This document contains 25 multiple choice questions about various topics in criminology. The questions cover subjects such as organized crime, terrorism, cybercrime, drugs, prostitution, and criminological theories. The questions are part of a weekly quiz for an online criminology course.
CRJ 105 help A Guide to career/Snaptutorialpinck182
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Behavior that is outside the range of normal societal toleration is best described as:
Question 2
An individual is shot while trying to break into a home. This is an example of:
Question 3
Created classification of victims based on their culpability:
Question 4
The gap between male and female crime rates is _______ in modernized societies.
Question 5
Crime rates are difficult to compare cross-nationally due to:
Question 6
"The insanity defense allows many dangerous offenders to escape conviction." This is:
CRJ 105 help Making Decisions/Snaptutorialpinck2318
For more classes visit
www.snaptutorial.com
Behavior that is outside the range of normal societal toleration is best described as:
Question 2
An individual is shot while trying to break into a home. This is an example of:
This document provides answers to a CJUS 310 quiz. It contains answers to 80 multiple choice questions about juvenile justice, criminological theories, and delinquency. Some key topics covered in the answers include the juvenile justice system, definitions of minor and delinquency, self-report studies vs official statistics on youth crime, risk factors for delinquency, and gender differences in offending patterns.
Haggard's Law states that those who most strongly object to homosexuality are often closeted homosexuals themselves. It is named after Pastor Ted Haggard, who strongly condemned homosexuality but was later revealed to have had a sexual relationship with a male prostitute. The document discusses the history of Haggard's Law and its origins, reviews studies that have investigated its claims with mixed results, and provides several examples of anti-gay public figures who were later caught in homosexual scandals, providing apparent examples of Haggard's Law.
1) The Broken Windows Theory asserts that addressing minor crimes and disorder prevents more serious crimes. Commissioner William Bratton popularized broken windows policing in New York City in the 1990s, reducing crime.
2) In the 1970s, New Jersey launched a program to improve communities that increased residents' sense of security, though police were skeptical. Broken windows policing aimed to address small issues before they escalated.
3) Zero-tolerance policies, beginning in New York City in 1994, strictly enforced all laws without discretion. While crime dropped, the tactics eroded police-community relations and faced accusations of racial profiling.
Broken windows policing is based on the theory that minor crimes and disorder, if left unchecked, can lead to more serious crimes. The approach calls for strict policing of minor offenses to prevent major crimes. However, the method has been criticized for giving police too much discretion and potentially enabling racial profiling and excessive force. The case of Eric Garner, who was killed during an arrest for selling untaxed cigarettes, illustrated these issues with the approach. While the goals of preventing crime and maintaining order seem reasonable, broken windows policing in practice has damaged relations between police and communities and has not been conclusively shown to reduce crime.
Moral development is a process through which a child develops proper attitudes or behaviors towards the other people in the society, based on various things such social and cultural norms, laws and rules. Moral development is every parent's concern because parents have the responsibility to teach a child to distinguish between what is right and wrong and then behave accordingly.
CRJ 105 help A Guide to career/Snaptutorialpinck182
For more classes visit
www.snaptutorial.com
Behavior that is outside the range of normal societal toleration is best described as:
Question 2
An individual is shot while trying to break into a home. This is an example of:
Question 3
Created classification of victims based on their culpability:
Question 4
The gap between male and female crime rates is _______ in modernized societies.
Question 5
Crime rates are difficult to compare cross-nationally due to:
Question 6
"The insanity defense allows many dangerous offenders to escape conviction." This is:
CRJ 105 help Making Decisions/Snaptutorialpinck2318
For more classes visit
www.snaptutorial.com
Behavior that is outside the range of normal societal toleration is best described as:
Question 2
An individual is shot while trying to break into a home. This is an example of:
This document provides answers to a CJUS 310 quiz. It contains answers to 80 multiple choice questions about juvenile justice, criminological theories, and delinquency. Some key topics covered in the answers include the juvenile justice system, definitions of minor and delinquency, self-report studies vs official statistics on youth crime, risk factors for delinquency, and gender differences in offending patterns.
Haggard's Law states that those who most strongly object to homosexuality are often closeted homosexuals themselves. It is named after Pastor Ted Haggard, who strongly condemned homosexuality but was later revealed to have had a sexual relationship with a male prostitute. The document discusses the history of Haggard's Law and its origins, reviews studies that have investigated its claims with mixed results, and provides several examples of anti-gay public figures who were later caught in homosexual scandals, providing apparent examples of Haggard's Law.
1) The Broken Windows Theory asserts that addressing minor crimes and disorder prevents more serious crimes. Commissioner William Bratton popularized broken windows policing in New York City in the 1990s, reducing crime.
2) In the 1970s, New Jersey launched a program to improve communities that increased residents' sense of security, though police were skeptical. Broken windows policing aimed to address small issues before they escalated.
3) Zero-tolerance policies, beginning in New York City in 1994, strictly enforced all laws without discretion. While crime dropped, the tactics eroded police-community relations and faced accusations of racial profiling.
Broken windows policing is based on the theory that minor crimes and disorder, if left unchecked, can lead to more serious crimes. The approach calls for strict policing of minor offenses to prevent major crimes. However, the method has been criticized for giving police too much discretion and potentially enabling racial profiling and excessive force. The case of Eric Garner, who was killed during an arrest for selling untaxed cigarettes, illustrated these issues with the approach. While the goals of preventing crime and maintaining order seem reasonable, broken windows policing in practice has damaged relations between police and communities and has not been conclusively shown to reduce crime.
Moral development is a process through which a child develops proper attitudes or behaviors towards the other people in the society, based on various things such social and cultural norms, laws and rules. Moral development is every parent's concern because parents have the responsibility to teach a child to distinguish between what is right and wrong and then behave accordingly.
1) Control theories examine why most people do not commit crimes and focus on the social controls that bond individuals to society, such as attachment to family and commitment to education.
2) Early researchers found delinquency was related to weak bonds like inconsistent parenting and lack of school commitment. Later theorists such as Hirschi emphasized the "social control bonds" of attachment, commitment, involvement, and beliefs.
3) Matza argued that delinquents are not fully committed to criminal behaviors and can "neutralize" moral beliefs to rationalize acts, while General Theory of Crime links low self-control to ineffective parenting.
