, Slack, Kortshak, & Burr Ranson andThomas
CO2 fixed as 3C PGA CO2 fixed as 4C OAA CO2 fixed as 4C organic acid
Typical leaf with palisade & spongy &
meso.
Kranz anatomy lacking palisade cells Succulent plant with thick cuticle and
waxy leaves
Stomata open during daytime Stomata open during daytime Stomata open during night time
Enzyme – Rubisco Enzyme – PEP-ase Enzyme – PEP-ase
Most energy efficient method ½ way between these two Best water conservation
Most plants Tropical grasses like corn, sugarcane Succulents, pineapple, agave
11.
12. 9.This phytohormone is also called ripening hormone
a) IAA
b) Gibberelin
c) Cytokinin
d) Ethylene
13.
14. 10.This light reaction phase of photosynthesis
takes place in
a) Chloroplasts
b) Stroma
c)Thylakoid lamellae
d) Chlorophyll molecules
15. 11. Rice is classified as C3 species because its first
stable product of photosynthesis is a 3-carbon
compound known as
a) Pyruvic acid
b) 3- phosphoglyceric acid
c) Oxaloacetic acid
d) 3- phosphoglyceraldehyde
C3 Plants
The first compound formed after CO2 fixation in C3 plants is a
3-carbon molecule, 3-PGA
C4 Plants
The first compound formed after CO2 fixation in C4 plants is a
4-carbon molecule, oxaloacetate
CAM Plants
CO2 fixation occurs at night because the stomates are close
during the day the first compound formed is oxaloacetate (4-
carbon compound)
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, also known as triose phosphate
or 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde and abbreviated as G3P,
16. 12.Transpiration is a very useful process in plants
because it is
a) Involved in heat exchange between
the leaves and the air
b) Essential in the distribution of
essential elements in plants
c) Important in water and nutrient utilization
d) Needed in solubilizing compounds
Plant transpiration provides evaporative cooling, forming a
major component of the leaf energy balance.Transpiration
also provides the driving force for transport of water and
nutrients from roots to shoots.
17. 13. Certain plant organs move when exposed to
water stress
a)To maintain high leaf water potential
b)To maximize photosynthetic activity
c)To optimize translocation during the day
d)To balance their temperature with the surrounding air
18. 14. Both photosynthesis and respiration are
influenced by
a) Relative humidity and CO2 concentration
b) Oxygen concentration
c)Temperature and CO2 concentration
d)Temperature and Relative Humidity
20. 15. Solutes move into and out of the vacuole
resulting in
a) Loss of cell turgor
b) Change un cell volume
c) Cell growth
d) Regulation of osmotic potential of the cystosol
Osmosis is a passive transport system, meaning it
requires no energy. It causes water to move in and out of
cells depending on the solute concentration of the
surrounding environment.
21. 16. Nutrient availability in the soil is largely dependent on
a) pH and moisture content
b) Structure and bulk density
c)Water holding capacity
d) Color and temperature
22. 17. Pineapple
a) Fixes atmospheric CO2 during the day
b) Fixes atmospheric CO2 during the night
through the C3 pathway
c) Decarboxylates malate in its cytosol
during the night
d) Produces malate during the night
through the C4 pathway
Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM)
• they open their stomates at night to absorb CO2,
and
close them during the day to reduce transpiration
• they fix CO2 into 4-carbon acids, oxaloacetate,
using
PEP CARBOXYLASE, at night when stomates are
open
• the 4-carbon acid (malate) formed is temporarily
stored
in the vacuole at night. During the day, malate
returns to
the chloroplast where it is decarboxylated and the
CO2
moves into the C3 cycle while PEP is release
23. 18. Adjustments of modern crop production system
to achieve sustainability should be
a) Holistic in approach
b) Fragmentary to be effective
c) Fast and problem specific
d) Precise and profit oriented
24. 19.The features of a sustainable crop production
are
a) Ecologically safe, highly productive and profitable
b) Economically viable moderate crop productivity, and environmentally safe
c) Ecologically safe, economically viable, an socially acceptable
d) Environmentally sound, economically viable and low input requirement
25. 20. A crucial component of sustainable crop
production system which can be achieved
through crop polyculture
a) Crop-animal integration
b) Crop intensification
c) Plant diversity
d) Genetic contamination
26. 21. Planting of multiple varieties of different crops
in a farm is called
a) Intercropping
b) Intraspecific diversity
c) Interspecific diversity
d) Biodiversity
27. 22. Monocultures of a crop variety in large scale
over an interrupted period promotes
a) Crop yield stability
b) Build up of insect pests and diseases
c) Genetic purity and stability
d) Soil fertility and productivity
28. 23. A crop production system is considered
sustainable when
a) Renewable resources are conserved and crop productivity is stable
b) External inputs are absolutely required to maintain crop yield
c) Non-renewable resources are well managed
d) Management of the agroecosystem remains the same over time
29. 24.The process by which cells become specialized
into different types with different function.