This document is Brandon Dat's analysis of the 2013 New York City mayoral election. It discusses Brandon's own political ideologies and where he falls on the liberal-conservative spectrum. It then examines the positions of the two main candidates, Bill de Blasio and Joseph Lhota, on key issues like stop-and-frisk policies. After reviewing both candidates' backgrounds and positions, Brandon determines that de Blasio's views most closely align with his own ideologies. He therefore concludes that de Blasio will receive his vote.
The document summarizes a research paper that argues pornography has led to a decline in rape in the United States. It notes that rape has declined 85% over the past 25 years as access to pornography has increased. States with the lowest internet access saw increases in rape, while states with the highest access saw declines. The author argues this correlation suggests pornography may satisfy urges that might otherwise lead to rape, though others may propose additional explanations for the relationship between increased porn and lower rape rates. Critics have argued pornography causes violence, but the author claims their conclusions are not supported by evidence.
The document provides an outline for a research essay on the topic of violence in video games. It discusses the author's plan to examine how the topic has been discussed over decades, look at viewpoints from both sides of the debate, and give their own perspective based on years of personal research. The author plans to analyze how the topic has changed public perception and the games industry over time in three sections focusing on each decade. Sources mentioned include old news clips, articles, and studies they will reference.
The document provides details from the respondent's audience research for a documentary project. The research examines what percentage of 16-24 year olds watch documentaries based on Canadian studies. It finds that 16-34 year olds are the second most common group to watch documentaries. The respondent also looks at Netflix documentaries popular with similar age groups to get ideas for themes. Primary research in the form of an online survey is conducted to understand what this age group expects and prefers in documentaries, such as inclusion of music and interviews. The responses are analyzed to help determine how to design the documentary for maximum appeal to 16-24 year olds.
Probability Sampling and Alternative MethodologiesLangerResearch
Gary Langer's Oct. 2012 presentation to the National Science Foundation on the future of survey research. Discusses the limitations of emerging approaches to public opinion research (such as opt-in online panels and social media analysis).
The document provides sample answers to questions from workbooks on the sociology of crime and deviance and social stratification. It defines key concepts like crime, deviance, and the social construction of crime and deviance. It also summarizes factors that affect criminal behavior, such as biological, psychological, sociological, and labeling theories. Additional topics covered include measuring crime through statistics, surveys and self-reports, as well as the influence of social class, gender, ethnicity, and age on criminal behavior. Control theories involving informal social controls through the family and peers as well as formal controls of the criminal justice system are also briefly discussed.
Nick Clegg believes the Liberal Democrats can come to power within 10 years despite not holding power for 85 years. He argues that politics has become more fluid with old allegiances breaking down. Clegg is campaigning to become the new leader of the Liberal Democrats against competitor Chris Huhne. He believes the current political system is rotten and needs electoral reform to be more representative and address issues like a lack of social mobility and environmental challenges with liberal answers. Clegg also advocates treating alcohol within a drug classification system and depoliticizing the debate around drug policy.
The document discusses research the author has conducted on their target audience of 16-24 year olds for a documentary. It details findings from surveys in Canada and the UK that suggest this age group frequently watches documentaries and prefers feature-length films to short films. The author analyzed the genres of popular documentaries on Netflix and found their short documentary about indecisiveness aligns with themes on Netflix. Primary research through a survey of 10 people provided insights on expectations for documentaries like including music and a mix of information and interviews.
This document contains a midterm exam for a criminal justice course with 25 multiple choice questions covering topics like policing, the criminal justice system, courts, and corrections. It also includes 3 assignments on applying victimization theory, discussing criminal case examples, and outlining the history and issues with prisons in the US. Students are instructed to research the questions and assignments using online resources and cite at least 3 academic sources in their responses.
Crj 100 Enthusiastic Study / snaptutorial.comStephenson42
This document contains a series of multiple choice questions that appear to be from a criminal justice midterm exam, covering topics such as policing, the criminal justice system, courts, and corrections. It also includes assignments on applying victimization theories, discussing criminal cases, and the history and issues facing prisons. Students are instructed to research the questions and assignments and format their responses based on the provided guidelines. The exam and assignments assess students' understanding of key concepts and developments in the US criminal justice system.
For more classes visit
www.snaptutorial.com
Question 1 Which of the following is false regarding education and the police?
Question 2 What city was the first to hire and award the title of police officer to a woman in 1910?
Question 3 Justification of the use of deadly force via the "fleeing felon" rule can be traced to:
Question 1 The following is an example of a Status Offense.docxJUST36
Question 1
The following is an example of a Status Offense
Truancy.
Shoplifting
Vandalism
None of the Above
Question
2
The NIBRS is an effective tool for reporting of criminal activity for federal agencies only and statistical analysis of crime.
True
False.
Question 3
Part II crimes as reported in the UCR include the following information
Arrest data.
Location of the offense
Party responsible for reporting the crime
Reported to the FBI Compilation Center
Question 4
Strain Theory as promulgated by Merton indicates
People are born neither "bad" or "good"
People are inherently undisciplined
People are influenced by the values of society.
All of the above
Question 5
Glueck and Glueck determined that single parent homes were a risk factor for the development of delinquency.
True.
False
Question 6
Authoritative Parent Styles are characterized by
To shape and control child's life.
No control and extremely few restrictions on a child
To be rational and apply reasonable restrictions
Detached and unengaged in the child's life
Question 7
Research demonstrates that there is no relationship between sibling criminal activity and the onset of delinquency.
True
False.
Question 8
A lack of empathy is indicative of conscience/super ego deficiency
True.
False.
Question 9
There is an inverse relationship between IQ and the commission of crime
True.
False.
Question 10
Diagnostic criteria for Conduct Disorder from the DSM identify include
Incorrigibility
Bed Wetting
Animal Cruelty
a & c
Question 11
Conduct Disorder diagnosed children/adolescents are also commonly diagnosed as ADHD, but the reverse is not as common.
True.
False.
Question 12
Biological predisposition to develop deviant behavior includes
Neurological abnormalities
Genetics
In Utero experiences
All of the above
Question 13
B.F. Skinner's Theory of the origin of criminal etiology excludes
Behavior Modeling
Extinction.
Rewards
Situationism
Question 14
Instrumental Learning requires
Classical conditioning
Social Modeling
Presence of Rewards and Punishments.
Humans act in a monotonous routine manner without active intelligence.
Question 15
The Milgram study demonstrated
Social Learning Theory
Fundamental Attribution Error
Crimes of Obedience.
Classical Conditioning
Question 16
Deindividuation explains the phenomena of
Cognitive decision making on individual behaviors
Operant Conditioning.
Looting
Authority
Question 17
The Stanford Prison Experiment demonstrates
Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
Moral Disengagement
Crowd Violence
Question 18
Sutherland's Theory of Differential Association demonstrates
Influence of intimate personal groups
Norms
Definitions of unlawful v. lawful behavior
All of the Above
Question 19
Akers, in ...
5 Minute Speech on Labelling Theory for CRM100 - Introduction to CriminologyJoshua Walker
Labelling theory takes a different approach to understanding crime and deviance compared to other theories. It focuses on how certain acts and people become labelled as criminal or deviant through their interactions with others in society, rather than viewing crime as inherent to the act or person. Labelling theorists believe that deviance is a social construct defined by a society's reaction to an act, rather than the act itself. They argue that criminal justice interventions intended to control behaviors like street fighting may actually worsen the behaviors by negatively impacting individuals' self-identities through repeated labelling as delinquents. However, one criticism of labelling theory is that it does not explain the underlying causes of crime.
- The Broken Windows Theory suggests that tolerating minor criminal acts and signs of disorder in a community can contribute to more serious crime. It argues that communities should aggressively enforce laws against minor offenses to prevent escalation to major crimes.
- Studies evaluating the effectiveness of Broken Windows policing have had mixed results. An early evaluation in Washington D.C. found it did not reduce crime rates, while crime was already falling in New York prior to Broken Windows policing being implemented there.
- Critics argue that Broken Windows policing can result in over-policing of minority communities and excessive stops and arrests for minor offenses, burdening the criminal justice system. Supporters counter that targeting minor crimes deters escalation to more serious
1Marks 4With regard to biological or genetic differences betwee.docxjeanettehully
1
Marks: 4
With regard to biological or genetic differences between people, sociologists have found that:
Choose one answer.
Question
2
Marks: 4
The faith of Americans tends to be more broad than deep. This is evidenced by which of the following results from research?
Choose one answer.
Question
3
Marks: 4
The examples of more and more people bowling and eating alone are used to highlight which of the following?
Choose one answer.
Question
4
Marks: 4
In which two early social movements were religious groups involved?
Choose one answer.
Question
5
Marks: 4
Taking into account students’ family backgrounds, ____________ schools tend to outperform ____________ schools in preparing children academically.
Choose one answer.
Question
6
Marks: 4
A society of commerce in which the maximization of profit is the primary incentive for employment.
Answer:
Question
7
Marks: 4
Which of the following is Durkheim’s term meaning a sense of aimlessness or despair that arises when we can no longer reasonably expect life to be more or less predictable?
Choose one answer.
Question
8
Marks: 4
Tomas transfers to a new school when his family moves to a new district, and he is placed in a classroom with students who have slightly higher average math grades than he does. Tomas is concerned that he will fall behind. Based on the research, what is the most likely outcome?
Choose one answer.
Question
9
Marks: 4
Due to growing anti-Americanism in the Middle East, new diplomatic efforts have included all of the following EXCEPT:
Choose one answer.
Question
10
Marks: 4
Which type of social solidarity is based upon the sameness of the individual parts and people in a society, according to Durkheim?
Choose one answer.
Question
11
Marks: 4
For some followers of religion,
embodied practices
make the religious experience feel more authentic and real. Which of the following is NOT an embodied practice?
Choose one answer.
Question
12
Marks: 4
In the 1960s, Peter Berger wrote that pluralism would cause a ____________ in which religion would lose its legitimacy, as the ____________ would come apart. The result would be psychological malaise and a loss of meaning to life
Choose one answer.
Question
13
Marks: 4
What percentage of Americans claim a religious affiliation?
Choose one answer.
Question
14
Marks: 4
When the Bureau of Indian Affairs attempted to “civilize” Native American children by taking them away from their homes to reduce the influence of their families, educating them in boarding schools, and forbidding them to speak languages other than English, it was attempting to ____________ the children to dominant American values.
Choose one answer.
Question
15
Marks: 4
A married couple and their firstborn child are a type of group known as:
Choose one answer.
Question
16
Marks: 4
According to Levitt and Donahue’s 2001 research, which factor “was one of the greatest crime-lowering factors in American history.
ItTakesANationOfMillions(Masters Capstone Project)Carl Young, MS
This document is an introduction and abstract for a master's thesis examining the impact of Reagan's War on Drugs and mass incarceration policies on Black youth. It provides background on the author and discusses sociological theories of strain and adaptation. The introduction describes the author's experiences growing up in the inner city during the 1980s amid the rise of crack cocaine and discusses how a year living in Germany altered his life chances and worldview. The abstract previews that the thesis will examine key drug war legislation and their consequences, draw historical parallels to slavery and Jim Crow, and call for a new abolition movement to address mass incarceration.
This Tutorial contains 3 Set of Exam 1
PSY 110 Exam 1 (3 Set)
• Question 1 Which of the following subjects do not display Self-Recognition when looking into a mirror?
• Question 2 According to your text, in 2012, what percentage of adults believed that, “It’s alright for Blacks and Whites to date each other?”
1) Control theories examine why most people do not commit crimes and focus on the social controls that bond individuals to society, such as attachment to family and commitment to education.
2) Early researchers found delinquency was related to weak bonds like inconsistent parenting and lack of school commitment. Later theorists such as Hirschi emphasized the "social control bonds" of attachment, commitment, involvement, and beliefs.
3) Matza argued that delinquents are not fully committed to criminal behaviors and can "neutralize" moral beliefs to rationalize acts, while General Theory of Crime links low self-control to ineffective parenting.
This document is Brandon Dat's analysis of the 2013 New York City mayoral election. It discusses Brandon's own political ideologies and where he falls on the liberal-conservative spectrum. It then examines the positions of the two main candidates, Bill de Blasio and Joseph Lhota, on key issues like stop-and-frisk policies. After reviewing both candidates' backgrounds and positions, Brandon determines that de Blasio's views most closely align with his own ideologies. He therefore concludes that de Blasio will receive his vote.