a. Development
b. Growth
c. Differentiation
d. Morphogenesis
30. 25. Sustainability of crop production is
highlyspecific due to
a) Crop genetic potential instability
b) Crop diversity and management capability
c) Agroclimatic and socioeconomic variability
d) Geographic and demographic factors
31. 26. Based on the frameworks of sustainable crop
production, the indicators of the performance
of an agroecosystem are
a) Sustainability, productivity and level of external inputs
b) Productivity, stability and sustainability
c) Social acceptability, ecological soundness and cost of production
d) Economic viability, conservation of resources and scale of adaptation
32. 27. An example of an economically feasible water-conserving
irrigation method that could substantially reduce the water
requirement of lowland rice is
a) Drip irrigation
b) Intermittent flooding
c) Overhead irrigation
d) Gravity irrigation
33. 28.The type of crop to be grown and appropriate tillage
practices is largely determine by this
land attributes
a)Topography
b) Structure
c )Type
d ) Depth
34. 29. A climatic element that determines crop growth
and yield be affecting various enzymes involved
in dry matter production is
a) Solar radiation
b) Precipitation
c )Wind speed
d )Temperature
35. 30.The adverse effect of global warming on crop
productivity is expected to be worse in the
a)Temperate climate areas
b) Sub-tropics areas
c)Tropics
d) High elevation areas
36. 31.The physiological response of crops to drought
is usually similar to their response to
a) Low solar radiation
b) Low temperature
c ) Soil salinity
d ) Acidity
37. 32. Given favorable environment, superior crop
potential and adequate production inputs, crop
yield would largely depend on
a)The management capability of the farmers
b) Market demand
c) Competition among farmers
d) Availability of postharvest facilities
38. 33.The relatively high frequency of rainfall on the
windward side of a mountain range is attributed to
a) Orographic effects
b)Warm temperature
c)Variable wind speed
d) Constant relative humidity
The orographic effect occurs when air masses are forced
to flow over high topography. As air rises over mountains,
it cools and water vapor condenses. As a result, it is
common for rain to be concentrated on the windward side
of mountains, and for rainfall to increase with elevation in
the direction of storm tracks.
39. 34.The yield of various filed crops exposed to
unreliable water supply usually drops
significantly when droughts occur during
a) Early vegetative stage
b) Mid-reproductive stage
c) Flowering stage
d) Mid- vegetative stage
40. 35. Rainfall data that are most meaningful in
formulating appropriate cropping calendars are
a) Annual rainfall data
b) Monthly rainfall data
c)Weekly rainfall data
d) Semi-annual rainfall data
41. 36. Calculate the number of guava seedlings needed to establish a
0.09 hectare (could be 1 ha) (30m x 30m) field using a quincunx
system of planting which spacing of 120 cm between rows and
120 cm between hills.
a) 1201
b) 1102
c) 1020
d) 1212
42. 37. Large-scale deforestation would eventually
lead to global warming due to
a) Reduction of vegetative cover of the earth
b) Reduction of sink for carbon dioxide
c) Direct exposure of forest soil to solar radiation
d) Rapid drying of the soil
Deforestation is a direct contributor to the
greenhouse effect and global warming2.
Deforestation in tropical rainforests adds more
carbon dioxide to the atmosphere than the sum
total of cars and trucks on the world’s roads.
Deforestation and forest degradation accounts for
11 per cent of carbon emissions.