The document summarizes a research paper that argues pornography has led to a decline in rape in the United States. It notes that rape has declined 85% over the past 25 years as access to pornography has increased. States with the lowest internet access saw increases in rape, while states with the highest access saw declines. The author argues this correlation suggests pornography may satisfy urges that might otherwise lead to rape, though others may propose additional explanations for the relationship between increased porn and lower rape rates. Critics have argued pornography causes violence, but the author claims their conclusions are not supported by evidence.
The document provides an outline for a research essay on the topic of violence in video games. It discusses the author's plan to examine how the topic has been discussed over decades, look at viewpoints from both sides of the debate, and give their own perspective based on years of personal research. The author plans to analyze how the topic has changed public perception and the games industry over time in three sections focusing on each decade. Sources mentioned include old news clips, articles, and studies they will reference.
The document provides details from the respondent's audience research for a documentary project. The research examines what percentage of 16-24 year olds watch documentaries based on Canadian studies. It finds that 16-34 year olds are the second most common group to watch documentaries. The respondent also looks at Netflix documentaries popular with similar age groups to get ideas for themes. Primary research in the form of an online survey is conducted to understand what this age group expects and prefers in documentaries, such as inclusion of music and interviews. The responses are analyzed to help determine how to design the documentary for maximum appeal to 16-24 year olds.
Probability Sampling and Alternative MethodologiesLangerResearch
Gary Langer's Oct. 2012 presentation to the National Science Foundation on the future of survey research. Discusses the limitations of emerging approaches to public opinion research (such as opt-in online panels and social media analysis).
The document provides sample answers to questions from workbooks on the sociology of crime and deviance and social stratification. It defines key concepts like crime, deviance, and the social construction of crime and deviance. It also summarizes factors that affect criminal behavior, such as biological, psychological, sociological, and labeling theories. Additional topics covered include measuring crime through statistics, surveys and self-reports, as well as the influence of social class, gender, ethnicity, and age on criminal behavior. Control theories involving informal social controls through the family and peers as well as formal controls of the criminal justice system are also briefly discussed.
Nick Clegg believes the Liberal Democrats can come to power within 10 years despite not holding power for 85 years. He argues that politics has become more fluid with old allegiances breaking down. Clegg is campaigning to become the new leader of the Liberal Democrats against competitor Chris Huhne. He believes the current political system is rotten and needs electoral reform to be more representative and address issues like a lack of social mobility and environmental challenges with liberal answers. Clegg also advocates treating alcohol within a drug classification system and depoliticizing the debate around drug policy.
The document discusses research the author has conducted on their target audience of 16-24 year olds for a documentary. It details findings from surveys in Canada and the UK that suggest this age group frequently watches documentaries and prefers feature-length films to short films. The author analyzed the genres of popular documentaries on Netflix and found their short documentary about indecisiveness aligns with themes on Netflix. Primary research through a survey of 10 people provided insights on expectations for documentaries like including music and a mix of information and interviews.
This document contains a midterm exam for a criminal justice course with 25 multiple choice questions covering topics like policing, the criminal justice system, courts, and corrections. It also includes 3 assignments on applying victimization theory, discussing criminal case examples, and outlining the history and issues with prisons in the US. Students are instructed to research the questions and assignments using online resources and cite at least 3 academic sources in their responses.
Crj 100 Enthusiastic Study / snaptutorial.comStephenson42
This document contains a series of multiple choice questions that appear to be from a criminal justice midterm exam, covering topics such as policing, the criminal justice system, courts, and corrections. It also includes assignments on applying victimization theories, discussing criminal cases, and the history and issues facing prisons. Students are instructed to research the questions and assignments and format their responses based on the provided guidelines. The exam and assignments assess students' understanding of key concepts and developments in the US criminal justice system.
For more classes visit
www.snaptutorial.com
Question 1 Which of the following is false regarding education and the police?
Question 2 What city was the first to hire and award the title of police officer to a woman in 1910?
Question 3 Justification of the use of deadly force via the "fleeing felon" rule can be traced to:
Question 1 The following is an example of a Status Offense.docxJUST36
Question 1
The following is an example of a Status Offense
Truancy.
Shoplifting
Vandalism
None of the Above
Question
2
The NIBRS is an effective tool for reporting of criminal activity for federal agencies only and statistical analysis of crime.
True
False.
Question 3
Part II crimes as reported in the UCR include the following information
Arrest data.
Location of the offense
Party responsible for reporting the crime
Reported to the FBI Compilation Center
Question 4
Strain Theory as promulgated by Merton indicates
People are born neither "bad" or "good"
People are inherently undisciplined
People are influenced by the values of society.
All of the above
Question 5
Glueck and Glueck determined that single parent homes were a risk factor for the development of delinquency.
True.
False
Question 6
Authoritative Parent Styles are characterized by
To shape and control child's life.
No control and extremely few restrictions on a child
To be rational and apply reasonable restrictions
Detached and unengaged in the child's life
Question 7
Research demonstrates that there is no relationship between sibling criminal activity and the onset of delinquency.
True
False.
Question 8
A lack of empathy is indicative of conscience/super ego deficiency
True.
False.
Question 9
There is an inverse relationship between IQ and the commission of crime
True.
False.
Question 10
Diagnostic criteria for Conduct Disorder from the DSM identify include
Incorrigibility
Bed Wetting
Animal Cruelty
a & c
Question 11
Conduct Disorder diagnosed children/adolescents are also commonly diagnosed as ADHD, but the reverse is not as common.
True.
False.
Question 12
Biological predisposition to develop deviant behavior includes
Neurological abnormalities
Genetics
In Utero experiences
All of the above
Question 13
B.F. Skinner's Theory of the origin of criminal etiology excludes
Behavior Modeling
Extinction.
Rewards
Situationism
Question 14
Instrumental Learning requires
Classical conditioning
Social Modeling
Presence of Rewards and Punishments.
Humans act in a monotonous routine manner without active intelligence.
Question 15
The Milgram study demonstrated
Social Learning Theory
Fundamental Attribution Error
Crimes of Obedience.
Classical Conditioning
Question 16
Deindividuation explains the phenomena of
Cognitive decision making on individual behaviors
Operant Conditioning.
Looting
Authority
Question 17
The Stanford Prison Experiment demonstrates
Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
Moral Disengagement
Crowd Violence
Question 18
Sutherland's Theory of Differential Association demonstrates
Influence of intimate personal groups
Norms
Definitions of unlawful v. lawful behavior
All of the Above
Question 19
Akers, in ...