43. 38. Crops that are likely to show significant
reduction of biomass when exposed to heat
stress are
a) Subtropical species
b)Tropical species
c)Temperate species
d) Desert species
44. 39. Plants that grow relatively well under drought
condition usually have
a) Long diagravitropic roots
b) Short orthogravitropic roots
c) Long orthogravitropic roots
d) Short diagravitropic roots
45. 40. Gene recombination occur as a result of
a)Vegetative propagation
b) Clonal propagation
c) Self-pollination of a pureline
d) Sexual reproduction
Genetic recombination is a programmed feature of meiosis in
most sexual organisms, where it ensures the proper
segregation of chromosomes. Genetic recombination refers to
the rearrangement of DNA sequences by the breakage and
rejoining of chromosomes or chromosome segments.
46. 41. In rice, the best time of the day to conduct
emasculation is
a) In the morning
b) In the afternoon
c ) At noon time
d) Anytime of the day
47. 42. Seeds which can be dried to a low moisture
level but cannot tolerate low temperature like
coffee and papaya are considered
a) Recalcitrant
b) Orthodox
c ) Intermediate
d ) Heterotic
Species Seed Behaviour
Orthodox seed Orthodox seeds tolerate maturation drying and
can remain viable for years. Medium-lived seeds
(1-15 years). Long-lived seeds (> 15 years)
Recalcitrant seed Recalcitrant seeds do not tolerate maturation
drying and are short-lived seeds can display
orthodox or recalcitrant seed behavior.
Intermediate seed Intermediate seeds tend to age faster
than orthodox seeds and may have only a 5 year
lifespan when stored at -20°C.They have greatest
longevity when dried between 45 and 65% RH.
50. 43.Which of the following is optional requirement
for favorable seed germination?
a) Favorable temperature
b) 20% oxygen concentration
c) Light
d) Proper amount of water
51. 44. Certified seed is produced from
a) Breeder seed
b) Registered seed
c) Foundation seed
d) Good seed
52. 45. Seeds of fruit trees such as durian, mango, and
coconut are examples of
a) Orthodox seeds
b) Recalcitrant seeds
c) Intermediate seeds
d) Dormant seeds
53. 46. Farmers are not advised to save seeds from
hybrid cultivars for planting the following season
because of
a) Seeds will not germinate
b) Seeds will be susceptible to pests
c)Yield reduction due to segregation
d)Weight of seeds reduced
54. 47. Seeds germination indicated the quality of
seeds. Germination percentage is reduced when
one of the following conditions occurs
a) Seeds are germinated under dark conditions
b) Seeds germinate in paper boxes
c) Seeds are pre-germinated in water and then sown in the field
d) Seeds are germinated in moist paper towels in the cabinet
55. 48. Grafting is done to
a) Accelerate crop improvement work by grafting seedling onto shoots of full grown
trees
b) Reproduction of true to type clones
c) Produce diseased free plants by budding indexed tissues onto test tube grown
seedlings
d) All of the above
56. 49.Techniques of layering differ and maybe applied depending on the tree
species. What technique is used when the base of stem attached to the
trunk is slowly covered with soil
a)Trench layering
b) Mound layering
c) Serpentine layering
d) Air layering
Trench Layering
Serpentine Layering
57. 50. One application of grafting is in top working
which is done to
a) Rejuvenate the plants
b) Repair damage tissues in plants
c) Control diseases
d) Change existing variety of plants
58. 51.Tissue culture is based on totipotency.This
phenomenon refers to :
a) Ability of the cells to differentiate to produce a plant
b) Ability of the cells to produce hormones
c) Ability of the cell to divide
d) Ability of the cell to be cultured
Totipotency is the ability of a single cell to
divide and produce all of the differentiated
cells in an organism. Spores and zygotes are
examples of totipotent cells.
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_potency
59. 52. Cropping system must be appropriately designed to
achieved the following
a) Enrich the soil with organic matter
b) Improve nutritional status of plants
c) Improved soil structure
d) Improve soil irrigation and drainage
e) All of the above
60. 53. Multiple cropping is the planting of more crops
per unit area.What advantages can be achieved through
multiple cropping
a) Increase yield per unit area
b) Enhance biodiversity
c) Increases use of efficiency for nutrients and water
d) Less incidence of pests and diseases
61. 54. Calculate the number of abaca seedlings needed to
establish a 1.15 hectare field using a triangular system of
planting with spacing 8.5 between rows and 8.5 between hills
a) 183.81
b) 183.79
c) 183.82
d) 183.80
62. 55. In leaves of many plants
a) N is higher than P than K
b) K is higher than P than N
c) K is higher than N than P
d) N is higher than K than P
63. 56. Mulching is the practice of placing biodegradable or non-
biodegradable materials on soil surface to achieved the following
but one purpose
a) Conserve soil moisture
b) Maintain soil temperature
c) Control weeds
d) Improve soil depth
Soil depth defines the root space and the volume
of the soil from where the plants fulfil their
water nutrient demands.