5 Minute Speech on Labelling Theory for CRM100 - Introduction to CriminologyJoshua Walker
Labelling theory takes a different approach to understanding crime and deviance compared to other theories. It focuses on how certain acts and people become labelled as criminal or deviant through their interactions with others in society, rather than viewing crime as inherent to the act or person. Labelling theorists believe that deviance is a social construct defined by a society's reaction to an act, rather than the act itself. They argue that criminal justice interventions intended to control behaviors like street fighting may actually worsen the behaviors by negatively impacting individuals' self-identities through repeated labelling as delinquents. However, one criticism of labelling theory is that it does not explain the underlying causes of crime.
- The Broken Windows Theory suggests that tolerating minor criminal acts and signs of disorder in a community can contribute to more serious crime. It argues that communities should aggressively enforce laws against minor offenses to prevent escalation to major crimes.
- Studies evaluating the effectiveness of Broken Windows policing have had mixed results. An early evaluation in Washington D.C. found it did not reduce crime rates, while crime was already falling in New York prior to Broken Windows policing being implemented there.
- Critics argue that Broken Windows policing can result in over-policing of minority communities and excessive stops and arrests for minor offenses, burdening the criminal justice system. Supporters counter that targeting minor crimes deters escalation to more serious
1Marks 4With regard to biological or genetic differences betwee.docxjeanettehully
1
Marks: 4
With regard to biological or genetic differences between people, sociologists have found that:
Choose one answer.
Question
2
Marks: 4
The faith of Americans tends to be more broad than deep. This is evidenced by which of the following results from research?
Choose one answer.
Question
3
Marks: 4
The examples of more and more people bowling and eating alone are used to highlight which of the following?
Choose one answer.
Question
4
Marks: 4
In which two early social movements were religious groups involved?
Choose one answer.
Question
5
Marks: 4
Taking into account students’ family backgrounds, ____________ schools tend to outperform ____________ schools in preparing children academically.
Choose one answer.
Question
6
Marks: 4
A society of commerce in which the maximization of profit is the primary incentive for employment.
Answer:
Question
7
Marks: 4
Which of the following is Durkheim’s term meaning a sense of aimlessness or despair that arises when we can no longer reasonably expect life to be more or less predictable?
Choose one answer.
Question
8
Marks: 4
Tomas transfers to a new school when his family moves to a new district, and he is placed in a classroom with students who have slightly higher average math grades than he does. Tomas is concerned that he will fall behind. Based on the research, what is the most likely outcome?
Choose one answer.
Question
9
Marks: 4
Due to growing anti-Americanism in the Middle East, new diplomatic efforts have included all of the following EXCEPT:
Choose one answer.
Question
10
Marks: 4
Which type of social solidarity is based upon the sameness of the individual parts and people in a society, according to Durkheim?
Choose one answer.
Question
11
Marks: 4
For some followers of religion,
embodied practices
make the religious experience feel more authentic and real. Which of the following is NOT an embodied practice?
Choose one answer.
Question
12
Marks: 4
In the 1960s, Peter Berger wrote that pluralism would cause a ____________ in which religion would lose its legitimacy, as the ____________ would come apart. The result would be psychological malaise and a loss of meaning to life
Choose one answer.
Question
13
Marks: 4
What percentage of Americans claim a religious affiliation?
Choose one answer.
Question
14
Marks: 4
When the Bureau of Indian Affairs attempted to “civilize” Native American children by taking them away from their homes to reduce the influence of their families, educating them in boarding schools, and forbidding them to speak languages other than English, it was attempting to ____________ the children to dominant American values.
Choose one answer.
Question
15
Marks: 4
A married couple and their firstborn child are a type of group known as:
Choose one answer.
Question
16
Marks: 4
According to Levitt and Donahue’s 2001 research, which factor “was one of the greatest crime-lowering factors in American history.
ItTakesANationOfMillions(Masters Capstone Project)Carl Young, MS
This document is an introduction and abstract for a master's thesis examining the impact of Reagan's War on Drugs and mass incarceration policies on Black youth. It provides background on the author and discusses sociological theories of strain and adaptation. The introduction describes the author's experiences growing up in the inner city during the 1980s amid the rise of crack cocaine and discusses how a year living in Germany altered his life chances and worldview. The abstract previews that the thesis will examine key drug war legislation and their consequences, draw historical parallels to slavery and Jim Crow, and call for a new abolition movement to address mass incarceration.
This Tutorial contains 3 Set of Exam 1
PSY 110 Exam 1 (3 Set)
• Question 1 Which of the following subjects do not display Self-Recognition when looking into a mirror?
• Question 2 According to your text, in 2012, what percentage of adults believed that, “It’s alright for Blacks and Whites to date each other?”
QUESTION 1Which of the following is a basic element of classical.docxJUST36
QUESTION 1
Which of the following is a basic element of classical criminology?
Human behavior is a product of social, biological, or economic forces that can be empirically measured.
Crime exists because of a lack of norms or clear social standards.
Crime is attractive when it promises great benefits with little effort.
Crime is a product of the capitalist system.
QUESTION 2
Rational choice theorists view crime as both _________ and ________ specific.
Offense and offender
Reward and offender
Victim and offender
Offense and victim
QUESTION 3
______________ behavior is any action that departs from the social norms of society.
Deviant
Illegal
Criminal
Misdemeanor
QUESTION 4
Which was the first written criminal code?
Common Law Code
Mosaic Code
Code of Hammurabi
QUESTION 5
To address the nonreporting issue, the federal government sponsors the:
IPSR
UCR
FDIC
NCVS
QUESTION 6
____________ deterrence holds that criminal sanctions should be so powerful that known criminals will never repeat their criminal acts.
Broad
Interval
Intermediate
Specific
QUESTION 7
____________ uses multiple advances computational methods, including artificial intelligence, to analyze large data sets usually involving one or more data solutions.
Data mining
Crime mapping
Logic bombing
Trojan horsing
QUESTION 8
Criminologists look for _________ crime-rate patters to gain insight into the nature of crime.
Increasing
Decreasing
Random
Stable
QUESTION 9
In the past, how did criminologists view crime victims?
As an indirect role in a criminal incident.
As merely the passive targets of a criminal’s anger or greed.
As fully responsible for the criminal incident.
As an active role in the incident.
QUESTION 10
People who are crime victims are ___________ likely to commit crimes themselves.
Less
Equally
Not
More
QUESTION 11
People living ___________ are more likely to be vandalized.
On military bases
In rural areas
In suburban communities
In cities
QUESTION 12
Victim precipitation can be either:
Scientific or empirical
Active or passive
Encouraged or discouraged
Instigated or non-responsive
QUESTION 13
Shoplifting and vandalism are considered ________ thrills because getting away with crime is a thrilling demonstration of personal competence.
Cunning
Tricky
Sneaky
Sexy
QUESTION 14
What occurs when increased patrols in one community shift the crime to a more vulnerable neighborhood?
Diffusion
Replacement
Discouragement
Displacement
QUESTION 15
What is the repetition of criminal behavior called?
Recidivism
Retaliation
Reparation
Restitution
QUESTION 16
____________ assumes that behavioral traits may be inherited but that they may also evolve.
Sociobiology
Meta-evolution
Microbiology
Biophysics
QUESTION 17
When looking at the connection between genetics and crime, researchers have evaluated all the following except: ...
The Influence Of Labelling Theory On Criminal Justice PolicyMelissa Luster
The document discusses how labelling theory has influenced criminal justice policy, particularly regarding young offenders. It recognizes the potentially harmful effects of the legal process from court through custody. As a result of labelling theory, diversion is now the policy for all but the most serious persistent youth offenders. The criminal justice system now targets those seen as 'at risk of offending' and aims to implement cautioning and community sentences when possible. However, recent increases in crime statistics question the current validity of labelling theory.
Question 1 of 402.5 PointsWhich case established criteria fo.docxIRESH3
The document appears to be a quiz consisting of 40 multiple choice questions related to juvenile justice, criminal justice, and drug policy. The questions cover topics such as landmark Supreme Court cases related to juvenile justice, characteristics of youth gangs, categories of juvenile offenders, historical context of the juvenile justice system, drug legislation and policy in the United States, correctional alternatives to incarceration, and reentry programs for offenders.
Their main suggestions were that the nature of humans as constantly calculating being is the main source of their criminal behaviour (Deflem, 2006). Furthermore, believers in the classical school of thought assumed that humans have a free will in decision-making and that punishment can be used to deter crime as long as it fits the crime, is delivered on time, and is proportional to the crime.
Broken windows theory, academic theory proposed by James Q. Wilson.docxAASTHA76
Broken windows theory, academic theory proposed by James Q. Wilson and George Kelling in 1982 that used broken windows as a metaphor for disorder within neighbourhoods. Their theory links disorder and incivility within a community to subsequent occurrences of serious crime.
Broken windows theory had an enormous impact on police policy throughout the 1990s and remained influential into the 21st century. Perhaps the most notable application of the theory was in New York City under the direction of Police Commissioner William Bratton. He and others were convinced that the aggressive order-maintenance practices of the New York City Police Department were responsible for the dramatic decrease in crime rates within the city during the 1990s. Bratton began translating the theory into practice as the chief of New York City’s transit police from 1990 to 1992. Squads of plainclothes officers were assigned to catch turnstile jumpers, and, as arrests for misdemeanours increased, subway crimes of all kinds decreased dramatically. In 1994, when he became New York City police commissioner, Bratton introduced his broken windows-based “quality of life initiative.” This initiative cracked down on panhandling, disorderly behaviour, public drinking, street prostitution, and unsolicited windshield washing or other such attempts to obtain cash from drivers stopped in traffic. When Bratton resigned in 1996, felonies were down almost 40 percent in New York, and the homicide rate had been halved.
The theory
Prior to the development and implementation of various incivility theories such as broken windows, law enforcement scholars and police tended to focus on serious crime; that is, the major concern was with crimes that were perceived to be the most serious and consequential for the victim, such as rape, robbery, and murder. Wilson and Kelling took a different view. They saw serious crime as the final result of a lengthier chain of events, theorizing that crime emanated from disorder and that if disorder were eliminated, then serious crimes would not occur.
Their theory further posits that the prevalence of disorder creates fear in the minds of citizens who are convinced that the area is unsafe. This withdrawal from the community weakens social controls that previously kept criminals in check. Once this process begins, it feeds itself. Disorder causes crime, and crime causes further disorder and crime.
Scholars generally define two different types of disorder. The first is physical disorder, typified by vacant buildings, broken windows, abandoned vehicles, and vacant lots filled with trash. The second type is social disorder, which is typified by aggressive panhandlers, noisy neighbours, and groups of youths congregating on street corners. The line between crime and disorder is often blurred, with some experts considering such acts as prostitution and drug dealing as disorder while many others classify them as crimes. While different, these two types of disorder are ...
Postmodernism has contributed to sociologists' understanding of crime and deviance in today's society in the following ways:
1. It has challenged modernist meta-narratives and conceptions of what crime is.
2. Sociologists influenced by postmodernism see crime as socially constructed and dependent on context.
3. Postmodern theories emphasize issues like globalization, state crime, and the changing nature of surveillance in understanding crime and deviance in contemporary society.
This document discusses sociological explanations for variations in criminality among different age groups. It notes that criminality peaks between ages 15-18, with young males most likely to offend. Several theories are presented to explain this link between age and crime. Status frustration theory and peer group status theory suggest that young people seek status and approval from their peer groups when they lack it elsewhere. Control theory argues criminal behavior is more likely when bonds to family and society are weakened, as they often are for teenagers. Techniques of neutralization and drift theory posit that during adolescence, moral bonds to society are loosened. Finally, police stereotyping may result in youth being more likely to be arrested and convicted due to fitting the profile of
Criminal justice policy is shaped by criminological theories that attempt to explain the causes of crime. There are several mainstream theories, including classical, biological, psychological, sociological, learning, and social control theories. These theories propose factors like free will, genetics, intelligence, environment, learning, and social bonds that may influence criminal behavior. Effective policy requires understanding these complex theoretical frameworks and how elements like deterrence, social structure, labeling, and conflict contribute to criminal acts.
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Film vocab for eal 3 students: Australia the movie
Crj 105 Success Begins / snaptutorial.com
1. CRJ 105 Week 3 quiz 1
For more classes visit
www.snaptutorial.com
Behavior that is outside the range of normal societal toleration is best
described as:
Question 2
An individual is shot while trying to break into a home. This is
an example of:
Question 3
Created classification of victims based on their culpability:
Question 4
The gap between male and female crime rates is _______ in
modernized societies.