- esdac.jrc.Europa.eu
64. 57.Transpiration in plants increases the loss of
water from the soil to the plant to the
a) Atmospheric temperature is high
b) Atmospheric relative humidity is low
c)Wind velocity is high
d) All of the above
65. 58.Water utilization at lower depths can be
achieved under the following conditions
a) Plants has more lateral roots
b) Plants has deeper roots
c) Growing environment is suitable to the plants
d)The soil is terraced to conserve soil moisture
66. 59.To induce flowering of citrus by irrigation, the
plant should be
a) Irrigated continuously
b) Subject to water stress and not irrigated
c) Subject to water stress and irrigate
d) Do not subject to water stress
67. 60. Gravimetric method is the determination of
water by
a) Allowing water to flow to a gravimetric meter
b) Getting fresh weight of water
c) Measuring the amount of water leached from the soil
d) Getting the dry weight and fresh weight of soil and getting percentage water
therefrom
68. 61. Surface irrigation is typified by furrow irrigation.
For water to be uniformly distributed in the
field, the furrow should be
a)Wide and long
b) Narrow and long
c) narrow & straight
d) wide and short
69. 62. Drainage can be achieved by
a) Raising the beds up to 30 cm
b) Cultivation
c) Subsoiling
d) All of the above
70. 63. Poorly drained soil result in
a) Increase ethylene content in the leaf resulting to yellowing and defoliation
b) Increase incidence of root diseases
c) Increase rooting intensity
d) All of the above
71. 64. At higher temperature , the tendency of the
plant is to produce poor size fruits because of
the
a) Fruit cannot get nutrients from the soil
b) Fruit is scanscald
c) Fruit matures even before it reaches full size
d) Fruit is affected by insect pests which occurs at higher temperature
72. 65. At low light intensity
a) Leaf tends to become thick
b) Leaf tends to become thin
c) Leaf tends to become more green
d) Leaf tends to bend
73. 66. Coronas climatic
classification is based on
a) Amount of rainfall
b) Distribution of rainfall
c) Length of rainy days
d) Light intensity and rainfall
This system of climate classification was devised by Fr. J.
Corona in 1920 (Lantican 2001) and is based on average
monthly rainfall.
74. Type I
Two pronounced seasons, dry from November to April, and wet during the rest of
the year.The maximum rain period is from June to September.
Regions withType I climate: Ilocos Region, the western part of Mountain Province,
the western part of Nueva Ecija, Central Luzon, Metro Manila, Cavite, Laguna,
Batangas,Tarlac, Pampanga, Bulacan, Bataan, Zambales, Occidental Mindoro,
southern parts of Antique and Iloilo, northwestern part of Palawan, and the
southern parts of Negros Oriental and Negros Occidental).
75. Type II
No dry season with a very pronounced maximum rain period from December to
February.There is not a single dry month.
Minimum monthly rainfall occurs during the period from March to May.
Regions withType II climate: northern part of Kalinga Apayao, northwestern part of
Cagayan, the western part of Quezon Province, Polillo Island, Bicol Region,
northeastern Samar, Southern Leyte, Surigao del Norte, Surigao del Sur, Agusan del
Sur, Agusan del Norte, and Misamis Occidental.
76. Type III
No very pronounced maximum rain period, with a short dry season lasting only from
one to three months, either during the period from December to February or from
March to May.
This climate type resembles type I since it has a short dry season.
Regions withType III climate: northeastern part of Ilocos Norte, Kalinga-Apayao,
Cagayan, Mountain Province, western part of Isabela, eastern part of Nueva
Viscaya, Bulacan, eastern parts of Laguna and Batangas,Oriental Mindoro,
Romblon, Marinduque, Aklan, Capiz, northern parts of Antique and Iloilo, Negros
Occidental, Siquijor, Zamboanga del Sur, Basilan, Lanao del Sur, Bukidnon, Misamis
Oriental, western part of Agusan del Sur, Lanao del Sur, Bukidnon, Misamis Oriental,
western part of Agusan del Sur, and eastern Maguindanao.
77. Type IV
Rainfall is more or less evenly distributed throughout the year.
This climate type resembles the second type more closely since it has no dry season.
Regions withType IV climate: northern Kalinga-Apayao, eastern Cagayan, Isabela,
Quezon Province, the western part of Bicol Region, western Samar, southeastern
Masbate, northern Leyte, the northern part of Cebu, Bohol, Zamboanga del Sur,
northern-eastern part of Zamboanga del Norte, Lanao del Norte, Sultan Kudarat,
South Cotabato, Davao del Sur, Davao del Norte, Davao Oriental, eastern parts of
Agusan del Norte, and Agusan del Sur.
78. 67.When climate is evenly distributed, one of the
following may not be achieved
a) Flowering of seasonal fruit will become erratic
b) Flowering of non-seasonal fruits will continue
c) Fruit quality will increase particularly of fleshy fruits
d) Fruit gap along the stem of papaya will be avoided
79. 69.When you go away from the equator
a) Difference between day and night period increases
b)Temperature is not affected
c) Day length is not affected
d)Temperature and daylenght variation increases
80. 70. All agricultural crops in the Philippines belongs
to
a) Angiospermae
b) Gymnospermae
c) Spermatophytes
d)Thallophytes
81. The four divisions of the plant kingdom are:
1. Thallophyta –algae, bacteria and fungi
2. Bryophyta –small green plants without true roots or flowers such as the
mosses
3. Pteridophyta –green plants with vascular tissue, true roots, and usually
distinct leaves. This group includes the psilophytes, club mosses, horsetails
and ferns.
4. Spermatophyta –all seed-bearing plants that bear true flowers. Majority of
the economically important plants are included in this division.
82. The division is subdivided into 2 groups,
namely:
a. gymnosperms –all plants with naked seeds like the
pine trees.
b. angiosperms – plants with seed enclosed in a vessel;
further divided into 2 classes;
1) monocotyledon –with one cotyledon
2) dicotyledon – with two cotyledons
83. 71. In lowland rice production, land preparation
requires puddling the soil in order to
a) Increase water percolation
b) Destroy soil structure
c) Modify soil texture
d) Promote aeration
84. 72. Both moldboard plow and disc plow are used in
the preparation of
a) Lowland
b) Upland
c) Both lowland and upland
d)Wetland
85. 73. Calculate the number of abaca needed to establish a
1.5 hectare field using a triangular system of planting
which spacing of 8.5m between rows and 8.5m between
hills.
a) 183.81
b) 183.79
c) 183.82
d) 183.80
86. 74. Quincunx is a system of planting which is also
called
a) Diagonal
b) Hexagonal
c ) Rectangular
d )Triangular
87. 75.Wider plant spacing is adapted when
a) Soil fertility is low
b) Plants have erect growth habit
c) Plants have spreading growth habit
d) Plants are small
88. 76.Which of the following is not among the
objectives of pruning
a)To dwarfen the plants
b)To maintain desired canopy shape
c)To increase the volume of the canopy
d)To rejuvenate an old tree
89. 77. A method of harvesting in which only matured
or ripe fruits or pods are harvested is called
a) Stripping
b)Taping
c )Tuxying
d ) Priming
90. 78.The process of separating cotton lint from the
cotton seeds is called
a) Ginning
b) Degumming
c ) Retting
d ) Stripping
91. 79. Oleocellosis occurs when citrus fruits are
harvested
a) Early morning
b) Late morning
c) Early afternoon
d) Anytime of the day
Oleocellosis phenomenon in citrus fruit is characterized by
greenish-brown areas on an orange or yellow background of
the flavedo.
92. 80. For longer shelf life, perishables should not be
stored under
a) Low oxygen
b) Low temperature
c) Low relative humidity
d) High CO2
93. 81.Trees propagated by sexual method are
a)True-to-type
b) Early bearing
c)Tall and big
d) Uniform
94. 82.Which of the following does not have modified
stem
a) Ginger
b) Pineapple
c ) Banana
d ) Sweet potato
95. 83.The organic and Agriculture Act of 2010 is ______.
a) R.A 11203
b) R.A 8435
c) R.A 10601
d) R.A 10068
96. 84.Which type of cutting is used for cassava and
siniguelas
a) Soft-wood
b) Hard-wood
c ) Semi-hardwood
d ) Herbaceous