Question 5
Crime rates are difficult to compare cross-nationally due to:
Question 6
2. "The insanity defense allows many dangerous offenders to escape
conviction." This is:
Question 7
The statement "neighborhoods that have a large percentage of female-
headed households have higher rates of theft and violent victimization"
is an example of:
Question 8
A criminologist wants to gain an in-depth understanding of the
subculture of a street gang in a particular city. Which of the following
methods would be the most appropriate method for obtaining such an
understanding?
Question 9
In stating that most theories of crime and delinquency have been
androcentric, it is meant that they have been:
Question 10
The first individual to empirically investigate victimization
was:
Question 11
Which of the following is true of the number of crimes
reported to police?
Question 12
Most of the modern-day developments in criminology have
taken place in which country?
Question 13
3. Which of the following is commonly used to refer to the
number of crimes that are committed, but which never come to official
attention?
Question 14
Occurs when a person actually does something that incites
another person to commit an illegal act.
Question 15
Females have an overreaching fear of:
Question 16
The father of victimology is:
Question 17
According to the International Crime Victimization Survey,
the rate of violent crime in the United States is
Question 18
The more frequently a person comes into contact with persons
in demographic groups with likely offenders, the more likely it is the
person will be victimized is referred to as:
Question 19
Which of the following is true regarding the relationship
between age and crime?
Question 20
4. The field that attempts to define, explain, and predict criminal
behavior is known as:
Question 21
Which of the following is true of laws?
Question 22
While there is not complete consensus, in defining who should
be considered "criminal," criminologists most strongly agree that the
term should be used for which of the following?
Question 23
In the case of college female sexual victimization, most
subsequent incidents happen:
African Americans compose approximately 12% of the
population in the United States. Which of the following is true regarding
African Americans and contemporary arrest rates?
Question 25
The "age/crime" debate refers to the debate surrounding:
********************************************************
CRJ 105 Week 3 quiz
For more classes visit
5. www.snaptutorial.com
QUESTION 17
According to the International Crime Victimization Survey,
the rate of violent crime in the United States is:
• QUESTION 18
The more frequently a person comes into contact with persons
in demographic groups with likely offenders, the more likely it is the
person will be victimized is referred to as:
• QUESTION 19
Which of the following is true regarding the relationship
between age and crime?
• QUESTION 20
The field that attempts to define, explain, and predict criminal
behavior is known as:
• QUESTION 21
Which of the following is true of laws?
• QUESTION 22
While there is not complete consensus, in defining who should
be considered "criminal," criminologists most strongly agree that the
term should be used for which of the following?
• QUESTION 23
6. In the case of college female sexual victimization, most
subsequent incidents happen:
• QUESTION 24
African Americans compose approximately 12% of the
population in the United States. Which of the following is true regarding
African Americans and contemporary arrest rates?
• QUESTION 25
The "age/crime" debate refers to the debate surrounding:
********************************************************
CRJ 105 Week 5 quiz
For more classes visit
www.snaptutorial.com
QUESTION 1
The movement to control degenerates through sterilization,
euthanasia, and cutbacks in welfare is known as the:
• QUESTION 2
7. Which theorist contributed a framework to describe the
political nature of criminal law, and how pluralistic conflict shapes the
role of law?
• QUESTION 3
"Twin studies" are performed to:
• QUESTION 4
Jeremy Bentham advocated for "the greatest happiness shared
by the greatest number." The term that refers to this approach is:
• QUESTION 5
The basic principles of the modern Western judicial and legal
system are found in the:
• QUESTION 6
The "XYY syndrome" refers to the belief that men with an
extra "Y" chromosome are:
• QUESTION 7
Which of the following theorists is credited with general strain
theory, in which it was acknowledged that strain can result from a
variety of negative relationships or experiences?
• QUESTION 8
W. E. B. Du Bois is often overlooked for his contributions to
which area of thought?
• QUESTION 9
Labeling theory is based on which concept?
8. • QUESTION 10
Generally speaking, anomie theories focus on crime as the
result of:
• QUESTION 11
Which of the following would an adherent of the neoclassical
school propose?
• QUESTION 12
Which of the following refers to the study of the size and
shape of the skull to determine a person's intelligence and personality?
• QUESTION 13
The view that criminal behavior is ultimately driven by
supernatural forces is known as:
• QUESTION 14
In labeling theory, "secondary deviance" is used to refer to
crimes that:
• QUESTION 15
Which somatotype did Sheldon (1940) propose was linked to
criminal behavior?
• QUESTION 16
A little boy shoplifts a candy bar from a local store. The view
that this crime was influenced by environmental factors is known as:
• QUESTION 17
"Theory" is best described as:
9. • QUESTION 18
The "Chicago School" is associated with which of the
following?
• QUESTION 19
Beccaria's work can be summarized as arguing that:
• QUESTION 20
Who was the first researcher to take advantage of criminal
statistics?
• QUESTION 21
The most important figure in biological positivism was:
• QUESTION 22
Which of the following theoretical perspectives is based on the
premise that human behavior is primarily hedonistic in nature?
• QUESTION 23
"Androcentric bias" refers to the tendency to:
• QUESTION 24
Even though Johnny realizes that he will never reach the
economic and occupational success of which he once dreamed, he
continues to go to work each day and diligently complete the tasks
assigned to him. This is most consistent with which form of adaptation
in Merton's theory of anomie/strain?
• QUESTION 25
10. The "institutional anomie theory" attributes crime to the:
********************************************************
CRJ 105 WEEK 8 QUIZ
For more classes visit
www.snaptutorial.com
QUESTION 1
The movement to control degenerates through sterilization,
euthanasia, and cutbacks in welfare is known as the:
• QUESTION 2
Which theorist contributed a framework to describe the
political nature of criminal law, and how pluralistic conflict shapes the
role of law?
• QUESTION 3
"Twin studies" are performed to:
• QUESTION 4
11. Jeremy Bentham advocated for "the greatest happiness shared
by the greatest number." The term that refers to this approach is:
• QUESTION 5
The basic principles of the modern Western judicial and legal
system are found in the:
• QUESTION 6
The "XYY syndrome" refers to the belief that men with an
extra "Y" chromosome are:
• QUESTION 7
Which of the following theorists is credited with general strain
theory, in which it was acknowledged that strain can result from a
variety of negative relationships or experiences?
• QUESTION 8
W. E. B. Du Bois is often overlooked for his contributions to
which area of thought?
• QUESTION 9
Labeling theory is based on which concept?
• QUESTION 10
Generally speaking, anomie theories focus on crime as the
result of:
• QUESTION 11
Which of the following would an adherent of the neoclassical
school propose?
12. • QUESTION 12
Which of the following refers to the study of the size and
shape of the skull to determine a person's intelligence and personality?
• QUESTION 13
The view that criminal behavior is ultimately driven by
supernatural forces is known as:
• QUESTION 14
In labeling theory, "secondary deviance" is used to refer to
crimes that:
• QUESTION 15
Which somatotype did Sheldon (1940) propose was linked to
criminal behavior?
• QUESTION 16
A little boy shoplifts a candy bar from a local store. The view
that this crime was influenced by environmental factors is known as:
• QUESTION 17
"Theory" is best described as:
• QUESTION 18
The "Chicago School" is associated with which of the
following?
• QUESTION 19
Beccaria's work can be summarized as arguing that:
• QUESTION 20
13. Who was the first researcher to take advantage of criminal
statistics?
• QUESTION 21
The most important figure in biological positivism was:
• QUESTION 22
Which of the following theoretical perspectives is based on the
premise that human behavior is primarily hedonistic in nature?
• QUESTION 23
"Androcentric bias" refers to the tendency to:
• QUESTION 24
Even though Johnny realizes that he will never reach the
economic and occupational success of which he once dreamed, he
continues to go to work each day and diligently complete the tasks
assigned to him. This is most consistent with which form of adaptation
in Merton's theory of anomie/strain?
• QUESTION 25
The "institutional anomie theory" attributes crime to
the:
********************************************************
CRJ 105 WEEK 10 QUIZ
14. For more classes visit
www.snaptutorial.com
Question 1
The Gestapo and KGB are examples of:
• Question 2
Cointelpro was an FBI counterintelligence program that:
• Question 3
Which of the following is true of money laundering?
• Question 4
___________refers to crime that is committed using a
computer.
• Question 5
People who illegally reproduce and use software and
subsequently cost manufacturers billions of dollars a year in lost revenue
are called:
• Question 6
In prostitution, which of the following is associated with the
highest amount of prestige?
• Question 7
15. In prostitution, "B-girls" refers to:
• Question 8
Software programs such as Cracker are used to assist in this
type of computer attack.
• Question 9
Which of the following is true of research on terrorism?
• Question 10
According to the FBI, the highest financial losses were
attributed to:
• Question 11
According to the United Nations' identification of different
types of organized crime organizations, which of the following refers to
an association of groups with a single governing body?
• Question 12
John Gotti was known as the "Teflon don." This was because:
• Question 13
Of the following choices, which is the least likely to perpetrate
incest against a female child?
• Question 14
According to Clarke's typology, assassins who have
documented histories of organic psychosis are identified as:
• Question 15
16. According to Ianni, which of the following terms describes
organized crime as a means of upward mobility where such mobility
would otherwise not be possible?
• Question 16
It is estimated that ______ percent of computer crimes are
committed by "insiders" or employees.
• Question 17
In regard to drug trafficking, which of the following is used to
refer to the northern border areas of Thailand, Burma, and Laos?
• Question 18
The Ku Klux Klan is an example of which of the following
groups?
• Question 19
Which of the following had become a common setting for
commercial sex in North America in the 1970s?
• Question 20
According to Hagan's typology, which of the following refers
to spies who are motivated by monetary gain?
• Question 21
A majority of children who are victims of online predator are:
• Question 22
According to Hagedorn's typology, which of the following
types of gang members tend to mature out of gangs?
17. • Question 23
Acts that are similar to terrorism, but that lack its ideological
motivation, would be classified as which of the following?
• Question 24
According to Hagan's typology, which of the following refers
to spies who are motivated by psychological fulfillment?
• Question 25
Which of the following is commonly utilized in money
laundering?
********************************************************
CRJ 105 Week 11 quiz
For more classes visit
www.snaptutorial.com
Question 1
According to the United Nations' identification of different types
of organized crime organizations, which of the following refers to an
association of groups with a single governing body?
18. Question 2
Which of the following made it necessary to obtain a doctor's
prescription in order to legally possess narcotics and cocaine?
Question 3
MICE is an acronym for the motives of:
Question 4
It is estimated that ______ percent of computer crimes are
committed by "insiders" or employees.
Question 5
Of the following choices, which is the least likely to perpetrate
incest against a female child?
Question 6
Which of the following types of terrorism is consistent with acts
"which are committed for ideological or political motives, but which are
not part of a concerted campaign to capture control of the state"?
Question 7
Which of the following refers to the attainment of sexual
gratification by means of inflicting pain on others?
Question 8
Which of the following is true of the rate of illegal drug use in
the United States?
Question 9
19. What is the term for ill-intentioned hackers who attempt to break
into computer systems?
Question 10
Which of the following is used to refer to the customers of
prostitution?
Question 11
Cointelpro was an FBI counterintelligence program that:
Question 12
Software programs such as Cracker are used to assist in this type
of computer attack.
Question 13
In prostitution, which of the following is associated with the
highest amount of prestige?
Question 14
According to Clarke's typology, assassins who are unable to
relate to others, and who then direct their rage at prominent figures, are
identified as:
Question 15
Which of the following had become a common setting for
commercial sex in North America in the 1970s?
Question 16
The transnational smuggling of illegal aliens from undeveloped
to developed countries is often related to:
20. Question 17
In prostitution, "B-girls" refers to:
Question 18
The "noble experiment" and "great illusion" were both terms
used to refer to _______.
Question 19
The Gestapo and KGB are examples of:
Question 20
Acts that are similar to terrorism, but that lack its ideological
motivation, would be classified as which of the following?
Question 21
A majority of children who are victims of online predator are:
Question 22
Which of the following is true regarding most child molesters?
Question 23
People who illegally reproduce and use software and
subsequently cost manufacturers billions of dollars a year in lost revenue
are called:
Question 24
According to Hagedorn's typology, African American and Latino
adult gang members tend to be which of the following?
Question 25
21. A bot-herder can do which of the following with compromised
computers:
********************************************************